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<span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar" title="Bar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95)" title="বার (একক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বার (একক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Бар (адзінка вымярэння) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бар (адзінка вымярэння)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Бар (адзінка вымярэньня) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бар (адзінка вымярэньня)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Бар (единица) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бар (единица)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="པཱར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པཱར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(jedinica)" title="Bar (jedinica) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bar (jedinica)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unitat)" title="Bar (unitat) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bar (unitat)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(jednotka)" title="Bar (jednotka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bar (jednotka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(enhed)" title="Bar (enhed) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bar (enhed)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(Einheit)" title="Bar (Einheit) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bar (Einheit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baar_(%C3%BChik)" title="Baar (ühik) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baar (ühik)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)" title="Μπαρ (μονάδα μέτρησης) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπαρ (μονάδα μέτρησης)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unidad_de_presi%C3%B3n)" title="Bar (unidad de presión) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bar (unidad de presión)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baro_(unuo)" title="Baro (unuo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baro (unuo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar" title="Bar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="بار (یکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بار (یکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Bar (unité) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bar (unité)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar" title="Bar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unidade)" title="Bar (unidade) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bar (unidade)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94_(%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84)" title="바 (단위) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바 (단위)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80_(%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)" title="Բար (չափման միավոր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բար (չափման միավոր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88)" title="बार (इकाई) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बार (इकाई)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(jedinica)" title="Bar (jedinica) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bar (jedinica)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baro_(unajo)" title="Baro (unajo) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Baro (unajo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(satuan)" title="Bar (satuan) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bar (satuan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(pression)" title="Bar (pression) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bar (pression)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(%C3%BEr%C3%BDstingur)" title="Bar (þrýstingur) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bar (þrýstingur)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Bar (unità di misura) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bar (unità di misura)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8_(%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94)" title="בר (יחידת מידה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בר (יחידת מידה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ბარი (ერთეული) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბარი (ერთეული)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(shinikizo)" title="Bar (shinikizo) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bar (shinikizo)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%81rs_(m%C4%93rvien%C4%ABba)" title="Bārs (mērvienība) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bārs (mērvienība)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baras_(sl%C4%97gis)" title="Baras (slėgis) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baras (slėgis)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unitaa_de_misura)" title="Bar (unitaa de misura) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bar (unitaa de misura)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(m%C3%A9rt%C3%A9kegys%C3%A9g)" title="Bar (mértékegység) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bar (mértékegység)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Бар (единица) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бар (единица)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC_(%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82)" title="ബാർ (ഏകകം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാർ (ഏകകം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bar (unit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B6)" title="Бар (нэгж) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бар (нэгж)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(druk)" title="Bar (druk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bar (druk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB_(%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D)" title="バール (単位) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バール (単位)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(enhet)" title="Bar (enhet) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bar (enhet)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eininga_bar" title="Eininga bar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eininga bar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unitat)" title="Bar (unitat) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bar (unitat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar" title="Bar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit%C3%A0_d%C3%AB_mzura)" title="Bar (unità dë mzura) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bar (unità dë mzura)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(Eenheit)" title="Bar (Eenheit) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bar (Eenheit)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(jednostka)" title="Bar (jednostka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bar (jednostka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unidade)" title="Bar (unidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bar (unidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar" title="Bar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Бар (единица измерения) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бар (единица измерения)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari_(nj%C3%ABsi)" title="Bari (njësi) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bari (njësi)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unitati_di_misura)" title="Bar (unitati di misura) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bar (unitati di misura)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bar (unit)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(tlak)" title="Bar (tlak) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bar (tlak)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(enota)" title="Bar (enota) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bar (enota)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95)" title="بار (یەکە) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بار (یەکە)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Бар (јединица) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бар (јединица)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(jedinica)" title="Bar (jedinica) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bar (jedinica)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baari" title="Baari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(m%C3%A5ttenhet)" title="Bar (måttenhet) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bar (måttenhet)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88)" title="பார் (அளவை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பார் (அளவை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94)" title="บาร์ (หน่วยวัด) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บาร์ (หน่วยวัด)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA)" title="Бар (воҳиди ченак) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бар (воҳиди ченак)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(birim)" title="Bar (birim) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bar (birim)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="Бар (одиниця) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бар (одиниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(%C4%91%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B)" title="Bar (đơn vị) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bar (đơn vị)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(yunit)" title="Bar (yunit) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bar (yunit)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4" title="巴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4" title="巴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4" title="巴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Millibar">Millibar</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of pressure equal to 100,000 Pa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bar (disambiguation)">Bar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">bar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aluminium_cylinder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Aluminium_cylinder.jpg/220px-Aluminium_cylinder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Aluminium_cylinder.jpg/330px-Aluminium_cylinder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Aluminium_cylinder.jpg/440px-Aluminium_cylinder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1770" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> of 700 bar flattened this length of aluminium tubing of wall thickness 5 millimetres (0.20 in).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">bar</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 bar <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/SI_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI units">SI units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>100 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/CGS_units" class="mw-redirect" title="CGS units">CGS units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Barye" title="Barye">Ba</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/US_customary_units" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary units">US customary units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>14.50377 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">psi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">Atmospheres</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>0.986923 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>bar</b> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_metric_units" title="List of metric units">metric unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> defined as 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">Pa</a> (100 kPa), though not part of the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI). A pressure of 1 bar is slightly less than the current average <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a> on Earth at <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> (approximately 1.013 bar).<sup id="cite_ref-BIPMSI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIPMSI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BSI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/Barometric_formula" title="Barometric formula">barometric formula</a>, 1 bar is roughly the atmospheric pressure on Earth at an altitude of 111 metres at 15 °C. </p><p>The bar and the millibar were introduced by the Norwegian meteorologist <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes" title="Vilhelm Bjerknes">Vilhelm Bjerknes</a>, who was a founder of the modern practice of <a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">weather forecasting</a>, with the bar defined as one <a href="/wiki/Mega-" title="Mega-">mega</a><a href="/wiki/Dyne" title="Dyne">dyne</a> per square <a href="/wiki/Centimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Centimeter">centimeter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/SI_brochure" class="mw-redirect" title="SI brochure">SI brochure</a>, despite previously mentioning the bar,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> now omits any mention of it.<sup id="cite_ref-BIPMSI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIPMSI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bar has been legally recognised in countries of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> since 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-BSI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST) <a href="/wiki/Deprecated" class="mw-redirect" title="Deprecated">deprecates</a> its use except for "limited use in <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorology</a>" and lists it as one of several units that "must not be introduced in fields where they are not presently used".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) also lists it under "Non-SI units and symbols whose continued use is deprecated".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Units derived from the bar include the <b>megabar</b> (symbol: <b>Mbar</b>), <b>kilobar</b> (symbol: <b>kbar</b>), <b>decibar</b> (symbol: <b>dbar</b>), <b>centibar</b> (symbol: <b>cbar</b>), and <b>millibar</b> (symbol: <b>mbar</b>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_conversion">Definition and conversion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar_(unit)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bar is defined using the <a href="/wiki/SI_derived_unit" title="SI derived unit">SI derived unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">pascal</a>: <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠"></span>1 bar</span> ≡ 100,000 Pa ≡ 100,000 N/m<sup>2</sup>. </p><p>Thus, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠"></span>1 bar</span> is equal to: </p> <ul><li>1,000,000 Ba (<a href="/wiki/Barye" title="Barye">barye</a>) (in <a href="/wiki/Cgs_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Cgs units">cgs units</a>);</li></ul> <p>and 1 bar is approximately equal to: </p> <ul><li>0.98692327 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a></li> <li>14.503774 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">psi</a></li> <li>29.529983 <a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">inHg</a></li> <li>750.06158 <a href="/wiki/Millimetre_of_mercury" title="Millimetre of mercury">mmHg</a></li> <li>750.06168 <a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">Torr</a></li> <li>1019.716 centimetres of water (cmH<sub>2</sub>O) (1 bar approximately corresponds to the <a href="/wiki/Pressure_measurement#Gauge" title="Pressure measurement">gauge pressure</a> of water at a depth of 10 meters).</li></ul> <p>1 <a href="#Usage">millibar</a> (<b>mbar</b>) is equal to: </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> bar</span> (0.001 bar)</li> <li>100 Pa.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Pressure units </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pressure_Units" title="Template:Pressure Units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pressure_Units" title="Template talk:Pressure Units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pressure_Units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pressure Units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">Pascal</a> </th> <th><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Technical_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical atmosphere">Technical atmosphere</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_atmosphere_(unit)" title="Standard atmosphere (unit)">Standard atmosphere</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">Torr</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pound per square inch</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>(Pa) </th> <th>(bar) </th> <th>(at) </th> <th>(atm) </th> <th>(Torr) </th> <th>(lbf/in<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>1 Pa </th> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>1 Pa = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>−5</sup></span> bar </td> <td>1 Pa = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995101970000000000♠"></span>1.0197<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−5</sup></span> at </td> <td>1 Pa = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994986919999999999♠"></span>9.8692<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span> atm </td> <td>1 Pa = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997750060000000000♠"></span>7.5006<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup></span> Torr </td> <td>1 Pa = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6996145037737730000♠"></span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">145</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">037</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">737</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">730</span></span> lbf/in<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>1 bar </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005100000000000000♠"></span>10<sup>5</sup></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000101970000000000♠"></span>1.0197</span> </td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999986920000000000♠"></span>0.986<span style="margin-left:.25em;">92</span></span> </td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002750060000000000♠"></span>750.06</span> </td> <td>= <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001145037737730220♠"></span>14.503<span style="margin-left:.25em;">773</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">773</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">022</span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>1 at </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004980665000000000♠"></span>98<span style="margin-left:.25em;">066</span>.5</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999980665000000000♠"></span>0.980<span style="margin-left:.25em;">665</span></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999967841105354100♠"></span>0.967<span style="margin-left:.25em;">841</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">105</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">3541</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002735559240100000♠"></span>735.559<span style="margin-left:.25em;">2401</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001142233433071203♠"></span>14.223<span style="margin-left:.25em;">343</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">307</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">1203</span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>1 atm </th> <td>≡ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005101325000000000♠"></span>101<span style="margin-left:.25em;">325</span></span> </td> <td>≡ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000101325000000000♠"></span>1.013<span style="margin-left:.25em;">25</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000103319999999999♠"></span>1.0332</span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>760 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001146959487755142♠"></span>14.695<span style="margin-left:.25em;">948</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">775</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">5142</span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>1 Torr </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002133322368421000♠"></span>133.322<span style="margin-left:.25em;">368</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">421</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997133322400000000♠"></span>0.001<span style="margin-left:.25em;">333</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">224</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997135951000000000♠"></span>0.001<span style="margin-left:.25em;">359</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">51</span></span> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">760</span></span>⁠</span> ≈ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997131578900000000♠"></span>0.001<span style="margin-left:.25em;">315</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">789</span></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998193367750000000♠"></span>0.019<span style="margin-left:.25em;">336</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">775</span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>1 lbf/in<sup>2</sup> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003689475729316800♠"></span>6<span style="margin-left:.25em;">894</span>.757<span style="margin-left:.25em;">293</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">168</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998689475730000000♠"></span>0.068<span style="margin-left:.25em;">947</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">573</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998703069580000000♠"></span>0.070<span style="margin-left:.25em;">306</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">958</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998680459640000000♠"></span>0.068<span style="margin-left:.25em;">045</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">964</span></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001517149325720000♠"></span>51.714<span style="margin-left:.25em;">932</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">572</span></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar_(unit)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>bar</i> has its origin in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βάρος</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">baros</i></span>), meaning <a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a>. The unit's official symbol is <b>bar</b>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the earlier symbol <b>b</b> is now deprecated and conflicts with the uses of <b>b</b> denoting the unit <a href="/wiki/Barn_(unit)" title="Barn (unit)">barn</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a>, but it is still encountered, especially as <b>mb</b> (rather than the proper <b>mbar</b>) to denote the millibar. Between 1793 and 1795, the word <i>bar</i> was used for a unit of mass (equal to the modern <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a>) in an early version of the metric system.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar_(unit)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Day5pressureforecast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Day5pressureforecast.png/220px-Day5pressureforecast.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Day5pressureforecast.png/330px-Day5pressureforecast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Day5pressureforecast.png/440px-Day5pressureforecast.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>Map showing atmospheric pressure in mbar or hPa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ReifendruckPruefen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ReifendruckPruefen.jpg/220px-ReifendruckPruefen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ReifendruckPruefen.jpg/330px-ReifendruckPruefen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/ReifendruckPruefen.jpg/440px-ReifendruckPruefen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tire-pressure_gauge" title="Tire-pressure gauge">tire-pressure gauge</a> displaying bar (outside) and <a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">pounds per square inch</a> (inside)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">Atmospheric air pressure</a> where <a href="/wiki/Standard_atmospheric_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard atmospheric pressure">standard atmospheric pressure</a> is defined as 1013.25 mbar, 101.325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a>, 1.01325 bar, which is about 14.7 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">pounds per square inch</a>. Despite the millibar not being an <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> unit, meteorologists and weather reporters worldwide have long measured air pressure in millibar as the values are convenient. After the advent of SI units, some meteorologists began using <a href="/wiki/Hectopascals" class="mw-redirect" title="Hectopascals">hectopascals</a> (symbol hPa) which are numerically equivalent to millibar; for the same reason, the hectopascal is now the standard unit used to express barometric pressures in aviation in most countries. For example, the weather office of <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a> uses kilopascals and hectopascals on their weather maps.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Americans are familiar with the use of the millibar in US reports of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricanes</a> and other cyclonic storms.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fresh water, there is an approximate numerical equivalence between the change in pressure in decibar and the change in depth from the water surface in <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metres</a>. Specifically, an increase of 1 decibar occurs for every 1.019716 m increase in depth. In sea water with respect to the gravity variation, the latitude and the <a href="/wiki/Gravity_anomaly" title="Gravity anomaly">geopotential anomaly</a> the pressure can be converted into metres' depth according to an empirical formula (UNESCO Tech. Paper 44, p. 25).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, decibar is commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Oceanography" title="Oceanography">oceanography</a>. </p><p>In scuba diving, bar is also the most widely used unit to express pressure, e.g. 200 bar being a full standard scuba tank, and depth increments of 10 metre of seawater being equivalent to 1 bar of pressure. </p><p>Many engineers worldwide use the bar as a unit of pressure because, in much of their work, using pascals would involve using very large numbers. In measurement of <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_engineering" title="Vacuum engineering">vacuum engineering</a>, residual pressures are typically given in millibar, although <a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">torr</a> or <a href="/wiki/Millimeter_of_mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="Millimeter of mercury">millimeter of mercury</a> (mmHg) were historically common. </p><p>Pressures resulting from <a href="/wiki/Deflagration" title="Deflagration">deflagrations</a> are often expressed in units of bar.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the automotive field, <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharger</a> boost is often described in bar outside the United States. <a href="/wiki/Cold_inflation_pressure" title="Cold inflation pressure">Tire pressure</a> is often specified in bar. In <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">hydraulic machinery</a> components are rated to the maximum system oil pressure, which is typically in hundreds of bar. For example, 300 bar is common for industrial fixed machinery. </p><p>In the maritime ship industries, pressures in piping systems, such as cooling water systems, is often measured in bar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> has characters for "mb" (<span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+33D4</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㏔</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE MB SMALL</span>), "bar" (<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+3374</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㍴</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE BAR</span>) and <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ミリバール</span></span>(<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+334A</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㍊</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQUARE MIRIBAARU</span>), but they exist only for compatibility with legacy Asian encodings and are not intended to be used in new documents. </p><p>The kilobar, equivalent to 100 MPa, is commonly used in geological systems, particularly in experimental <a href="/wiki/Petrology" title="Petrology">petrology</a>. </p><p>The abbreviations "bar(a)" and "bara" are sometimes used to indicate <a href="/wiki/Pressure_measurement#Absolute,_gauge_and_differential" title="Pressure measurement">absolute pressures</a>, and "bar(g)" and "barg" for <a href="/wiki/Pressure_measurement#Absolute,_gauge_and_differential" title="Pressure measurement">gauge pressures</a>. The usage is deprecated but still prevails in the oil industry (often by capitalized "BarG" and "BarA"). As gauge pressure is relative to the current ambient pressure, which may vary in absolute terms by about 50 mbar, "BarG" and "BarA" are not interconvertible. Fuller descriptions such as "gauge pressure of 2 bars" or "2-bar gauge" are recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-BSI_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar_(unit)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centimetre_or_millimetre_of_water" title="Centimetre or millimetre of water">Centimetre or millimetre of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units#Pressure_or_mechanical_stress" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units § Pressure or mechanical stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metric_units" title="List of metric units">List of metric units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">Metric prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(pressure)#100kPa" title="Orders of magnitude (pressure)">Orders of magnitude (pressure) § 100kPa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar_(unit)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>This article incorporates material from the <a href="/wiki/Citizendium" title="Citizendium">Citizendium</a> article "<a href="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Bar_(unit)" class="extiw" title="citizendium:Bar (unit)">Bar (unit)</a>", which is licensed under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a> but not under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>.</i></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BIPMSI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BIPMSI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BIPMSI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.weatheroffice.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Canadian+Weather+-+Environment+Canada&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Canada&rft.aufirst=Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatheroffice.gc.ca%2Fcanada_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABar+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/sfc/90fwbg.gif">US government atmospheric pressure map</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s.w-x.co/util/image/map/WEB_Current_Weather_Map_1280x720.jpg?v=ap&w=1280&h=720&api=7db9fe61-7414-47b5-9871-e17d87b8b6a0">The Weather Channel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScientific_Committee_on_Oceanic_Research1983" class="citation web cs1">Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0005/000598/059832eb.pdf">"Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412051004/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0005/000598/059832eb.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Algorithms+for+computation+of+fundamental+properties+of+seawater&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Scientific+Committee+on+Oceanic+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0005%2F000598%2F059832eb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABar+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="C.3.3" class="citation book cs1"><i>NFPA 68 Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting</i> (2023 ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NFPA+68+Standard+on+Explosion+Protection+by+Deflagration+Venting&rft.edition=2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABar+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/what-do-the-letters-'g'-and-'a'-denote-after-a-pressure-unit-(faq-pressure)">"What do the letters 'g' and 'a' denote after a pressure unit? (FAQ - Pressure) : FAQs : Reference : National Physical Laboratory"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407204714/http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/what-do-the-letters-'g'-and-'a'-denote-after-a-pressure-unit-(faq-pressure)">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+do+the+letters+%27g%27+and+%27a%27+denote+after+a+pressure+unit%3F+%28FAQ+-+Pressure%29+%3A+FAQs+%3A+Reference+%3A+National+Physical+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npl.co.uk%2Freference%2Ffaqs%2Fwhat-do-the-letters-%27g%27-and-%27a%27-denote-after-a-pressure-unit-%28faq-pressure%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABar+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar_(unit)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/table8.html">Official SI website: Table 8. 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