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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/50px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/75px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/100px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Lebanese presidential election">2008</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>23 April 2014 –<br />31 October 2016</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election"><span class="nowrap">2022–25</span></a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FFA600"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -4px; width: 125px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Michel Aoun with Putin 5 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #f0001c"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -10px; left: -10px; width: 150px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MP_Sethrida_Geagea_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="MP Sethrida Geagea photo.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MP_Sethrida_Geagea_photo.jpg/150px-MP_Sethrida_Geagea_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MP_Sethrida_Geagea_photo.jpg/225px-MP_Sethrida_Geagea_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/MP_Sethrida_Geagea_photo.jpg/300px-MP_Sethrida_Geagea_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="1167" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Sethrida_Geagea" title="Sethrida Geagea">Sethrida Geagea</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">FPM</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>83</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>65.35%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0.78% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sleiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Sleiman">Michel Sleiman</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> A series of rounds in the Lebanese <b>presidential election</b> were held from 23 April 2014 until 31 October 2016. No candidate reached a two-thirds majority vote in the first round, and subsequent rounds failed to gain a <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in the second round of the forty-sixth session held on 31 October 2016, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>, a Member of Parliament and formerly a disputed <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Prime Minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">Acting President</a> in a rival government near the end of the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a>, was elected with 83 votes in Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took office the same day as the 13th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">President of Lebanon</a> since independence in 1943. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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#d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #FF6000;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#FF6000;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Michel_Aoun_with_Putin_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#FF6000;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Michel Aoun</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun#Early_years" title="Michel Aoun">Early Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun#Political_views_and_relations" title="Michel Aoun">Political views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun#Personal_Life" title="Michel Aoun">Personal Life</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces">Commander of the Army</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_War_(Lebanon)" title="Mountain War (Lebanon)">Mountain War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Cabinet_of_Michel_Aoun" title="Military Cabinet of Michel Aoun">Military Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Liberation_(1989%E2%80%931990)" title="War of Liberation (1989–1990)">War of Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Elimination_(1990,_Lebanon)" title="War of Elimination (1990, Lebanon)">War of Elimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun#Military_career" title="Michel Aoun">Exile</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Leader of FPM</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement#Establishment" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Accountability_Act" title="Syria Accountability Act">Syria Accountability Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Lebanese_general_election" title="2005 Lebanese general election">2005 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_and_Reform_bloc" title="Change and Reform bloc">Change and Reform bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding_between_the_Free_Patriotic_Movement_and_Hezbollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of understanding between the Free Patriotic Movement and Hezbollah">Mar Mikhael Understanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%932008_Lebanese_protests" title="2006–2008 Lebanese protests">2006–2008 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTV_(Lebanese_TV_channel)" title="OTV (Lebanese TV channel)">OTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Lebanese presidential election">2008 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Lebanese_general_election" title="2009 Lebanese general election">2009 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maarab_Agreement" title="Maarab Agreement">Maarab Agreement</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">President of Lebanon</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>2016–2022</b></span> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cabinet_of_Saad_Hariri" title="Second Cabinet of Saad Hariri">Second Hariri Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_dispute" title="2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute">2017 Saudi dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election" title="2018 Lebanese general election">2018 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Saad_Hariri" title="Third Cabinet of Saad Hariri">Third Hariri Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Lebanon_forest_fires" title="2019 Lebanon forest fires">2019 forest fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Lebanese_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Lebanese protests">17 October revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Hassan_Diab" title="Cabinet of Hassan Diab">Diab Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election" title="2022 Lebanese general election">2022 elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_cholera_outbreak_in_Lebanon" title="2022 cholera outbreak in Lebanon">2022 cholera outbreak in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Michel_Aoun" title="List of international presidential trips made by Michel Aoun">Presidential trips</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Une_certaine_vision_du_Liban" title="Une certaine vision du Liban">Une certaine vision du Liban</a> </p> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Aoun_Signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Michel_Aoun_Signature.png/150px-Michel_Aoun_Signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Michel_Aoun_Signature.png/225px-Michel_Aoun_Signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Michel_Aoun_Signature.png/300px-Michel_Aoun_Signature.png 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Seal_of_the_President_of_Lebanon.png/60px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Lebanon.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" 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of Lebanon">Politics of Lebanon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/115px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/173px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/230px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="208" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a></span> </p> <hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon" title="Constitution of Lebanon">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon" title="Constitution of Lebanon">Constitution of 1926</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lebanon" title="Human rights in Lebanon">Human rights</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon#Executive_branch" title="Politics of Lebanon">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Lebanon" title="List of presidents of Lebanon">list</a>) <dl><dd>vacant</dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lebanon" title="List of prime ministers of Lebanon">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Lebanon" title="Council of Ministers of Lebanon">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cabinets_of_Lebanon" title="List of Cabinets of Lebanon">Past Cabinets</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon#Legislative_branch" title="Politics of Lebanon">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Parliament</a> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="List of speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a></span></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Subdivisions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Lebanon" title="Governorates of Lebanon">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Lebanon" title="Districts of Lebanon">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Lebanon">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lebanon" title="Elections in Lebanon">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Lebanese presidential election">2008</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014–2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Lebanese_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 Lebanese presidential election"><i>2022–2023</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2009_Lebanese_general_election" title="2009 Lebanese general election">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election" title="2018 Lebanese general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election" title="2022 Lebanese general election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon" title="List of political parties in Lebanon">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon" title="Foreign relations of Lebanon">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Emigrants_(Lebanon)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants (Lebanon)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Bou_Habib" title="Abdallah Bou Habib">Abdallah Bou Habib</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Lebanon" title="List of diplomatic missions of Lebanon">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Lebanon" title="List of diplomatic missions in Lebanon">in Lebanon</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_passport" title="Lebanese passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Lebanese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Lebanon" title="Visa policy of Lebanon">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/32px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/48px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/64px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lebanon" title="Portal:Lebanon">Lebanon portal</a> </p> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Template:Politics of Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Politics of Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_government_of_April_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese government of April 2013">Lebanese government of April 2013</a></div> <p>Prior to the formation of the Salam government, the main consideration was carrying out the presidential election, which </p><p>would precede the parliamentary election and a new electoral law. This follows an impasse between the <a href="/wiki/March_14_Alliance" title="March 14 Alliance">March 14 Alliance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/March_8_Alliance" title="March 8 Alliance">March 8 Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a>'s former prime minister and parliamentary leader <a href="/wiki/Fouad_Siniora" title="Fouad Siniora">Fouad Siniora</a> had started the process of discussion for the election prior to the government's formation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regards to the political instability, Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a> said: "In order to assure [March 14 groups] that our intentions are good, we do not mind holding the presidential election from now. Subsequently, there will no problem over the formation of a [new] government".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with the consociational power sharing agreement, the <a href="/wiki/Taif_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Taif Accord">Taif Accord</a>, the president of the country must be from the <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite Christianity in Lebanon">Maronite</a> community, currently independent <a href="/wiki/Michel_Suleiman" title="Michel Suleiman">Michel Suleiman</a>; while the prime minister is <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Islam in Lebanon">Sunni</a>, currently independent <a href="/wiki/Tammam_Salam" title="Tammam Salam">Tammam Salam</a>, and the parliamentary speaker is <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Islam in Lebanon">Shia</a>, currently 8 March and <a href="/wiki/Amal_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Amal movement">Amal movement</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a>. In addition, the deputy speaker of parliament and the deputy prime minister in Lebanon must be <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Christianity_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Christianity in Lebanon">Greek Orthodox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-confessional_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-confessional-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Possible candidates included <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman Frangieh, Jr.">Suleiman Frangieh, Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samir_Geagea" title="Samir Geagea">Samir Geagea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Obeid" title="Jean Obeid">Jean Obeid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riad_Salameh" title="Riad Salameh">Riad Salameh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Kahwaji" title="Jean Kahwaji">Jean Kahwaji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boutros_Harb" title="Boutros Harb">Boutros Harb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ghanem" title="Robert Ghanem">Robert Ghanem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Helou" title="Henri Helou">Henri Helou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ziad_Baroud" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziad Baroud">Ziad Baroud</a>. Maronite Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Beshara_Rai" class="mw-redirect" title="Beshara Rai">Beshara Rai</a> could be influential in the decision.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Moussa" title="Nadine Moussa">Nadine Moussa</a> was also said to be a possible candidate, making her the first woman for the role.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jumblatt also called for the return of <a href="/wiki/Saad_Hariri" title="Saad Hariri">Saad Hariri</a>, who was in self-imposed exile, in order to "head an all-embracing cabinet to avert further tension and crises." Geagea added that he would remain in the race "until the end." He also noted that it was in the interests of the country to have a strong state and strong leader.<sup id="cite_ref-postvote_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postvote-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A parliamentary committee formed by Berri was due to give him their results of their discussions. This includes points such as the intention of MPs from both 8 and 14 March to attend the parliamentary session to elect a new president and that there was no desire from any party for a constitutional amendment but that an election should be held on time. It also highlighted Rai's role in hailing Berri’s efforts to make a conducive atmosphere for the election.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 May 2014, Suleiman's term ended without a successor, leading to a political vacuum.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the interim, Prime Minister Tamaam Salam's government assumed presidential duties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_session">First session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With a first round victory requiring two-thirds of MPs, or 86 votes, on 23 April Samir Geagea received 48 votes, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Helou" title="Henri Helou">Henri Helou</a> 16 votes and Amine Gemayel 1 vote, with 52 votes blank and seven void.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazcvote_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazcvote-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The void votes were for candidates who were no longer alive.<sup id="cite_ref-postvote_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postvote-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As all the MPs left after the vote, there was no <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> to hold the second round, which needed only an absolute majority of votes. </p><p>In reaction, the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Middle_East_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Middle East Center">Carnegie Middle East Center</a>'s Mario Abou Zeid said:,"Things could develop fairly quickly [today] to either bring certain names to the fore or distance certain names from running, and that needs to be closely watched. Lebanese resistance group Hezbollah is a key player in deciding who gets elected as president. It's not in their best interest at all to have a kind of president that might go against... their intervention in the Syrian conflict." Habib Malik, associate professor of history at <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_American_University" title="Lebanese American University">Lebanese American University</a>, added: "Things could develop fairly quickly [today] to either bring certain names to the fore or distance certain names from running, and that needs to be closely watched. Most likely, in traditional Lebanese fashion, a non-descript figure will emerge and will be touted as a reconciliatory, unifying figure." He suggested former MP and foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Obeid" title="Jean Obeid">Jean Obeid</a>, who was said to be close to both Saudi Arabia and Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazcvote_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazcvote-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_sessions">Later sessions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jumblatt suggested that there may not be a quorum for the expected second round vote.<sup id="cite_ref-postvote_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postvote-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was scheduled for 30 April, with a third round for 15 May and a fourth round for 22 May. A lack of quorum, however, stopped the elections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following Hezbollah and FPM's boycott of the four previous sessions to choose a president, the FPM said that it would not attend the fifth session at the end of May unless an agreement over a consensus candidate is made.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The round was then aborted.<sup id="cite_ref-turkey_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turkey-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sixth attempt, on 9 June, also failed for a lack of a quorum after FPM and Hezbollah maintained their boycott. The session was attended by a new low of 64 MPs, notably PSP leader Walid Jumblatt missed this session, which was his first during the process. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i> suggested that, instead, the main interest on the day was a salary increase for MPs.<sup id="cite_ref-sux_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sux-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eighth round similarly failed to achieve a quorum, and a ninth round was scheduled for 23 July.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the ninth round failed to attain a quorum while Lebanese Forces MP <a href="/wiki/Strida_Geagea" class="mw-redirect" title="Strida Geagea">Strida Geagea</a> said she held rival Christian MPs responsible for the failure to elect a president<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berri's spokesman, Mohammad Ballout, read out a statement saying that the election was canceled "over lack of quorum." Berri set 2 September as the date for the next vote. Thirty minutes after the session began there were only 57 MPs present while Berri and Salaam were absent. Hezbollah MP Ali Fayyad reiterated that "the political stance on the presidential election has not changed. What is required is an agreement among the political parties on a conciliatory candidate for the presidency."<sup id="cite_ref-12aug_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12aug-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once again, the 11th round failed or a lack of quorum with only 50 of 86 necessary MPs present.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berri postponed the election to 9 October over a lack of quorum.<sup id="cite_ref-12thr_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12thr-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 13th round failed as well for lack of quorum, after only about 58 of the minimum 86 MPs were present. Berri set the 14th round for 29 October.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 15th round also failed for lack of quorum with Berri setting 10 December for the next round.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 27th round failed on 12 August 2015, with the next round set for 2 September.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 34th round failed on 16 December 2015, with the next round set for 7 January.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 35th round failed on 7 January 2016, with the next round set for 8 February.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 36th round failed on 8 February 2016, with the next round set for 2 March.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 37th round failed on 2 March 2016, with the next round set for 23 March.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 38th round failed on 23 March 2016, with the next round set for 18 April.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 39th round failed on 18 April 2016, with the next round set for 10 May.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 44th round failed on 7 September 2016, with the next round set for 28 September.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forty-sixth_session">Forty-sixth session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Forty-sixth session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After obtaining enough voting pledges for Michel Aoun, Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Berri</a> announced that an elective sitting would be held on 31 October 2016. Widespread acclamation ensued in the country, as the sitting would mark the end of the presidential vacuum. </p><p>All 127 MPs attended the sitting. The session started on 12 AM. The first round failed by a very narrow margin of 2 votes, as a two-thirds majority, 86 votes, would have been required for a win. There were 84 votes cast for <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>, one vote for MP Gilberte Zwein, and one invalid vote for pop star <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Klink" title="Myriam Klink">Myriam Klink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequent rounds required an absolute majority, 64 votes, for a win. The second round was rejected immediately because there were 128 votes in the urn, but only 127 MPs. </p><p>The third round was held at around 1 PM and failed similarly to the second round after MP Sami Gemayel contested Berri's decision to count the votes without requiring the total number to be valid. </p><p>The voting in the fourth round was done by placing the urn under surveillance by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Zahra_(legislator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Zahra (legislator)">Antoine Zahra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marwan_Hamadeh" title="Marwan Hamadeh">Marwan Hamadeh</a> to prevent double voting. This resulted in the successful election of MP Michel Aoun after receiving 83 votes. MP <a href="/wiki/Sethrida_Geagea" title="Sethrida Geagea">Sethrida Tawk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zorba_the_Greek" title="Zorba the Greek">Zorba the Greek</a> received one vote each.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other satirical votes included the statements "Cedar Revolution at your service" and "Legitimate or illegitimate session?" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Result">Result</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Result"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">First round of first session </th> <th colspan="3">2nd to 44th sessions* </th></tr> <tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Samir_Geagea" title="Samir Geagea">Samir Geagea</a></td> <td>48</td> <td>73.85 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Helou" title="Henri Helou">Henri Helou</a></td> <td>16</td> <td>24.61 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Amine_Gemayel" title="Amine Gemayel">Amine Gemayel</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>1.54 </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Valid votes</td> <td>65</td> <td>52.42 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Blank votes</td> <td>52</td> <td>41.93 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes</td> <td>7</td> <td>5.65 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b></td> <td><b>124</b></td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout</td> <td>128</td> <td>96.88 </td> <td></td> <td>128</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">First round of 45th session </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Cancelled round** </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Cancelled round** </th> <th colspan="3">Second round of 46th session </th></tr> <tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Michel Aoun </td> <td>84 </td> <td>98.82 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Michel Aoun </td> <td>83 </td> <td>98.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Gilberte Zouein </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.18 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sethrida Tawk </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Valid votes</td> <td>85</td> <td>66.93 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Valid votes</td> <td>84</td> <td>66.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Blank votes</td> <td>36</td> <td>28.35 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Blank votes</td> <td>36</td> <td>28.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes</td> <td>6</td> <td>4.72 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes</td> <td>7</td> <td>5.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>127</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td><b>128</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td><b>128</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>127</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>127 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>127 </td> <td>100.78 </td> <td>127 </td> <td>100.78 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>127 </td> <td>100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>*The interim sessions failed to achieve a <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> on their first round. </p><p>**The first and second attempt at the second round were cancelled because there were more votes than present MPs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_developments">Domestic developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Domestic developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</a>'s MP Michel Aoun said that he would insist on holding the parliamentary election on schedule if <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Saad_Hariri" title="Saad Hariri">Saad Hariri</a> did not support his candidacy for the presidency or if a new president will not be elected before September.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geagea challenged Aoun to run against him or move to a "plan B" that would enable a consensual candidate that is not considered partisan as being from either of the two political alliances, which, in addition to the two, are <a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Phalange</a>'s Amine Gemayel and <a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada Movement</a>'s Suleiman Frangieh.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the sixth round of voting failed, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Democratic_Party" title="Lebanese Democratic Party">Lebanese Democratic Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Talal_Arslan" title="Talal Arslan">Talal Arslan</a> suggested that the president should be directly elected by the people. In doing so, he said: "The presidential crisis is a major insult to the Lebanese nation.  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] The only way to save the nation and restore respect to the presidency is by holding the election directly by the people."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebanese Forces MP <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Zahra_(legislator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Zahra (legislator)">Antoine Zahra</a> added that Geagea remained the party's candidate and asked: "Do those who are obstructing the session and violating the constitution know that their right to [be] absent from the sessions drops in light of [a] presidential void?" At the same time, Geagea added: "The Lebanese people should address the lawmakers that they elected who are obstructing quorum and question the motives behind their action." Outgoing President Michel Suleiman added: "It is not right to accuse the foreign community of obstructing the presidential election while we are setting preconditions and counter-conditions for the features of the new president. Let us keep the foreign community away from the presidential election and take part in the parliamentary session to vote for a new president."<sup id="cite_ref-sux_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sux-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lebanon's <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a> Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Rashid_Qabbani" title="Mohammed Rashid Qabbani">Mohammed Rashid Qabbani</a> said on 27 June that the "[Presidential void] opens the door for a looseness in security, and invites those who [are willing to] do Lebanon harm. [It] is an abnormal situation that we should attempt to terminate it immediately."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first week of July and in response to Aoun's call for direct popular presidential elections, as well as an electoral draft law to allow each sect to choose its own representatives, Geagea told <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Joumhouria" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Joumhouria">al-Joumhouria</a></i>: "Aoun hasn’t proposed a serious initiative. He made a media stir to pressure the Lebanese parties into electing him a president. There is a need for amendments to carry out the presidential polls properly but these changes can be proposed only after the elections."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aoun's proposal would entail Christians voting in a first round and the top two candidates then running in a national election. Geagea's further response included: "The goal of putting forward a constitutional amendment is to divert attention from the presidential election."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amidst the ninth round, Zahra called on MPs to elect a new president when Speaker Nabih Berri called for a session to express solidarity with Gaza during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Protective_Edge" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Protective Edge">Operation Protective Edge</a> and Christians in Mosul during <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">2014 Northern Iraq offensive</a>. Zahra said "If two thirds of MPs were present to attend tomorrow’s session, then they should be able elect a new president. Refraining from doing so would be a violation of the constitution and an attempt to make people get used to not having a president."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Future Movement leader <a href="/wiki/Saad_Hariri" title="Saad Hariri">Saad Hariri</a>'s return from self-imposed exile in Saudi Arabia in August was hailed by some MPs as the impetus needed to break the stalemate. 14 March MP <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Ogasapian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Ogasapian (page does not exist)">Jean Ogasapian</a> said Hariri "is expected to make tangible progress in the presidential election." However, Geagea praised Hariri's return as "positive," but that his presence in Lebanon "will not change anything in terms of the presidential election because it’s not March 14 that is disrupting the election; it’s the other [political] team."<sup id="cite_ref-12aug_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12aug-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hariri reiterated: "We can’t accept the continuity of the presidential void. No parliamentary elections will take place before we hold presidential elections." He further noted that in the event of a continued stalemate, he would support the extension of the parliamentary mandate in order to avoid a void in state institutions. Just before he had met Jumblatt, who said Hariri's "presence in Lebanon is an essential factor in solving the country’s grave problems. The Arab world is threatened and there is general chaos but in the presence of Saad Hariri and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, there is an umbrella protecting Lebanon...it isn’t enough to acknowledge the protective umbrella, we, as concerned parties, should also reinforce and support stabilizing the state." He maintained his support for Helou because he was "a model for moderation. The moment we let go of Helou (as a candidate), we lose the line of centrism and moderation." He further condemned the paralysis of all state institutions and warned of a replication of the Iraqi crisis in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the 10th round, <a href="/wiki/Amine_Gemayel" title="Amine Gemayel">Amine Gemayel</a> said the country needs a president who would inspire confidence across all factions and would be able to defend the country’s interest internationally. He further noted that politicians and spiritual leaders needed to help end the stalemate.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berri also said he was in talks with Jumblatt to break the deadlock and added that "with every day that passes [without a solution], the presidential crisis becomes more complicated."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 11th round, <a href="/wiki/Bechara_Boutros_al-Rahi" title="Bechara Boutros al-Rahi">Bechara Boutros al-Rahi</a> said: "Depriving us from a president is a stab in the core of our dignity and [a betrayal to] the values of Lebanon. We suffer from a lot of corruption in the administration, including bribery, embezzlement and waste of public resources."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> After the 12th round, Berri said: "I am afraid that resolving this obstacle currently requires external intervention unfortunately."<sup id="cite_ref-12thr_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12thr-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebanese Forces MP George Adwan said parliamentary action was required to hold the upcoming parliamentary election. "Do the people know that if we do not modify two articles in the electoral law, the appeals against the election would automatically become legitimate and we will not have elections?" He also rejected accusations that he was advocating an extension of parliament's term.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PSP spokesman Rami Rayyes announced:<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>The Democratic Gathering bloc headed by Jumblatt holds on to its presidential candidate Henry Helou. We would save more time when the concerned parties are convinced that compromise is the only option. But unfortunately this doesn’t happen, making prospects dim for [early] presidential elections.</p></blockquote> <p>On the eve of the 13th round, Berri said he supported Hariri's stance that a parliamentary election needs to be preceded by the presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 13th failure, Geagea accused Hezbollah and FPM of aborting successive attempts alleging: "More than three months have passed without a president, impacting our sovereignty, economy and political situation and placing the whole country in limbo."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berri also suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon</a> could destabilise the country under a vacuum. "If the Lebanese remain united, then they (terrorists) will not be able to achieve much."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berri reiterated that the presidential outcome must be finalised before a parliamentary election.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rai warned from Canberra where he was meeting with Eastern church leaders, that Lebanon should not get used to the absence of a Christian president.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebanese Kataeb MP Elie Marouni added that the country was being destroyed in the vacuum;<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it comes a few months after he said Hariri's plan for a parliamentary electoral law could be in place shortly after a new president was chosen and that in regards to the candidates the country's needed Gemayel's "wisdom."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 15th round again fail to achieve a result for lack of a quorum after only 54 of 128 MPs were present. Berri set a new date for 19 November.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, parliament was due to vote the following week on extending its mandate by two years and seven months with a bill proposed by MP <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Fattoush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Fattoush (page does not exist)">Nicolas Fattoush</a>. Parties from both alliances have spoken out against the motion, including FPM, Kataeb and Lebanese Forces. Though Berri was initially opposed to motion, he changed his mind after the Future Movement said it would boycott a parliamentary election scheduled for 16 November<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in the absence of a president. This follows an extension of the parliamentary mandate by 17 months last year. Rai also reacted to the failure in saying it was time to use the "stick" and that "both political factions are waiting to see who is victorious: Sunnis or Shiites, Iran or Saudi Arabia, the regime in Syria or the opposition." Geagea, for his part, added that the failure was tantamount to "overthrowing the Lebanese political system" and would have dire consequences for the country, in particular the Christians. He also called for putting pressure on Hezbollah and Aoun to reach a deal saying that the latter's ambitions had left the country with a vacuum. He further criticised the proposed extension as the "greatest current fraud operation." Gemayel also met Aoun at his residence in Rabieh to discuss the deadlock, describing it as "excellent. If we don’t meet in these circumstances, when will we meet? We tried to convince Aoun to go down with us to a parliamentary session to elect a president, but he was not convinced. Maybe next time."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marada's Sleiman Frangieh said: "The president will remain a <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite Christianity in Lebanon">Maronite</a>, so why is the vacancy being taken negatively. There is a Christian agreement over rejecting a weak president. Christians today prefer a void over a weak president and this is a positive thing." He also praised Hariri for his moderate stand in regard to the north Lebanon clashes in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amidst suggestions to have a tri-partite power-sharing formula (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Bosnia">as in Bosnia</a> - tri-partite: <a href="/wiki/Maronite_Christianity_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite Christianity in Lebanon">Maronite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Islam in Lebanon">Shia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Islam in Lebanon">Sunni</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bechara_Boutros_al-Rahi" title="Bechara Boutros al-Rahi">Rai</a>, who was visiting Australia, also added "MPs did not elect a president, because they are waiting for a signal from certain states. A dangerous thing is happening now, which I did not believe before could happen, which is that they [certain MPs] want a conference to reconsider Lebanon as an entity and they want a tripartite power-sharing formula. I say that we will not accept a tripartite power-sharing formula or any conference [to reconsider the Lebanese political system]."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_reaction">International reaction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: International reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the sixth round, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> issued a statement that read: "The Council urges the Parliament to uphold Lebanon’s longstanding democratic tradition and to work to ensure that presidential elections take place as soon as possible and without external interference." It follows Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>'s comments four days earlier expressing regret over a failure to elect a new president and calling for a new one "without delay."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Support_Group_for_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Support Group for Lebanon (page does not exist)">International Support Group for Lebanon</a> (ISGL) called for strong work amongst national leaders to quickly elect a new president, while also saying the <a href="/wiki/Tammam_Salam" title="Tammam Salam">Tammam Salam</a> government needed to remain functional. U.N. Special Coordinator for Lebanon <a href="/wiki/Derek_Plumbly" title="Derek Plumbly">Derek Plumbly</a> said: "We underline again that there is no international impediment to [holding the presidential election]. On the contrary, while the process must remain a purely Lebanese one, Lebanon’s friends within the international community stand ready to offer Lebanon every possible encouragement and support at this time."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On a visit surprise to Beirut in early June, U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> called for the speedy election of a president.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A delegation from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> also visited the country in the end of June to meet with Maronite Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Bechara_Boutros_al-Rahi" title="Bechara Boutros al-Rahi">Bechara Boutros al-Rahi</a>. They were scheduled to discuss the election amid rumours that the latter was planning a trip to other countries to try and resolve the impasse over the election.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the failure of the 11th round, Plumbly said he "stress[es] the importance of preserving Lebanon’s values of democracy, moderation and pluralism, and the institutions of the state which enshrine them" and he has solidarity with the institutions of the state that he claimed were "held hostage by violent extremist groups."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year-old ISGL was also focusing on the election.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the sidelines of the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Sixty-ninth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Sixty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly">sixty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly</a>, the ISGL issued a statement that read there is still an international umbrella protecting Lebanon. In regards to the election, an unnamed diplomatic source said the solution lay with Lebanese officials. International players would limit their work to getting influential countries to pressure their allies to facilitate electing a president but that the deadlock was less complicated than the Syrian or regional conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saudi Arabia said a US$3 billion grant for arms, signed along with France, was pending approval after the election of a new president to get assurances Hezbollah would not benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French Ambassador Patrice Paoli said that a new president was needed who had strong ties with the variety of political parties and that his country maintained an open dialogue with all groups, including the Western-banned Hezbollah. "Officials should get together to discuss the presidential paralysis and choose a person for the post, and the strong president is the one who has strong relationships with all parties."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former colonial power France, with the backing of the U.S., was said to be in talks with Iran over resolving the deadlock.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jun-09/259417-session-to-elect-president-not-serious-at-all.ashx">"Strike six in Lebanon's presidential election"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i>. 9 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140613003639/https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jun-09/259417-session-to-elect-president-not-serious-at-all.ashx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/lebanese-parliament-fails-elect-president-13th-time">the original</a> on 17 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lebanese+Parliament+fails+to+elect+president+for+13th+time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.al-akhbar.com%2Fcontent%2Flebanese-parliament-fails-elect-president-13th-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/lebanon-fails-to-elect-president-again-114111901383_1.html">"Lebanon fails to elect president again"</a>. Indo-Asian News Service. 12 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lebanon+fails+to+elect+president+again&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fnews-ians%2Flebanon-fails-to-elect-president-again-114111901383_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Aug-12/310790-lebanon-parliament-fails-to-elect-president-for-27th-time.ashx">"Lebanon Parliament fails to elect president for 27th time"</a>. <i>Daily Star</i>. 12 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Lebanon+Parliament+fails+to+elect+president+for+27th+time&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2015%2FAug-12%2F310790-lebanon-parliament-fails-to-elect-president-for-27th-time.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Dec-16/327639-lebanon-presidential-election-shelved-until-jan7.ashx">"Lebanon presidential election shelved until Jan.7"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Lebanon+presidential+election+shelved+until+Jan.7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2015%2FDec-16%2F327639-lebanon-presidential-election-shelved-until-jan7.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2016/Jan-07/330629-lebanon-election-vote-postponed-until-feb-8.ashx">"Lebanon presidential election adjourned to Feb. 8"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Lebanon+presidential+election+adjourned+to+Feb.+8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2016%2FJan-07%2F330629-lebanon-election-vote-postponed-until-feb-8.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2016/Feb-08/336226-lebanon-presidential-election-adjourned-to-march-2.ashx">"Lebanon presidential election adjourned to March 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Lebanon+presidential+election+adjourned+to+March+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2016%2FFeb-08%2F336226-lebanon-presidential-election-adjourned-to-march-2.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2016/Mar-03/340332-march-14-closes-ranks-closer-to-quorum.ashx">"March 14 closes ranks, closer to quorum"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=March+14+closes+ranks%2C+closer+to+quorum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2016%2FMar-03%2F340332-march-14-closes-ranks-closer-to-quorum.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323111614/https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2016/Mar-23/343683-lebanon-mps-scatter-to-parliament-to-attend-37th-election-session.ashx">"Lebanon MPs fail to form quorum for 37th president election session"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i>. 23 March 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mtv.com.lb/EN/News/362972">the original</a> on 30 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Berri+postpones+presidential+election+to+Nov.+19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FOct-29%2F275774-berri-postpones-presidential-election-to-nov-19.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Oct-30/275855-mps-fail-on-president-prepare-to-extend-term.ashx">"MPs fail on president, prepare to extend term"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=MPs+fail+on+president%2C+prepare+to+extend+term&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FOct-30%2F275855-mps-fail-on-president-prepare-to-extend-term.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Oct-28/275662-frangieh-vacuum-better-than-weak-president.ashx">"Frangieh: Vacuum better than weak president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Frangieh%3A+Vacuum+better+than+weak+president&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FOct-28%2F275662-frangieh-vacuum-better-than-weak-president.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Nov-01/276153-rai-condemns-tripartite-power-sharing-idea.ashx">"Rai condemns tripartite power-sharing idea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Rai+condemns+tripartite+power-sharing+idea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FNov-01%2F276153-rai-condemns-tripartite-power-sharing-idea.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47925">"Lebanon: Security Council urges speedy election amid presidential vacuum"</a>. United Nations. 29 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lebanon%3A+Security+Council+urges+speedy+election+amid+presidential+vacuum&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D47925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/May-26/257775-correction-speaker-calls-for-session-to-elect-a-new-president-on-june-9.ashx">"International Support Group for Lebanon calls for presidential election without delay"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=International+Support+Group+for+Lebanon+calls+for+presidential+election+without+delay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FMay-26%2F257775-correction-speaker-calls-for-session-to-elect-a-new-president-on-june-9.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Jun-04/258847-secretary-john-kerry-arrives-in-beirut.ashx">"Kerry urges the election of strong Lebanese president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Kerry+urges+the+election+of+strong+Lebanese+president&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FJun-04%2F258847-secretary-john-kerry-arrives-in-beirut.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/136728-vatican-delegation-visits-lebanon-al-rahi-heads-on-foreign-tour-over-presidential-elections">"Vatican Delegation Visits Lebanon, Al-Rahi Heads on Foreign Tour over Presidential Elections"</a>. Naharnet.com. 28 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+Delegation+Visits+Lebanon%2C+Al-Rahi+Heads+on+Foreign+Tour+over+Presidential+Elections&rft.pub=Naharnet.com&rft.date=2014-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F136728-vatican-delegation-visits-lebanon-al-rahi-heads-on-foreign-tour-over-presidential-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Sep-03/269434-un-urges-parties-to-elect-president-now.ashx">"UN urges Lebanese parties to elect president now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=UN+urges+Lebanese+parties+to+elect+president+now&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FSep-03%2F269434-un-urges-parties-to-elect-president-now.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Sep-05/269625-terrorism-presidential-election-to-top-support-group-agenda.ashx">"Terrorism, presidential election to top Support Group agenda"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Terrorism%2C+presidential+election+to+top+Support+Group+agenda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FSep-05%2F269625-terrorism-presidential-election-to-top-support-group-agenda.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Sep-29/272320-international-allies-renew-support-for-lebanon.ashx">"International allies renew support for Lebanon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=International+allies+renew+support+for+Lebanon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FSep-29%2F272320-international-allies-renew-support-for-lebanon.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Oct-03/272881-saudi-arabia-waiting-on-new-president-for-3b-grant-to-lebanon.ashx">"Saudi Arabia waiting on new president for $3B grant to Lebanon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+waiting+on+new+president+for+%243B+grant+to+Lebanon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FOct-03%2F272881-saudi-arabia-waiting-on-new-president-for-3b-grant-to-lebanon.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Oct-11/273746-lebanon-president-must-be-open-to-all-parties-french-ambassador.ashx">"Lebanon president must be open to all parties: French ambassador"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Lebanon+president+must+be+open+to+all+parties%3A+French+ambassador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FOct-11%2F273746-lebanon-president-must-be-open-to-all-parties-french-ambassador.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Nov-20/278282-france-pushes-iran-to-help-end-lebanon-presidential-crisis-report.ashx">"France pushes Iran to help end Lebanon presidential crisis: report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=France+pushes+Iran+to+help+end+Lebanon+presidential+crisis%3A+report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FNov-20%2F278282-france-pushes-iran-to-help-end-lebanon-presidential-crisis-report.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2014%E2%80%932016+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Lebanon" title="Template:Presidents of Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Presidents of Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Lebanon_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">Presidents of Lebanon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Lebanon" title="List of presidents of Lebanon">list</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">French Mandate</a><br />(1918–1943)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Debbas" title="Charles Debbas">Charles Debbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privat-Antoine_Aubouard" title="Privat-Antoine Aubouard">Privat-Antoine Aubouard</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Pacha_Es-Saad" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib Pacha Es-Saad">Habib Pacha Es-Saad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Edd%C3%A9" title="Émile Eddé">Émile Eddé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Georges_Arlabosse" title="Pierre-Georges Arlabosse">Pierre-Georges Arlabosse</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Naqqache" title="Alfred Naqqache">Alfred Naqqache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoub_Tabet" title="Ayoub Tabet">Ayoub Tabet</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Trad" title="Petro Trad">Petro Trad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanese Republic</a><br />(since 1943)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bechara_El_Khoury" title="Bechara El Khoury">Bechara El Khoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Edd%C3%A9" title="Émile Eddé">Émile Eddé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechara_El_Khoury" title="Bechara El Khoury">Bechara El Khoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Chehab" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuad Chehab">Fuad Chehab</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chamoun" title="Camille Chamoun">Camille Chamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Chehab" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuad Chehab">Fuad Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Helou" title="Charles Helou">Charles Helou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh" title="Suleiman Frangieh">Suleiman Frangieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lias_Sarkis" title="Élias Sarkis">Élias Sarkis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bachir_Gemayel" title="Bachir Gemayel">Bachir Gemayel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amine_Gemayel" title="Amine Gemayel">Amine Gemayel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a></i>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_Hoss" class="mw-redirect" title="Selim Hoss">Selim Hoss</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Moawad" title="René Moawad">René Moawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_Hoss" class="mw-redirect" title="Selim Hoss">Selim Hoss</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Hrawi" title="Elias Hrawi">Elias Hrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Lahoud" title="Émile Lahoud">Émile Lahoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Suleiman" title="Michel Suleiman">Michel Suleiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 Lebanese presidential election (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_Lebanese_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 Lebanese presidential election (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1936 Lebanese presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1943 Lebanese presidential election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1948 Lebanese presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1952 Lebanese presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1958 Lebanese presidential election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1964 Lebanese presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1970 Lebanese presidential election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1976 Lebanese presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1982_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="August 1982 Lebanese presidential election">1982 (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1982_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="September 1982 Lebanese presidential election">1982 (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_November_1989_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="5 November 1989 Lebanese presidential election">1989 (5 Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_November_1989_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="24 November 1989 Lebanese presidential election">1989 (24 Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1998 Lebanese presidential election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Lebanese presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2014–2016</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932024_Lebanese_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2024 Lebanese presidential election">2022–2024</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* <small>Acting</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" 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