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id="toc-Arcade_video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arcade_video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Arcade video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arcade_video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carnival_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carnival_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Carnival games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carnival_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electro-mechanical_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electro-mechanical_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Electro-mechanical games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electro-mechanical_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merchandiser_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merchandiser_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Merchandiser games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merchandiser_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pachinko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pachinko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Pachinko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pachinko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photo_booths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photo_booths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Photo booths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photo_booths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinball_machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinball_machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Pinball machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinball_machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slot_machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slot_machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Slot machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slot_machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Sports games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redemption_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redemption_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Redemption games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redemption_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Game_of_skill"_versus_"game_of_chance"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Game_of_skill"_versus_"game_of_chance""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>"Game of skill" versus "game of chance"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Game_of_skill"_versus_"game_of_chance"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Skee-Ball_and_carnival_games_(late_19th_century_to_1940s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skee-Ball_and_carnival_games_(late_19th_century_to_1940s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Skee-Ball and carnival games (late 19th century to 1940s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skee-Ball_and_carnival_games_(late_19th_century_to_1940s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinball_(1930s_to_1960s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinball_(1930s_to_1960s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pinball (1930s to 1960s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinball_(1930s_to_1960s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electro-mechanical_games_(1940s_to_1970s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electro-mechanical_games_(1940s_to_1970s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Electro-mechanical games (1940s to 1970s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electro-mechanical_games_(1940s_to_1970s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arcade_video_games_(1970s_to_present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arcade_video_games_(1970s_to_present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Arcade video games (1970s to present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arcade_video_games_(1970s_to_present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Trade associations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trade_associations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Trade associations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Trade_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Amusement_Machine_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Amusement_Machine_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>American Amusement Machine Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Amusement_Machine_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amusement_&_Music_Operators_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amusement_&_Music_Operators_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Amusement & Music Operators Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amusement_&_Music_Operators_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_Amusement_Machine_and_Marketing_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_Amusement_Machine_and_Marketing_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_Amusement_Machine_and_Marketing_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkade_oyunu" title="Arkade oyunu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arkade oyunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аркадна игра – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аркадна игра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9_arcade" title="Παιχνίδι arcade – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παιχνίδι arcade" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="بازی آرکید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی آرکید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_d%27arcade" title="Jeu d'arcade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeu d'arcade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84" title="아케이드 게임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아케이드 게임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Արկադային խաղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արկադային խաղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkadne_igre" title="Arkadne igre – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arkadne igre" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93" title="משחק ארקייד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משחק ארקייד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C4%81des_sp%C4%93le" title="Arkādes spēle – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arkādes spēle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کایەی ئەرکەید – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کایەی ئەرکەید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelautomat" title="Spelautomat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spelautomat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94" title="เกมอาร์เคด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกมอาร์เคด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آرکیڈ گیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرکیڈ گیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q113726751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about all types of amusement arcade games. For video games, see <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade video game</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Casino_game" title="Casino game">Casino game</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daikeien_amusement_arcade_2018-05-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Daikeien_amusement_arcade_2018-05-10.jpg/220px-Daikeien_amusement_arcade_2018-05-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Daikeien_amusement_arcade_2018-05-10.jpg/330px-Daikeien_amusement_arcade_2018-05-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Daikeien_amusement_arcade_2018-05-10.jpg/440px-Daikeien_amusement_arcade_2018-05-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">amusement arcade</a> featuring several different types of arcade games, located in <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba Prefecture</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>arcade game</b> or <b>coin-op game</b> is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in public businesses such as restaurants, bars and <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">amusement arcades</a>. Most arcade games are presented as primarily <a href="/wiki/Game_of_skill" title="Game of skill">games of skill</a> and include <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">arcade video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinball" title="Pinball">pinball</a> machines, electro-mechanical games, <a href="/wiki/Redemption_game" title="Redemption game">redemption games</a> or <a href="/wiki/Merchandisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchandisers">merchandisers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Broadly, arcade games are nearly always considered <a href="/wiki/Game_of_skill" title="Game of skill">games of skill</a>, with only some elements of <a href="/wiki/Game_of_chance" title="Game of chance">games of chance</a>. Games that are solely games of chance, like <a href="/wiki/Slot_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Slot machines">slot machines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pachinko" title="Pachinko">pachinko</a>, often are categorized legally as gambling devices and, due to restrictions, may not be made available to minors or without appropriate oversight in many jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arcade_video_games">Arcade video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arcade video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade video game</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcade_games_at_ZBase_in_Tampere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arcade_games_at_ZBase_in_Tampere.jpg/220px-Arcade_games_at_ZBase_in_Tampere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arcade_games_at_ZBase_in_Tampere.jpg/330px-Arcade_games_at_ZBase_in_Tampere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arcade_games_at_ZBase_in_Tampere.jpg/440px-Arcade_games_at_ZBase_in_Tampere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2273" data-file-height="1733" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade video games</a> at ZBase Entertainment Center in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>Arcade video games were first introduced in the early 1970s, with <i><a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a></i> as the first commercially successful game. Arcade video games use <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic</a> or computerized circuitry to take input from the player and translate that to an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic display">electronic display</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Display_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Display monitor">monitor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_set" title="Television set">television set</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carnival_games">Carnival games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carnival games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dave_Busters_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dave_Busters_10.jpg/220px-Dave_Busters_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dave_Busters_10.jpg/330px-Dave_Busters_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Dave_Busters_10.jpg/440px-Dave_Busters_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6351" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skee-Ball" title="Skee-Ball">Skee-Ball</a> was one of the first arcade games developed.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carnival_game" title="Carnival game">Carnival game</a></div> <p>Coin-op carnival games are automated versions or variations of popular staffed games held at carnival <a href="/wiki/Midway_(fair)" title="Midway (fair)">midways</a>. Most of these are played for prizes or tickets for redemption. Common examples include <a href="/wiki/Skee-Ball" title="Skee-Ball">Skee-Ball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whac-A-Mole" title="Whac-A-Mole">Whac-A-Mole</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electro-mechanical_games">Electro-mechanical games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electro-mechanical games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical_game" title="Electro-mechanical game">Electro-mechanical game</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro-mechanical">Electro-mechanical</a> games (EM games) operate on a combination of some <a href="/wiki/Electronic_circuitry" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic circuitry">electronic circuitry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical</a> actions from the player to move items contained within the game's cabinet. Some of these were early <a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">light gun games</a> using light-sensitive sensors on targets to register hits. Examples of electro-mechanical games include <i><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(arcade_game)" title="Periscope (arcade game)">Periscope</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(arcade_game)" title="Rifleman (arcade game)">Rifleman</a></i> from the 1960s. </p><p>EM games typically combined mechanical engineering technology with various <a href="/wiki/Electrical_components" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical components">electrical components</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Motors">motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switches" class="mw-redirect" title="Switches">switches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resistors" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistors">resistors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solenoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Solenoids">solenoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relays" class="mw-redirect" title="Relays">relays</a>, bells, <a href="/wiki/Buzzers" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzzers">buzzers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_lights" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric lights">electric lights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendino_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lendino-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EM games lie somewhere in the middle between fully <a href="/wiki/Electronic_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic games">electronic games</a> and mechanical games. </p><p>EM games have a number of different genres/categories. "Novelty" or "land-sea-air" games refer to <a href="/wiki/Simulation" title="Simulation">simulation</a> games that simulate aspects of various vehicles, such as <a href="/wiki/Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cars">cars</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Racing_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing video games">racing video games</a>), <a href="/wiki/Submarines" class="mw-redirect" title="Submarines">submarines</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">vehicular combat</a> video games), or aircraft (similar to <a href="/wiki/Combat_flight_simulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat flight simulator">combat flight simulator</a> video games). <a href="/wiki/Gun_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun game">Gun games</a> refer to games that involve shooting with a gun-like peripheral (such as a <a href="/wiki/Light_gun" title="Light gun">light gun</a> or similar device), similar to <a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">light gun shooter</a> video games. "General" arcade games refer to all other types of EM arcade games, including various different types of sports games.<sup id="cite_ref-CB105_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB105-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Audio-visual" or "realistic" games referred to novelty games that used advanced special effects to provide a simulation experience.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merchandiser_games">Merchandiser games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Merchandiser games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Claw_Crane_game_machine_containing_unicorn_plushes_in_Trouville,_France,_Sept_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_Claw_Crane_game_machine_containing_unicorn_plushes_in_Trouville%2C_France%2C_Sept_2011.jpg/220px-A_Claw_Crane_game_machine_containing_unicorn_plushes_in_Trouville%2C_France%2C_Sept_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_Claw_Crane_game_machine_containing_unicorn_plushes_in_Trouville%2C_France%2C_Sept_2011.jpg/330px-A_Claw_Crane_game_machine_containing_unicorn_plushes_in_Trouville%2C_France%2C_Sept_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/A_Claw_Crane_game_machine_containing_unicorn_plushes_in_Trouville%2C_France%2C_Sept_2011.jpg/440px-A_Claw_Crane_game_machine_containing_unicorn_plushes_in_Trouville%2C_France%2C_Sept_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Claw_crane" class="mw-redirect" title="Claw crane">claw crane</a> game, where one must time the movement of the claw to grab a prize</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Merchandiser" title="Merchandiser">Merchandiser</a></div> <p>Merchandiser games are those where the player attempts to win a prize by performing some physical action with the arcade machine, such as <a href="/wiki/Claw_crane" class="mw-redirect" title="Claw crane">claw crane</a> games or <a href="/wiki/Medal_game#Pusher_game_type" title="Medal game">coin pusher</a> games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pachinko">Pachinko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pachinko"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pachinko" title="Pachinko">Pachinko</a></div> <p>Pachinko is a type of mechanical game originating in Japan. It is used as both a form of recreational arcade game and much more frequently as a gambling device, filling a <a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Japan" title="Gambling in Japan">Japanese gambling</a> niche comparable to that of the slot machine in Western gambling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photo_booths">Photo booths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Photo booths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Photo_booth" title="Photo booth">Photo booth</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Purikura" class="mw-redirect" title="Purikura">Purikura</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Purikura_Booth_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Purikura_Booth_2.JPG/220px-Purikura_Booth_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Purikura_Booth_2.JPG/330px-Purikura_Booth_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Purikura_Booth_2.JPG/440px-Purikura_Booth_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Purikura" class="mw-redirect" title="Purikura">purikura</a></i> photo sticker booth in <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima City">Fukushima City</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>Coin-operated photo booths automatically take and develop three or four wallet-sized pictures of subjects within the small space, and more recently using <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a>. They are typically used for licenses or passports, but there have been several types of photo booths designed for amusement arcades. </p><p>At the Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA) show in October 1975, <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a> introduced an arcade photo booth machine that combines <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> (CCTV) recording with <a href="/wiki/Computer_printing" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer printing">computer printing</a> technology to produce <a href="/wiki/Self-portrait" title="Self-portrait">self-portrait</a> photographs. Two other arcade manufacturers introduced their own computerized arcade photo booth machines at the same show.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A specific variety designed for arcades, <i><a href="/wiki/Purikura" class="mw-redirect" title="Purikura">purikura</a></i>, creates <a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">selfie</a> photo stickers. <i>Purikura</i> are essentially a cross between a traditional license/passport photo booth and an arcade video game, with a computer which allows the manipulation of <a href="/wiki/Digital_images" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital images">digital images</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandbye_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandbye-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Introduced by <a href="/wiki/Atlus" title="Atlus">Atlus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> in 1995, the name is a shortened form of the registered trademark <i>Print Club</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E5%80%B6%E6%A5%BD%E9%83%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:プリント倶楽部">プリント倶楽部</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Purinto Kurabu</i></span>)</span>. They are primarily found in Asian arcades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinball_machines">Pinball machines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pinball machines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinball" title="Pinball">Pinball</a></div> <p>Pinball machines are games that have a large, enclosed, slanted table with a number of scoring features on its surface. Players launch a steel ball onto the table and, using pinball flippers, try to keep the ball in play while scoring as many points as possible. Early pinball games were mostly driven through mechanical components, while pinball games from the 1930s onward include electronic components such as lights and sensors and are one form of an electro-mechanical game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slot_machines">Slot machines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Slot machines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slot_machine" title="Slot machine">Slot machine</a></div> <p>In limited jurisdictions, slot machines may also be considered an arcade game and installed alongside other games in arcades. However, as slot machines are mostly games of chance, their use in this manner is highly limited. They are most often used for gambling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_games">Sports games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sports games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_hockey_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Air_hockey_2.jpg/220px-Air_hockey_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Air_hockey_2.jpg/330px-Air_hockey_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Air_hockey_2.jpg/440px-Air_hockey_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Air_hockey" title="Air hockey">Air hockey</a> tables at an arcade</figcaption></figure> <p>Sport games are indoor or miniaturized versions of popular physical sports that can be played within an arcade setting often with a reduced ruleset. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Air_hockey" title="Air hockey">air hockey</a> and indoor basketball games like <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Shot" title="Super Shot">Super Shot</a></i>. Sports games can be either mechanical, electro-mechanical or electronic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redemption_games">Redemption games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Redemption games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Redemption_game" title="Redemption game">Redemption game</a></div> <p>A general category of arcade games are those played for tickets that can be redeemed for prizes. The gameplay itself can be of any arcade game, and the number of tickets received are proportional to the player's score. Skee ball is often played as a redemption game, while <i><a href="/wiki/Pachinko" title="Pachinko">pachinko</a></i> is one of the most popular redemption games in Japan. Another type of redemption game are <a href="/wiki/Medal_game" title="Medal game">medal game</a>, popular in Japan and southeast Asia, where players must convert their money into special medal coins to play the game, but can win more coins which they can redeem back into prizes. Medal games are design to simulate a gambling-like experience without running afoul of Japan's strict laws against gambling.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Game_of_skill"_versus_"game_of_chance""><span id=".22Game_of_skill.22_versus_.22game_of_chance.22"></span>"Game of skill" versus "game of chance"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: "Game of skill" versus "game of chance""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arcade games have generally struggled to avoid being labelled wholly as <a href="/wiki/Game_of_chance" title="Game of chance">games of chance or luck</a>, which would qualify them as gambling and require them to be strictly regulated in most government jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-nlj_arcade_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlj_arcade-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Games of chance generally involve games where a player pays money to participate for the opportunity to win a prize, where the likelihood to win that prize is primarily driven by chance rather than skill.<sup id="cite_ref-nlj_arcade_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlj_arcade-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akin to sweepstakes and lotteries, slot machines are typically cataloged as games of chance and thus not typically included in arcades outside of certain jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-nlj_arcade_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlj_arcade-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pinball machines initially were branded as games of chance in the 1940s as, after launching the ball, the player had no means to control its outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_pinball_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian_pinball-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coupled with fears of pinball being a "tool of the devil" over the youth of that time period, several jurisdictions took steps to label pinball as games of chance and banned them from arcades. After the invention of the electric flipper in 1947, which gave the player more control on the fate of the ball after launching, pinball manufacturers pushed to reclassify pinball as games of skill. New York City's ban on pinball was overturned in 1976 when Roger Sharpe, a journalist, demonstrated the ability to call a shot to a specific lane to the city's council to prove pinball was a game of skill.<sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_pinball_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian_pinball-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prize redemption games such as crane games and coin drop games have been examined as a mixed continuum between games of chance and skill. In a crane game, for example, there is some skill in determining how to position the crane claw over a prize, but the conditions of the strength and condition of the claw and the stacking of the prize are sufficiently unknown parameters to make whether the player will be successful a matter of luck.<sup id="cite_ref-nlj_arcade_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlj_arcade-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dominant_Factor_Test" title="Dominant Factor Test">Dominant Factor Test</a> is typically used to designate when arcade games are games of chance and thus subject to gambling laws, but for many redemption games, its application is a grey area.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearly all arcade video games tend to be treated as games of skill, challenging the player against the pre-set programming of the game. However, arcade video games that replicate gambling concepts, such as <a href="/wiki/Video_poker" title="Video poker">video poker</a> machines, had emerged in the 1980s. These are generally treated as games of chance, and remained confined to jurisdictions with favorable gambling laws.<sup id="cite_ref-nlj_arcade_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlj_arcade-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade#History" title="Amusement arcade">Amusement arcade § History</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skee-Ball_and_carnival_games_(late_19th_century_to_1940s)"><span id="Skee-Ball_and_carnival_games_.28late_19th_century_to_1940s.29"></span>Skee-Ball and carnival games (late 19th century to 1940s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Skee-Ball and carnival games (late 19th century to 1940s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Disneyland_Penny_Arcade_-_Mutoscopes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Disneyland_Penny_Arcade_-_Mutoscopes.jpg/170px-Disneyland_Penny_Arcade_-_Mutoscopes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Disneyland_Penny_Arcade_-_Mutoscopes.jpg/255px-Disneyland_Penny_Arcade_-_Mutoscopes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Disneyland_Penny_Arcade_-_Mutoscopes.jpg/340px-Disneyland_Penny_Arcade_-_Mutoscopes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2515" data-file-height="2610" /></a><figcaption>A row of mutoscopes at a <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a> penny arcade in the 1980s</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Game_of_skill" title="Game of skill">Game of skill</a> amusements had been a staple of fairs since the 19th century. Further, the invention of <a href="/wiki/Coin-operated" class="mw-redirect" title="Coin-operated">coin-operated</a> vending machines had come about in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To build on this, coin-operated automated amusement machines were created, such as <a href="/wiki/Fortune_teller_machine" title="Fortune teller machine">fortune telling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strength_tester_machine" title="Strength tester machine">strength tester machines</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Mutoscope" title="Mutoscope">mutoscopes</a>, and installed along with other attractions at fairs, traveling carnivals, and resorts. Soon, entrepreneurs began housing these coin-operated devices in the same facilities which required minimal oversight, creating <a href="/wiki/Penny_arcade" class="mw-redirect" title="Penny arcade">penny arcades</a> near the turn of the 20th century, the name taken from the common use of a single <a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">penny</a> to operate the machine.<sup id="cite_ref-atari_age_chp1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atari_age_chp1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penny arcades started to gain a negative reputation as the most popular attraction in them tended to be mutoscopes featuring risqué and <a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">softcore pornography</a> while drawing audiences of young men. Further, the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a> in the 1910s and 1920s drew audiences away from the penny arcade.<sup id="cite_ref-atari_age_chp1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atari_age_chp1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New interactive coin-operated machines were created to bring back patrons to the penny arcades, creating the first arcade games. Many were based on <a href="/wiki/Carnival_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival games">carnival games</a> of a larger scope, but reduced to something which could be automated. One popular style were pin-based games which were based on the 19th century game of <a href="/wiki/Bagatelle" title="Bagatelle">bagatelle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_pinball_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian_pinball-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first such pin-based games was <i><a href="/wiki/Baffle_Ball" title="Baffle Ball">Baffle Ball</a></i>, a precursor to the pinball machine where players were given a limited number of balled to knock down targets with only a <a href="/wiki/Plunger_(pinball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plunger (pinball)">plunger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atari_age_chp1_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atari_age_chp1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skee-Ball became popular after being featured at an <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City">Atlantic City</a> boardwalk arcade. The popularity of these games was aided by the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of the 1930s, as they provided inexpensive entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-atari_age_chp1_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atari_age_chp1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abstract mechanical sports games date back to the turn of the 20th century in England, which was the main manufacturer of arcade games in the early 20th century. The London-based Automatic Sports Company manufactured abstract sports games based on British sports, including <i>Yacht Racer</i> (1900) based on <a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">yacht racing</a>, and <i>The Cricket Match</i> (1903) which simulated a portion of a <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> game by having the player hit a pitch into one of various holes. <i>Full Team Football</i> (1925) by London-based Full Team Football Company was an early mechanical <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_football" title="Tabletop football">tabletop football</a> game simulating association football, with eleven static players on each side of the pitch that can kick a ball using levers.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Driving games originated from British arcades in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shooting gallery carnival games date back to the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-routledge_chp31_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routledge_chp31-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mechanical <a href="/wiki/Gun_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun game">gun games</a> had existed in England since the turn of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest rudimentary examples of mechanical <a href="/wiki/Interactive_film" title="Interactive film">interactive film</a> games date back to the early 20th century, with "cinematic shooting gallery" games. They were similar to shooting gallery carnival games, except that players shot at a cinema screen displaying film footage of targets. They showed footage of targets, and when a player shot the screen at the right time, it would trigger a mechanism that temporarily pauses the film and registers a point. The first successful example of such a game was <i>Life Targets</i>, released in the United Kingdom in 1912. Cinematic shooting gallery games enjoyed short-lived popularity in several parts of Britain during the 1910s, and often had <a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safari</a> animals as targets, with footage recorded from <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British imperial</a> colonies. Cinematic shooting gallery games declined some time after the 1910s.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Light_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Light guns">light guns</a> appeared in the 1930s, with <i>Seeburg Ray-O-Lite</i> (1936). Games using this toy rifle were mechanical and the rifle fired beams of light at targets wired with sensors.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later gun game from <a href="/wiki/Seeburg_Corporation" title="Seeburg Corporation">Seeburg Corporation</a>, <i>Shoot the Bear</i> (1949), introduced the use of mechanical sound effects.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mechanical maze games appeared in penny arcades by the mid-20th century; they only allowed the player to manipulate the entire maze, unlike later <a href="/wiki/Maze_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze video games">maze video games</a> which allowed the player to manipulate individual elements within a maze.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinball_(1930s_to_1960s)"><span id="Pinball_.281930s_to_1960s.29"></span>Pinball (1930s to 1960s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pinball (1930s to 1960s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinball_museum_old_machines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pinball_museum_old_machines.jpg/220px-Pinball_museum_old_machines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pinball_museum_old_machines.jpg/330px-Pinball_museum_old_machines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pinball_museum_old_machines.jpg/440px-Pinball_museum_old_machines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Pinball machines from the 1960s at the <a href="/wiki/Pinball_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pinball Hall of Fame">Pinball Hall of Fame</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinball#History" title="Pinball">Pinball § History</a></div> <p>Coin-operated <a href="/wiki/Pinball" title="Pinball">pinball</a> machines that included electric lights and features were developed in 1933, but lacked the user-controlled flipper mechanisms at that point; these would be invented in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-mpamusements_history_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpamusements_history-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the creators of these games argued that these games were still skill-based, many governments still considered them to be <a href="/wiki/Game_of_luck" class="mw-redirect" title="Game of luck">games of luck</a> and ruled them as gambling devices. As such, they were initially banned in many cities.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pinball machines were also divisive between the young and the old and were arguably emblematic of the <a href="/wiki/Generation_gap" title="Generation gap">generation gap</a> found in America at the time. Some elders feared what the youth were doing and considered pinball machines to be "tools of the devil." This led to even more bans.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These bans were slowly lifted in the 1960s and 1970s; New York City's ban, placed in 1942, lasted until 1976,<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Chicago's was lifted in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where pinball was allowed, pinball manufacturers carefully distanced their games from gambling, adding "For Amusement Only" among the game's labeling, eliminating any redemption features, and asserting these were games of skill at every opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the early 1970s, pinball machines thus occupied select arcades at amusement parks, at bars and lounges, and with solitary machines at various stores.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pinball machines beyond the 1970s have since advanced with similar improvement in technology as with arcade video games. Past machines used discrete electro-mechanical and electronic componentry for game logic, but newer machines have switched to <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_electronics" title="Solid-state electronics">solid-state electronics</a> with <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a> to handle these elements, making games more versatile. Newer machines may have complex mechanical actions and detailed backplate graphics that are supported by these technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electro-mechanical_games_(1940s_to_1970s)"><span id="Electro-mechanical_games_.281940s_to_1970s.29"></span>Electro-mechanical games (1940s to 1970s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Electro-mechanical games (1940s to 1970s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical_game" title="Electro-mechanical game">Electro-mechanical game</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shooting_game_(2598583275).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shooting_game_%282598583275%29.jpg/220px-Shooting_game_%282598583275%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shooting_game_%282598583275%29.jpg/330px-Shooting_game_%282598583275%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shooting_game_%282598583275%29.jpg/440px-Shooting_game_%282598583275%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s <i>Gun Fight</i> (1969), a two-player EM game that used light-sensitive targets. It was one of the first games with head-to-head shooting, inspiring arcade <a href="/wiki/Shooter_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooter video games">shooter video games</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gun_Fight" title="Gun Fight">Gun Fight</a></i> (1975).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:All_American_Basketball_(2599415578).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/All_American_Basketball_%282599415578%29.jpg/170px-All_American_Basketball_%282599415578%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/All_American_Basketball_%282599415578%29.jpg/255px-All_American_Basketball_%282599415578%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/All_American_Basketball_%282599415578%29.jpg/340px-All_American_Basketball_%282599415578%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><i>All American Basket Ball</i> (1969), an EM game produced by <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coin" title="Chicago Coin">Chicago Coin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Alternatives to pinball were electro-mechanical games (EM games) that clearly demonstrated themselves as games of skill to avoid the stigma of pinball. The transition from mechanical arcade games to EM games dates back to around the time of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, with different types of arcade games gradually making the transition during the <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> period between the 1940s and 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some early electro-mechanical games were designed not for commercial purposes but to demonstrate the state of technology at public expositions, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Nimatron" title="Nimatron">Nimatron</a></i> in 1940 or <i><a href="/wiki/Bertie_the_Brain" title="Bertie the Brain">Bertie the Brain</a></i> in 1950. </p><p>In 1941, <a href="/wiki/International_Mutoscope_Reel_Company" title="International Mutoscope Reel Company">International Mutoscope Reel Company</a> released the electro-mechanical driving game <i>Drive Mobile</i>, which had an upright <a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">arcade cabinet</a> similar to what arcade video games would later use.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendino_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lendino-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was derived from older British driving games from the 1930s. In <i>Drive Mobile</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Steering_wheel" title="Steering wheel">steering wheel</a> was used to control a <a href="/wiki/Model_car" title="Model car">model car</a> over a road painted on a metal <a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">drum</a>, with the goal being to keep the car centered as the road shifts left and right. Kasco (short for Kansai Seisakusho Co.) introduced this type of electro-mechanical driving game to Japan in 1958 with <i>Mini Drive</i>, which followed a similar format but had a longer cabinet allowing a longer road.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1961, however, the US arcade industry had been stagnating. This in turn had a negative effect on Japanese arcade distributors such as <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> that had been depending on US imports up until then. Sega co-founder <a href="/wiki/David_Rosen_(businessman)" title="David Rosen (businessman)">David Rosen</a> responded to market conditions by having Sega develop original arcade games in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-NG_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the late 1960s, EM games incorporated more elaborate electronics and mechanical action to create a simulated environment for the player.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These games overlapped with the introduction of arcade video games, and in some cases, were prototypical of the experiences that arcade video games offered. The late 1960s to early 1970s were considered the "electro-mechanical golden age" in Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-Kasco_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasco-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "novelty renaissance" or "technological renaissance" in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-cashbox184_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cashbox184-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new category of "audio-visual" novelty games emerged during this era, mainly established by several Japanese arcade manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arcades had previously been dominated by <a href="/wiki/Jukeboxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jukeboxes">jukeboxes</a>, before a new wave of EM arcade games emerged that were able to generate significant earnings for arcade operators.<sup id="cite_ref-Horowitz11_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horowitz11-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(arcade_game)" title="Periscope (arcade game)">Periscope</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Submarine_simulator" title="Submarine simulator">submarine simulator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">light gun shooter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was released by <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Nakamura Manufacturing Company</a> (later called Namco) in 1965<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then by Sega in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used lights and plastic waves to simulate sinking ships from a submarine,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had players look through a <a href="/wiki/Periscope" title="Periscope">periscope</a> to direct and fire torpedoes,<sup id="cite_ref-NG_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were represented by colored lights and electronic sound effects.<sup id="cite_ref-HillJones2011_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HillJones2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sega's version became a major success worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolf-149_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolf-149-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first arcade game to cost a <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter</a> per play,<sup id="cite_ref-Kent_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kent-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was a turning point for the arcade industry.<sup id="cite_ref-NG_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Periscope</i> revived the novelty game business, and established a "realistic" or "audio-visual" category of games, using advanced special effects to provide a simulation experience.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the catalyst for the "novelty renaissance" where a wide variety of novelty/specialty games (also called "land-sea-air" games) were released during the late 1960s to early 1970s, from quiz games and racing games to hockey and football games, many adopting the quarter-play price point.<sup id="cite_ref-cashbox184_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cashbox184-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CB105_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB105-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These "audio-visual" games were selling in large quantities that had not been approached by most arcade machines in years.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a "technological renaissance" in the late 1960s, which would later be critical in establishing a healthy arcade environment for video games to flourish in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Periscope</i> also established a trend of missile-launching gameplay during the late 1960s to 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1960s, Sega began producing <a href="/wiki/Gun_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun game">gun games</a> which resemble <a href="/wiki/Shooter_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooter video games">shooter video games</a>, but which were EM games that used <a href="/wiki/Rear_projection_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear projection effect">rear</a> <a href="/wiki/Image_projector" class="mw-redirect" title="Image projector">image projection</a> to produce moving animations on a <a href="/wiki/Projection_screen" title="Projection screen">screen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a fresh approach to gun games that Sega introduced with <i><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Duck Hunt</a></i>, which began location testing in 1968 and released in January 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duck_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duck-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Missile</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">shooter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">vehicular combat game</a> released by Sega in 1969, may have been the first arcade game to use a <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a> with a fire button, leading to joysticks subsequently becoming the standard control scheme for arcade games.<sup id="cite_ref-Horowitz11_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horowitz11-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new type of <a href="/wiki/Driving_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving game">driving game</a> was introduced in Japan, with Kasco's 1968 racing game <i>Indy 500</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kasco_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasco-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was licensed by <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coin" title="Chicago Coin">Chicago Coin</a> for release in North America as <i>Speedway</i> in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a circular racetrack with rival cars painted on individual rotating discs illuminated by a lamp,<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which produced colorful graphics<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> projected using mirrors to give a <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-3D" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-3D">pseudo-3D</a> <a href="/wiki/First_person_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="First person (video games)">first-person</a> perspective on a screen,<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resembling a windscreen view.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had collision detection, with players having to dodge cars to avoid crashing, as well as electronic sound for the car engines and collisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gave it greater realism than earlier driving games,<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it resembled a prototypical arcade <a href="/wiki/Racing_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing video game">racing video game</a>, with an upright cabinet, yellow marquee, three-digit scoring, coin box, steering wheel and accelerator pedal.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendino_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lendino-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Indy 500</i> sold over 2,000 arcade cabinets in Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i>Speedway</i> sold over 10,000 cabinets in North America,<sup id="cite_ref-Kasco_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasco-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the biggest arcade hit in years.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like <i>Periscope</i>, <i>Speedway</i> also charged a quarter per play, further cementing quarter-play as the US arcade standard for over two decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a>, when he was a college student, worked at an arcade where he became familiar with EM games such as <i>Speedway</i>, watching customers play and helping to maintain the machinery, while learning how it worked and developing his understanding of how the game business operates.<sup id="cite_ref-NGen23_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGen23-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the arrival of arcade video games with <i><a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a></i> (1972) and its clones, EM games continued to have a strong presence in arcades for much of the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasco_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasco-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japan, EM games remained more popular than video games up until the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasco_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasco-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, after the market became flooded with <i>Pong</i> clones, the <i>Pong</i> market crashed around the mid-1970s, which led to traditional Chicago coin-op manufacturers mainly sticking to EM games up until the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EM games eventually declined following the arrival of <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a></i> (1978) and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">golden age of arcade video games</a> in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Kasco_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kasco-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several EM games that appeared in the 1970s have remained popular in arcades through to the present day, notably <a href="/wiki/Air_hockey" title="Air hockey">air hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whac-a-mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Whac-a-mole">whac-a-mole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medal_game" title="Medal game">medal games</a>. Medal games started becoming popular with Sega's <i>Harness Racing</i> (1974), Nintendo's <i><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/EVR%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:EVRレース">EVR Race</a></i> (1975) and <a href="/wiki/Aruze" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruze">Aruze</a>'s <i>The Derby Vφ</i> (1975). The first whac-a-mole game, <i>Mogura Taiji</i> ("Mole Buster"), was released by <a href="/wiki/TOGO" title="TOGO">TOGO</a> in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-JAMMA_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAMMA-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1970s, arcade centers in Japan began to be flooded with "mole buster" games.<sup id="cite_ref-Daihyakka_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daihyakka-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mogura Taiji</i> was introduced to North America in 1976, which inspired Bob's Space Racers to produce their own version of the game called "Whac-A-Mole" in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sega released an EM game similar to air hockey in 1968, <i>MotoPolo</i>, where two players moved around motorbikes to knock balls into the opponent's goal; it also used an <a href="/wiki/8-track_player" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track player">8-track player</a> to play back the sounds of the motorbikes.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air hockey itself was later created by a group of <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Bowling_%26_Billiards" title="Brunswick Bowling & Billiards">Brunswick Billiards</a> employees between 1969 and 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Brunswick_Billiards_History_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunswick_Billiards_History-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EM games experienced a resurgence during the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CU_Amiga_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CU_Amiga-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air hockey, whac-a-mole and medal games have since remained popular arcade attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-JAMMA_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAMMA-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arcade_video_games_(1970s_to_present)"><span id="Arcade_video_games_.281970s_to_present.29"></span>Arcade video games (1970s to present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Arcade video games (1970s to present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Video_games_Asteroids_Popeye_Klax_Pengo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Video_games_Asteroids_Popeye_Klax_Pengo.jpg/220px-Video_games_Asteroids_Popeye_Klax_Pengo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Video_games_Asteroids_Popeye_Klax_Pengo.jpg/330px-Video_games_Asteroids_Popeye_Klax_Pengo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Video_games_Asteroids_Popeye_Klax_Pengo.jpg/440px-Video_games_Asteroids_Popeye_Klax_Pengo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A row of video games at an arcade</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_arcade_video_games" title="History of arcade video games">History of arcade video games</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">Golden age of arcade video games</a></div> <p>After two attempts to package <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe</a> computers running <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> into a coin-operated <a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">arcade cabinet</a> in 1971, <i><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Game" title="Galaxy Game">Galaxy Game</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Space" title="Computer Space">Computer Space</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari</a> released <i><a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a></i> in 1972, the first successful <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">arcade video game</a>. The number of arcade game makers greatly increased over the next several years, including several of the companies that had been making EM games such as Midway, Bally, Williams, Sega, and Taito.<sup id="cite_ref-down_many_times_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-down_many_times-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As technology moved from <a href="/wiki/Transistor-transistor_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transistor-transistor logic">transistor-transistor logic</a> (TTL) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a> to <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessors</a>, a new wave of arcade video games arose, starting with Taito's <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a></i> in 1978 and leading to a <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">golden age of arcade video games</a> that included <i><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a></i> (Namco, 1980), <i><a href="/wiki/Missile_Command" title="Missile Command">Missile Command</a></i> (Atari, 1980), and <i><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(1981_video_game)" title="Donkey Kong (1981 video game)">Donkey Kong</a></i> (Nintendo, 1981). The golden age waned in 1983 due to an excess number of arcade games, the growing draw of <a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game consoles</a> and computers, and a moral panic on the impact of arcade video games on youth.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mallrats_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mallrats-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arcade industry was also partially impacted by the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a>. </p><p>The arcade market had recovered by 1986, with the help of software conversion kits, the arrival of popular <a href="/wiki/Beat_%27em_up" title="Beat 'em up">beat 'em up</a> games (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kung-Fu_Master_(video_game)" title="Kung-Fu Master (video game)">Kung-Fu Master</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Renegade_(video_game)" title="Renegade (video game)">Renegade</a></i>), and advanced <a href="/wiki/Motion_simulator" title="Motion simulator">motion simulator</a> games (such as Sega's "taikan" games including <i><a href="/wiki/Hang-On" title="Hang-On">Hang-On</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Harrier" title="Space Harrier">Space Harrier</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Out_Run" title="Out Run">Out Run</a></i>). However, the growth of home video game systems such as the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> led to another brief arcade decline towards the end of the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-replaymag_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-replaymag-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting games</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Street_Fighter_II" title="Street Fighter II">Street Fighter II</a></i> (1991) and <i><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(1992_video_game)" title="Mortal Kombat (1992 video game)">Mortal Kombat</a></i> (1992) helped to revive it in the early 1990s, leading to a renaissance for the arcade industry.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/3D_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="3D graphics">3D graphics</a> were popularized in arcades during the early 1990s with games such as Sega's <i><a href="/wiki/Virtua_Racing" title="Virtua Racing">Virtua Racing</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Virtua_Fighter" title="Virtua Fighter">Virtua Fighter</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-vracing_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vracing-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with later arcade systems such as the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Model_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega Model 3">Sega Model 3</a> remaining considerably more advanced than home systems through the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-VF3_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VF3-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thg_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thg-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the improved capabilities of home consoles and computers to mimic arcade video games during this time drew crowds away from arcades.<sup id="cite_ref-verge_history_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verge_history-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up until about 1996, arcade video games had remained the largest sector of the global <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a>, before arcades declined in the late 1990s, with the console market surpassing arcade video games for the first time around 1997–1998.<sup id="cite_ref-vgmarket_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vgmarket-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arcade video games declined in the Western world during the 2000s, with most arcades serving highly specialized experiences that cannot be replicated in the home, including lines of pinball and other arcade games, coupled with other entertainment options such as restaurants or bars. Among newer arcade video games include games like <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Dance_Revolution" title="Dance Dance Revolution">Dance Dance Revolution</a></i> that require specialized equipment, as well as games incorporating <a href="/wiki/Motion_simulator" title="Motion simulator">motion simulation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-afp_2021_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp_2021-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arcade games had remained popular in Asian regions until around the late 2010s as popularity began to wane; when once there were around 26,000 arcades in Japan in 1986, there were only about 4,000 in 2019. The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020 and 2021 also drastically hit the arcade industry, forcing many of the large long-standing arcades in Japan to close.<sup id="cite_ref-afp_2021_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afp_2021-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trade_associations">Trade associations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Trade associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Amusement_Machine_Association">American Amusement Machine Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: American Amusement Machine Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American Amusement Machine Association (AAMA) is a <a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">trade association</a> established in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It represents the American coin-operated amusement machine industry,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 120 arcade game distributors and manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amusement_&_Music_Operators_Association"><span id="Amusement_.26_Music_Operators_Association"></span>Amusement & Music Operators Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Amusement & Music Operators Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Amusement & Music Operators (AMOA), a trade founded in 1957. It was composed by 1,700 members up to 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a>, forged license-compliance programs with right groups ASCAP, BMI or SESAC,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it represented the country's licensed <a href="/wiki/Jukebox" title="Jukebox">jukebox</a> owners.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan_Amusement_Machine_and_Marketing_Association">Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Japan_Amusement_Machine_and_Marketing_Association" title="Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association">Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/arcade-games-history-1968/">"What arcade games looked like before video games, 1968 - Rare Historical Photos"</a>. <i>rarehistoricalphotos.com/</i>. 20 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rarehistoricalphotos.com%2F&rft.atitle=What+arcade+games+looked+like+before+video+games%2C+1968+-+Rare+Historical+Photos&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frarehistoricalphotos.com%2Farcade-games-history-1968%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabotLightRutledge2009" class="citation journal cs1">Cabot, Anthony N.; Light, Glenn J.; Rutledge, Karl F. (2009). "Alex Rodriguez, a Monkey, and the Game of Scrabble: The Hazard of Using Illogic to Define the Legality of Games of Mixed Skill and Chance". <i>Drake Law Review</i>. <b>57</b> (2): 383–412.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drake+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Alex+Rodriguez%2C+a+Monkey%2C+and+the+Game+of+Scrabble%3A+The+Hazard+of+Using+Illogic+to+Define+the+Legality+of+Games+of+Mixed+Skill+and+Chance&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=383-412&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Cabot&rft.aufirst=Anthony+N.&rft.au=Light%2C+Glenn+J.&rft.au=Rutledge%2C+Karl+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lendino-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLendino2020" class="citation book cs1">Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d6wCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18"><i>Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games</i></a>. 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BWD Press. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9704755-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9704755-0-0"><bdi>0-9704755-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Quarter%3A+A+25-Year+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=BWD+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9704755-0-0&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dny-CAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_L._Kent" title="Steven L. Kent">Steve L. Kent</a> (2001), <i><a href="/wiki/The_ultimate_history_of_video_games:_from_Pong_to_Pok%C3%A9mon_and_beyond:_the_story_behind_the_craze_that_touched_our_lives_and_changed_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond: the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world">The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond: the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world</a></i>, p. 102, <a href="/wiki/Prima_Games" title="Prima Games">Prima</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4">0-7615-3643-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HillJones2011-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HillJones2011_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_HillGareth_Jones2011" class="citation book cs1">Charles Hill; Gareth Jones (19 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VdG243upAqwC&pg=RA1-PA42"><i>Essentials of Strategic Management</i></a>. Cengage Learning. pp. 1–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-111-52519-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-111-52519-4"><bdi>978-1-111-52519-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Strategic+Management&rft.pages=1-&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011-04-19&rft.isbn=978-1-111-52519-4&rft.au=Charles+Hill&rft.au=Gareth+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVdG243upAqwC%26pg%3DRA1-PA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattelle1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Battelle, John (1 June 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/1993/06/sega/">"The Next Level: Sega's Plans for World Domination"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Condé Nast Publications">Condé Nast Publications</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+Next+Level%3A+Sega%27s+Plans+for+World+Domination&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.aulast=Battelle&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F1993%2F06%2Fsega%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolf-149-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wolf-149_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2008" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, Mark J. P. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XiM0ntMybNwC"><i>The video game explosion: a history from PONG to PlayStation and beyond</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33868-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33868-7"><bdi>978-0-313-33868-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+video+game+explosion%3A+a+history+from+PONG+to+PlayStation+and+beyond&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33868-7&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Mark+J.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXiM0ntMybNwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD.S._Cohen" class="citation web cs1">D.S. Cohen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703115201/http://www.lifewire.com/killer-shark-arcade-game-from-jaws-729558">"Killer Shark: The Undersea Horror Arcade Game from Jaws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classicgames.about.com/od/arcadegames/p/KillerShark.htm">the original</a> on 3 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Killer+Shark%3A+The+Undersea+Horror+Arcade+Game+from+Jaws&rft.pub=About.com&rft.au=D.S.+Cohen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassicgames.about.com%2Fod%2Farcadegames%2Fp%2FKillerShark.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cashbox30unse_21/page/34">"New Sega Gun To Bow at ATE: Sega Duck Shoot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cash_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash Box">Cash Box</a></i>. Cash Box Pub. Co.: 34 4 January 1969.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=New+Sega+Gun+To+Bow+at+ATE%3A+Sega+Duck+Shoot&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1969-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcashbox30unse_21%2Fpage%2F34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=13152"><i>Duck Hunt (1969)</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duck-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duck_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinrepair.com/arcade/sduckhu.htm">"1969 Sega Duck Hunt (Arcade Flyer)"</a>. <i>pinrepair.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pinrepair.com&rft.atitle=1969+Sega+Duck+Hunt+%28Arcade+Flyer%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinrepair.com%2Farcade%2Fsduckhu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinrepair.com/arcade/k500.htm">"Kasco Indy 500 coin operated mechanical arcade driving game"</a>. <i>Pinball Repair</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pinball+Repair&rft.atitle=Kasco+Indy+500+coin+operated+mechanical+arcade+driving+game&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinrepair.com%2Farcade%2Fk500.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/gametraders/docs/april_may_magazine_9b4ff4b0a426f3/26">"Did You Know... Game & Pop Culture Fun Facts & Trivia"</a>. <i>Live Magazine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gametraders" title="Gametraders">Gametraders</a>. April–May 2017. pp. 26–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Magazine&rft.atitle=Did+You+Know...+Game+%26+Pop+Culture+Fun+Facts+%26+Trivia&rft.pages=26-7&rft.date=2017-04%2F2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fgametraders%2Fdocs%2Fapril_may_magazine_9b4ff4b0a426f3%2F26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsay2012" class="citation book cs1">Ramsay, Morgan (8 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lESCCXkdy3YC&pg=PA24"><i>Gamers at Work: Stories Behind the Games People Play</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Apress" class="mw-redirect" title="Apress">Apress</a>. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-3352-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-3352-7"><bdi>978-1-4302-3352-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gamers+at+Work%3A+Stories+Behind+the+Games+People+Play&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4302-3352-7&rft.aulast=Ramsay&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlESCCXkdy3YC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flyers.arcade-museum.com/?page=thumbs&db=arcadedb&id=88">"Arcade Game Flyers: Indy 500, Kansai Seiki International (AU)"</a>. <i>The Arcade Flyer Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lemelson+Center+for+the+Study+of+Invention+and+Innovation&rft.atitle=Nolan+Bushnell%3A+Transcript+of+an+interview+conducted+by+Christopher+Weaver&rft.pages=33%2C+45&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.aulast=Bushnell&rft.aufirst=Nolan&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fmedia%2FNMAH%2FNMAH-AC1498_Transcript_NolanBushnell.pdf%23page%3D37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Ashcraft (2008) <i>Arcade Mania! The Turbo Charged World of Japan's Game Centers</i>, p. 134, Kodansha International</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAMMA-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JAMMA_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAMMA_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911102332/www.jamma.or.jp/history/pdf/history_1970_01.pdf">"70s Amusement Machine History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Japan_Amusement_Machine_and_Marketing_Association" title="Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association">Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association</a> (JAMMA)</i> (in Japanese). 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AAMA. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AAMA+mission+statement&rft.pub=AAMA&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoin-op.org%2Fabout%2Fmission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKushner1999" class="citation news cs1">Kushner, David (23 September 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/23/technology/care-for-a-latte-with-that-mr-nukem.html">"Care for a Latte With That, Mr. Nukem?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Care+for+a+Latte+With+That%2C+Mr.+Nukem%3F&rft.date=1999-09-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F09%2F23%2Ftechnology%2Fcare-for-a-latte-with-that-mr-nukem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mkuw6CmWcvkC&dq=Amusement&pg=PA117"><i>Rating Video Games</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a>. 1995. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160465635" title="Special:BookSources/9780160465635"><bdi>9780160465635</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rating+Video+Games&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=United+States+Senate+Committee+on+the+Judiciary&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780160465635&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMkuw6CmWcvkC%26dq%3DAmusement%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland1986" class="citation magazine cs1">Holland, Bill (16 August 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4SQEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Amusement&pg=PT5">"Crackdown On Unlicensed Jukes: Trade Group Agrees To Tipster Program"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Crackdown+On+Unlicensed+Jukes%3A+Trade+Group+Agrees+To+Tipster+Program&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1986-08-16&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4SQEAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3DAmusement%26pg%3DPT5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland1992" class="citation magazine cs1">Holland, Bill (23 October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5SMEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Amusement&pg=PT5">"Court Denies Jukebox Appeal"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Court+Denies+Jukebox+Appeal&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1992-10-23&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5SMEAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3DAmusement%26pg%3DPT5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArcade+game" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Amusement_arcade" title="Template:Amusement arcade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amusement_arcade" title="Template talk:Amusement arcade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amusement_arcade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amusement arcade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amusement_arcades" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">Amusement arcades</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arcade game</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin-operated" class="mw-redirect" title="Coin-operated">Coin-operated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_chance" title="Game of chance">Game of chance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_skill" title="Game of skill">Game of skill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchandiser" title="Merchandiser">Merchandiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_game" title="Redemption game">Redemption game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanical games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagatelle" title="Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_teller_machine" title="Fortune teller machine">Fortune teller machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_tester_machine" title="Love tester machine">Love tester machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutoscope" title="Mutoscope">Mutoscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skee-ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Skee-ball">Skee-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_machine" title="Slot machine">Slot machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical_game" title="Electro-mechanical game">Electro-mechanical games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun game">Gun game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinball" title="Pinball">Pinball</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pinball_machines" title="List of pinball machines">List of machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pinball_manufacturers" title="List of pinball manufacturers">List of manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_pinball_terms" title="Glossary of pinball terms">Glossary of terms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_arcade_video_games" title="History of arcade video games">History of arcade video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">Golden age of arcade video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_arcade_video_game_history" title="Timeline of arcade video game history">Timeline of arcade video game history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claw_crane" class="mw-redirect" title="Claw crane">Claw crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_game" title="Medal game">Medal game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachinko" title="Pachinko">Pachinko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_booth" title="Photo booth">Photo booth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&oldid=1251199731">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arcade_game&oldid=1251199731</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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