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aria-controls="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prelude subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-From_Amiens_to_the_Third_Coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Amiens_to_the_Third_Coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>From Amiens to the Third Coalition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Amiens_to_the_Third_Coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting_up_the_opposing_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_up_the_opposing_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Setting up the opposing forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_up_the_opposing_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Grande_Armée_at_Boulogne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Grande_Armée_at_Boulogne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><span><i>La Grande Armée</i></span> at Boulogne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Grande_Armée_at_Boulogne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_and_Austrian_armies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_and_Austrian_armies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Russian and Austrian armies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_and_Austrian_armies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ulm_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulm_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ulm campaign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ulm_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ulm campaign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ulm_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austrian_plans_and_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austrian_plans_and_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Austrian plans and preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austrian_plans_and_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_plans_and_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_plans_and_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>French plans and preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_plans_and_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_French_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_French_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>The French invasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_French_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Wertingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Wertingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Battle of Wertingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Wertingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haslach-Jungingen_and_Elchingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haslach-Jungingen_and_Elchingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Haslach-Jungingen and Elchingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haslach-Jungingen_and_Elchingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Ulm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Ulm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Battle of Ulm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Ulm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Trafalgar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Trafalgar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Battle of Trafalgar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Trafalgar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Austerlitz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Austerlitz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Battle of Austerlitz</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle_of_Austerlitz-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle of Austerlitz subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Austerlitz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preliminaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preliminaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Preliminaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preliminaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battlefield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battlefield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Battlefield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battlefield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_plans_and_dispositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_plans_and_dispositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Allied plans and dispositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_plans_and_dispositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_plans_and_dispositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_plans_and_dispositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>French plans and dispositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_plans_and_dispositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_is_joined" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_is_joined"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Battle is joined</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_is_joined-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"One_sharp_blow_and_the_war_is_over"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"One_sharp_blow_and_the_war_is_over""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>"One sharp blow and the war is over"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"One_sharp_blow_and_the_war_is_over"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endgame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endgame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Endgame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endgame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_Campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Italian Campaigns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Italian_Campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Italian Campaigns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Italian_Campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Venetian_front_or_Italian_campaign_of_1805" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venetian_front_or_Italian_campaign_of_1805"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Venetian front or Italian campaign of 1805</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venetian_front_or_Italian_campaign_of_1805-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_invasion_of_Naples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_invasion_of_Naples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>French invasion of Naples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_invasion_of_Naples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calabrian_insurrection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calabrian_insurrection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Calabrian insurrection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calabrian_insurrection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Casualties_and_losses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties_and_losses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Casualties and losses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties_and_losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">War of the Third Coalition</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB" title="حرب التحالف الثالث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب التحالف الثالث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercer_Coalici%C3%B3n" title="Tercer Coalición – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tercer Coalición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_koalisiya_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="Üçüncü koalisiya müharibəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üçüncü koalisiya müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%86%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="اۆچونجو ائتلاف ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اۆچونجو ائتلاف ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Вайна трэцяй кааліцыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вайна трэцяй кааліцыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Война на Третата коалиция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Война на Третата коалиция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trede_Kenunaniezh" title="Trede Kenunaniezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trede Kenunaniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercera_Coalici%C3%B3" title="Tercera Coalició – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tercera Coalició" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lka_t%C5%99et%C3%AD_koalice" title="Válka třetí koalice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Válka třetí koalice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredje_koalitionskrig" title="Tredje koalitionskrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tredje koalitionskrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dritter_Koalitionskrieg" title="Dritter Koalitionskrieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dritter Koalitionskrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmanda_koalitsiooni_s%C3%B5da" title="Kolmanda koalitsiooni sõda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolmanda koalitsiooni sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%84_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Πόλεμος του Γ΄ Συνασπισμού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόλεμος του Γ΄ Συνασπισμού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercera_Coalici%C3%B3n" title="Tercera Coalición – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tercera Coalición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_de_la_Tria_Koalicio" title="Milito de la Tria Koalicio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Milito de la Tria Koalicio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirugarren_Koalizioko_Gerra" title="Hirugarren Koalizioko Gerra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hirugarren Koalizioko Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="جنگ ائتلاف سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ ائتلاف سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_de_la_troisi%C3%A8me_coalition" title="Guerre de la troisième coalition – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre de la troisième coalition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C3%EC%B0%A8_%EB%8C%80%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9" title="제3차 대프랑스 동맹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제3차 대프랑스 동맹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="तीसरे गुट का युद्ध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तीसरे गुट का युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Koalisi_Ketiga" title="Perang Koalisi Ketiga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Koalisi Ketiga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terza_coalizione" title="Terza coalizione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terza coalizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הקואליציה האנטי-צרפתית השלישית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקואליציה האנטי-צרפתית השלישית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მესამე კოალიციის ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მესამე კოალიციის ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%C5%A1%C4%81s_koal%C4%ABcijas_kar%C5%A1_(1803%E2%80%941806)" title="Trešās koalīcijas karš (1803—1806) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trešās koalīcijas karš (1803—1806)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmadik_koal%C3%ADci%C3%B3s_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Harmadik koalíciós háború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harmadik koalíciós háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Војна на Третата коалиција – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војна на Третата коалиција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="तिसर्‍या संघाचे युद्ध – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिसर्‍या संघाचे युद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Campuran_Ketiga" title="Perang Campuran Ketiga – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Campuran Ketiga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derde_Coalitieoorlog" title="Derde Coalitieoorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Derde Coalitieoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%AF%BE%E4%BB%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="第三次対仏大同盟 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第三次対仏大同盟" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_tredje_koalisjonen" title="Den tredje koalisjonen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den tredje koalisjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_la_Tresena_Coalicion" title="Guèrra de la Tresena Coalicion – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guèrra de la Tresena Coalicion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_koalicja_antyfrancuska" title="III koalicja antyfrancuska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="III koalicja antyfrancuska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_Coliga%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Terceira Coligação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceira Coligação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_celei_de-a_Treia_Coali%C8%9Bii" title="Războiul celei de-a Treia Coaliții – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Războiul celei de-a Treia Coaliții" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Война третьей коалиции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Война третьей коалиции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="War of the Third Coalition" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Трећа коалиција – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трећа коалиција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Tre%C4%87e_koalicije" title="Rat Treće koalicije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rat Treće koalicije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmannen_liittokunnan_sota" title="Kolmannen liittokunnan sota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolmannen liittokunnan sota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredje_koalitionskriget" title="Tredje koalitionskriget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tredje koalitionskriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="สงครามสหสัมพันธมิตรครั้งที่สาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามสหสัมพันธมิตรครั้งที่สาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_Koalisyon" title="Üçüncü Koalisyon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üçüncü Koalisyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7%C3%BCnji_Koalisi%C3%BDa_ur%C5%9Fy" title="Üçünji Koalisiýa urşy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Üçünji Koalisiýa urşy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Війна третьої коаліції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Війна третьої коаліції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Li%C3%AAn_minh_th%E1%BB%A9_Ba" title="Chiến tranh Liên minh thứ Ba – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Liên minh thứ Ba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="第三次反法同盟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第三次反法同盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q249232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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searchaux" style="display:none">1805–1806 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">War of the Third Coalition</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Coalition Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block;"> <figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-top-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="War of the third coalition"><img alt="War of the third coalition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/War_of_the_3rd_coalition.jpg/300px-War_of_the_3rd_coalition.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/War_of_the_3rd_coalition.jpg/450px-War_of_the_3rd_coalition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/War_of_the_3rd_coalition.jpg/600px-War_of_the_3rd_coalition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="990" usemap="#ImageMap_9605c14c4741544f" resource="/wiki/File:War_of_the_3rd_coalition.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_9605c14c4741544f"><area href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulm" shape="rect" coords="0,0,150,112" alt="Battle of Ulm" title="Battle of Ulm" /><area href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" shape="rect" coords="150,0,300,112" alt="Battle of Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar" /><area href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" shape="rect" coords="0,113,150,225" alt="Battle of Dürenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein" /><area href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" shape="rect" coords="150,113,300,225" alt="Battle of Schöngrabern" title="Battle of Schöngrabern" /><area href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" shape="rect" coords="0,225,300,337" alt="Battle of Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz" /></map><figcaption>War of the third coalition</figcaption></figure> </div><br />Click an image to load the appropriate article.<br />Left to right, top to bottom:<br />Battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulm" title="Battle of Ulm">Ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein">Durenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Battle of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Austerlitz</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11 April 1805 – 18 July 1806</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> French victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" 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data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)"><img alt="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria"><img alt="Kingdom of Etruria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Etrurian_Kingdom_and_War_Flag_with_Great_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.svg/23px-Etrurian_Kingdom_and_War_Flag_with_Great_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Etrurian_Kingdom_and_War_Flag_with_Great_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.svg/35px-Etrurian_Kingdom_and_War_Flag_with_Great_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Etrurian_Kingdom_and_War_Flag_with_Great_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.svg/45px-Etrurian_Kingdom_and_War_Flag_with_Great_Royal_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Etruria</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931810)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700–1810)">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria"><img alt="Electorate of Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/15px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/23px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/30px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Wurttflag.png/23px-Wurttflag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Wurttflag.png/35px-Wurttflag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Wurttflag.png/45px-Wurttflag.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Electorate of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Baden_%283%5E2%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_Baden_%283%5E2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Baden_%283%5E2%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_Baden_%283%5E2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Baden_%283%5E2%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_Baden_%283%5E2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Baden" title="Electorate of Baden">Baden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Mack_von_Leiberich" title="Karl Mack von Leiberich">Karl Mack von Leiberich</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_by_natural_causes" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by natural causes">#</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">William Grenville</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Collingwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthbert Collingwood">Cuthbert Collingwood</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Calder" title="Robert Calder">Robert Calder</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Mikhail Kutuzov</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">Pyotr Bagration</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Buxhoeveden" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden">Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies_%281816%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand IV of Naples">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon I</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Augereau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Augereau">Pierre Augereau</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier">Édouard Mortier</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire"><img alt="First French Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Charles_Villeneuve" title="Pierre-Charles Villeneuve">Pierre-Charles Villeneuve</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria"><img alt="Electorate of Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/15px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/23px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/30px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria"><img alt="Electorate of Bavaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/15px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/23px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg/30px-Electoral_Standard_of_Bavaria_%281623-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp_von_Wrede" title="Karl Philipp von Wrede">Karl Philipp von Wrede</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic"><img alt="Batavian Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rutger_Jan_Schimmelpenninck" title="Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck">Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic"><img alt="Batavian Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carel_Hendrik_Ver_Huell" title="Carel Hendrik Ver Huell">Carel Hendrik Ver Huell</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)"><img alt="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Eugène de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federico_Carlos_Gravina_y_Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Federico Carlos Gravina y Napoli">Federico Gravina</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>Austrian Empire:</b><br />20,000 killed or wounded<br />70,000 captured<br /><b>Russia:</b><br />25,000 killed or wounded<br />25,000 captured<br /><b>Naples:</b><br />20,000 killed, wounded or captured<br /><b>Total casualties:</b><br />160,000 killed, wounded or captured</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>France:</b><br />13,500 killed<br />37,000 wounded<br />5,000 captured<br /><b>Italy:</b><br />350 killed<br />1,900 wounded<br /><b>Spain:</b><br />1,200 killed<br />1,600 wounded<br /><b>Bavaria:</b><br />300 killed<br />1,200 wounded<hr /><b>Total casualties:</b><br />62,050 killed, wounded or captured</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Third_Coalition" title="Template:Campaignbox Third Coalition"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Third_Coalition" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Third Coalition"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Third_Coalition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Third Coalition"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_of_the_Third_Coalition3715" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">War of the Third Coalition</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>German campaign</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulm_campaign" title="Ulm campaign"><b>Ulm campaign</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Battle of Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wertingen" title="Battle of Wertingen">Wertingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_G%C3%BCnzburg" title="Battle of Günzburg">Günzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haslach-Jungingen" title="Battle of Haslach-Jungingen">Haslach-Jungingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Memmingen" title="Battle of Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elchingen" title="Battle of Elchingen">Elchingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulm" title="Battle of Ulm">Ulm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mehrnbach" title="Battle of Mehrnbach">Mehrnbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lambach" title="Battle of Lambach">Lambach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steyr" title="Battle of Steyr">Steyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amstetten" title="Battle of Amstetten">Amstetten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariazell" title="Battle of Mariazell">Mariazell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein">Dürenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Dornbirn" title="Capitulation of Dornbirn">Dornbirn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Battle of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wischau" title="Battle of Wischau">Wischau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz"><b>Austerlitz</b></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Italian campaign</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verona_(1805)" title="Battle of Verona (1805)">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Caldiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forano" title="Battle of Forano">Forano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castelfranco_Veneto" title="Battle of Castelfranco Veneto">Castelfranco Veneto</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Naples_(1806)" title="Invasion of Naples (1806)">Invasion of Naples</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1806)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1806)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Campo Tenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maida" title="Battle of Maida">Maida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabrian_insurrection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calabrian insurrection (page does not exist)">Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mileto" title="Battle of Mileto">Mileto</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_campaign" title="Trafalgar campaign">Trafalgar campaign</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diamond_Rock" title="Battle of Diamond Rock">Diamond Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_(1805)" title="Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar"><b>Trafalgar</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ortegal" title="Battle of Cape Ortegal">Cape Ortegal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Expedition" title="Hanover Expedition">Hanover Expedition</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt>Other battles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blanc-Nez_and_Gris-Nez" title="Battle of Blanc-Nez and Gris-Nez">Battle of Blanc-Nez and Gris-Nez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Boulogne" title="Raid on Boulogne">Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples" title="Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples">Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battles_of_Wonau_and_Stecken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battles of Wonau and Stecken (page does not exist)">Wonau and Stecken</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battles_of_Lippa_and_St._Mathia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battles of Lippa and St. Mathia (page does not exist)">Lippa and St. Mathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Blaauwberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_campaign_of_1806" title="Atlantic campaign of 1806">Atlantic campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Napoleonic_Wars7609" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Napoleonic_Wars7609" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars"><span class="wrap">Napoleonic Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796%E2%80%931808)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)">Anglo-Spanish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Swedish_War" title="Franco-Swedish War">Franco-Swedish War</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Fourth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Wars_(Scandinavia)" title="English Wars (Scandinavia)">English Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_War" title="Gunboat War">Gunboat War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_of_1808%E2%80%931809" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809">Dano-Swedish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Turkish_War_(1807%E2%80%931809)" title="Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)">Anglo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">Fifth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Polish_War" title="Austro-Polish War">Austro-Polish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Swedish_War_(1810%E2%80%931812)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)">Anglo-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_(1813%E2%80%931814)" title="Dano-Swedish War (1813–1814)">Dano-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)">Swedish-Norwegian War</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Seventh Coalition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_War" title="Neapolitan War">Neapolitan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_campaign" title="Waterloo campaign">Waterloo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_campaigns_of_1815" title="Minor campaigns of 1815">Minor campaigns of 1815</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Local Insurrections</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-french_rebellions_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-french rebellions in Italy (page does not exist)">Anti-French rebellions in Italy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insorgenze_antifrancesi_in_Italia" class="extiw" title="it:Insorgenze antifrancesi in Italia">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1806)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1806)">Polish uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare_in_the_Peninsular_War" title="Guerrilla warfare in the Peninsular War">Spanish revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portuguese uprising (page does not exist)">Portuguese revolts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoltas_populares_contra_a_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_francesa" class="extiw" title="pt:Revoltas populares contra a ocupação francesa">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_Rebellion" title="Tyrolean Rebellion">Tyrolean Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1809_Gottscheer_rebellion" title="1809 Gottscheer rebellion">1809 Gottscheer rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorlaberg_insurrection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorlaberg insurrection (page does not exist)">Vorarlberg insurrection</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorarlberger_Volkserhebung_1809" class="extiw" title="de:Vorarlberger Volkserhebung 1809">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Uprising_(1809)" title="Galician Uprising (1809)">Galician Uprising (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisan_movement_in_the_Patriotic_War_of_1812&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisan movement in the Patriotic War of 1812 (page does not exist)">Russian partisan revolts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5_1812_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Партизанское движение в Отечественной войне 1812 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Revolution_of_1813&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch Revolution of 1813 (page does not exist)">Dutch Insurrection</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omwenteling_van_1813" class="extiw" title="nl:Omwenteling van 1813">nl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vendean_and_Chouan_Revolts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vendean and Chouan Revolts (page does not exist)">Vendean and Chouan Revolts (1815)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_de_Vend%C3%A9e_et_Chouannerie_de_1815" class="extiw" title="fr:Guerre de Vendée et Chouannerie de 1815">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linois%27s_expedition_to_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Linois's expedition to the Indian Ocean">Linois's expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_campaign_of_1803%E2%80%931810" title="Caribbean campaign of 1803–1810">Caribbean campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troude%27s_expedition_to_the_Caribbean" title="Troude's expedition to the Caribbean">Troude's expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquebert%27s_expedition_to_the_Caribbean" title="Roquebert's expedition to the Caribbean">Roquebert's expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allemand%27s_expedition_of_1805" title="Allemand's expedition of 1805">Allemand's expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Hermite%27s_expedition" title="L'Hermite's expedition">L'Hermite's expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamellerie%27s_expedition" title="Lamellerie's expedition">Lamellerie's expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Archipelago_Expedition" title="Second Archipelago Expedition">Senyavin's expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalmatian_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalmatian campaign (page does not exist)">Dalmatian campaigns</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagne_de_Dalmatie" class="extiw" title="fr:Campagne de Dalmatie">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">Adriatic campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_campaign_of_1806%E2%80%931807" title="Java campaign of 1806–1807">1st Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_invasions_of_the_River_Plate" title="British invasions of the River Plate">River Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Spice_Islands" title="Invasion of the Spice Islands">Spice Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_campaign_of_1809%E2%80%931811" title="Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811">Mauritius campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Java_(1811)" title="Invasion of Java (1811)">2nd Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_invasion_of_the_Banda_Oriental_(1811%E2%80%931812)" title="Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812)">Banda Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_3_February_1812" title="Action of 3 February 1812">Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 304px;"><div class="center" style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></div><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 220px; width: 304px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 304px; height: 220px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm" data-width="304" data-height="220" data-zoom="3" data-lat="50" data-lon="14" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/50/14/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,3,50,14,304x220.png?lang=en" width="304" height="220" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm,3,50,14,304x220@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: -42px; left: 0px; width: 304px; height: 304px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 103px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 202px; left: 291px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 202px; left: 194px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 176px; left: 242.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/52px-Mapscaleline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/78px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/104px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="18" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 175.875px; left: 288px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: grey; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> 1000km<br />620miles</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 97.33526723028px; left: 90.477274251739px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 98.33526723028px; left: 86.977274251739px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Waterloo</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 97.33526723028px; left: 97.977274251739px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">9</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 97.33526723028px; left: 90.477274251739px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days"><img alt="Hundred Days 1815:...Waterloo..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 111.87854681686px; left: 84.97177353854px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 112.87854681686px; left: 81.47177353854px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> France</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 111.87854681686px; left: 92.47177353854px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">8</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 111.87854681686px; left: 84.97177353854px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition"><img alt="Sixth Coalition: France 1814:...Paris..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 92.71005093572px; left: 142.95157792441px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 93.71005093572px; left: 139.45157792441px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 92.71005093572px; left: 150.45157792441px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">7</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 92.71005093572px; left: 142.95157792441px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition"><img alt="Sixth Coalition: Germany 1813:...Leipzig..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 47.261057659232px; left: 280.01560609675px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 48.261057659232px; left: 276.51560609675px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Russia</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 47.261057659232px; left: 287.51560609675px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">6</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 47.261057659232px; left: 280.01560609675px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia"><img alt="French invasion of Russia 1812:...Moscow..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 117.68258793374px; left: 158.83724144062px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 118.68258793374px; left: 177.33724144062px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Austria</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 117.68258793374px; left: 166.33724144062px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">5</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 117.68258793374px; left: 158.83724144062px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition"><img alt="Fifth Coalition: Austria 1809:...Wagram..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 180.26074299493px; left: 42.877632668876px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 181.26074299493px; left: 61.377632668876px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Spain</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 180.26074299493px; left: 50.377632668876px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">4</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 180.26074299493px; left: 42.877632668876px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War"><img alt="Peninsular War: Spain 1808...Vitoria..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 192.83588072854px; left: 11.737144259847px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 193.83588072854px; left: 30.237144259847px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Portugal</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 192.83588072854px; left: 19.237144259847px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">3</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 192.83588072854px; left: 11.737144259847px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War"><img alt="Peninsular War: Portugal 1807...Torres Vedras..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 78.89833993933px; left: 141.11641102001px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 79.89833993933px; left: 159.61641102001px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Prussia</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 78.89833993933px; left: 148.61641102001px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">2</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 78.89833993933px; left: 141.11641102001px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition"><img alt="Fourth Coalition: Prussia 1806:...Jena..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 1px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #FFFFFFFF; top: 116.217173447px; left: 121.44571576348px; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: #105396; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 114.217173447px; left: 128.94571576348px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #105396; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Germany</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; top: 116.217173447px; left: 128.94571576348px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%); background-color:transparent; color:inherit; line-height: 1.2;"><span style="color: white; font-size: 12px; font-weight:bold;">1</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 116.217173447px; left: 121.44571576348px; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz"><img alt="Third Coalition: Germany 1803:...Austerlitz..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/27px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/36px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 268px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/50/14/en" data-zoom="4" data-lat="50" data-lon="14" data-overlays="["_c2cc398e1c2f57256ff5f8f04ebfc78f94c85323"]"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Click for interactive fullscreen map with links to nearby articles"> </span></a></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Key:<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">1</span></div> Third Coalition: Germany 1803:...<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Austerlitz</a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">2</span></div> <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Fourth Coalition</a>: Prussia 1806:...<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena%E2%80%93Auerstedt" title="Battle of Jena–Auerstedt">Jena</a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">3</span></div> <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>: Portugal 1807...<a href="/wiki/Lines_of_Torres_Vedras" title="Lines of Torres Vedras"><i>Torres Vedras</i></a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">4</span></div> <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>: Spain 1808...<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria"><i>Vitoria</i></a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">5</span></div> <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">Fifth Coalition</a>: Austria 1809:...<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Wagram</a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">6</span></div> <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> 1812:...<a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Moscow" title="French occupation of Moscow">Moscow</a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">7</span></div> <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a>: <a href="/wiki/German_campaign_of_1813" title="German campaign of 1813">Germany 1813</a>:...<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Leipzig</a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">8</span></div> <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a>: <a href="/wiki/Campaign_in_north-east_France_(1814)" title="Campaign in north-east France (1814)">France 1814</a>:...<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Paris</a>...<br /><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:95%;padding:0px 3px;border-radius:8px;background-color:#105396"><span style="color:white;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold">9</span></div> <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a> 1815:...<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a>...</div></div></div> <p>The <b>War of the Third Coalition</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Guerre de la Troisième Coalition</i>) was a European conflict lasting from 1805 to 1806 and was the first conflict of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. During the war, <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_client_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="French client republic">its client states</a> under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> and its ally <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> opposed an alliance, the Third Coalition, which was made up of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> remained neutral during the war. </p><p>Britain had already been at war with France following the breakdown of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Peace of Amiens</a> and remained the only country still at war with France after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pressburg_(1805)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pressburg (1805)">Treaty of Pressburg</a>. From 1803 to 1805, Britain stood under constant threat of a <a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">French invasion</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, however, assured its naval dominance at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</a> in October 1805. </p><p>The Third Coalition itself came to full fruition in 1804–05 as Napoleon's actions in Italy and Germany (notably the arrest and execution of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Duc d'Enghien</a>) spurred Austria and Russia into joining Britain against France. The war would be determined on the continent, and the major land operations that sealed the swift French victory involved the <a href="/wiki/Ulm_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulm Campaign">Ulm Campaign</a>, a large wheeling manoeuvre by the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a></i></span> lasting from late August to mid-October 1805 that captured an entire Austrian army, and the decisive French victory over a combined Austro-Russian force under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a> in early December. Austerlitz effectively brought the Third Coalition to an end, although later there was a small side campaign against Naples, which also resulted in a decisive French victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Battle of Campo Tenese</a>. </p><p>On 26 December 1805, Austria and France signed the Treaty of Pressburg, which took Austria out of both the war and the Coalition, while it reinforced the earlier treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Campo Formio</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Lunéville</a> between the two powers. The treaty confirmed the Austrian cession of lands in Italy to France and in Germany to Napoleon's German allies, imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs, and allowed the defeated Russian troops free passage, with their arms and equipment, through hostile territories and back to their home soil. Victory at Austerlitz also prompted Napoleon to create the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a>, a collection of German client states that pledged themselves to raise an army of 63,000 men. As a direct consequence of those events, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire">ceased to exist</a> when, in 1806, <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> abdicated the Imperial throne, becoming Francis I, Emperor of Austria. Those achievements, however, did not establish a lasting peace on the continent. Austerlitz had driven neither Russia nor Britain, whose fleet protected Sicily from a French invasion, to cease fighting. Meanwhile, Prussian worries about the growing French influence in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> sparked the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> in 1806. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Periodisation">Periodisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Periodisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historians differ on when the War of the Third Coalition began and when it ended. From the British perspective, the war started when Britain declared war on France on 18 May 1803, but it was still on its own. It was not until December 1804 when Sweden entered into an alliance with the United Kingdom, not until 11 April 1805 when Russia joined the alliance, not until 16 July when Britain and Russia ratified their treaty of alliance, and only thereafter Austria (9 August) and Naples–Sicily (11 September) completed the fully-fledged coalition. </p><p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> sided with France on 25 August following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bogenhausen" title="Treaty of Bogenhausen">Treaty of Bogenhausen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Electorate of Württemberg">Württemberg</a> joined Napoleon on 5 September. No major hostilities between France and any member of the coalition other than Britain (<a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_campaign" title="Trafalgar campaign">Trafalgar campaign</a> March–November 1805) occurred until the <a href="/wiki/Ulm_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulm Campaign">Ulm Campaign</a> (25 September – 20 October 1805). This was in part because <a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom</a> was not called off until 27 August 1805, when he decided to use his invasion force <a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Boulogne" title="Camp of Boulogne">camped at Boulogne</a> against Austria instead. </p><p>Likewise, no major battles occurred after the Battle of Austerlitz and the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Pressburg_(1805)" title="Peace of Pressburg (1805)">Peace of Pressburg</a> on 26 December 1805, which forced Austria to leave the Third Coalition and cease hostilities against France. Some historians conclude that Austria's departure "shattered the fragile Third Coalition" and "ended the War of the Third Coalition".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenberg2017168_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg2017168-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This narrative leaves out the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Naples_(1806)" title="Invasion of Naples (1806)">French invasion of Naples</a> (February–July 1806), which the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples" title="Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples">occupying Anglo-Russian troops hastily evacuated</a> and the remaining Neapolitan forces relatively quickly surrendered. Other scholars argue the southern Italian campaign should be included into the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a>, and criticise ignoring the Mediterranean front by only focusing on land battles in Central Europe and the Trafalgar campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagedas2005120–122_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagedas2005120–122-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Amiens_to_the_Third_Coalition">From Amiens to the Third Coalition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: From Amiens to the Third Coalition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1802, hostilities between France and the Allies came to an end. However it was clear to the leading European politicians, and especially to Napoleon, that the peace treaties of Lunéville (1801) and Amiens (1802), which ended the Second War of Coalition, were not a lasting solution. Tensions between Napoleon-ruled France and Great Britain had been rising again since the second half of 1802. The fact that Napoleon played an active role in the Caribbean contributed to this. There were also indications that he was once again interested in Egypt and the Middle East. There were reports in French newspapers that 10,000 men would be enough to reconquer Egypt. In Italy, Napoleon increased his influence when he transformed the Cisalpine Republic into the Italian Republic and made himself president. He annexed Piedmont to France. Contrary to the peace treaty of Amiens, the French army was not withdrawn from the Netherlands; instead, the Batavian Republic was given a new constitution based on the French model. The Helvetic Republic was also closely dependent on France. Napoleon had given the country a new federalist constitution with the Act of Mediation. At the same time, the country had had to bind itself politically to France for fifty years. </p><p>The peace treaty stipulated that Great Britain was to return all conquered territories except Ceylon and Trinidad to their respective previous owners. Minorca to Spain and Malta to the Order of St. John. In return, France was to leave Egypt and Naples and guarantee the independence of Portugal and the Ionian Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966319–320_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966319–320-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to prevent Napoleon from advancing further into the Levant, it was necessary for Great Britain to keep Malta and a fleet in the Mediterranean. Russia's interest in Malta offered Napoleon an ideal opportunity for a war in which he hoped to play Britain and Russia off against each other. Napoleon indirectly threatened war on 13 March 1803 when he criticized Britain's violation of the peace treaty to the British ambassador Lord Whitworth. The ambassador returned to London and shortly afterwards, on May 18, Great Britain declared war on France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger2004528_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger2004528-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneid200557_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneid200557-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting_up_the_opposing_forces">Setting up the opposing forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Setting up the opposing forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Napoleon crowned himself Emperor on December 2, 1804, Austria and Prussia may have been alarmed, but the annexed Italian city-states of Genoa, Parma and Piacenza and his coronation as King of Italy left no doubt as to Napoleon's intentions. On January 21, 1805, Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger presented a treaty of alliance with Russia and Austria. The demands of this treaty were the restoration of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, the withdrawal of French troops from Italy, the dissolution of the Batavian Republic and the restoration of Switzerland's independence. In the event of Napoleon's refusal, England would support the coalition forces financially. After all difficulties had been resolved, Great Britain, Austria and Russia signed a treaty on August 9, 1805, forming the third coalition against Napoleon. Prussia remained neutral.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneid200583–87_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneid200583–87-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other side, Napoleon built an alliance of various southern German members of the Holy Roman Empire. These included Württemberg, Bavaria and Baden, which benefited from the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803. These enlarged states were in line with Napoleon's calculations. They were to weaken Austria, but were themselves too weak to pose a threat to France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGotthard2003160_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGotthard2003160-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Grande_Armée_at_Boulogne"><span id="La_Grande_Arm.C3.A9e_at_Boulogne"></span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Grande Armée</i></span> at Boulogne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: La Grande Armée at Boulogne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inspecting_the_Troops_at_Boulogne,_15_August_1804.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Inspecting_the_Troops_at_Boulogne%2C_15_August_1804.png/220px-Inspecting_the_Troops_at_Boulogne%2C_15_August_1804.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Inspecting_the_Troops_at_Boulogne%2C_15_August_1804.png/330px-Inspecting_the_Troops_at_Boulogne%2C_15_August_1804.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Inspecting_the_Troops_at_Boulogne%2C_15_August_1804.png/440px-Inspecting_the_Troops_at_Boulogne%2C_15_August_1804.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Inspecting the troops at Boulogne, 15 August 1804</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the formation of the Third Coalition, Napoleon had assembled the <i>Army of England</i>, an invasion force meant to strike at England, from around six camps at <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne</a> in Northern France. Although they never set foot on British soil, Napoleon's troops received careful and invaluable training for any possible military operation. Boredom among the troops occasionally set in, but Napoleon paid many visits and conducted lavish parades in order to boost the morale of the soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966323_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966323-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The men at Boulogne formed the core for what Napoleon would later call <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="La Grande Armée">La Grande Armée</a></i></span> ("The Great Army"). At the start, this French army had about 200,000 men organized into seven <a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">corps</a>, each capable of independent action or in concert with other corps. Corps were large combined arms field units typically containing 2–4 infantry divisions, a cavalry division, and about 36 to 40 <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a>. </p><p>On top of these forces, Napoleon created a <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> reserve of 22,000 organized into two <a href="/wiki/Cuirassier" title="Cuirassier">cuirassier</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>, four mounted <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoon</a> divisions, and two divisions of dismounted dragoons and light cavalry, all supported by 24 <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> pieces. By 1805, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grande Armée</i></span> had grown to a force of 350,000, was well equipped, adequately trained, and possessed a skilled officer class.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966332–333_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966332–333-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_and_Austrian_armies">Russian and Austrian armies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Russian and Austrian armies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> in 1805 had many characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">ancien régime</a> military organization: there was no permanent formation above the regimental level, senior officers were largely recruited from aristocratic circles (including foreigners), and the Russian soldier, in line with 18th-century practice, was regularly beaten and punished to instill discipline. Furthermore, many lower-level officers were poorly trained and had difficulty getting their men to perform the sometimes complex manoeuvres required in a battle. Nevertheless, the Russians did have a fine artillery arm manned by soldiers who regularly fought hard to prevent their pieces from falling into enemy hands. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a>, brother of the Austrian Emperor, had started to reform the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Army_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor">Austrian army</a> in 1801 by taking away power from the <a href="/wiki/Hofkriegsrat" title="Hofkriegsrat">Hofkriegsrat</a>, the military-political council responsible for decision-making in the Austrian armed forces. Charles was Austria's best field commander, <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUffindell2003155_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUffindell2003155-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he was unpopular with the imperial court and lost much influence when, against his advice, Austria decided to go to war with France. <a href="/wiki/Karl_Mack" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Mack">Karl Mack</a> became the new main commander in Austria's army, instituting reforms on the infantry on the eve of war that called for a regiment to be composed of four <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> of four <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a> rather than the older three battalions of six companies. The sudden change came with no corresponding officer training, and as a result, these new units were not led as well as they could have been. Austrian cavalry forces were regarded as the best in Europe, but the detachment of many cavalry units to various infantry formations precluded the hitting power of their massed French counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200431–33_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200431–33-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ulm_campaign">Ulm campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ulm campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ulm_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulm Campaign">Ulm Campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strategic_Situation_of_Europe_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Strategic_Situation_of_Europe_1805.jpg/300px-Strategic_Situation_of_Europe_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Strategic_Situation_of_Europe_1805.jpg/450px-Strategic_Situation_of_Europe_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Strategic_Situation_of_Europe_1805.jpg/600px-Strategic_Situation_of_Europe_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>The strategic situation in Europe in 1805 before the start of the Ulm Campaign and the war</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1805, Napoleon, <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">Emperor of the French</a> since May of the previous year, turned his army's sights from the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> in order to deal with the new Austrian and Russian threats. The War of the Third Coalition began with the Ulm Campaign, a series of French and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavarian</a> military manoeuvres and battles designed to outflank an Austrian army under General Mack. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austrian_plans_and_preparations">Austrian plans and preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Austrian plans and preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General Mack thought that Austrian security relied on sealing off the gaps through the mountainous <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> area in Southern Germany that had witnessed much fighting during the campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars. Mack believed that there would be no action in Central Germany. Mack decided to make the city of <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a> the centrepiece of his defensive strategy, which called for containment of the French until the Russians under <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Mikhail Kutuzov</a> could arrive and alter the odds against Napoleon. Ulm was protected by the heavily fortified Michelsberg heights, giving Mack the impression that the city was virtually impregnable from outside attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200436_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200436-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fatally, the <a href="/wiki/Aulic_Council" title="Aulic Council">Aulic Council</a> decided to make Northern Italy the main theatre of operations for the Austrian army. <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a> was assigned 95,000 troops and directed to cross the <a href="/wiki/Adige" title="Adige">Adige</a> river with <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peschiera_del_Garda" title="Peschiera del Garda">Peschiera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> as the initial objectives.<a href="/wiki/Archduke_Johann_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Johann of Austria">Archduke John</a> was given 23,000 troops and commanded to secure <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a> while serving as a link between his brother, Charles, and his cousin, Archduke <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Joseph_of_Austria-Este" title="Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este">Ferdinand</a>; the latter's force of 72,000, which was to invade Bavaria and hold the defensive line at Ulm, was effectively controlled by Mack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966382_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966382-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>The Austrians also detached individual corps to serve with the Swedish in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania" title="Swedish Pomerania">Pomerania</a> and the British in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, though these were designed to obfuscate the French and divert their resources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_plans_and_preparations">French plans and preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: French plans and preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulm_campaign_-_Invasion_of_Bavaria_and_French_assembly_on_the_Rhine,_2-25_September_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ulm_campaign_-_Invasion_of_Bavaria_and_French_assembly_on_the_Rhine%2C_2-25_September_1805.jpg/300px-Ulm_campaign_-_Invasion_of_Bavaria_and_French_assembly_on_the_Rhine%2C_2-25_September_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ulm_campaign_-_Invasion_of_Bavaria_and_French_assembly_on_the_Rhine%2C_2-25_September_1805.jpg/450px-Ulm_campaign_-_Invasion_of_Bavaria_and_French_assembly_on_the_Rhine%2C_2-25_September_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ulm_campaign_-_Invasion_of_Bavaria_and_French_assembly_on_the_Rhine%2C_2-25_September_1805.jpg/600px-Ulm_campaign_-_Invasion_of_Bavaria_and_French_assembly_on_the_Rhine%2C_2-25_September_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3767" data-file-height="2927" /></a><figcaption>The French concentrated around the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> from early to mid-September. 210,000 troops of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a></i></span> prepared to cross into Germany and encircle the Austrians.</figcaption></figure> <p>In both the campaigns of 1796 and 1800, Napoleon had envisaged the Danube theatre as the central focus of French efforts, but in both instances, the Italian theatre became the most important. The Aulic Council thought Napoleon would strike in Italy again. Napoleon had other intentions: 210,000 French troops would be launched eastwards from the camps of Boulogne and would envelop General Mack's exposed Austrian army if it kept marching towards the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Marshal Murat</a> would conduct cavalry screens across the Black Forest to fool the Austrians into thinking that the French were advancing on a direct west–east axis. The main attack in Germany would be supported by French assaults in other theatres: Marshal <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">Masséna</a> would confront Archduke Charles in Italy with 50,000 men, Marshal <a href="/wiki/Laurent,_marquis_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurent, marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">St. Cyr</a> would march to Naples with 20,000 men, and Marshal <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Marie_Anne_Brune" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Marie Anne Brune">Brune</a> would patrol Boulogne with 30,000 troops against a possible British invasion. </p><p>Marshal <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a> and General <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gratien,_Comte_Bertrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Gratien, Comte Bertrand">Bertrand</a> conducted reconnaissance between the area bordering the Tyrol and the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> as General <a href="/wiki/Anne_Jean_Marie_Ren%C3%A9_Savary" title="Anne Jean Marie René Savary">Savary</a>, chief of the planning staff, drew up detailed road surveys of the areas between the Rhine and the Danube. The left-wing of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grande Armée</i></span> would move from <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> to fall on Württemberg; the right and centre, troops from the Channel coast, would concentrate along the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a> around cities like <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>. While Murat was making demonstrations across the Black Forest, other French forces would then invade the German heartland and swing towards the southeast by capturing <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, a move that was supposed to isolate Mack and interrupt the Austrian lines of communication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966385_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966385-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_French_invasion">The French invasion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The French invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulm_campaign_-_French_strategic_envelopment,_26_September-9_October_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ulm_campaign_-_French_strategic_envelopment%2C_26_September-9_October_1805.jpg/300px-Ulm_campaign_-_French_strategic_envelopment%2C_26_September-9_October_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ulm_campaign_-_French_strategic_envelopment%2C_26_September-9_October_1805.jpg/450px-Ulm_campaign_-_French_strategic_envelopment%2C_26_September-9_October_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ulm_campaign_-_French_strategic_envelopment%2C_26_September-9_October_1805.jpg/600px-Ulm_campaign_-_French_strategic_envelopment%2C_26_September-9_October_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3767" data-file-height="2904" /></a><figcaption>The French invasion in late September and early October caught the Austrians unprepared and severed their lines of communication.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 22 September, Mack decided to hold the <a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller</a> line anchored on Ulm. In the last three days of September, the French began the furious marches that would find them at the Austrian rear. Mack believed that the French would not violate Prussian territory, but when he heard that <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Bernadotte</a>'s I Corps had marched through Prussian <a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a>, he made the critical decision to stay and defend Ulm rather than retreat to the south, which would have offered a reasonable opportunity at saving the bulk of his forces. Napoleon had little accurate information about Mack's intentions or manoeuvres. He knew that <a href="/wiki/Michael_von_Kienmayer" title="Michael von Kienmayer">Kienmayer</a>'s Corps was sent to <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a> east of the French positions, but his agents greatly exaggerated its size. </p><p>On 5 October, Napoleon ordered Marshal <a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Ney</a> to join Marshals <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Lannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Jean_de_Dieu_Soult" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult">Soult</a>, and Murat in concentrating and crossing the Danube at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Battle of Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a>. The French encirclement was not deep enough to prevent Kienmayer's escape: the French corps did not all arrive at the same place – they instead deployed on a long west–east axis – and the early arrival of Soult and <a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Davout</a> at Donauwörth incited Kienmayer to exercise caution and evasion.Napoleon gradually became more convinced that the Austrians were massed at Ulm and ordered sizeable portions of the French army to concentrate around Donauwörth; on 6 October, three French infantry and cavalry corps headed to Donauwörth to seal off Mack's escape route.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKagan2006389,_393,_395_397_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKagan2006389,_393,_395_397-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Wertingen">Battle of Wertingen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Battle of Wertingen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm,_7-9_October_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_7-9_October_1805.jpg/300px-Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_7-9_October_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_7-9_October_1805.jpg/450px-Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_7-9_October_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_7-9_October_1805.jpg/600px-Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_7-9_October_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3767" data-file-height="2889" /></a><figcaption>The strategic situation from 7 to 9 October. With <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Illarionovich_Kutuzov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov">Kutuzov</a> too far away to offer significant aid, the Austrians found themselves in a precarious position.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wertingen" title="Battle of Wertingen">Battle of Wertingen</a></div> <p>Realizing the danger of his position, Mack decided to go on the offensive. On 8 October, he commanded the army to concentrate around <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnzburg" title="Günzburg">Günzburg</a> and hoped to strike at Napoleon's lines of communication. Mack instructed Kienmayer to draw Napoleon further east towards <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and Augsburg. Napoleon did not seriously consider the possibility that Mack would cross the Danube and move away from his central base, but he did realize that seizing the bridges at Günzburg would yield a large strategic advantage. To accomplish this objective, Napoleon sent Ney's Corps to Günzburg, completely unaware that the bulk of the Austrian army was heading to the same destination. On 8 October, however, the campaign witnessed its first serious battle at <a href="/wiki/Wertingen" title="Wertingen">Wertingen</a> between Auffenburg's troops and those of Murat and Lannes. </p><p>For reasons not entirely clear, Mack ordered Auffenburg on 7 October to take his division of 5,000 infantry and 400 cavalry from Günzburg to Wertingen in preparation for the main Austrian advance out of Ulm. Uncertain of what to do and having little hope for reinforcements, Auffenburg was in a dangerous position. The first French forces to arrive were Murat's cavalry divisions – Klein's 1st Dragoons, Beaumont 3rd Dragoons, and Nansouty's <a href="/wiki/Cuirassier" title="Cuirassier">cuirassiers</a>. They began to assault the Austrian positions and were soon joined by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oudinot" title="Nicolas Oudinot">Oudinot</a>'s grenadiers, who were hoping to outflank the Austrians from the north and west. Auffenburg attempted a retreat to the southwest, but he was not quick enough: the Austrians were decimated, losing nearly their entire force, 1,000 to 2,000 of which were prisoners. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wertingen" title="Battle of Wertingen">Battle of Wertingen</a> had been an easy French victory. </p><p>The actions at Wertingen convinced Mack to operate on the left bank of the Danube instead of making a direct eastwards retreat on the right bank. This would require the Austrian army to cross at Günzburg. On 8 October, Ney was operating under Marshal <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre_Berthier" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Alexandre Berthier">Berthier</a>'s directions that called for a direct attack on Ulm the following day. Ney sent in Malher's 3rd Division to capture the Günzburg bridges over the Danube. A column of this division ran into some Tyrolean <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4ger_(infantry)" title="Jäger (infantry)">jägers</a> and captured 200 of them, including their commander General <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Ghilian_Karl_d%27Aspr%C3%A9" title="Konstantin Ghilian Karl d'Aspré">d'Aspré</a>, along with two cannons. </p><p>The Austrians noticed these developments and reinforced their positions around Günzburg with three infantry battalions and 20 cannons. Malher's division conducted several heroic attacks against the Austrian positions, but all failed. Mack then sent in <a href="/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_Gyulay" title="Ignác Gyulay">Ignác Gyulay</a> with seven infantry battalions and fourteen cavalry squadrons to repair the destroyed bridges, but this force was charged and swept away by the delayed French 59th Infantry Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKagan2006400,_402,_404,_408–409_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKagan2006400,_402,_404,_408–409-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fierce fighting ensued and the French finally managed to establish a foothold on the right bank of the Danube. While the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_G%C3%BCnzburg" title="Battle of Günzburg">Battle of Günzburg</a> was being fought, Ney sent General Loison's 2nd Division to capture the Danube bridges at <a href="/wiki/Elchingen" title="Elchingen">Elchingen</a>, which were lightly defended by the Austrians. Having lost most of the Danube bridges, Mack marched his army back to Ulm. By 10 October, Ney's corps had made significant progress: Malher's division had crossed to the right bank, Loison's division held Elchingen, and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dupont_de_l%27%C3%89tang" title="Pierre Dupont de l'Étang">Dupont</a>'s division was heading towards Ulm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haslach-Jungingen_and_Elchingen">Haslach-Jungingen and Elchingen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Haslach-Jungingen and Elchingen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haslach-Jungingen" title="Battle of Haslach-Jungingen">Battle of Haslach-Jungingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elchingen" title="Battle of Elchingen">Battle of Elchingen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm,_11-14_October_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_11-14_October_1805.jpg/300px-Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_11-14_October_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_11-14_October_1805.jpg/450px-Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_11-14_October_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_11-14_October_1805.jpg/600px-Ulm_campaign_-_Engagements_around_Ulm%2C_11-14_October_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3813" data-file-height="2934" /></a><figcaption>The strategic situation from 11 to 14 October. The French hurl themselves westwards to capture the Austrian army.</figcaption></figure> <p>The demoralized Austrian army arrived at Ulm in the early hours of 10 October. Mack was deliberating about a course of action to pursue and the Austrian army remained inactive at Ulm until the 11th. Meanwhile, Napoleon was operating under flawed assumptions: he believed the Austrians were moving to the east or southeast and that Ulm was lightly guarded. Ney sensed this misapprehension and wrote to Berthier that Ulm was, in fact, more heavily defended than the French originally thought. During this time, the Russian threat to the east began to preoccupy Napoleon so much that Murat was given command of the right wing of the army, consisting of Ney's and Lannes's corps. The French were separated in two massive rings at this point: the forces of Ney, Lannes and Murat to the west were containing Mack, while those of Soult, Davout, Bernadotte and <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Marmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Marmont">Marmont</a> to the east were charged with guarding against any possible Russian and Austrian incursions. On 11 October, Ney made a renewed push on Ulm; the 2nd and 3rd divisions were to march to the city along the right bank of the Danube while Dupont's division, supported by one dragoons division, was to march directly for Ulm and seize the entire city. The orders were hopeless because Ney still did not know that the entire Austrian army was stationed at Ulm. </p><p>The 32nd Infantry Regiment in Dupont's division marched from <a href="/wiki/Haslach_im_Kinzigtal" title="Haslach im Kinzigtal">Haslach</a> towards Ulm and ran into four Austrian regiments holding Bolfingen. The 32nd carried out several ferocious attacks, but the Austrians held firm and repulsed every single one of them. The Austrians flooded the battle with more cavalry and infantry regiments to <a href="/wiki/Jungingen" title="Jungingen">Jungingen</a> hoping to score a knockout blow against Ney's corps by enveloping Dupont's force. Dupont sensed what was happening and preempted the Austrians by launching a surprise attack on Jungingen that captured at least 1,000 prisoners. Renewed Austrian attacks drove these forces back to Haslach, which the French managed to hold. Dupont was eventually forced to fall back on Albeck, where he joined <a href="/wiki/Louis_Baraguey_d%27Hilliers" title="Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers">d'Hilliers</a>'s troops. The effects of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haslach-Jungingen" title="Battle of Haslach-Jungingen">Battle of Haslach-Jungingen</a> on Napoleon's plans are not fully clear, but the Emperor may have finally ascertained that the majority of the Austrian army was concentrated at Ulm. Accordingly, Napoleon sent the corps of Soult and Marmont towards the <a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller</a>, meaning he now had four infantry and one cavalry corps to deal with Mack; Davout, Bernadotte, and the Bavarians were still guarding the region around Munich. Napoleon did not intend to fight a battle across rivers and ordered his marshals to capture the important bridges around Ulm. He also began shifting his forces to the north of Ulm because he expected a battle in that region rather than an encirclement of the city itself. These dispositions and actions would lead to a confrontation at Elchingen on the 14th as Ney's forces advanced on Albeck. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_Addressing_the_2nd_Corps_of_his_Army_at_the_Bridge_over_the_Lech_at_Augsburg,_Germany,_on_October_12,_1805_(Claude_Gautherot).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Napoleon_Addressing_the_2nd_Corps_of_his_Army_at_the_Bridge_over_the_Lech_at_Augsburg%2C_Germany%2C_on_October_12%2C_1805_%28Claude_Gautherot%29.jpg/220px-Napoleon_Addressing_the_2nd_Corps_of_his_Army_at_the_Bridge_over_the_Lech_at_Augsburg%2C_Germany%2C_on_October_12%2C_1805_%28Claude_Gautherot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Napoleon_Addressing_the_2nd_Corps_of_his_Army_at_the_Bridge_over_the_Lech_at_Augsburg%2C_Germany%2C_on_October_12%2C_1805_%28Claude_Gautherot%29.jpg/330px-Napoleon_Addressing_the_2nd_Corps_of_his_Army_at_the_Bridge_over_the_Lech_at_Augsburg%2C_Germany%2C_on_October_12%2C_1805_%28Claude_Gautherot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Napoleon_Addressing_the_2nd_Corps_of_his_Army_at_the_Bridge_over_the_Lech_at_Augsburg%2C_Germany%2C_on_October_12%2C_1805_%28Claude_Gautherot%29.jpg/440px-Napoleon_Addressing_the_2nd_Corps_of_his_Army_at_the_Bridge_over_the_Lech_at_Augsburg%2C_Germany%2C_on_October_12%2C_1805_%28Claude_Gautherot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2186" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)" title="II Corps (Grande Armée)">II Corps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At this point in the campaign, the Austrian command staff was in full confusion. Ferdinand began to openly oppose Mack's command style and decisions, charging that the latter spent his days writing contradictory orders that left the Austrian army marching back and forth. On 13 October, Mack sent two columns out of Ulm in preparation for a breakout to the north: one under General <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sigismund_Riesch" title="Johann Sigismund Riesch">Johann Sigismund Riesch</a> headed towards Elchingen to secure the bridge there and the other under <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Werneck" title="Franz von Werneck">Franz von Werneck</a> went north with most of the heavy artillery. Ney hurried his corps forward to reestablish contact with Dupont. Ney led his troops to the south of Elchingen on the right bank of the Danube and began the attack. The field to the side was a partially wooded flood plain, rising steeply to the hill town of Elchingen, which had a wide field of view. The French cleared the Austrian pickets and a regiment boldly attacked and captured the <a href="/wiki/Elchingen_Abbey" title="Elchingen Abbey">abbey</a> at the top of the hill at bayonet point. The Austrian cavalry was also defeated and Riesch's infantry fled; Ney was given the title "Duke of Elchingen" for his impressive victory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKagan2006412,_414–417,_420–421_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKagan2006412,_414–417,_420–421-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200439–41_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200439–41-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Ulm">Battle of Ulm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Battle of Ulm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulm" title="Battle of Ulm">Battle of Ulm</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Th%C3%A9venin_-_Reddition_de_la_ville_d%27Ulm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Charles_Th%C3%A9venin_-_Reddition_de_la_ville_d%27Ulm.jpg/220px-Charles_Th%C3%A9venin_-_Reddition_de_la_ville_d%27Ulm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Charles_Th%C3%A9venin_-_Reddition_de_la_ville_d%27Ulm.jpg/330px-Charles_Th%C3%A9venin_-_Reddition_de_la_ville_d%27Ulm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Charles_Th%C3%A9venin_-_Reddition_de_la_ville_d%27Ulm.jpg/440px-Charles_Th%C3%A9venin_-_Reddition_de_la_ville_d%27Ulm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption>General Mack surrenders his army at <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>. Napoleon's strategic encirclement of the Austrians, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a> six weeks later, sealed the fate of the Third Coalition.</figcaption></figure> <p>Other actions took place on the 14th. Murat's forces joined Dupont at Albeck just in time to drive off an Austrian attack from Werneck; together Murat and Dupont beat the Austrians to the north in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Heidenheim_an_der_Brenz" title="Heidenheim an der Brenz">Heidenheim</a>. By night on the 14th, two French corps were stationed in the vicinity of the Austrian encampments at Michelsberg, right outside of Ulm. Mack was now in a dangerous situation: there was no longer any hope of escaping along the north bank, Marmont and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Napoleon_I)" title="Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)">Imperial Guard</a> were hovering at the outskirts of Ulm to the south of the river, and Soult was moving from <a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a> to prevent the Austrians escaping south to the Tyrol. Troubles continued with the Austrian command as Ferdinand overrode the objections of Mack and ordered the evacuation of all cavalry from Ulm, a total of 6,000 troopers. Murat's pursuit was so effective, however, that only eleven squadrons joined Werneck at Heidenheim. Murat continued his harassment of Werneck and forced him to surrender with 8,000 men at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trochtelfingten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trochtelfingten (page does not exist)">Trochtelfingten</a> on 19 October; Murat also took an entire Austrian field park of 500 vehicles, then swept on towards <a href="/wiki/Titisee-Neustadt" title="Titisee-Neustadt">Neustadt</a> and captured 12,000 Austrians. </p><p>Events at Ulm were now reaching a conclusion. On 15 October, Ney's troops successfully charged the Michelsberg encampments and on the 16th the French began to bombard Ulm itself. Austrian morale was at a low point and Mack began to realize that there was little hope of rescue. On 17 October, Napoleon's emissary, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Paul,_comte_de_S%C3%A9gur" title="Philippe Paul, comte de Ségur">Ségur</a>, signed a convention with Mack in which the Austrians agreed to surrender on 25 October if no aid came by that date. Gradually, however, Mack heard of the capitulations at Heidenheim and <a href="/wiki/Neresheim" title="Neresheim">Neresheim</a> and agreed to surrender five days before schedule on 20 October. 10,000 troops from the Austrian garrison managed to escape, but the vast majority of the Austrian force marched out on the 21st and laid down their arms without incident, all with the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grande Armée</i></span> drawn up in a vast semicircle observing the capitulation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966399–400_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966399–400-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Battle of Trafalgar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Trafalgar Campaign">Trafalgar Campaign</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trafalgar&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield.jpg/220px-The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield.jpg/330px-The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield.jpg/440px-The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5317" data-file-height="3048" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_(Stanfield)" title="The Battle of Trafalgar (Stanfield)">The Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Clarkson_Frederick_Stanfield" title="Clarkson Frederick Stanfield">Clarkson Frederick Stanfield</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Battle of Trafalgar</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Naval_engagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval engagement">naval engagement</a> that took place on 21 October 1805 between the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Navy">British Royal Navy</a> and the combined fleets of the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navies</a> during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> (1803–1815).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s plans to invade the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>, the French and Spanish fleets combined to take control of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> and provide the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> safe passage. The allied fleet, under the command of the French admiral, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Charles_Villeneuve" title="Pierre-Charles Villeneuve">Pierre-Charles Villeneuve</a>, sailed from the port of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> in the south of Spain on 18 October 1805. They encountered the British fleet under <a href="/wiki/Lord_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Nelson">Lord Nelson</a>, recently assembled to meet this threat, in the Atlantic Ocean along the southwest coast of Spain, off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Trafalgar" title="Cape Trafalgar">Cape Trafalgar</a>. </p><p>Nelson was outnumbered, with 27 British <a href="/wiki/Ships_of_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ships of the line">ships of the line</a> to 33 Franco-Spanish ships, including the largest warship in either fleet, the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Spanish_ship_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_la_Sant%C3%ADsima_Trinidad" title="Spanish ship Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad">Santísima Trinidad</a></i>. To address this imbalance, Nelson sailed his fleet directly at the allied battle line's flank, hoping to break the line into pieces. Villeneuve had worried that Nelson might attempt this tactic, but for various reasons, failed to prepare for it. The plan worked almost perfectly; Nelson's columns split the Franco-Spanish fleet in three, isolating the rear half from Villeneuve's flag aboard <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Bucentaure_(1803)" title="French ship Bucentaure (1803)"><i>Bucentaure</i></a>. The allied vanguard sailed off while it attempted to turn around, giving the British temporary superiority over the remainder of their fleet. In the ensuing fierce battle 20 allied ships were lost, while the British lost none. </p><p>The offensive exposed the leading British ships to intense crossfire as they approached the Franco-Spanish lines. Nelson's own <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victory" title="HMS Victory">HMS <i>Victory</i></a> led the front column and was almost knocked out of action. Nelson was shot by a French musketeer during the battle, and died shortly before it ended. Villeneuve was captured along with his flagship <i>Bucentaure</i>. He attended Nelson's funeral while a captive on parole in Britain. The senior Spanish fleet officer, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Federico_Gravina" title="Federico Gravina">Federico Gravina</a>, escaped with the surviving third of the Franco-Spanish fleet; he died six months later of wounds sustained during the battle. </p> The victory confirmed British naval supremacy, and was achieved in part through Nelson's departure from <a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics_in_the_Age_of_Sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval tactics in the Age of Sail">prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Battle of Austerlitz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bivouac_on_the_Eve_of_the_Battle_of_Austerlitz,_1st_December_1805.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bivouac_on_the_Eve_of_the_Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_1st_December_1805.PNG/220px-Bivouac_on_the_Eve_of_the_Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_1st_December_1805.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bivouac_on_the_Eve_of_the_Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_1st_December_1805.PNG/330px-Bivouac_on_the_Eve_of_the_Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_1st_December_1805.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bivouac_on_the_Eve_of_the_Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_1st_December_1805.PNG/440px-Bivouac_on_the_Eve_of_the_Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_1st_December_1805.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1317" /></a><figcaption>Napoleon with his troops on the eve of battle, questioning local peasants on the movements of the Austro-Russian Army. Painting by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois,_Baron_Lejeune" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-François, Baron Lejeune">Lejeune</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Battle_at_the_Austerlitz_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Battle at the Austerlitz campaign">Order of Battle at the Austerlitz campaign</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preliminaries">Preliminaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Preliminaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main body of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a></i></span> followed the remains of the Austrian army towards <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. Following the failure of the Austrian army at Ulm, a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> army under General Mikhail Kutuzov was also withdrawing east, and reached the <a href="/wiki/Ill_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ill (Austria)">Ill river</a> on 22 October, where it joined with Kienmayer's retreating corps. On 5 November, they held a successful rearguard action in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amstetten" title="Battle of Amstetten">Amstetten</a>. On 7 November, the Russians arrived in <a href="/wiki/St._P%C3%B6lten" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Pölten">St. Pölten</a>, and then moved across the Danube river the next day. Late on 9 November, they destroyed the bridges across the Danube, holding the last one, at Stein, near <a href="/wiki/Krems_an_der_Donau" title="Krems an der Donau">Krems</a>, until the late afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wachau_Valley_Durnstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="the town of Dürenstein lies in the floodplain of the Danube river. The river passes through the valley, between two sets of mountains on each side. The Russians emerged from the feldspar cliffs and defiles of the mountains, to attack the French column arrayed in the vineyards." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Wachau_Valley_Durnstein.jpg/220px-Wachau_Valley_Durnstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Wachau_Valley_Durnstein.jpg/330px-Wachau_Valley_Durnstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Wachau_Valley_Durnstein.jpg/440px-Wachau_Valley_Durnstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>The French occupied the vineyards in the floodplain, and were surrounded by Russian troops as they emerged from defiles of the mountains. Another column of Russians approached Dürenstein from the south.</figcaption></figure> <p>The following day, Marshal <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Mortier</a> ordered General <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Th%C3%A9odore_Maxime_Gazan_de_la_Peyri%C3%A8re" title="Honoré Théodore Maxime Gazan de la Peyrière">Gazan</a> to attack what they believed to be a Russian rear guard, at the village of Stein. This was a trap on the part of Kutuzov, laid for the sole purpose of convincing Mortier that he had retreated further toward Vienna, when he had actually crossed the Danube in force, and lay concealed behind the ridges above the village. In the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein">Battle of Dürenstein</a>, three Russian columns circled around the First Division of the <i>Corps Mortier</i>, and attacked Gazan from both the front and the rear. Not until Dupont's division arrived, after dark, was Gazan able to start to evacuate his soldiers to the other side of the Danube. Gazan lost close to 40 percent of his division. In addition, 47 officers and 895 men were captured, and he lost five guns, as well as the <a href="/wiki/French_Imperial_Eagle" title="French Imperial Eagle">eagles</a> of the 4th Infantry Regiment, and the eagle and <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">guidon</a> of the 4th Dragoons. The Russians also lost around 4,000, about 16 percent of their force, and two regimental colors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998213_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998213-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Austrian Lt. Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_von_Schmitt" title="Johann Heinrich von Schmitt">Johann Heinrich von Schmitt</a> was killed as the battle concluded, probably by Russian musketry in the confused melee.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Battle of Schöngrabern">Battle of Schöngrabern</a> (also known as the Battle of Hollabrunn) occurred a week after the battle at Dürenstein. On 16 November 1805. near Hollabrunn in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a>. The Russian army of Kutuzov was retiring north of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> before the French army of Napoleon. </p><p>On 13 November 1805 Marshals <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Murat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Lannes</a>, commanding the French advance guard, had captured a bridge over the Danube at Vienna by falsely claiming that an <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> had been signed, and then rushing the bridge while the guards were distracted.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kutuzov needed to gain time in order to make contact near <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCnn" class="mw-redirect" title="Brünn">Brünn</a> with reinforcements led by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Buxhoeveden" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden">Buxhowden</a>. He ordered his rearguard under Major-General Prince <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">Pyotr Bagration</a> to delay the French. </p><p>After Hollabrun, the armies gathered on the plains to the east of <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brünn</a>. Napoleon could muster some 75,000 men and 157 guns for the impending battle, but about 7,000 troops under <a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Davout</a> were still far to the south in the direction of Vienna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUffindell200319_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUffindell200319-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allies had about 73,000 soldiers, seventy percent of them Russian, and 318 guns. On 1 December, both sides occupied their main positions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battlefield">Battlefield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Battlefield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The northern part of the battlefield was dominated by the 700-foot (210-metre) Santon hill and the 850-foot (260-metre) Zuran hill, both overlooking the vital <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olmutz</a>-Brno road that ran across a west–east axis. To the west of these two hills was the village of <a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ichovice" title="Bedřichovice">Bellowitz</a>, and between them the Bosenitz Stream went south to link up with the Goldbach Stream, the latter flowing astride the villages of <a href="/wiki/Kobylnice_(Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_District)" title="Kobylnice (Kutná Hora District)">Kobelnitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sokolnice" title="Sokolnice">Sokolnitz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Telnice_(Brno-Country_District)" title="Telnice (Brno-Country District)">Telnitz</a>. The centerpiece of the entire area were the Pratzen Heights, a gently sloped hill about 35 to 40 feet (11 to 12 m) in height. An aide noted that the Emperor repeatedly told his Marshals, "Gentlemen, examine this ground carefully, it is going to be a battlefield; you will have a part to play upon it".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966412–413_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966412–413-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_plans_and_dispositions">Allied plans and dispositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Allied plans and dispositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Austerlitz,_Situation_at_1800,_1_December_1805.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_Situation_at_1800%2C_1_December_1805.png/300px-Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_Situation_at_1800%2C_1_December_1805.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_Situation_at_1800%2C_1_December_1805.png/450px-Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_Situation_at_1800%2C_1_December_1805.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_Situation_at_1800%2C_1_December_1805.png/600px-Battle_of_Austerlitz%2C_Situation_at_1800%2C_1_December_1805.png 2x" data-file-width="3752" data-file-height="2896" /></a><figcaption>Allied (red) and French (blue) deployments at 1800 hours on 1 December 1805</figcaption></figure> <p>An Allied council met on 1 December to discuss proposals for the battle. Most of the Allied strategists had two fundamental ideas in mind: making contact with the enemy and securing the southern flank that led to Vienna. Although the Tsar and his immediate entourage pushed hard for a battle, Emperor Francis of Austria was in a more cautious mood, and he was seconded by Kutuzov, the main Russian commander. The pressure to fight from the Russian nobles and the Austrian commanders, however, was too strong, and the Allies adopted Austrian Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Weyrother" title="Franz von Weyrother">Franz von Weyrother</a>'s plan. This called for a main drive against the French right flank, which the Allies noticed was lightly guarded, and diversionary attacks against the French left. The Allies deployed most of their troops into four columns that would attack the French right. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Guard" title="Russian Imperial Guard">Russian Imperial Guard</a> was held in reserve while Russian troops under Bagration guarded the Allied right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966416_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966416-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_plans_and_dispositions">French plans and dispositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: French plans and dispositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Days before any actual fighting, Napoleon had given an impression to the Allies that his army was in a weak state and that he desired a negotiated peace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLynn1997342_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLynn1997342-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reality, he was hoping that they would attack, and to encourage them on this mission he deliberately weakened his right flank.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks2000109_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks2000109-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 November, Napoleon met with his marshals at Imperial Headquarters and they informed him of their qualms and fears about the upcoming battle, even suggesting a retreat, but he shrugged off their complaints and went to work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napoleon's plan envisioned that the Allies would throw so many troops to envelop his right flank that their centre would be severely weakened. He then counted on a massive French thrust, to be conducted by 16,000 troops of <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Jean_de_Dieu_Soult" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult">Soult</a>'s IV Corps, through the centre to cripple the Allied army. Meanwhile, to support his weak right flank, Napoleon ordered Davout's <a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(Grande_Arm%C3%A9e)" title="III Corps (Grande Armée)">III Corps</a> to force march all the way from Vienna and join General Legrand's men, who held the extreme southern flank that would bear the heavy part of the Allied attack. Davout's soldiers had 48 hours to March 110 km (68 mi). Their arrival would be extremely crucial in determining the success or failure of the French plan. The <a href="/wiki/French_Imperial_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="French Imperial Guard">Imperial Guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Bernadotte</a>'s I Corps were held in reserve while the V Corps under <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Lannes</a> guarded the northern sector of the battle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_is_joined">Battle is joined</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Battle is joined"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle began around 8 a.m. with the first allied column attacking the village of Telnitz, which was defended by the 3rd Line Regiment. This sector of the battlefield witnessed heavy action in the following moments as several ferocious Allied charges evicted the French from the town and forced them on the other side of the Goldbach. The first men of Davout's corps arrived at this time and threw the Allies out of Telnitz before they too were attacked by <a href="/wiki/Hussar" title="Hussar">hussars</a> and re-abandoned the town. Additional Allied attacks out of Telnitz were checked by French artillery. Allied columns started pouring against the French right, but not at the desired speed, so the French were mostly successful in curbing the attacks. In reality, the Allied deployments were mistaken and poorly timed: cavalry detachments under <a href="/wiki/Johann_I_Josef,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann I Josef, Prince of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> on the Allied left flank had to be placed in the right flank and in the process they ran into and slowed down part of the second column of infantry that was advancing towards the French right. At the time, the planners thought this was a disaster, but later on it helped the Allies. Meanwhile, the lead elements of the second column were attacking the village of Sokolnitz, which was defended by the 26th Light Regiment and the <i>Tirailleurs</i>, French skirmishers. Initial Allied assaults proved unsuccessful and General <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre_Andrault_de_Langeron" title="Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron">Langeron</a> ordered the bombardment of the village. This deadly barrage forced the French out, and around the same time, the third column attacked the castle of Sokolnitz. The French, however, counterattacked and regained the village, only to be thrown out again. Conflict in this area ended momentarily when <a href="/wiki/Louis_Friant" title="Louis Friant">Friant</a>'s division (part of III Corps) retook the village. Sokolnitz was perhaps the most fought over area in the battlefield and would change hands several times as the day progressed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448–49_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448–49-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""One_sharp_blow_and_the_war_is_over""><span id=".22One_sharp_blow_and_the_war_is_over.22"></span>"One sharp blow and the war is over"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: "One sharp blow and the war is over""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_0900,_2_December_1805.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_0900%2C_2_December_1805.png/300px-Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_0900%2C_2_December_1805.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_0900%2C_2_December_1805.png/450px-Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_0900%2C_2_December_1805.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_0900%2C_2_December_1805.png/600px-Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_0900%2C_2_December_1805.png 2x" data-file-width="3759" data-file-height="2911" /></a><figcaption>The decisive attacks on the Allied centre by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vincent_Le_Blond_de_Saint-Hilaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Vincent Le Blond de Saint-Hilaire">St. Hilaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Vandamme" title="Dominique Vandamme">Vandamme</a> split the Allied army in two and left the French in a golden strategic position to win the battle.</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 8:45 a.m., finally satisfied at the weakness in the enemy centre, Napoleon asked Soult how long it would take for his men to reach the Pratzen Heights, to which the Marshal replied, "Less than twenty minutes, sire." About 15 minutes later, Napoleon ordered the attack, adding, "One sharp blow and the war is over."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUffindell200321._34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUffindell200321.-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A dense fog helped to cloud the advance of St. Hilaire's division, but as they went up the slope the legendary 'Sun of Austerlitz' ripped the mist apart and encouraged them forward.Russian soldiers and commanders on top of the heights were stunned to see so many French troops coming towards them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966425_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966425-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allied commanders were now able to feed some of the delayed detachments of the fourth column into this bitter struggle. Over an hour of horrendous fighting left much of this unit decimated beyond recognition. The other men from the second column, mostly inexperienced Austrians, also participated in the struggle and swung the numbers game against one of the best fighting forces in the French army, finally forcing them to withdraw down the slopes. However, gripped by desperation, St. Hilaire's men struck hard once more and bayoneted the Allies out of the heights. To the north, General <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Vandamme" title="Dominique Vandamme">Vandamme</a>'s division attacked an area called Staré Vinohrady and through talented skirmishing and deadly volleys broke several Allied battalions. </p><p>The battle had firmly turned to France's favor, but there was still much fighting ahead. Napoleon ordered Bernadotte's I Corps to support Vandamme's left and moved his own command centre from Zuran Hill to St. Anthony's Chapel on the Pratzen Heights. The difficult position of the Allies was confirmed by the decision to send in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Guard" title="Russian Imperial Guard">Russian Imperial Guard</a>; Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Constantine_Pavlovich_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia">Constantine</a>, Tsar Alexander's brother, commanded the Guard and counterattacked in Vandamme's section of the field, forcing a bloody effort and the loss of the only French standard in the battle (the unfortunate victim was a battalion of the 4th Line Regiment). Sensing trouble, Napoleon ordered his own heavy <a href="/wiki/Mounted_Grenadiers_of_the_Imperial_Guard" title="Mounted Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard">Guard cavalry</a> forward. These men pulverized their Russian counterparts, but with both sides pouring in large masses of cavalry no victor was clear yet. The Russians had a numerical advantage here but fairly soon the tide swung as <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Drouet,_Comte_d%27Erlon" title="Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon">d'Erlon</a>'s Division, the 2nd of Bernadotte's I Corps, deployed on the flank of the action and allowed French cavalry to seek refuge behind their lines. The <a href="/wiki/Horse_artillery" title="Horse artillery">horse artillery</a> of the Guard also unlimbered a deadly toll on the Russian cavalry and fusiliers. The Russians broke and many died as they were pursued by the reinvigorated French cavalry for about a quarter of a mile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200449–51_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200449–51-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endgame">Endgame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Endgame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_1400,_2_December_1805.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_1400%2C_2_December_1805.png/300px-Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_1400%2C_2_December_1805.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_1400%2C_2_December_1805.png/450px-Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_1400%2C_2_December_1805.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_1400%2C_2_December_1805.png/600px-Battle_of_Austerlitz_-_Situation_at_1400%2C_2_December_1805.png 2x" data-file-width="3739" data-file-height="2881" /></a><figcaption>By 1400 hours, the Allied army had been dangerously separated. Napoleon now had the option to strike at one of the wings, and he chose the Allied left since other enemy sectors had already been cleared or were conducting fighting retreats.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, the northernmost part of the battlefield was also witnessing heavy fighting. Prince <a href="/wiki/Johann_I_Joseph,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>'s heavy cavalry began to assault <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Etienne_de_Kellermann" class="mw-redirect" title="François Etienne de Kellermann">Kellerman</a>'s lighter cavalry forces after finally arriving at the correct position in the field. The fighting originally went well for the French, but Kellerman's forces took cover behind General <a href="/wiki/Marie-Fran%C3%A7ois_Auguste_de_Caffarelli_du_Falga" title="Marie-François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga">Caffarelli</a>'s infantry division once it became clear Russian numbers were too great. Caffarelli's men halted the Russian assaults and permitted Murat to send two cuirassier divisions into the fray to finish off the Russian cavalry for good. The ensuing melee was bitter and long, but the French ultimately prevailed. Lannes then led his V Corps against Bagration's men and after hard fighting managed to drive the skilled Russian commander off the field. He wanted to pursue, but Murat, who was in control of this sector in the battlefield, was against the idea. </p><p>Napoleon's focus now shifted towards the southern end of the battlefield where the French and the Allies were still fighting over Sokolnitz and Telnitz. In an effective double-pronged assault, St. Hilaire's division and part of Davout's III Corps smashed through the enemy at Sokolnitz and persuaded the commanders of the first two columns, generals Kienmayer and Langeron, to flee as fast as they could. <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Buxhoeveden" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden">Buxhowden</a>, the commander of the Allied left and the man responsible for leading the attack, was completely drunk and fled as well. Kienmayer covered his withdrawal with the <a href="/wiki/Andreas_O%27Reilly_von_Ballinlough" title="Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough">O'Reilly</a> light cavalry, who gallantly managed to defeat five of six French cavalry regiments before they too had to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200452_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200452-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General panic now seized the Allied army and it abandoned the field in any and all possible directions. Russian forces that had been defeated by the French right withdrew south towards Vienna via the Satschan frozen ponds. According to popular myth, the French artillery pounded towards the men, but Napoleon redirected his gunners to fire at the ice. The men drowned in the viciously cold ponds, dozens of artillery pieces going down along with them. Estimates on how many guns were captured differ; there may have been as few as 38 or as many as over 100. Sources also differ on casualties, with figures ranging from as few as 200 to as many as 2,000 dead. Because Napoleon exaggerated this incident in his report of the battle, the low numbers may be more accurate, although doubt remains as to whether they are fully correct. Many regard this incident as one of Napoleon's cruelest acts in war. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966432_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966432-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>However, only a few bodies are reported to have been found in the spring of 1806, and it is most likely the incident is a myth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_Campaigns">Italian Campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Italian Campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venetian_front_or_Italian_campaign_of_1805">Venetian front or Italian campaign of 1805</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Venetian front or Italian campaign of 1805"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meanwhile, in Italy, the Austrian <i>Armee von Italien</i> under <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a> fought against the French <i><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Italy_(France)" title="Army of Italy (France)">Armée d'italie</a></i> under <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">Marshal Masséna</a>. The French managed to gain a bridgehead over the <a href="/wiki/Adige" title="Adige">Adige</a> river at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verona_(1805)" title="Battle of Verona (1805)">Verona</a> on 18 October, and finally, between 29 and 31 October, the outnumbered French defeated the superior Austrian army in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Battle of Caldiero</a>. In November the Austrians retreated, engaging the French vanguard of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis-Brigitte_Espagne" title="Jean-Louis-Brigitte Espagne">d'Espagne</a> in several rear-guard actions. <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> was blockaded by French and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Italian</a> troops under <a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">St.Cyr</a>. Charles' army finally crossed the <a href="/wiki/So%C4%8Da" title="Soča">Isonzo</a> on 14 November, preventing the French from crossing it. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_de_Caldiero,_30_octobre_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bataille_de_Caldiero%2C_30_octobre_1805.jpg/220px-Bataille_de_Caldiero%2C_30_octobre_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bataille_de_Caldiero%2C_30_octobre_1805.jpg/330px-Bataille_de_Caldiero%2C_30_octobre_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bataille_de_Caldiero%2C_30_octobre_1805.jpg/440px-Bataille_de_Caldiero%2C_30_octobre_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Battle of Caldiero</a>, 1805</figcaption></figure> <p>One 4,400-strong Habsburg army that lingered behind, was roundly defeated and captured by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Reynier" title="Jean Reynier">Jean Reynier</a> and St. Cyr at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castelfranco_Veneto" title="Battle of Castelfranco Veneto">Battle of Castelfranco Veneto</a> on 24 November 1805. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples">Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_occupation_of_Naples" title="Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples">Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples</a></div> <p>The French force under St. Cyr then manoeuvred on the frontier of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>. The French were being carefully watched by an Anglo-Russian force entrusted with defence of the kingdom. After the Battle of Austerlitz, the Russians withdrew from Italy and the British, unwilling to defend Naples alone, evacuated the mainland altogether and retreated back to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. Meanwhile, the French force, now stationed in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, was reorganised into the Army of Naples and placed under the nominal command of Napoleon's brother <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a>. However, the de facto commander was André Masséna, who commanded the I Corps and was entrusted with the invasion by Joseph. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_invasion_of_Naples">French invasion of Naples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: French invasion of Naples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Naples_(1806)" title="Invasion of Naples (1806)">Invasion of Naples (1806)</a></div> <p>On 9 February 1806, Masséna invaded the Kingdom of Naples and two days later, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> King of Naples, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a> also fled to Sicily, protected by the British fleet. Naples soon fell into French hands and by the end of February, only two places in the kingdom still held out. One was the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Gaeta" title="Gaeta">Gaeta</a>, north of Naples, and the other was <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> in the very south of Italy, which was where the remainder of the Royal Neapolitan Army was stationed. </p><p>Ferdinand had hoped for a repeat of the events of 1799, when a popular uprising in Calabria eventually caused the downfall of the <a href="/wiki/Parthenopaean_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenopaean Republic">Parthenopaean Republic</a>, a French client state created after the Neapolitans were defeated the first time during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a>. However, no such rebellion initially occurred and on 3 March, General <a href="/wiki/Jean_Reynier" title="Jean Reynier">Jean Reynier</a>, who commanded the 10,000 strong II Corps of the Army of Naples invaded Calabria. Only a few Calabrians resisted the invading French force and the Royal Neapolitan Army was soundly defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Battle of Campo Tenese</a> on 10 March 1806. Ferdinand now had no choice but to concede the Neapolitan throne to the French. A day after Campo Tenese, Joseph was installed as the new King of Naples. By now, the last regular troops of the Neapolitan army had fled to Sicily and the French controlled the entire Italian mainland except for the fortress of Gaeta, which had been <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1806)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1806)">under siege</a> since 26 February. Gaeta surrendered on 18 July, concluding the invasion with a decisive French victory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinley197684–87_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinley197684–87-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calabrian_insurrection">Calabrian insurrection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Calabrian insurrection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, all was not going to plan for the French. Supply problems meant that Reynier's II Corps in Calabria was forced to live off the land. For over a month, the peasants of the region had supported the Neapolitan army and were close to starvation. Joseph seemed unaware of the problems and the potential dangers of revolt. Consequently, no extra provisions were sent to the south of Italy. Reynier took the initiative and seized supplies from the local populace, leading predictably to a revolt by the end of March. What started as small bands of partisans eventually expanded into entire villages rising up against the French. With the fortress of Gaeta still holding out, Joseph was unable to send more troops to Calabria, forcing Reynier to reinforce his army with native troops recruited from the larger towns and cities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinley197684–87_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinley197684–87-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By July, Masséna had still failed to take Gaeta due to poor logistical management of the French artillery, slight reinforcements from the British by sea and a series of successful sorties by the Neapolitan garrison against the French sappers. With only Reynier's small force in Calabria still struggling against the revolt, the British organised an expeditionary force under Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_Count_of_Maida" title="John Stuart, Count of Maida">John Stuart</a> to prevent any potential invasion of Sicily and perhaps to trigger a full-scale rebellion against the French across Italy. Although there were early successes for the British, in particular at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maida" title="Battle of Maida">Maida</a>, the British failed to either reinforce Stuart's expedition or attempt to relieve the Siege of Gaeta. With the French artillery finally able to bombard the walls with their full potential, the Neapolitans eventually surrendered on 18 July, freeing Masséna's I Corps. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassénaKoch1848194–251._40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassénaKoch1848194–251.-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the surrender, Masséna was ordered south by Joseph to support Reynier's II Corps against the British and the Calabrian insurrection. Now severely outnumbered in mainland Italy, the British retreated back to Sicily. However, the revolt was not suppressed until 1807, by which time Masséna had already requested permission to relinquish command. For the first time in the Napoleonic Wars, the French experienced a brutal guerrilla war carried on by a rebellious population. The French gleaned that the only effective way to deal with such an uprising was to implement terror tactics employed by Reynier. This foreshadowed the same problems the French, and in particular Joseph Bonaparte, would face in Spain during the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleonic_Wars_War_of_the_Third_Coalition.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Napoleonic_Wars_War_of_the_Third_Coalition.png/300px-Napoleonic_Wars_War_of_the_Third_Coalition.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Napoleonic_Wars_War_of_the_Third_Coalition.png/450px-Napoleonic_Wars_War_of_the_Third_Coalition.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Napoleonic_Wars_War_of_the_Third_Coalition.png/600px-Napoleonic_Wars_War_of_the_Third_Coalition.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>All the participants of the War of the Third Coalition. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4062f2; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> The Coalition and their colonies and allies.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#13ab3f; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;"> </span> The <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>, its protectorates, colonies and allies.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Austerlitz and the preceding campaign profoundly altered the nature of European politics. In three months, the French had occupied Vienna, decimated two armies, and humbled the Austrian Empire. These events sharply contrast with the rigid power structures of the 18th century, when no major European capital was ever held by an enemy army. Austerlitz set the stage for a near-decade of French domination on the European continent, but one of its more immediate impacts was to goad Prussia into <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">war in 1806</a>. </p><p>France and Austria signed a truce on 4 December and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pressburg_(1805)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pressburg (1805)">Treaty of Pressburg</a> 22 days later took the latter out of the war. Austria agreed to recognize French territory captured by the treaties of Campo Formio (1797) and Lunéville (1801), cede land to Bavaria, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Electorate of Württemberg">Württemberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Baden" title="Electorate of Baden">Baden</a>, which were Napoleon's German allies, and pay 40 million francs in war indemnities. <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Venetia</a> was also given to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Kingdom of Italy</a>. It was a harsh end for Austria, but certainly not a catastrophic peace. The Russian army was allowed to withdraw to home territory and the French encamped themselves in Southern Germany. </p><p>In July 1806, Napoleon created the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a>, a string of German client states which on becoming allies of France pledged themselves to raise an army of 63,000 men. With Napoleon as their "Protector", the confederate states were compelled to leave the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, which was dissolved shortly afterward.<<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorne_Brose201351_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorne_Brose201351-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Prussia saw these and other moves as an affront to its status as the main power of Central Europe and it went to war with France in 1806. </p><p>In Italy, the political situation would remain unchanged until 1815, with the British and Sicilian troops guarding the Bourbon King Ferdinand in Sicily and the Napoleonic King of Naples controlling the mainland. In 1808, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a> became the King of Naples, after Joseph Bonaparte became King of Spain. Murat made various attempts to cross the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Messina" title="Strait of Messina">Strait of Messina</a>, which all ended in failure, despite once managing to secure a foothold in Sicily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties_and_losses">Casualties and losses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Casualties and losses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French lost 12,000 killed, 22,200 wounded and 5,000 captured in 1805, including 5,300 killed and 22,200 wounded in the Austrian Campaign against the Habsburgs and Russians, 2,100 killed and 5,300 wounded in the Italian Campaign, 4,300 killed and 3,700 wounded in the naval war, 200 killed and 400 wounded in the colonies and 100 killed and 400 wounded in coastal defense duties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart191643_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart191643-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1806 Naples Campaign cost the French 1,500 killed and 5,000 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish suffered 1,200 killed and 1,600 wounded in the naval war, Bavaria sustained 300 killed and 1,200 wounded in the Austrian Campaign and the Kingdom of Italy lost 100 killed and 400 wounded in the Italian Campaign and 250 killed and 1,500 wounded in the Naples Campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Austrians lost 20,000 killed and wounded and 70,000 as prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart191643_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart191643-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian casualties were 25,000 killed and wounded and 25,000 captured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart191643_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart191643-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Neapolitan army of 22,000 was wiped out by the French in 1806, with only 2,000 evacuated to Sicily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="List of battles of the War of the Third Coalition">List of battles of the War of the Third Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Napoleonic_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Napoleonic battles">List of Napoleonic battles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This armed conflict has received various names: <ul><li>In Russian <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>, it is known as the <b>Russian-Austro-French War</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Русско-австро-французская война</span>)</li> <li>it is known as the <b>Austrian campaign of 1805</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Campagne d'Autriche de 1805</i>) or the <b>German campaign of 1805</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Campagne d'Allemagne de 1805</i>)</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg2017168-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenberg2017168_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosenberg2017">Rosenberg 2017</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPagedas2005120–122-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPagedas2005120–122_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPagedas2005">Pagedas 2005</a>, pp. 120–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966319–320-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966319–320_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, pp. 319–320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger2004528-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger2004528_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 528.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneid200557-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneid200557_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneid2005">Schneid 2005</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneid200583–87-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneid200583–87_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneid2005">Schneid 2005</a>, pp. 83–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGotthard2003160-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGotthard2003160_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGotthard2003">Gotthard 2003</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966323-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966323_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966332–333-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966332–333_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, pp. 332–333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUffindell2003155-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUffindell2003155_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUffindell2003">Uffindell 2003</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200431–33-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200431–33_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004">Fisher & Fremont-Barnes 2004</a>, pp. 31–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200436-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200436_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004">Fisher & Fremont-Barnes 2004</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966382-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966382_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, p. 382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966385-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966385_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, p. 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKagan2006389,_393,_395_397-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKagan2006389,_393,_395_397_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKagan2006">Kagan 2006</a>, pp. 389, 393, 395 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKagan2006400,_402,_404,_408–409-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKagan2006400,_402,_404,_408–409_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKagan2006">Kagan 2006</a>, pp. 400, 402, 404, 408–409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKagan2006412,_414–417,_420–421-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKagan2006412,_414–417,_420–421_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKagan2006">Kagan 2006</a>, pp. 412, 414–417, 420–421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200439–41-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200439–41_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004">Fisher & Fremont-Barnes 2004</a>, pp. 39–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966399–400-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966399–400_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, pp. 399–400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728203458/http://www.westpoint.edu/history/SitePages/Napoleonic%20Wars.aspx">"Napoleonic Wars"</a>. <i>Westpoint.edu</i>. U.S. Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westpoint.edu/history/SitePages/Napoleonic%20Wars.aspx">the original</a> on 28 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westpoint.edu&rft.atitle=Napoleonic+Wars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westpoint.edu%2Fhistory%2FSitePages%2FNapoleonic%2520Wars.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennet, Geoffrey (2004). <i>The Battle of Trafalgar</i>. England: Pen & Sword Books Limited, CPI UK, South Yorkshire.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Rainer Egger. <i>Das Gefecht bei Dürnstein-Loiben 1805</i>. Wien: Bundesverlag, 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1998213-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1998213_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1998">Smith 1998</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Jens-Florian Ebert. "Heinrich von Schmitt". <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/">Napoleon Online: Portal zu Epoch</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000408223833/http://www.napoleon-online.de/">Archived</a> 8 April 2000 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Markus Stein, editor. Mannheim, Germany. 14 February 2010 version. Accessed 5 February 2010: <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Egger, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothenberg1999" class="citation book cs1">Rothenberg, Gunther E. (1999). <i>The Napoleonic Wars</i>. The Cassell history of warfare. London: Cassell. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35267-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35267-8"><bdi>978-0-304-35267-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Napoleonic+Wars&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Cassell+history+of+warfare&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-304-35267-8&rft.aulast=Rothenberg&rft.aufirst=Gunther+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUffindell200319-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUffindell200319_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUffindell2003">Uffindell 2003</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966412–413-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966412–413_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, pp. 412–413.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966416-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966416_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLynn1997342-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLynn1997342_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLynn1997">McLynn 1997</a>, p. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks2000109-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks2000109_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrooks2000">Brooks 2000</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004">Fisher & Fremont-Barnes 2004</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448–49-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200448–49_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004">Fisher & Fremont-Barnes 2004</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUffindell200321.-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUffindell200321._34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUffindell2003">Uffindell 2003</a>, p. 21..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966425-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966425_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200449–51-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200449–51_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004">Fisher & Fremont-Barnes 2004</a>, pp. 49–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200452-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisherFremont-Barnes200452_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004">Fisher & Fremont-Barnes 2004</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler1966432-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler1966432_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChandler1966">Chandler 1966</a>, p. 432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinley197684–87-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinley197684–87_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinley197684–87_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinley1976">Finley 1976</a>, pp. 84–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassénaKoch1848194–251.-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassénaKoch1848194–251._40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMassénaKoch1848">Masséna & Koch 1848</a>, pp. 194–251..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorne_Brose201351-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorne_Brose201351_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDorne_Brose2013">Dorne Brose 2013</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart191643-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart191643_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart191643_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart191643_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodart1916">Bodart 1916</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart1916128_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodart1916">Bodart 1916</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack1999" class="citation book cs1">Black, Jeremy (1999). <i>Britain as a military power, 1688-1815</i>. London: UCL Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/185728772X" title="Special:BookSources/185728772X"><bdi>185728772X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+as+a+military+power%2C+1688-1815&rft.place=London&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=185728772X&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodart1916" class="citation book cs1">Bodart, G. (1916). <i>Losses of Life in Modern Wars, Austria-Hungary; France</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-371-46552-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-371-46552-0"><bdi>978-1-371-46552-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Losses+of+Life+in+Modern+Wars%2C+Austria-Hungary%3B+France&rft.date=1916&rft.isbn=978-1-371-46552-0&rft.aulast=Bodart&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2000" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Richard, ed. (2000). <i>Atlas of World Military History</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7607-2025-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7607-2025-8"><bdi>0-7607-2025-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+World+Military+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7607-2025-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler1966" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, David (1966). <i>The Campaigns of Napoleon</i>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-523660-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-523660-1"><bdi>0-02-523660-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Campaigns+of+Napoleon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-02-523660-1&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler1979" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, David (1979). <i>Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars</i>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4932949">4932949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Napoleonic+Wars&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4932949&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorne_Brose2013" class="citation book cs1">Dorne Brose, Eric (2013). <i>German History, 1789–1871. From the Holy Roman Empire to the Bismarckian Reich</i>. New York: Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782380047" title="Special:BookSources/9781782380047"><bdi>9781782380047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+History%2C+1789%E2%80%931871.+From+the+Holy+Roman+Empire+to+the+Bismarckian+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781782380047&rft.aulast=Dorne+Brose&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupuy1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_N._Dupuy" title="Trevor N. Dupuy">Dupuy, Trevor N.</a> (1993). <i>Harper Encyclopedia of Military History</i>. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-270056-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-270056-1"><bdi>0-06-270056-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harper+Encyclopedia+of+Military+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-06-270056-1&rft.aulast=Dupuy&rft.aufirst=Trevor+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinley1976" class="citation journal cs1">Finley, Milton C. Jr. (1976). "Prelude to Spain: The Calabrian Insurrection, 1806–1807". <i>Military Affairs</i>. <b>40</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1987151">10.2307/1987151</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1987151">1987151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&rft.atitle=Prelude+to+Spain%3A+The+Calabrian+Insurrection%2C+1806%E2%80%931807&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1987151&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1987151%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=Milton+C.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisherFremont-Barnes2004" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Todd; Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2004). <i>The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-831-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-831-6"><bdi>1-84176-831-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Napoleonic+Wars%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+an+Empire&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84176-831-6&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.au=Fremont-Barnes%2C+Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGotthard2003" class="citation book cs1">Gotthard, Axel (2003). <i>Das Alte Reich, 1495-1806</i>. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783534151189" title="Special:BookSources/9783534151189"><bdi>9783534151189</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Alte+Reich%2C+1495-1806&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.pub=Wissenschaftliche+Buchgesellschaft&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9783534151189&rft.aulast=Gotthard&rft.aufirst=Axel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKagan2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kagan" title="Frederick Kagan">Kagan, Frederick W.</a> (2006). <i>The End of the Old Order</i>. Cambridge: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81137-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81137-5"><bdi>0-306-81137-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Old+Order&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-306-81137-5&rft.aulast=Kagan&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2013" class="citation book cs1">Knight, R. J. B (2013). <i>Britain against Napoleon : the organization of victory, 1793-1815</i>. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141038940" title="Special:BookSources/9780141038940"><bdi>9780141038940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+against+Napoleon+%3A+the+organization+of+victory%2C+1793-1815&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780141038940&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=R.+J.+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassénaKoch1848" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Masséna, André; Koch, Jean Baptiste Frédéric (1848). <i>Mémoires de Masséna</i> (in French). Vol. V. Paris: Paulin et Lechevalier.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+Mass%C3%A9na&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Paulin+et+Lechevalier&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Mass%C3%A9na&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.au=Koch%2C+Jean+Baptiste+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLynn1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLynn" title="Frank McLynn">McLynn, Frank</a> (1997). <i>Napoleon: A Biography</i>. New York: Arcade Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55970-631-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55970-631-7"><bdi>1-55970-631-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-55970-631-7&rft.aulast=McLynn&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikaberidze2020" class="citation book cs1">Mikaberidze, Alexander (2020). <i>The Napoleonic Wars A Global History</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-995106-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-995106-2"><bdi>978-0-19-995106-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Napoleonic+Wars+A+Global+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-995106-2&rft.aulast=Mikaberidze&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagedas2005" class="citation journal cs1">Pagedas, Constantine A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/180781/pdf">"Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805–1806 (Review)"</a>. <i>Mediterranean Quarterly</i>. <b>16</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">120–</span>122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10474552-16-1-120">10.1215/10474552-16-1-120</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154229720">154229720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediterranean+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Counterpoint+to+Trafalgar%3A+The+Anglo-Russian+Invasion+of+Naples%2C+1805%E2%80%931806+%28Review%29&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E120-%3C%2Fspan%3E122&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10474552-16-1-120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154229720%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pagedas&rft.aufirst=Constantine+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F180781%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodger2004" class="citation book cs1">Rodger, N.A.M. (2004). <i>The Command of the Ocean</i>. London: Allan Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7139-9411-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7139-9411-8"><bdi>0-7139-9411-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Command+of+the+Ocean.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allan+Lane&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7139-9411-8&rft.aulast=Rodger&rft.aufirst=N.A.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Rosenberg, Chaim M. (2017). <i>Losing America, Conquering India: Lord Cornwallis and the Remaking of the British Empire</i>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6812-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6812-3"><bdi>978-1-4766-6812-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Losing+America%2C+Conquering+India%3A+Lord+Cornwallis+and+the+Remaking+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-6812-3&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Chaim+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1998" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Digby (1998). <i>The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book</i>. London: Greenhill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781853672767" title="Special:BookSources/9781853672767"><bdi>9781853672767</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greenhill+Napoleonic+wars+data+book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Greenhill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781853672767&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Digby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneid2005" class="citation book cs1">Schneid, Frederick C. (2005). <i>Napoleon's conquest of Europe: the War of the Third Coalition</i>. Westport: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275980960" title="Special:BookSources/0275980960"><bdi>0275980960</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%27s+conquest+of+Europe%3A+the+War+of+the+Third+Coalition&rft.place=Westport&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0275980960&rft.aulast=Schneid&rft.aufirst=Frederick+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneid2002" class="citation book cs1">Schneid, Frederick C. (2002). <i>Napoleon's Italian Campaigns 1805–1815</i>. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96875-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96875-8"><bdi>0-275-96875-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%27s+Italian+Campaigns+1805%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-275-96875-8&rft.aulast=Schneid&rft.aufirst=Frederick+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchroeder1996" class="citation book cs1">Schroeder, Paul W. (1996). <i>The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848</i>. Oxford U.P. pp. <span class="nowrap">210–</span>86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820654-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820654-5"><bdi>978-0-19-820654-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+European+Politics+1763%E2%80%931848&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E210-%3C%2Fspan%3E86&rft.pub=Oxford+U.P.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-820654-5&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUffindell2003" class="citation book cs1">Uffindell, Andrew (2003). <i>Great Generals of the Napoleonic Wars</i>. Kent: Spellmount. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86227-177-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86227-177-1"><bdi>1-86227-177-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Generals+of+the+Napoleonic+Wars&rft.place=Kent&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-86227-177-1&rft.aulast=Uffindell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_the_Third_Coalition&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:War_of_the_Third_Coalition" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaude1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Maude, Frederic Natusch (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Napoleonic Campaigns"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Napoleonic_Campaigns">"Napoleonic Campaigns" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">212–</span>236.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Napoleonic+Campaigns&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E212-%3C%2Fspan%3E236&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=Frederic+Natusch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWar+of+the+Third+Coalition" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Napoleonic_Wars20299" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Template talk:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleonic_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleonic Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Napoleonic_Wars20299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Fourth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">Fifth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French Invasion of Russia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Seventh Coalition</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Belli-<br />gerents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">France,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sister_republic" title="Sister republic">client states</a><br />and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Legions_(Napoleonic_era)" title="Polish Legions (Napoleonic era)">Polish Legions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Holland" title="Kingdom of Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era#Act_of_Mediation" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Swiss Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples#Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony#The_Napoleonic_Era_and_the_German_Confederation" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Spain under Joseph Bonaparte">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_forces_of_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Coalition forces of the Napoleonic Wars">Coalition<br />forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden#Swedish_Empire" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hanover" title="Electorate of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau#Duchy_of_Nassau" title="Duchy of Nassau">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">French Royalists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major<br />battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">18 Brumaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">Planned invasion of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Duc d'Enghien Execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="Coronation of Napoleon">Coronation of Napoleon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1805</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diamond_Rock" title="Battle of Diamond Rock">Diamond Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Finisterre_(1805)" title="Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wertingen" title="Battle of Wertingen">Wertingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_G%C3%BCnzburg" title="Battle of Günzburg">Günzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haslach-Jungingen" title="Battle of Haslach-Jungingen">Haslach-Jungingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elchingen" title="Battle of Elchingen">Elchingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulm" title="Battle of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verona_(1805)" title="Battle of Verona (1805)">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldiero_(1805)" title="Battle of Caldiero (1805)">Caldiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ortegal" title="Battle of Cape Ortegal">Cape Ortegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amstetten" title="Battle of Amstetten">Amstetten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein">Dürenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Battle of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Austerlitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1806</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1806)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1806)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Tenese" title="Battle of Campo Tenese">Campo Tenese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maida" title="Battle of Maida">Maida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schleiz" title="Battle of Schleiz">Schleiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saalfeld" title="Battle of Saalfeld">Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena%E2%80%93Auerstedt" title="Battle of Jena–Auerstedt">Jena–Auerstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Erfurt" title="Capitulation of Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Halle" title="Battle of Halle">Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Magdeburg_(1806)" title="Siege of Magdeburg (1806)">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Prenzlau" title="Battle of Prenzlau">Prenzlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Pasewalk" title="Capitulation of Pasewalk">Pasewalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Stettin" title="Capitulation of Stettin">Stettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waren-Nossentin" title="Battle of Waren-Nossentin">Waren-Nossentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Battle of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1806)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1806)">Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hamelin" title="Siege of Hamelin">Hamelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Czarnowo" title="Battle of Czarnowo">Czarnowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Golymin" title="Battle of Golymin">Golymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pu%C5%82tusk_(1806)" title="Battle of Pułtusk (1806)">Pułtusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1807</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mohrungen" title="Battle of Mohrungen">Mohrungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eylau" title="Battle of Eylau">Eylau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka_(1807)" title="Battle of Ostrołęka (1807)">Ostrołęka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(1807)" title="Siege of Kolberg (1807)">Kolberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1807)" title="Siege of Danzig (1807)">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sortie_of_Stralsund" title="Great Sortie of Stralsund">Stralsund I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mileto" title="Battle of Mileto">Mileto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guttstadt-Deppen" title="Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen">Guttstadt-Deppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heilsberg" title="Battle of Heilsberg">Heilsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Friedland" title="Battle of Friedland">Friedland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Stralsund_(1807)" title="Siege of Stralsund (1807)">Stralsund II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1807)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1807)">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Portugal_(1807)" title="Invasion of Portugal (1807)">Invasion of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1808</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising" title="Dos de Mayo Uprising">Dos de Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_El_Bruch" title="Battles of El Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Rosily_Squadron" title="Capture of the Rosily Squadron">Rosily Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cabez%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Cabezón">Cabezón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaragoza_(1808)" title="Siege of Zaragoza (1808)">1st Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valencia_(1808)" title="Battle of Valencia (1808)">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medina_de_Rioseco" title="Battle of Medina de Rioseco">Medina de Rioseco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bail%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bailén">Bailén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roli%C3%A7a" title="Battle of Roliça">Roliça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimeiro" title="Battle of Vimeiro">Vimeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zornoza" title="Battle of Zornoza">Zornoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmaseda" title="Battle of Valmaseda">Valmaseda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Espinosa_de_los_Monteros" title="Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros">Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tudela" title="Battle of Tudela">Tudela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somosierra" title="Battle of Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaragoza_(1809)" title="Siege of Zaragoza (1809)">2nd Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Battle of Sahagún">Sahagún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benavente" title="Battle of Benavente">Benavente</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1809</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Battle of Castellón">Castellón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ucl%C3%A9s_(1809)" title="Battle of Uclés (1809)">Uclés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corunna" title="Battle of Corunna">Corunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valls" title="Battle of Valls">Valls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_Rebellion" title="Tyrolean Rebellion">Tyrolean Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villafranca_(1809)" title="Battle of Villafranca (1809)">Villafranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Los_Y%C3%A9benes" title="Battle of Los Yébenes">Yevenes/Yébenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Battle of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Porto" title="First Battle of Porto">1st Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Medell%C3%ADn" title="Battle of Medellín">Medellín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Bergisel" title="Battles of Bergisel">Bergisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sacile" title="Battle of Sacile">Sacile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Teugen-Hausen" title="Battle of Teugen-Hausen">Teugen-Hausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raszyn_(1809)" title="Battle of Raszyn (1809)">Raszyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abensberg" title="Battle of Abensberg">Abensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landshut_(1809)" title="Battle of Landshut (1809)">Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eckm%C3%BChl" title="Battle of Eckmühl">Eckmühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ratisbon" title="Battle of Ratisbon">Ratisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neumarkt-Sankt_Veit" title="Battle of Neumarkt-Sankt Veit">Neumarkt-Sankt Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Campaign_(1809)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmatian Campaign (1809)">Dalmatian Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebelsberg" title="Battle of Ebelsberg">Ebelsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_siege_of_Girona_(Peninsular_War)" title="Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War)">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piave_River_(1809)" title="Battle of Piave River (1809)">Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grij%C3%B3" title="Battle of Grijó">Grijó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Porto" title="Second Battle of Porto">2nd Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%B6rgl" title="Battle of Wörgl">Wörgl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarvis_(1809)" title="Battle of Tarvis (1809)">Tarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspern-Essling" title="Battle of Aspern-Essling">Aspern-Essling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alca%C3%B1iz" title="Battle of Alcañiz">Alcañiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sankt_Michael" title="Battle of Sankt Michael">Sankt Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stralsund_(1809)" title="Battle of Stralsund (1809)">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raab_(1809)" title="Battle of Raab (1809)">Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mar%C3%ADa" title="Battle of María">María</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Graz" title="Battle of Graz">Graz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Wagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Korneuburg" title="Combat of Korneuburg">Korneuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Stockerau" title="Combat of Stockerau">Stockerau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gefrees" title="Battle of Gefrees">Gefrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hollabrunn_(1809)" title="Battle of Hollabrunn (1809)">Hollabrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Sch%C3%B6ngrabern" title="Combat of Schöngrabern">Schöngrabern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Znaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice of Znaim">Armistice of Znaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talavera" title="Battle of Talavera">Talavera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walcheren_Campaign" title="Walcheren Campaign">Walcheren Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%96lper_(1809)" title="Battle of Ölper (1809)">Ölper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almonacid" title="Battle of Almonacid">Almonacid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tamames" title="Battle of Tamames">Tamames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oca%C3%B1a" title="Battle of Ocaña">Ocaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alba_de_Tormes" title="Battle of Alba de Tormes">Alba de Tormes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1810</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Siege of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Astorga" title="Siege of Astorga">Astorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1810)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1810)">Ciudad Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Barquilla_(1810)" title="Combat of Barquilla (1810)">Barquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_the_C%C3%B4a" title="Combat of the Côa">Côa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Almeida_(1810)" title="Siege of Almeida (1810)">Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bussaco" title="Battle of Bussaco">Bussaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1811</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gebora" title="Battle of the Gebora">Gebora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barrosa" title="Battle of Barrosa">Barrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pombal" title="Battle of Pombal">Pombal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Redinha" title="Battle of Redinha">Redinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casal_Novo" title="Battle of Casal Novo">Casal Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campo_Maior" title="Battle of Campo Maior">Campo Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabugal" title="Battle of Sabugal">Sabugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Almeida" title="Blockade of Almeida">Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fuentes_de_O%C3%B1oro" title="Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro">Fuentes de Oñoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarragona_(1811)" title="Siege of Tarragona (1811)">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albuera" title="Battle of Albuera">Albuera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Usagre" title="Battle of Usagre">Usagre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saguntum" title="Battle of Saguntum">Saguntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arroyo_dos_Molinos" title="Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos">Arroyo dos Molinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Valencia_(1812)" title="Siege of Valencia (1812)">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1812</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1812)" title="Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)">Ciudad Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Badajoz_(1812)" title="Siege of Badajoz (1812)">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villagarcia" title="Battle of Villagarcia">Villagarcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almaraz" title="Battle of Almaraz">Almaraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maguilla" title="Battle of Maguilla">Maguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mir_(1812)" title="Battle of Mir (1812)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ekau" title="Battle of Ekau">Ekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamanca" title="Battle of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garc%C3%ADa_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Battle of García Hernández">García Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltanovka" title="Battle of Saltanovka">Saltanovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrovno" title="Battle of Ostrovno">Ostrovno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitebsk_(1812)" title="Battle of Vitebsk (1812)">Vitebsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kobrin" title="Battle of Kobrin">Kobryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klyastitsy" title="Battle of Klyastitsy">Klyastitsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majadahonda" title="Battle of Majadahonda">Majadahonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorodechno" title="Battle of Gorodechno">Gorodechno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smolensk_(1812)" title="Battle of Smolensk (1812)">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Polotsk" title="First Battle of Polotsk">1st Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valutino" title="Battle of Valutino">Valutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mesoten" title="Battle of Mesoten">Mesoten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Borodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_occupation_of_Moscow" title="French occupation of Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Burgos" title="Siege of Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarutino" title="Battle of Tarutino">Tarutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Polotsk" title="Second Battle of Polotsk">2nd Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Venta_del_Pozo" title="Battle of Venta del Pozo">Venta del Pozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maloyaroslavets" title="Battle of Maloyaroslavets">Maloyaroslavets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chashniki" title="Battle of Chashniki">Chashniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyazma" title="Battle of Vyazma">Vyazma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smoliani" title="Battle of Smoliani">Smoliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnoi" title="Battle of Krasnoi">Krasnoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berezina" title="Battle of Berezina">Berezina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1813</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castalla" title="Battle of Castalla">Castalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Lützen (1813)">Lützen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bautzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Bautzen (1813)">Bautzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tarragona_(1813)" title="Siege of Tarragona (1813)">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Luckau" title="Battle of Luckau">Luckau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="Siege of San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Battle of the Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sorauren" title="Battle of Sorauren">Sorauren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gro%C3%9Fbeeren" title="Battle of Großbeeren">Großbeeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Katzbach" title="Battle of the Katzbach">Katzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dresden" title="Battle of Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulm" title="Battle of Kulm">1st Kulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marcial" title="Battle of San Marcial">San Marcial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dennewitz" title="Battle of Dennewitz">Dennewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kulm" title="Second Battle of Kulm">2nd Kulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_G%C3%B6hrde" title="Battle of the Göhrde">Göhrde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_of_Ro%C3%9Flau" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat of Roßlau">Roßlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wartenburg" title="Battle of Wartenburg">Wartenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bidassoa" title="Battle of the Bidassoa">Bidassoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanau" title="Battle of Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nivelle" title="Battle of Nivelle">Nivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bornh%C3%B6ved_(1813)" title="Battle of Bornhöved (1813)">Bornhöved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sehested" title="Battle of Sehested">Sehested</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1814</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brienne" title="Battle of Brienne">Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Rothi%C3%A8re" title="Battle of La Rothière">La Rothière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mincio_River_(1814)" title="Battle of the Mincio River (1814)">Mincio River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Champaubert" title="Battle of Champaubert">Champaubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montmirail" title="Battle of Montmirail">Montmirail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2teau-Thierry_(1814)" title="Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)">Château-Thierry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vauchamps" title="Battle of Vauchamps">Vauchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garris" title="Battle of Garris">Garris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mormant" title="Battle of Mormant">Mormant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montereau" title="Battle of Montereau">Montereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orthez" title="Battle of Orthez">Orthez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bar-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Bar-sur-Aube">Bar-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Laon" title="Battle of Laon">Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Reims_(1814)" title="Battle of Reims (1814)">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craonne" title="Battle of Craonne">Craonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcis-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube">Arcis-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_F%C3%A8re-Champenoise" title="Battle of Fère-Champenoise">Fère-Champenoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Dizier" title="Battle of Saint-Dizier">Saint-Dizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(1814)" title="Battle of Toulouse (1814)">Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayonne" title="Battle of Bayonne">Bayonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1815</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Panaro" title="Battle of the Panaro">Panaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Occhiobello" title="Battle of Occhiobello">Occhiobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carpi_(1815)" title="Battle of Carpi (1815)">Carpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casaglia" title="Battle of Casaglia">Casaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ronco" title="Battle of Ronco">Ronco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cesenatico" title="Battle of Cesenatico">Cesenatico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pesaro" title="Battle of Pesaro">Pesaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Scapezzano" title="Battle of Scapezzano">Scapezzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tolentino" title="Battle of Tolentino">Tolentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ancona" title="Siege of Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castel_di_Sangro" title="Battle of Castel di Sangro">Castel di Sangro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Germano" title="Battle of San Germano">San Germano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1815)" title="Siege of Gaeta (1815)">Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quatre_Bras" title="Battle of Quatre Bras">Quatre Bras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny" title="Battle of Ligny">Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wavre" title="Battle of Wavre">Wavre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocheserviere" title="Battle of Rocheserviere">Rocheserviere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Suffel" title="Battle of La Suffel">La Suffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocquencourt" title="Battle of Rocquencourt">Rocquencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Issy" title="Battle of Issy">Issy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Info</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French and ally<br />military and<br />political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Victor-Perrin,_Duc_de_Belluno" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno">Marshal Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Charles_Villeneuve" title="Pierre-Charles Villeneuve">Pierre-Charles Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Prince Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Prince Eugène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_Joseph_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria">Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick I of Württemberg">Frederick I of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coalition<br />military and<br />political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Hill,_1st_Viscount_Hill" title="Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill">Rowland Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Moore (British Army officer)">John Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Thomas Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lape%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Lapeña">Manuel Lapeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp,_Prince_of_Schwarzenberg" title="Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg">Prince von Schwarzenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Mikhail Kutuzov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly" title="Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly">Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levin_August_von_Bennigsen" title="Levin August von Bennigsen">Count Bennigsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Bagration" title="Pyotr Bagration">Pyotr Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wittgenstein" title="Peter Wittgenstein">Peter Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">Frederick William III of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher">Gebhard von Blücher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Prince of Hohenlohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ricardo_de_%C3%81lava" title="Miguel Ricardo de Álava">Miguel de Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">Prince Regent John of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Pereira_Forjaz,_Count_of_Feira" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Pereira Forjaz, Count of Feira">Count of Feira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William, Prince of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Prince Charles John of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1796%E2%80%931808)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)">Anglo-Spanish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Swedish_War_(1810%E2%80%931812)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)">Anglo-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Turkish_War_(1807%E2%80%931809)" title="Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)">Anglo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Wars_(Scandinavia)" title="English Wars (Scandinavia)">Anglo-Danish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat_War" title="Gunboat War">Gunboat War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_of_1808%E2%80%931809" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809">Dano-Swedish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Swedish_War" title="Franco-Swedish War">Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War_(1814)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)">Swedish–Norwegian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Campo Formio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Lunéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Artlenburg" title="Convention of Artlenburg">Artlenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Pressburg_(1805)" title="Peace of Pressburg (1805)">Pressburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Finckenstein" title="Treaty of Finckenstein">Finckenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Tilsit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Cintra" title="Convention of Cintra">Cintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn" title="Treaty of Schönbrunn">Schönbrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1810)" title="Treaty of Paris (1810)">Paris (1810)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(24_February_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (24 February 1812)">Paris (February 1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(14_March_1812)" title="Treaty of Paris (14 March 1812)">Paris (March 1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Paris (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Tauroggen" title="Convention of Tauroggen">Tauroggen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ried" title="Treaty of Ried">Ried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaumont" title="Treaty of Chaumont">Chaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mantua" title="Convention of Mantua">Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Casalanza" title="Treaty of Casalanza">Casalanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">Fontainebleau (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1815)" title="Treaty of Paris (1815)">Paris (1815)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="List of books about the Napoleonic Wars">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars_casualties" title="Napoleonic Wars casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Erfurt" title="Congress of Erfurt">Congress of Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Dresden_(1812)" title="Conference of Dresden (1812)">Conference of Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_expects_that_every_man_will_do_his_duty" title="England expects that every man will do his duty">England expects that every man will do his duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Napoleonic_Wars_films" title="List of Napoleonic Wars films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_La_Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Uniforms of La Grande Armée">Uniforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwood_House" title="Longwood House">Longwood House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_military_forces_in_the_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Types of military forces in the Napoleonic Wars">Types of military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249232#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata942" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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