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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taburan_geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taburan_geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taburan geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taburan_geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_istilah_"jurang"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_istilah_"jurang""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah istilah "jurang"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_istilah_"jurang"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurang_lautan_paling_dalam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurang_lautan_paling_dalam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jurang lautan paling dalam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jurang_lautan_paling_dalam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurang_lautan_terkenal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurang_lautan_terkenal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jurang lautan terkenal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jurang_lautan_terkenal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurang_lautan_purba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurang_lautan_purba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Jurang lautan purba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jurang_lautan_purba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jurang lautan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 59 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseaantrog" title="Oseaantrog – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oseaantrog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="خندق محيطي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خندق محيطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuexa_oce%C3%A1nica" title="Fuexa oceánica – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fuexa oceánica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palung_Samudra" title="Palung Samudra – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palung Samudra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="সমুদ্র খাত – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সমুদ্র খাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Глыбакаводны жолаб – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глыбакаводны жолаб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foz_danvorel" title="Foz danvorel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Foz danvorel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Океанска падина – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Океанска падина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa_marina" title="Fossa marina – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fossa marina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlubokomo%C5%99sk%C3%BD_p%C5%99%C3%ADkop" title="Hlubokomořský příkop – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlubokomořský příkop" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceangrav" title="Oceangrav – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oceangrav" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefseerinne" title="Tiefseerinne – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tiefseerinne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCvik" title="Süvik – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süvik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Oceanic trench" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosa_oce%C3%A1nica" title="Fosa oceánica – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fosa oceánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profunda_submara_fosego" title="Profunda submara fosego – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Profunda submara fosego" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsas_hobi" title="Itsas hobi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsas hobi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="درازگودال – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درازگودال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosse_oc%C3%A9anique" title="Fosse océanique – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fosse océanique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinse_aig%C3%A9anach" title="Trinse aigéanach – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Trinse aigéanach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosa_abisal" title="Fosa abisal – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fosa abisal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EA%B5%AC" title="해구 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BB%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խորջրյա անդունդներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորջրյա անդունդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="महासागरीय गर्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महासागरीय गर्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanski_jarak" title="Oceanski jarak – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oceanski jarak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa_oceanica" title="Fossa oceanica – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fossa oceanica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleng" title="Teleng – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Teleng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ღრმა ზღვის ღარი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღრმა ზღვის ღარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D2%B1%D2%A3%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Шұңғыма – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шұңғыма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Кобул – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кобул" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfereji_wa_bahari" title="Mfereji wa bahari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfereji wa bahari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranche_soumaren" title="Tranche soumaren – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tranche soumaren" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giliavandenis_lovys" title="Giliavandenis lovys – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Giliavandenis lovys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/condi_jorne_xamsi" title="condi jorne xamsi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="condi jorne xamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ce%C3%A1ni_%C3%A1rok" title="Óceáni árok – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Óceáni árok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Океански ров – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Океански ров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="समुद्रगर्ता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="समुद्रगर्ता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trog_(geologie)" title="Trog (geologie) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trog (geologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%BA%9D" title="海溝 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="海溝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyphavsgrop" title="Dyphavsgrop – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dyphavsgrop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuphavsgrop" title="Djuphavsgrop – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Djuphavsgrop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2ssa_oceanica" title="Fòssa oceanica – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fòssa oceanica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3w_oceaniczny" title="Rów oceaniczny – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rów oceaniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa_oce%C3%A2nica" title="Fossa oceânica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fossa oceânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Глубоководный жёлоб – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глубоководный жёлоб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendeku_oqeanik" title="Hendeku oqeanik – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hendeku oqeanik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oceanic trench" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlbokomorsk%C3%A1_priekopa" title="Hlbokomorská priekopa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hlbokomorská priekopa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanski_jarek" title="Oceanski jarek – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oceanski jarek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeanski_rov" title="Okeanski rov – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Okeanski rov" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palung_laut" title="Palung laut – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Palung laut" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syv%C3%A4nmeren_hauta" title="Syvänmeren hauta – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syvänmeren hauta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuphavsgrav" title="Djuphavsgrav – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Djuphavsgrav" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3" title="ร่องลึกก้นสมุทร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ร่องลึกก้นสมุทร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A3nh_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_d%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Rãnh đại dương – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rãnh đại dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyanus_%C3%A7ukurluklar%C4%B1" title="Okyanus çukurlukları – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Okyanus çukurlukları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Океанічний жолоб – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Океанічний жолоб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%BA%9D" title="海溝 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海溝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B2%9F" title="海沟 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海沟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q119253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jurang_lautan" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Jurang_lautan&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jurang_lautan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jurang_lautan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Jurang_lautan" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Jurang_lautan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&oldid=4914796" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Jurang_lautan&id=4914796&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJurang_lautan"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJurang_lautan"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Jurang+lautan"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jurang_lautan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oceanic_trenches" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q119253" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Oceanic_spreading.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oceanic_spreading.svg/300px-Oceanic_spreading.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oceanic_spreading.svg/450px-Oceanic_spreading.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oceanic_spreading.svg/600px-Oceanic_spreading.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Kerak lautan terbentuk di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabung_lautan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabung lautan (laman tidak wujud)">rabung lautan</a>, manakala litosfera dibenam semula ke dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astenosfera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astenosfera (laman tidak wujud)">astenosfera</a> di jurang.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jurang lautan</b> atau <b>Parit lautan</b> adalah lekukan topografi dasar laut berskala hemisfera yang panjang tetapi sempit. Ia juga adalah bahagian dasar laut yang paling dalam. Jurang lautan adalah ciri morfologi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sempadan_tumpu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sempadan tumpu (laman tidak wujud)">sempadan plat tumpu</a> yang tersendiri, bersama-sama <a href="/wiki/Plat_tektonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Plat tektonik">plat</a> <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfera</a> bergerak ke arah satu sama lain pada kadar yang berbeza-beza dari beberapa mm hingga lebih sepuluh cm setahun. Jurang menandakan kedudukan di mana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidur_(geologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bidur (geologi) (laman tidak wujud)">bidur</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benam (laman tidak wujud)">benam</a> dilentur mula menuruni ke bawah bidur lithosfera lain. Jurang umumnya selari dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lengkok_kepulauan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lengkok kepulauan (laman tidak wujud)">lengkok kepulauan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_gunung_berapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau gunung berapi (laman tidak wujud)">gunung berapi</a>, dan kira-kira 200 km (120 bt) daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lengkok_gunung_berapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lengkok gunung berapi (laman tidak wujud)">lengkok gunung berapi</a>. Jurang lautan biasanya mengunjur 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 bt) di bawah paras lantai lautan di sekitarnya. Kedalaman laut yang paling dalam yang pernah diukur adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger_Deep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Challenger Deep (laman tidak wujud)">Challenger Deep</a> di dalam <a href="/wiki/Jurang_Mariana" title="Jurang Mariana">Jurang Mariana</a>, pada kedalaman 11,034 m (36,201 ka) di bawah paras laut. Litosfera lautan bergerak ke jurang pada kadar global kira-kira 3 km<sup>2</sup>/thn.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taburan_geografi">Taburan geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Taburan geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Taburan geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Pacific_elevation2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pacific_elevation2.jpg/350px-Pacific_elevation2.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pacific_elevation2.jpg/525px-Pacific_elevation2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pacific_elevation2.jpg/700px-Pacific_elevation2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2036" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption>Jurang utama Pasifik (1-10) dan zon rekahan (11-20): 1. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Kermadec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Kermadec (laman tidak wujud)">Kermadec</a> 2. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Tonga (laman tidak wujud)">Tonga</a> 3. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Bougainville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Bougainville (laman tidak wujud)">Bougainville</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Jurang_Mariana" title="Jurang Mariana">Mariana</a> 5. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Izu-Ogasawara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Izu-Ogasawara (laman tidak wujud)">Izu-Ogasawara</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Jurang_Jepun" title="Jurang Jepun">Jepun</a> 7. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Kuril%E2%80%93Kamchatka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Kuril–Kamchatka (laman tidak wujud)">Kuril–Kamchatka</a> 8. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Aleutian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Aleutian (laman tidak wujud)">Aleutian</a> 9. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Amerika_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Amerika Tengah (laman tidak wujud)">Amerika Tengah</a> 10. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Peru-Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Peru-Chile (laman tidak wujud)">Peru-Chile</a> 11. Mendocino 12. Murray 13. Molokai 14. Clarion 15. Clipperton 16. Challenger 17. Eltanin 18. Udintsev 19. Kenaikan Pasifik Timur (berbentuk S) 20. Rabung Nazca </figcaption></figure> <p>Terdapat lebih kurang 50,000 km (31,000 bt) daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sempadan_tumpu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sempadan tumpu (laman tidak wujud)">pinggir plat tumpu</a>, kebanyakannya sekitar <a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> - sebab-sebab dirujuk sebagai pinggir "jenis Pasifik"—tetapi mereka juga ada di timur <a href="/wiki/Lautan_Hindi" title="Lautan Hindi">Lautan Hindi</a>, dengan segmen pinggir tumpu agak pendek di <a href="/wiki/Lautan_Atlantik" title="Lautan Atlantik">Lautan Atlantik</a> dan di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Mediterranean" title="Laut Mediterranean">Laut Mediterranean</a>. Jurang kadang-kadang tertimbus dan kurang penampilan batimetriknya, tetapi struktur asas yang diwakilinya bermakna istilah itu juga juga perlu digunakan. Ini terpakai kepada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_benam_Cascadia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon benam Cascadia (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Cascadia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makran (laman tidak wujud)">Makran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesser_Antilles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesser Antilles (laman tidak wujud)">Lesser Antilles</a> selatan, dan <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>. Jurang bersama-sama dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lengkok_gunung_berapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lengkok gunung berapi (laman tidak wujud)">lengkok gunung berapi</a> dan zon <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumiyang</a> berada di bawah lengkok gunung berapi sedalam 700 km (430 bt) adalah sempadan plat tumpudiagnostik dan manifestasi mereka yang lebih dalam, <a href="/wiki/Zon_benam" title="Zon benam">zon benam</a>. Jurang adalah berkaitan dengan tetapi dibezakan daripada zon perlanggaran benua (seperti antara India dan Asia yang membentuk <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a>), di mana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerak_benua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerak benua (laman tidak wujud)">kerak benua</a> memasuki zon benam. Apabila kerak benua apung memasuki jurang, benam akhirnya berhenti dan pinggir plat tumpu menjadi zon perlanggaran. Ciri-ciri yang serupa dengan jurang dikaitkan dengan zon perlanggaran; iaitu jurang depan berisi sedimen disebut sebagai lembangan tanjung pinggir, seperti yang dilalui <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ganges" title="Sungai Ganges">Sungai Ganges</a> dan Sungai Tigris-Euphrates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_istilah_"jurang""><span id="Sejarah_istilah_.22jurang.22"></span>Sejarah istilah "jurang"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah istilah "jurang"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah istilah "jurang""><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jurang tidak ditakrifkan dengan jelas sehingga tahun 1940-an dan 1950-an. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batimetri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batimetri (laman tidak wujud)">Batimetri</a> lautan terbuka tidak menjadi kepentingan sebenar sehinggalah abad lewat 19-an dan abad ke-20 awal, dengan pemasangan awal <a href="/wiki/Kabel_telegraf_rentas_Atlantik" title="Kabel telegraf rentas Atlantik">kabel telegraf rentas Atlantik</a> di dasar laut antara benua. Namun begitu ungkapan batimetri bagi parit memanjang tidak diiktiraf sehingga dalam abad ke-20. Istilah "jurang" tidak muncul dalam buku klasik <a href="/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi">oseanografi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Murray_(pakar_osenografi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Murray (pakar osenografi) (laman tidak wujud)">Murray</a> dan Hjort (1912). Sebaliknya mereka digunakan istilah "deep" (kedalaman) untuk bahagian-bahagian lautan yang paling dalam, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Challenger_Deep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Challenger Deep (laman tidak wujud)">Challenger Deep</a>. Pengalaman dari medan pertemputan <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a> terpampang konsep <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peperangan_parit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peperangan parit (laman tidak wujud)">peperangan parit</a> sebagai palung memanjang yang menentukan sempadan penting, maka adalah tidak mengejutkan bahawa istilah "parit" atau "jurang" telah digunakan untuk menerangkan ciri-ciri semula jadi itu pada awal 1920-an. </p><p>Istilah ini pertama kali digunakan dalam konteks geologi oleh Scofield dua tahun selepas perang berakhir untuk menggambarkan struktur palung terkawal dalam <a href="/wiki/Pergunungan_Rocky" class="mw-redirect" title="Pergunungan Rocky">Pergunungan Rocky</a>. Johnstone, dalam buku teks 1923 beliau "<i>An Introduction to Oceanography</i>" (Pengenalan kepada Oseanografi), pertama kali menggunakan istilah dalam erti kata yang mudah, bagi mana-mana tanda-tanda palung memanjang di dasar laut. </p><p>Dalam tahun 1920-an dan 1930-an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Andries_Vening_Meinesz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Andries Vening Meinesz (laman tidak wujud)">Felix Andries Vening Meinesz</a> membangunkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravimeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravimeter (laman tidak wujud)">gravimeter</a> unik yang boleh mengukur <a href="/wiki/Graviti" title="Graviti">graviti</a> dalam persekitaran kapal selam yang stabil dan menggunakannya untuk mengukur graviti ke atas jurang. Pengukuran beliau mendedahkan bahawa jurang adalah tapak bagi <a href="/wiki/Junam_air" title="Junam air">junam air</a> dalam Bumi. Konsep downwelling di jurang telah disifatkan oleh Griggs pada tahun 1939 sebagai hipotesis tektogen, yang mana beliau membangunkan model analog menggunakan sepasang gendang berputar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> di Pasifik membawa kepada peningkatan besar batimetri terutama di Pasifik barat dan utara, dan sifat linear kedalaman ini menjadi jelas. Pertumbuhan pesat usaha penyelidikan laut dalam, terutama penggunaan meluas pemerum gema pada 1950-an dan 1960-an mengesahkan utiliti morfologi istilah ini. Jurang penting telah dikenal pasti, disampel, dan kedalaman terbesar telah dipastikan melalui sonar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurang_lautan_paling_dalam">Jurang lautan paling dalam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Jurang lautan paling dalam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jurang lautan paling dalam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jurang </th> <th>Lautan </th> <th>Kedalaman maksimum </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jurang_Mariana" title="Jurang Mariana">Jurang Mariana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>11,034 m (36,201 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Tonga (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Tonga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>10,882 m (35,702 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Filipina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Filipina (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Filipina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>10,545 m (34,596 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Kuril%E2%80%93Kamchatka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Kuril–Kamchatka (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Kuril–Kamchatka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>10,542 m (34,587 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Kermadec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Kermadec (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Kermadec</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>10,047 m (32,963 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jurang Izu-Bonin (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Izu-Ogasawara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Izu-Ogasawara (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Izu-Ogasawara</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>9,810 m (32,190 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jurang_Jepun" title="Jurang Jepun">Jurang Jepun</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>9,504 m (31,181 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Puerto Rico (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Puerto Rico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Atlantik" title="Lautan Atlantik">Lautan Atlantik</a> </td> <td>8,800 m (28,900 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Sandwich_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Sandwich Selatan (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Sandwich Selatan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Atlantik" title="Lautan Atlantik">Lautan Atlantik</a> </td> <td>8,428 m (27,651 ka) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Peru%E2%80%93Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Peru–Chile (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Peru–Chile</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Atacama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Atacama (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Atacama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a> </td> <td>8,065 m (26,460 ka) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurang_lautan_terkenal">Jurang lautan terkenal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Jurang lautan terkenal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jurang lautan terkenal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jurang</th> <th>Lokasi </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Aleutian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Aleutian (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Aleutian</a> </td> <td>Selatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepulauan_Aleutian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepulauan Aleutian (laman tidak wujud)">Kepulauan Aleutian</a>, di barat <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Bougainville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Bougainville (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Bougainville</a> </td> <td>Selatan <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Cayman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Cayman (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Cayman</a> </td> <td>Barat <a href="/wiki/Laut_Caribbean" title="Laut Caribbean">Laut Caribbean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Cedros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Cedros (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Cedros</a> (tidak aktif) </td> <td>Pantai Pasifik <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Hikurangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Hikurangi (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Hikurangi</a> </td> <td>Timur <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Izu-Ogasawara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Izu-Ogasawara (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Izu-Ogasawara</a> </td> <td>Berhampiran pulau-pulau <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Izu" title="Kepulauan Izu">Izu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Bonin" title="Kepulauan Bonin">Bonin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jurang_Jepun" title="Jurang Jepun">Jurang Jepun</a> </td> <td>Timur laut <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Kermadec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Kermadec (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Kermadec</a> * </td> <td>Timur laut <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Kuril-Kamchatka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Kuril-Kamchatka (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Kuril-Kamchatka</a> * </td> <td>Berhampiran <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Kuril" title="Kepulauan Kuril">kepulauan Kuril</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Manila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Manila (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Manila</a> </td> <td>Barat <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, Filipina </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jurang_Mariana" title="Jurang Mariana">Jurang Mariana</a> * </td> <td>Barat <a href="/wiki/Lautan_Pasifik" title="Lautan Pasifik">Lautan Pasifik</a>; timur <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Mariana" title="Kepulauan Mariana">Kepulauan Mariana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Middle_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Middle America (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Middle America</a> </td> <td>Timur Lautan Pasifik; luar pantai <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_New_Hebrides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang New Hebrides (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang New Hebrides</a> </td> <td>Barat <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> (Kepulauan New Hebrides). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Peru%E2%80%93Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Peru–Chile (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Peru–Chile</a> </td> <td>Timur Lautan Pasifik; luar pantai <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Filipina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Filipina (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Filipina</a> * </td> <td>Timur <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Puerto Rico (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Puerto Rico</a> </td> <td>Sempadan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Caribbean" title="Laut Caribbean">Laut Caribbean</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lautan_Atlantik" title="Lautan Atlantik">Lautan Atlantik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Puysegur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Puysegur (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Puysegur</a> </td> <td>Barat daya <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Ryukyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Ryukyu (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Ryukyu</a> </td> <td>Pinggir timur <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Ryukyu" title="Kepulauan Ryukyu">Kepulauan Ryukyu</a> Jepun </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Sandwich_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Sandwich Selatan (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Sandwich Selatan</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Sunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Sunda (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Sunda</a> </td> <td>Lengkung dari selatan <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> ke barat <a href="/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nicobar" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar">Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Tonga (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Tonga</a> * </td> <td>Berhampiran <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Yap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Yap (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Yap</a> </td> <td>Barat Lautan Pasifik; antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepulauan_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepulauan Palau (laman tidak wujud)">Kepulauan Palau</a> dan Jurang Mariana </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>(*) 5 jurang paling dalam di dunia </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurang_lautan_purba">Jurang lautan purba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Jurang lautan purba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jurang lautan purba"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jurang</th> <th>Lokasi </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Intermontane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Intermontane (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Intermontane</a> </td> <td>Barat <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Utara" title="Amerika Utara">Amerika Utara</a>; antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepulauan_Intermontane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepulauan Intermontane (laman tidak wujud)">Kepulauan Intermontane</a> dan Amerika Utara </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Insular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Insular (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Insular</a> </td> <td>Barat Amerika Utara; antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepulauan_Insular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepulauan Insular (laman tidak wujud)">Kepulauan Insular</a> dan Kepulauan Intermontane </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_Farallon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurang Farallon (laman tidak wujud)">Jurang Farallon</a> </td> <td>Barat Amerika Utara </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jurang_Tethyan" title="Jurang Tethyan">Jurang Tethyan</a> </td> <td>Selatan <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oseanografi_fizikal" title="Oseanografi fizikal">Oseanografi fizikal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRowley2002" class="citation journal cs1">Rowley, David B. (2002). "Rate of plate creation and destruction: 180 Ma to present". <i>Geological Society of America Bulletin</i>. <b>114</b> (8): 927–933. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002GSAB..114..927R">2002GSAB..114..927R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0016-7606%282002%29114%3C0927%3AROPCAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0927:ROPCAD>2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Society+of+America+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Rate+of+plate+creation+and+destruction%3A+180+Ma+to+present&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=927-933&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0016-7606%282002%29114%3C0927%3AROPCAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002GSAB..114..927R&rft.aulast=Rowley&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AJurang+lautan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurang_lautan&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6173370"><div class="reflist"> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen1996" class="citation journal cs1">Christensen, UR (1996). 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href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang_ganas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelombang ganas (laman tidak wujud)">Gelombang ganas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang_Rossby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelombang Rossby (laman tidak wujud)">Gelombang Rossby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang_graviti_Rossby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelombang graviti Rossby (laman tidak wujud)">Gelombang graviti Rossby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keadaan_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keadaan laut (laman tidak wujud)">keadaan laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seiche (laman tidak wujud)">Seiche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketinggian_ombak_ketara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketinggian ombak ketara (laman tidak wujud)">Ketinggian ombak ketara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ombak_besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ombak besar (laman tidak wujud)">Ombak besar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soliton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soliton (laman tidak wujud)">Soliton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapisan_sempadan_Stokes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapisan sempadan Stokes (laman tidak wujud)">Lapisan sempadan Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanyutan_Stokes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanyutan Stokes (laman tidak wujud)">Hanyutan Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang_Stokes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelombang Stokes (laman tidak wujud)">Gelombang Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alun_(lautan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alun (lautan)">Alun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ombak_trokoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ombak trokoid (laman tidak wujud)">Ombak trokoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">Tsunami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megatsunami" title="Megatsunami">Megatsunami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arus_karau_(ombak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arus karau (ombak) (laman tidak wujud)">Arus karau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nombor_Ursell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nombor Ursell (laman tidak wujud)">Nombor Ursell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tindakan_ombak_(mekanik_kontinum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tindakan ombak (mekanik kontinum) (laman tidak wujud)">Tindakan ombak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasar_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasar gelombang (laman tidak wujud)">Dasar gelombang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tinggi_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tinggi gelombang (laman tidak wujud)">Tinggi gelombang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuasa_ombak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuasa ombak (laman tidak wujud)">Kuasa ombak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radar_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radar gelombang (laman tidak wujud)">Radar gelombang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persediaan_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persediaan gelombang (laman tidak wujud)">Persediaan gelombang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembetingan_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembetingan gelombang (laman tidak wujud)">Pembetingan gelombang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kegeloraan_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kegeloraan gelombang (laman tidak wujud)">Kegeloraan gelombang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaksi_gelombang_arus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interaksi gelombang arus (laman tidak wujud)">Interaksi gelombang arus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ombak_dan_air_cetek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ombak dan air cetek (laman tidak wujud)">Ombak dan air cetek</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_satu_dimensi_Saint-Venant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persamaan satu dimensi Saint-Venant (laman tidak wujud)">Persamaan satu dimensi Saint-Venant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persamaan_air_cetek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persamaan air cetek (laman tidak wujud)">Persamaan air cetek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelombang_angin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang angin">Gelombang angin</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_gelombang_angin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model gelombang angin (laman tidak wujud)">model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Upwelling.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Julang air"><img alt="Julang air" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upwelling.svg/140px-Upwelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upwelling.svg/210px-Upwelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Upwelling.svg/280px-Upwelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="242" /></a></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Antarctic_bottom_water.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Air bawah Antartika"><img alt="Air bawah Antartika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Antarctic_bottom_water.svg/140px-Antarctic_bottom_water.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Antarctic_bottom_water.svg/210px-Antarctic_bottom_water.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Antarctic_bottom_water.svg/280px-Antarctic_bottom_water.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="470" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arus_lautan" title="Arus lautan">Peredaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_atmosfera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peredaran atmosfera (laman tidak wujud)">Peredaran atmosfera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barokliniti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barokliniti (laman tidak wujud)">Barokliniti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arus_sempadan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arus sempadan (laman tidak wujud)">Arus sempadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesan_Coriolis" title="Kesan Coriolis">Kesan Coriolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junam_air" title="Junam air">Junam air</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusar_(dinamik_bendalir)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusar (dinamik bendalir) (laman tidak wujud)">pusar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapisan_Ekman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapisan Ekman (laman tidak wujud)">Lapisan Ekman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingkaran_Ekman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingkaran Ekman (laman tidak wujud)">Lingkaran Ekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkutan_Ekman" title="Angkutan Ekman">Angkutan Ekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getaran_Selatan_El_Ni%C3%B1o" title="Getaran Selatan El Niño">Getaran Selatan El Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_peredaran_Am&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model peredaran Am (laman tidak wujud)">Model peredaran Am</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arus_geostrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arus geostrof (laman tidak wujud)">Arus geostrof</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Projek_Analisis_Data_Lautan_Global&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Projek Analisis Data Lautan Global (laman tidak wujud)">Projek Analisis Data Lautan Global</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arus_Gulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arus Gulf (laman tidak wujud)">Arus Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_haloterma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peredaran haloterma (laman tidak wujud)">Peredaran haloterma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arus_Humbolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arus Humbolt (laman tidak wujud)">Arus Humbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredaran_hidroterma" title="Peredaran hidroterma">Peredaran hidroterma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_Langmuir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peredaran Langmuir (laman tidak wujud)">Peredaran Langmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyutan_susur_pesisir" title="Hanyutan susur pesisir">Hanyutan susur pesisir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arus_gelung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arus gelung (laman tidak wujud)">Arus gelung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maelstrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maelstrom (laman tidak wujud)">Maelstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_lautan_bermodul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model lautan bermodul (laman tidak wujud)">Model lautan bermodul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinamik_lautan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinamik lautan (laman tidak wujud)">Dinamik lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gir_lautan" title="Gir lautan">Gir lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_lautan_Princeton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model lautan Princeton (laman tidak wujud)">Model lautan Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arus_simbar" title="Arus simbar">Arus simbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arus_bawah_permukaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arus bawah permukaan (laman tidak wujud)">Arus bawah permukaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keseimbangan_Sverdrup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keseimbangan Sverdrup (laman tidak wujud)">Keseimbangan Sverdrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredaran_termohalin" title="Peredaran termohalin">Peredaran termohalin</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penutupan_peredaran_termohalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penutupan peredaran termohalin (laman tidak wujud)">Penutupan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julang_air" title="Julang air">Julang air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuk_pusar" title="Lubuk pusar">Lubuk pusar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksperimen_Peredaran_Lautan_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksperimen Peredaran Lautan Dunia (laman tidak wujud)">Eksperimen Peredaran Lautan Dunia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pasang_surut" title="Pasang surut">Pasang surut</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_amfidrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik amfidrom (laman tidak wujud)">Titik amfidrom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasang_surut_bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasang surut bumi (laman tidak wujud)">Pasang surut bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepala_pasang_surut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepala pasang surut (laman tidak wujud)">Kepala pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasang_surut_dalaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasang surut dalaman (laman tidak wujud)">Pasang surut dalaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sela_pasang_surut_qamari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sela pasang surut qamari (laman tidak wujud)">Sela pasang surut qamari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasang_surut_perbani_perigee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasang surut perbani perigee (laman tidak wujud)">Pasang surut perbani perigee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasang_surut_simbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasang surut simbar">Pasang surut simbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peraturan_perduabelas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peraturan perduabelas (laman tidak wujud)">Peraturan perduabelas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_genang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air genang (laman tidak wujud)">Air genang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bena" title="Bena">Bena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_pasang_surut" title="Daya pasang surut">Daya pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasa_pasang_surut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasa pasang surut (laman tidak wujud)">Kasa pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deras_pasang_surut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deras pasang surut (laman tidak wujud)">Deras pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julat_pasang_surut" title="Julat pasang surut">Julat pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resonans_pasang_surut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resonans pasang surut (laman tidak wujud)">Resonans pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolok_pasang_surut" title="Tolok pasang surut">Tolok pasang surut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_pasang_surut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis pasang surut (laman tidak wujud)">Garis pasang surut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bentuk_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentuk bumi">Bentuk bumi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kipas_abis" title="Kipas abis">Kipas abis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dataran_abis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dataran abis (laman tidak wujud)">Dataran abis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atol" title="Atol">Atol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carta_batimetri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carta batimetri (laman tidak wujud)">Carta batimetri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_pantai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi pantai (laman tidak wujud)">Geografi pantai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resap_sejuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resap sejuk (laman tidak wujud)">Resap sejuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinggir_benua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinggir benua (laman tidak wujud)">Pinggir benua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cangkat_benua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cangkat benua (laman tidak wujud)">Cangkat benua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentas_benua" title="Pentas benua">Pentas benua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konturit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konturit (laman tidak wujud)">Konturit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guyot (laman tidak wujud)">Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrografi" title="Hidrografi">Hidrografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembangan_lautan" title="Lembangan lautan">Lembangan lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dataran_lautan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dataran lautan (laman tidak wujud)">Dataran lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parit_lautan" class="mw-redirect" title="Parit lautan">Parit lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinggiran_pasif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinggiran pasif (laman tidak wujud)">Pinggiran pasif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasar_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasar laut (laman tidak wujud)">Dasar laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunung_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunung laut (laman tidak wujud)">Gunung laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngarai_bawah_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngarai bawah laut (laman tidak wujud)">Ngarai bawah laut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plat_tektonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Plat tektonik">Plat tektonik</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sempadan_menumpu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sempadan menumpu (laman tidak wujud)">Sempadan menumpu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sempadan_mencapah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sempadan mencapah (laman tidak wujud)">Sempadan mencapah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_retak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon retak (laman tidak wujud)">Zon retak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohong_hidroterma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohong hidroterma (laman tidak wujud)">Lohong hidroterma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geologi_marin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geologi marin (laman tidak wujud)">Geologi marin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabung_tengah_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabung tengah laut (laman tidak wujud)">Rabung tengah laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemisahan_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Pemisahan Mohorovičić">Pemisahan Mohorovičić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipotesis_Vine%E2%80%93Matthews%E2%80%93Morley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipotesis Vine–Matthews–Morley (laman tidak wujud)">Hipotesis Vine–Matthews–Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_lautan" title="Kerak lautan">Kerak lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampul_parit_luar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ampul parit luar (laman tidak wujud)">Ampul parit luar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permatang_tolakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permatang tolakan (laman tidak wujud)">Permatang tolakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perebakan_dasar_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perebakan dasar laut (laman tidak wujud)">Perebakan dasar laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarikan_papak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarikan papak (laman tidak wujud)">Tarikan papak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedutan_papak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedutan papak (laman tidak wujud)">Sedutan papak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetingkap_papak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetingkap papak (laman tidak wujud)">Tetingkap papak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benam (laman tidak wujud)">Benam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesar_jelmaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesar jelmaan (laman tidak wujud)">Sesar jelmaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lengkok_gunung_berapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lengkok gunung berapi (laman tidak wujud)">Lengkok gunung berapi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zon lautan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_bentos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon bentos (laman tidak wujud)">Bentos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_lautan_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air lautan dalam (laman tidak wujud)">Air lautan dalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laut_dalam" title="Laut dalam">Laut dalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zon_litoral" title="Zon litoral">Litoral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_mesopelagik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon mesopelagik (laman tidak wujud)">Mesopelagik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_lautan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon lautan (laman tidak wujud)">Lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_pelagik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon pelagik (laman tidak wujud)">Pelagik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_fotik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon fotik (laman tidak wujud)">Fotik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_luruan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon luruan (laman tidak wujud)">Luruan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aras_laut" title="Aras laut">Aras laut</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penilaian_dan_Pelaporan_Tsunami_Lautan_Dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penilaian dan Pelaporan Tsunami Lautan Dalam (laman tidak wujud)">Penilaian dan Pelaporan Tsunami Lautan Dalam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aras_laut_masa_depan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aras laut masa depan (laman tidak wujud)">Aras laut masa depan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_Pemerhatian_Laut_Peringkat_Global&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem Pemerhatian Laut Peringkat Global (laman tidak wujud)">Sistem Pemerhatian Laut Peringkat Global</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_Operasi_Oseanografi_Pentas_Barat_Laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem Operasi Oseanografi Pentas Barat Laut (laman tidak wujud)">Sistem Operasi Oseanografi Pentas Barat Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misi_Topografi_Permukaan_Lautan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misi Topografi Permukaan Lautan (laman tidak wujud)">Misi Topografi Permukaan Lautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keluk_aras_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keluk aras laut (laman tidak wujud)">Keluk aras laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_aras_laut" title="Kenaikan aras laut">Kenaikan aras laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_Geodetik_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem Geodetik Dunia (laman tidak wujud)">Sistem Geodetik Dunia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oseanografi_akustik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oseanografi akustik (laman tidak wujud)">Akustik</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div 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