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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Skrá inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Frekari valkostir" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persónuleg verkfæri" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persónuleg verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Notandavalmynd" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_is.wikipedia.org&uselang=is"><span>Fjárframlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%BAa_til_a%C3%B0gang&returnto=Samanbur%C3%B0arm%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsindi" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að búa til aðgang og skrá þig inn; en það er ekki skylda"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Búa til aðgang</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Innskr%C3%A1&returnto=Samanbur%C3%B0arm%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsindi" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að innskrá þig, það er hinsvegar ekki skylda. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Framl%C3%B6g_m%C3%ADn" title="Listi yfir breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Framlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samanburðarmálvísindi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 48 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9" title="لسانيات مقارنة – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لسانيات مقارنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCqayis%C9%99li_dil%C3%A7ilik" title="Müqayisəli dilçilik – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müqayisəli dilçilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তুলনামূলক ভাষাবিজ্ঞান – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুলনামূলক ভাষাবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_comparativa" title="Lingüística comparativa – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lingüística comparativa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komparativn%C3%AD_lingvistika" title="Komparativní lingvistika – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komparativní lingvistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithyddiaeth_gymharol" title="Ieithyddiaeth gymharol – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithyddiaeth gymharol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergleichende_Sprachwissenschaft" title="Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Συγκριτική γλωσσολογία – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συγκριτική γλωσσολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguistics" title="Comparative linguistics – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Comparative linguistics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompara_lingvoscienco" title="Kompara lingvoscienco – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kompara lingvoscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_comparativa" title="Lingüística comparativa – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lingüística comparativa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5rdlev_keeleteadus" title="Võrdlev keeleteadus – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Võrdlev keeleteadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntzalaritza_konparatu" title="Hizkuntzalaritza konparatu – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntzalaritza konparatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="زبان‌شناسی تطبیقی – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌شناسی تطبیقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistique_compar%C3%A9e" title="Linguistique comparée – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Linguistique comparée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_comparada" title="Lingüística comparada – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingüística comparada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengoaylleeaght_hoylee" title="Çhengoaylleeaght hoylee – manska" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengoaylleeaght hoylee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुलनात्मक भाषाविज्ञान – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुलनात्मक भाषाविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Համեմատական լեզվաբանություն – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համեմատական լեզվաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistika_komparatif" title="Linguistika komparatif – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Linguistika komparatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistiko_komparata" title="Linguistiko komparata – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Linguistiko komparata" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistica_comparativa" title="Linguistica comparativa – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linguistica comparativa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="比較言語学 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="比較言語学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Салыстырмалы лингвистика – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Салыстырмалы лингвистика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EA%B5%90%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99" title="비교언어학 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비교언어학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistica_comparativa" title="Linguistica comparativa – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguistica comparativa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyginamoji_kalbotyra" title="Lyginamoji kalbotyra – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lyginamoji kalbotyra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Споредбена лингвистика – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Споредбена лингвистика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="താരതമ്യ ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രപഠനം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താരതമ്യ ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രപഠനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तौलनिक भाषाशास्त्र – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तौलनिक भाषाशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistik_perbandingan" title="Linguistik perbandingan – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Linguistik perbandingan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergelijkende_taalkunde" title="Vergelijkende taalkunde – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vergelijkende taalkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਲਨਾਤਮਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਲਨਾਤਮਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zykoznawstwo_por%C3%B3wnawcze" title="Językoznawstwo porównawcze – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Językoznawstwo porównawcze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingu%C3%ADstica_comparativa" title="Linguística comparativa – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linguística comparativa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingvistic%C4%83_comparativ%C4%83" title="Lingvistică comparativă – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lingvistică comparativă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сравнительное языкознание – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сравнительное языкознание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تقابلي لسانيات – sindí" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تقابلي لسانيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porovn%C3%A1vacia_jazykoveda" title="Porovnávacia jazykoveda – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Porovnávacia jazykoveda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABsia_krahasuese" title="Gjuhësia krahasuese – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhësia krahasuese" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komparativna_lingvistika" title="Komparativna lingvistika – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Komparativna lingvistika" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒப்பீட்டு மொழியியல் – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒப்பீட்டு மொழியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A" title="ภาษาศาสตร์เปรียบเทียบ – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาศาสตร์เปรียบเทียบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1la%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmal%C4%B1_dilbilim" title="Karşılaştırmalı dilbilim – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karşılaştırmalı dilbilim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Порівняльна лінгвістика – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Порівняльна лінгвістика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تقابلی لسانیات – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تقابلی لسانیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="比较语言学 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="比较语言学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="比較語言學 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比較語言學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Útlit"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Útlit</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">fela</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Úr Wikipediu, frjálsa alfræðiritinu</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Endurbeint frá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samanbur%C3%B0arm%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanburðarmálfræði">Samanburðarmálfræði</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="is" dir="ltr"><p><b>Samanburðarmálvísindi</b> er undirgrein <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6guleg_m%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsindi" title="Söguleg málvísindi">sögulegra málvísinda</a> þar sem einbeint er að samanburði á tungumálum í því skyni að fræðast meira um tengsl milli þeirra og uppruna. Skyld tungumál hafa sameiginlegan uppruna í <a href="/wiki/Frumm%C3%A1l" title="Frummál">frummáli</a>, en skyldleiki þeirra getur verið notaður til þess að endurbyggja frummálið. Dæmi um frummál er <a href="/wiki/Frumgermanska" title="Frumgermanska">frumgermanska</a>, sem er sem er forfaðir allra <a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%B6nsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Germönsk tungumál">germanskra mála</a>. </p><p>Helsta aðferðin sem er notuð í samanburðarmálvísindum heitir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samanbur%C3%B0ara%C3%B0fer%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samanburðaraðferð (síða er ekki enn til)">samanburðaraðferðin</a>. Hljóð- og beygingarkerfi, orðaröð og orðaforði tveggja eða fleiri mála eru borin saman. Gert er ráð fyrir að <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1lbreyting" title="Málbreyting">breytingar</a> sem hafa orðið í málunum verði reglulegar, og að hægt sé að útskýra muninn á hverju atriði málanna. Í reynd er yfirleitt aðeins einn þáttur málanna borinn saman, svo sem orðaforði eða hljóð. </p><p>Ef nægileg gögn eru til staðar um viðeigandi mál gæti það verið hægt að endurbyggja frummálið. Þó að öll form endurbyggðs máls séu tilbúin og fræðileg geta komið að gagni við að að reikna út form sem engar heimildir eru til um. Frægt dæmi um þetta er tilvera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barkaopshlj%C3%B3%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barkaopshljóð (síða er ekki enn til)">barkaopshljóða</a> í <a href="/wiki/Frumind%C3%B3evr%C3%B3pska" title="Frumindóevrópska">frumindóevrópsku</a>, sem <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">Ferdinand de Saussure</a> málfræðingur spáði þó að þau væru ekki til í neinu frumindóevrópsku máli sem þekkt var á tímanum. Kenningin var staðfest þegar heimildir um <a href="/wiki/Hittit%C3%ADska" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittitíska">hittitísku</a> voru uppgötvaðar með merki um barkaopshljóð. </p><p>Samanburðaraðferðin hentar ekki til að endurbyggja mjög fornt upprunamál því tengslin milli þeirra eru ekki eins sterk. Til dæmis ekki hefur tekist að endurbyggja frummál með því að bera saman tvö upprunamál. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870435">.mw-parser-output .t-stub{clear:both;background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:5px;padding-left:10px;text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:1em;color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .t-stub{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .t-stub{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}</style><div class="t-stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Linguistics stub.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/M%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsinda_Stubbur.svg/40px-M%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsinda_Stubbur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/M%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsinda_Stubbur.svg/60px-M%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsinda_Stubbur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/M%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsinda_Stubbur.svg/80px-M%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsinda_Stubbur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="73" /></span></span>  <i>Þessi <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Málfræði">málfræði</a>grein er <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stubbur" title="Wikipedia:Stubbur">stubbur</a>. 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