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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography and climate subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Geography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Civic administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Civic administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_and_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Law and order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Public transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.3 Metro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.4 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Secondary education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_service_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_service_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Social service organisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_service_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Navy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kochi</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" > 89 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7)" title="كوتشي (كيرلا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوتشي (كيرلا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C_(%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="کوچی (هیندوستان) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوچی (هیندوستان)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF" title="কোচি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোচি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98)" title="Kochi (Ìn-tō͘) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kochi (Ìn-tō͘)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Кочын – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кочын" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF" title="कोच्चि – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोच्चि" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кочин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кочин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(%C3%8Dndia)" title="Kochi (Índia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kochi (Índia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin_(lungsod_sa_Indiya)" title="Cochin (lungsod sa Indiya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cochin (lungsod sa Indiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%C4%8Din" title="Kóčin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kóčin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(Indien)" title="Kochi (Indien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kochi (Indien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin" title="Cochin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cochin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AF" title="Κοτσί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοτσί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coch%C3%ADn" title="Cochín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cochín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%89i_(Barato)" title="Koĉi (Barato) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koĉi (Barato)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(India)" title="Kochi (India) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kochi (India)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="کوچی (هند) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوچی (هند)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin_(Inde)" title="Cochin (Inde) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cochin (Inde)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin" title="Cochin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cochin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80" title="કોચી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કોચી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF" title="कोच्चि – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कोच्चि" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%B9%98_(%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84)" title="코치 (인도) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코치 (인도)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կոչին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոչին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF" title="कोच्चि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोच्चि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF" title="কোচি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কোচি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_Kerala" title="Kochi, Kerala – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kochi, Kerala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кочин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кочин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A6%27%D7%99" title="קוצ'י – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוצ'י" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕೊಚ್ಚಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊಚ್ಚಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_India" title="Kochi, India – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kochi, India" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="კოჩი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოჩი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="کوچی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کوچی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_Kerala" title="Kochi, Kerala – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kochi, Kerala" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochinum" title="Cochinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cochinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Di_(Indija)" title="Koči (Indija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koči (Indija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dis_(Indija)" title="Kočis (Indija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kočis (Indija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koccsi" title="Koccsi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koccsi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF" title="कोच्चि – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कोच्चि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF" title="കൊച്ചി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊച്ചി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="कोची – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोची" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="კოჩი (ინდოეთი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოჩი (ინდოეთი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%89" title="مدينه كوتشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه كوتشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_India" title="Kochi, India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kochi, India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(India)" title="Kochi (India) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kochi (India)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF" title="कोच्चि – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कोच्चि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="कोची – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोची" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="コーチ (インド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーチ (インド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Коччи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Коччи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(India)" title="Kochi (India) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kochi (India)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(%C3%8Dndia)" title="Kochi (Índia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kochi (Índia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF" title="କୋଚି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋଚି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੋਚੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਚੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="کوچی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوچی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="کوچين – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوچين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koczin" title="Koczin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koczin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochim" title="Cochim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cochim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_India" title="Kochi, India – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kochi, India" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Кочин (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кочин (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="कोच्ची – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोच्ची" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱚᱪᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱪᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_India" title="Kochi, India – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kochi, India" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Di,_Indija" title="Koči, Indija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koči, Indija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koczin" title="Koczin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Koczin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%86%DB%8C_(%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="کۆچی (ھیندستان) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆچی (ھیندستان)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кочин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кочин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi_(Intia)" title="Kochi (Intia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kochi (Intia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_Kerala" title="Kochi, Kerala – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kochi, Kerala" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="கொச்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொச்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF" title="కొచ్చి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొచ్చి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4" title="โกจจิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โกจจิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C3%A7i" title="Koçi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Koçi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%96_(%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Кочі (Індія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кочі (Індія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C" title="کوچی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوچی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi,_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Kochi, Ấn Độ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kochi, Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kochi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%A5%87" title="戈奇 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="戈奇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C3%A7i" title="Koçi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Koçi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A5%91" title="科契 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科契" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1800#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kochi&params=9_55_52.3_N_76_16_02.3_E_">9°55′52.3″N 76°16′02.3″E / 9.931194°N 76.267306°E / 9.931194; 76.267306</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Kerala, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in India. For the city in Japan, see <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi,_K%C5%8Dchi" title="Kōchi, Kōchi">Kōchi, Kōchi</a>. For the Japanese prefecture, see <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_Prefecture" title="Kōchi Prefecture">Kōchi Prefecture</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kochi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kochi (disambiguation)">Kochi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cochin" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cochin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cochin (disambiguation)">Cochin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Kerala, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kochi</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Kocci (<a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>)</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Cochin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td 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.tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:192px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kochi_Skyline.jpg/288px-Kochi_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kochi_Skyline.jpg/432px-Kochi_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kochi_Skyline.jpg/576px-Kochi_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Infopark_Kochi_in_2023_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Infopark_Kochi_in_2023_2.jpg/134px-Infopark_Kochi_in_2023_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Infopark_Kochi_in_2023_2.jpg/201px-Infopark_Kochi_in_2023_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Infopark_Kochi_in_2023_2.jpg/268px-Infopark_Kochi_in_2023_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/InfoPark,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoPark, Kochi">Infopark Phase I</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:07.10.2007_Sunset_at_Kochi-Fishernets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/07.10.2007_Sunset_at_Kochi-Fishernets.jpg/150px-07.10.2007_Sunset_at_Kochi-Fishernets.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/07.10.2007_Sunset_at_Kochi-Fishernets.jpg/225px-07.10.2007_Sunset_at_Kochi-Fishernets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/07.10.2007_Sunset_at_Kochi-Fishernets.jpg/300px-07.10.2007_Sunset_at_Kochi-Fishernets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fishing_nets" title="Chinese fishing nets">Chinese fishing nets</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Hill_Palace_Cochin_(23656703924).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hill_Palace_Cochin_%2823656703924%29.jpg/134px-Hill_Palace_Cochin_%2823656703924%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hill_Palace_Cochin_%2823656703924%29.jpg/201px-Hill_Palace_Cochin_%2823656703924%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hill_Palace_Cochin_%2823656703924%29.jpg/268px-Hill_Palace_Cochin_%2823656703924%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3983" data-file-height="2987" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hill_Palace,_Tripunithura" title="Hill Palace, Tripunithura">Hill Palace Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_International_Marina,_Bolgatty_Island,_Kerala,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg/150px-Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg/225px-Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg/300px-Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kochi_International_Marina" title="Kochi International Marina">Kochi International Marina</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen%27s_Way_Kochi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Queen%27s_Way_Kochi.jpg/134px-Queen%27s_Way_Kochi.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Queen%27s_Way_Kochi.jpg/201px-Queen%27s_Way_Kochi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Queen%27s_Way_Kochi.jpg/268px-Queen%27s_Way_Kochi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Way,_Kochi" title="Queen's Way, Kochi">Queen's Way</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolgatty_Palace_Hotel_by_Augustus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bolgatty_Palace_Hotel_by_Augustus.jpg/150px-Bolgatty_Palace_Hotel_by_Augustus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bolgatty_Palace_Hotel_by_Augustus.jpg/225px-Bolgatty_Palace_Hotel_by_Augustus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bolgatty_Palace_Hotel_by_Augustus.jpg/300px-Bolgatty_Palace_Hotel_by_Augustus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bolgatty_Palace" title="Bolgatty Palace">Bolgatty Palace</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:181px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Vikrant_under_construction_at_Cochin_Shipyard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/INS_Vikrant_under_construction_at_Cochin_Shipyard.png/288px-INS_Vikrant_under_construction_at_Cochin_Shipyard.png" decoding="async" width="288" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/INS_Vikrant_under_construction_at_Cochin_Shipyard.png/432px-INS_Vikrant_under_construction_at_Cochin_Shipyard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/INS_Vikrant_under_construction_at_Cochin_Shipyard.png/576px-INS_Vikrant_under_construction_at_Cochin_Shipyard.png 2x" data-file-width="3314" data-file-height="2094" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant</a> under construction at <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Shipyard" title="Cochin Shipyard">Cochin Shipyard</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Queen of the Arabian Sea<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 450px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="450" data-zoom="7" data-lat="10.5" data-lon="76.2" data-overlays="["_590c0a84b8b70ed785e35fc11fe1419d5cbfe10d"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/10.5/76.2/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,10.5,76.2,250x450.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kochi&revid=1275137642&groups=_590c0a84b8b70ed785e35fc11fe1419d5cbfe10d" width="250" height="450" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,10.5,76.2,250x450@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kochi&revid=1275137642&groups=_590c0a84b8b70ed785e35fc11fe1419d5cbfe10d 2x" alt="Map" /></a> Kochi in Kerala map</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="290" data-zoom="11" data-lat="9.96" data-lon="76.276" data-overlays="["_0dab9286961f7ad70976ff45e6cc83342deec3ea"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/9.96/76.276/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,9.96,76.276,250x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kochi&revid=1275137642&groups=_0dab9286961f7ad70976ff45e6cc83342deec3ea" width="250" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,9.96,76.276,250x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kochi&revid=1275137642&groups=_0dab9286961f7ad70976ff45e6cc83342deec3ea 2x" alt="Map" /></a> Kochi outline map</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_India_area_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kochi_India_area_locator_map.svg/300px-Kochi_India_area_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kochi_India_area_locator_map.svg/450px-Kochi_India_area_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Kochi_India_area_locator_map.svg/600px-Kochi_India_area_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="788" /></a> Kochi map</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kochi&params=9_55_52.3_N_76_16_02.3_E_">9°55′52.3″N 76°16′02.3″E / 9.931194°N 76.267306°E / 9.931194; 76.267306</a><a class="external autonumber" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kochi&params=9_55_52.3_N_76_16_02.3_E_type:city(677381)_region:IN">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Government_of_Kerala_Logo.svg/23px-Government_of_Kerala_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Government_of_Kerala_Logo.svg/35px-Government_of_Kerala_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Government_of_Kerala_Logo.svg/46px-Government_of_Kerala_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="471" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1958<a href="#cite_note-Ernakulam_Portal-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation">Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">Greater Cochin Development Authority</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">M Anilkumar (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament#India" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hibi_Eden" title="Hibi Eden">Hibi Eden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City Police Commissioner</th><td class="infobox-data">C. H. Nagaraju IPS</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-Corporation_Stats-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">94.88 km2 (36.63 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">440 km2 (170 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">26.02 m (85.37 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_Stats-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">677,381</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,100/km2 (18,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-Metropolitan_Stats-6">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,119,724</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English: Kochite, Cochinite,<a href="#cite_note-Sadasivan2005-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Menon1977-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>: Kochikaran (M), Kochikari (F)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN (code)s</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">682xxx, 683xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_India" title="Telephone numbers in India">+91484xxxxxxx</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>KL-07 <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a></li> <li>KL-39 <a href="/wiki/Thripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Thripunithura">Thripunithura</a></li> <li>KL-40 <a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li>KL-41 <a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li>KL-42 <a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li>KL-43 <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></li> <li>KL-63 <a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judicial Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Kerala">High Court of Kerala</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coastline</th><td class="infobox-data">48 kilometres (30 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">Sex ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1028 <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">/♀</a> /1000<a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Literacy</th><td class="infobox-data">98.5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">International airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport" title="Cochin International Airport">Cochin International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid Transit">Rapid Transit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-langoff-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>(2020)</th><td class="infobox-data">US$21.376 (equivalent to $25.17 in 2023) billion <a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development Agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">GCDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goshree_Islands_Development_Authority" title="Goshree Islands Development Authority">GIDA</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Climatic_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Climatic regions of India">Am</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,228.3 millimetres (127.10 in)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cochinmunicipalcorporation.kerala.gov.in/">cochinmunicipalcorporation.kerala.gov.in</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> Kochi (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkoʊtʃi/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KOH-chee</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Malayalam: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">[kotˈt͡ʃi]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/09\/Kochi_R1.ogg\/Kochi_R1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Kochi R1.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Kochi_R1.ogg/Kochi_R1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_R1.ogg" title="File:Kochi R1.ogg">ⓘ</a>), <a href="/wiki/List_of_renamed_Indian_cities_and_states#Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="List of renamed Indian cities and states">formerly known as</a> Cochin (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkoʊtʃɪn/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KOH-chin</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Makhdoom-12">[12]</a> is a major port city along the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> of India bordering the <a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a>. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">district of Ernakulam</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. The city is also commonly referred to as <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>. As of 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a> had a population of 677,381<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_Stats-4">[4]</a> over an area of 94.88 km2, and the larger <a href="/wiki/Kochi_metropolitan_area" title="Kochi metropolitan area">Kochi urban agglomeration</a> had over 2.1 million inhabitants within an area of 440 km2, making it the largest and the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kerala#Most_populous_urban_agglomerations" title="Demographics of Kerala">most populous</a> <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi Metropolitan Area">metropolitan area</a> in Kerala. Kochi city is also part of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Cochin">Greater Cochin</a> development region<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and is classified as a Tier-II city by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. The civic body that governs the city is the <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a>, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">Greater Cochin Development Authority</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> (GCDA) and the <a href="/wiki/Goshree_Islands_Development_Authority" title="Goshree Islands Development Authority">Goshree Islands Development Authority</a> (GIDA).<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Nicknamed the Queen of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, Kochi was an important spice trading center on the west coast of India from antiquity. The port of <a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a> traded with the Romans, Persians, Arabs, and Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> From 1503 to 1663, the Portuguese established <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Emmanuel" title="Fort Emmanuel">Fort Emmanuel</a>), before it was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Dutch</a> in 1663. The Dutch then <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">ceded the area</a> to the United Kingdom. Kochi remained under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a>, which became a <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>. Today, Kochi is known as the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Financial_Capital-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> commercial<a href="#cite_note-Commercial_Capital-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and industrial<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> capital of Kerala. Kochi is the only city in the country to have a <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Water_Metro" title="Kochi Water Metro">water metro system</a>, which has been described as the world's largest electric boat metro transportation infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Kochi also successfully conducted the test flight for Kerala's first seaplane service.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport" title="Cochin International Airport">Cochin International Airport</a> is the first in the world to operate solely on <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Kochi was one of the 28 Indian cities among the emerging 440 global cities that will contribute 50% of the world GDP by 2025, in a 2011 study done by the <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey</a> Global Institute.<a href="#cite_note-Urban_world:_Mapping_the_economic_power_of_cities-27">[27]</a> In July 2018, Kochi was ranked the topmost emerging future megacity in India by global professional services firm <a href="/wiki/JLL_(company)" title="JLL (company)">JLL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Kochi's rich cultural heritage has made it a popular tourist destination among both domestic and international travellers. It has been hosting India's first art biennale, the <a href="/wiki/Kochi-Muziris_Biennale" title="Kochi-Muziris Biennale">Kochi-Muziris Biennale</a>, since 2012, which attracts international artists and tourists.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_fishing_nets" title="Chinese fishing nets">Chinese fishing nets</a>, introduced during the 14th century by the Chinese, are a symbol of the city and a popular tourist attraction in themselves.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Other landmarks include <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry_Palace" title="Mattancherry Palace">Mattanchery Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venduruthy_Bridge" title="Venduruthy Bridge">Venduruthy Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Francis,_Kochi" title="Church of Saint Francis, Kochi">Church of Saint Francis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry_Bridge" title="Mattancherry Bridge">Mattanchery Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The city ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tourism_Statistics-34">[34]</a> The city was ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Holdings" title="Nielsen Holdings">Nielsen Company</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Outlook_(Indian_magazine)" title="Outlook (Indian magazine)">Outlook Traveller magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In October 2019, Kochi was ranked seventh in <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>'s list of top 10 cities in the world to visit in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In November 2023, the British Luxury travel magazine <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Traveller" title="Condé Nast Traveller">Condé Nast Traveller</a> rated Kochi as one of the best places to go in Asia in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> Ancient travellers and tradesmen referred to Kochi, variously alluding to it as Cocym, Cochym, Cochin, and Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-auto-39">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochin Jewish community</a> called Cochin Kogin (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: קוגין), which is seen in the seal of the synagogue owned by the community.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> merchants called this place Kashi, which is seen in the books such as <a href="/wiki/Tuhfat_Ul_Mujahideen" title="Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen">Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Makhdoom-12">[12]</a> The origin of the name Kochi is thought to be the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> word kochu azhi, meaning 'small lagoon'. Accounts by Italian explorers <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Da_Conti" class="mw-redirect" title="Niccolò Da Conti">Nicolo Conti</a> (15th century), and Fra Paoline in the 17th century say that it was called Kochchi, named after the river connecting the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Backwaters" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala Backwaters">backwaters</a> to the sea.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the arrival of the Portuguese, and later the British, the name Cochin stuck as the official appellation. The city <a href="/wiki/Renaming_of_cities_in_India" title="Renaming of cities in India">reverted</a> to a closer transcription of its original <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> name, Kochi, in 1996. This change in name was challenged by the city municipal corporation, but the court later dismissed the plea.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kochi" title="History of Kochi">History of Kochi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a>, a port somewhere north of Kochi (mostly identified with <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur district</a>), was the centre of Indian <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a> for many centuries, and was known to the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yavanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavanas">Yavanas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>) as well as <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, Syrians, and Chinese since <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ernakulam_Portal-3">[3]</a> Kochi rose to significance as a trading centre after the port <a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a> around <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> (Cranganore) was destroyed by the massive flooding of <a href="/wiki/Periyar_River" title="Periyar River">Periyar</a> in 1341.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The earliest documented references to Kochi occur in books written by Chinese voyager <a href="/wiki/Ma_Huan" title="Ma Huan">Ma Huan</a> during <a href="/wiki/Treasure_voyages" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasure voyages">his visit to Kochi in the 15th century</a> as part of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>'s treasure fleet.<a href="#cite_note-mahuan-43">[43]</a> There are also references to Kochi in accounts written by Italian traveller <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Da_Conti" class="mw-redirect" title="Niccolò Da Conti">Niccolò Da Conti</a>, who visited Kochi in 1440.<a href="#cite_note-[[Niccolò_di_Conti]]-44">[44]</a> The ruler of <a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu,_Malappuram" title="Perumpadappu, Malappuram">Perumpadappu</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a>) fled to <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> in the early medieval period, when the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of Calicut annexed <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a> region, after <a href="/wiki/Tirunavaya" title="Tirunavaya">Tirunavaya</a> war.<a href="#cite_note-askh-45">[45]</a> They later moved to Kochi and established the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-askh-45">[45]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Vasco_Da_Gama" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco Da Gama">Vasco Da Gama</a> landed at <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a> and the Zamorin of Calicut fought against the Portuguese with <a href="/wiki/Kunjali_Marakkar" title="Kunjali Marakkar">Kunjali Marakkar</a>, the ruler of Cochin aligned with the Portuguese.<a href="#cite_note-askh-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_of_Pedro_Alvares_Cabral_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miniature_of_Pedro_Alvares_Cabral_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Miniature_of_Pedro_Alvares_Cabral_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miniature_of_Pedro_Alvares_Cabral_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Miniature_of_Pedro_Alvares_Cabral_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Miniature_of_Pedro_Alvares_Cabral_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Miniature_of_Pedro_Alvares_Cabral_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> established <a href="/wiki/Fort_Emmanuel" title="Fort Emmanuel">Portuguese forts</a> in the city. (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Cochim) in 1500, which lasted until 1663.</figcaption></figure> On the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar region">Malabar</a> coast during the early 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut</a> and Kochi were in an intense rivalry, so the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> of China decided to intervene by granting special status to Kochi and its ruler known as Keyili (可亦里) to the Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-46">[46]</a> Calicut had been the dominant port-city in the region, but Kochi was emerging as its main rival.<a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-46">[46]</a> For the fifth <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyage" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming treasure voyage">Ming treasure voyage</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> was instructed to confer a seal upon Keyili of Kochi and enfeoff a mountain in his kingdom as the Zhenguo Zhi Shan (鎮國之山, Mountain Which Protects the Country).<a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-46">[46]</a> Zheng He delivered a stone tablet, inscribed with a proclamation composed by the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> himself, to Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-46">[46]</a> As long as Kochi remained under the protection of Ming China, the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of Calicut was unable to invade Kochi and a military conflict was averted.<a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-46">[46]</a> The cessation of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Ming treasure voyages">Ming treasure voyages</a> consequently had negative results for Kochi, as the Zamorin of Calicut would eventually launch an invasion against Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-46">[46]</a> In the late 15th century, the Zamorin occupied Kochi and installed his representative as the king of the port-city.<a href="#cite_note-sen16-616-7-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/220px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/330px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/440px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Names, routes and locations of the <a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a> (1st century CE)</figcaption></figure> According to many historians, the precursor state to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Kochi">Kingdom of Kochi</a> came into existence in the early 12th century, after the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Chera_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chera Kingdom">Chera Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_of_Kochi-47">[47]</a> The reign of the Kingdom was hereditary, and the family that ruled over the region was known as the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Royal Family">Perumpadappu Swaroopam</a> in the local vernacular. The port at <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a> held superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, and Kochi, were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather.<a href="#cite_note-Malekandathil-48">[48]</a> The Portuguese arrived at <a href="/wiki/Kappad" title="Kappad">Kappad</a> <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a> in 1498 during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to India.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Portuguese navigator, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> founded the first European settlement in India at Kochi in 1500.<a href="#cite_note-First_European_Settlement-50">[50]</a> From 1503 to 1663, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Emmanuel" title="Fort Emmanuel">Fort Emmanuel</a>) was <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">ruled by Portugal</a>. This Portuguese period was a harrowing time for the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Mappilas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Jews</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Goa_Inquisition" title="Goa Inquisition">Inquisition</a> was active in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a>. The ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tanur" title="Kingdom of Tanur">Kingdom of Tanur</a>, who was a vassal to the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of Calicut, sided with the Portuguese, against his overlord at <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-askh-45">[45]</a> As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tanur" title="Kingdom of Tanur">Kingdom of Tanur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tirur_Taluk" title="Tirur Taluk">Vettathunadu</a>) became one of the earliest Portuguese Colonies in India. The ruler of <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a> also sided with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Cochin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-askh-45">[45]</a> Many of the members of the royal family of Cochin in 16th and 17th centuries were selected from <a href="/wiki/Vettom_Grama_Panchayath" class="mw-redirect" title="Vettom Grama Panchayath">Vettom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-askh-45">[45]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a> forces under the king fought for the Zamorin of Calicut in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cochin_(1504)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cochin (1504)">Battle of Cochin (1504)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Logan-51">[51]</a> However, the allegiance of the <a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Mappila</a> merchants in <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a> region still stayed under the Zamorin of Calicut.<a href="#cite_note-Makhdoom-12">[12]</a> Kochi hosted the grave of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>, the first European explorer to set sail for India, who was buried at <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Church,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis Church, Kochi">St. Francis Church</a> until his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539.<a href="#cite_note-Vasco_Da_Gama-52">[52]</a> The Portuguese rule was followed by that of the Dutch who renamed Fort Immanuel as Fort Stormsburg. In meantime, the Royal Family of Kochi relocated the capital of Kochi Kingdom to <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>, leaving nominal authority over Islands of Kochi. In 1664, Fort Kochi Municipality was established by Dutch, making it the first municipality in Indian subcontinent, which got dissolved when Dutch authority got weaker in the 18th century. The remaining part of Kochi were governed by governors of Kochi Kingdom. By 1773, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> extended his conquest in the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar region">Malabar region</a> to Kochi forcing it to become a tributary of <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>. The hereditary Prime Ministership of Kochi held by the <a href="/wiki/Paliath_Achan" title="Paliath Achan">Paliath Achans</a> ended during this period.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Planta_de_cochim_bocarro_1635.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Planta_de_cochim_bocarro_1635.jpg/220px-Planta_de_cochim_bocarro_1635.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Planta_de_cochim_bocarro_1635.jpg/330px-Planta_de_cochim_bocarro_1635.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Planta_de_cochim_bocarro_1635.jpg/440px-Planta_de_cochim_bocarro_1635.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6038" data-file-height="4166" /></a><figcaption>Map of Kochi in the 1635 <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro_das_Plantas_de_Todas_as_Fortalezas" class="extiw" title="pt:Livro das Plantas de Todas as Fortalezas">Livro das Plantas de Todas as Fortalezas</a>, a catalogue of <a href="/wiki/Category:Portuguese_forts_in_India" title="Category:Portuguese forts in India">Portuguese forts in India</a></figcaption></figure> Meanwhile,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] the Dutch, fearing an outbreak of war on the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces</a>, signed the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a> with the United Kingdom, under which Kochi was ceded to the United Kingdom in exchange for the island of <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Bangka</a>, east of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. However, there are evidences of English habitation in the region even before the signing of the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-charitram-54">[54]</a> In 1866, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a> municipality was reinstalled. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>, which was a part of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar District</a> until 1956, was made a municipality on 1 November 1866, along with <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a>, according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)<a href="#cite_note-Ref1-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-google.co.in-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">British Indian Empire</a>. Its first <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Council">Municipal Council</a> seating contest was conducted in 1883. In 1896, H.H. <a href="/wiki/Rama_Varma_XV" title="Rama Varma XV">Rama Varma XV</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> of Cochin, initiated local administration by forming town councils in <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>. In 1907, the Governor of the Madras Presidency, Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lawley" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Lawley">Arthur Lawley</a> and his brother, <a href="/wiki/Beilby_Lawley,_3rd_Baron_Wenlock" title="Beilby Lawley, 3rd Baron Wenlock">Beilby Lawley, 3rd Baron Wenlock</a>, Governor of Madras, 1891 to 1896, left for an official tour of Cochin and <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>, which lasted from 25 January to 14 February. On 26 January, they were met by His Highness the Rajah of Cochin who gave a State Dinner in their honour at <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cochin1-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cochin0-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cochin2-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cochin3-62">[62]</a> By the 1870s, the capital of Kochi Kingdom was relocated again to Kochi Suburb of <a href="/wiki/Tripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripunithura">Tripunithura</a>. In 1910, Ernakulam became the administrative capital of Kochi Kingdom with establishment of Royal Secretariat and State Durbar. The offices of the Diwan and High court were soon moved into Ernakulam.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_Jewish_Synagogue_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kochi_Jewish_Synagogue_B.jpg/220px-Kochi_Jewish_Synagogue_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kochi_Jewish_Synagogue_B.jpg/330px-Kochi_Jewish_Synagogue_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kochi_Jewish_Synagogue_B.jpg/440px-Kochi_Jewish_Synagogue_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2630" data-file-height="2631" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Synagogue" title="Paradesi Synagogue">Paradesi Synagogue</a> is the oldest active synagogue in both India and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1925, Kochi legislative assembly was constituted due to public pressure on the state. Towards the early 20th century, trade at the port had increased substantially, and the need to develop the port was greatly felt. Harbour engineer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bristow_(engineer)" title="Robert Bristow (engineer)">Robert Bristow</a> was brought to Kochi in 1920 under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas,_1st_Marquess_of_Willingdon" title="Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon">Lord Willingdon</a>, then the Governor of <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a>. In a span of 21 years, he transformed Kochi as one of the safest harbours in the peninsula, where ships berthed alongside the newly reclaimed inner harbour equipped with a long array of steam cranes.<a href="#cite_note-ekm-safe-64">[64]</a> In 1947, when India gained independence from the <a href="/wiki/British_colonial_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="British colonial rule">British colonial rule</a>, Cochin was the first <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> to join India willingly.<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_of_Kochi-47">[47]</a> In 1949, <a href="/wiki/Travancore%E2%80%93Cochin" title="Travancore–Cochin">Travancore–Cochin</a> state came into being with the merger of Cochin and <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. The King of Travancore was the <a href="/wiki/Rajpramukh" title="Rajpramukh">Rajpramukh</a> of the Travancore–Cochin Union from 1949 to 1956. Travancore-Cochin, was in turn merged with the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar district">Malabar district</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_State" title="Madras State">Madras State</a>. Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>'s <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="States Reorganisation Act">States Reorganisation Act</a> (1956) inaugurated a new state—Kerala—incorporating Travancore-Cochin (excluding the four southern Taluks which were merged with <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>), Malabar District, and the <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">taluk</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_taluk" title="Kasaragod taluk">Kasargod</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Kanara" class="mw-redirect" title="South Kanara">South Kanara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lonelyplanet-65">[65]</a> On 9 July 1960 the <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a> council passed a resolution—which was forwarded to the government—requesting the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporation</a> by combining the existing municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>. The government appointed a commission to study the feasibility of the suggested merger. Based on its report, the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kerala Legislative Assembly">Kerala Legislative Assembly</a> approved the corporation's formation. On 1 November 1967, exactly eleven years since the establishment of the state of Kerala, the <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a> came into existence. The merger leading to the establishment of the corporation, was between the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities">municipalities</a> of Ernakulam, Mattancherry and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>, along with that of the <a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">Willingdon Island</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">panchayats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palluruthy" title="Palluruthy">Palluruthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vennala" title="Vennala">Vennala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyttila" title="Vyttila">Vyttila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a>), and the small islands of <a href="/wiki/Gundu_Island" title="Gundu Island">Gundu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramanthuruth" title="Ramanthuruth">Ramanthuruth</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Kochi and <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a> districts formed on 1 April 1958 carving areas of the erstwhile Travancore-Kochi-Malabar regions. A major portion of the district is from the Kochi kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Ernakulam_Portal-3">[3]</a> The city's economic growth gathered momentum after <a href="/wiki/Economic_reforms_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic reforms in India">economic reforms in India</a> introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">central government</a> in the early 1990s. Since 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector of industry">service sector</a> has energised the city's economy. The establishment of several industrial parks based on <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> and other port based infrastructure triggered a construction and realty boom in the city. Over the years, Kochi has witnessed rapid commercialisation, and has today grown into the commercial hub of Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-Trade_&_Industry_in_Kochi-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kochi" title="Geography of Kochi">Geography of Kochi</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThevaraDSW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ThevaraDSW.jpg/800px-ThevaraDSW.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ThevaraDSW.jpg/1200px-ThevaraDSW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/ThevaraDSW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A view of <a href="/wiki/Thevara" title="Thevara">Thevara</a> from Kundannur bridge</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Neighbourhoods_in_Kochi" title="Category:Neighbourhoods in Kochi">Category:Neighbourhoods in Kochi</a></div> Kochi is located on the southwest coast of India at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kochi&params=9_58_N_76_13_E_">9°58′N 76°13′E / 9.967°N 76.217°E / 9.967; 76.217</a>, with a corporation limit area of 94.88 km2 (36.63 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Over the years, the city has expanded considerably outside the corporation limit set in 1967, although the official city limits haven't been changed.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The city straddles the backwaters, encompassing the northern end of a peninsula, several islands and a portion of the mainland. To the west lies the <a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a>, and to the east is the urbanised region in the rest of the mainland area. Much of Kochi lies at sea level, with a coastline of 48 km.<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_of_Kochi-47">[47]</a> The eastern part of Kochi is mainly known as <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>, while the western part of it after the <a href="/wiki/Venduruthy_Bridge" title="Venduruthy Bridge">Venduruthy Bridge</a> is called as Western Kochi. The current metropolitan limits of Kochi include the mainland Ernakulam, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>, the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Edapally" class="mw-redirect" title="Edapally">Edapally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kakkanad" title="Kakkanad">Kakkanad</a> to the northeast; <a href="/wiki/Tripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripunithura">Tripunithura</a> to the southeast; and a group of islands closely scattered in the <a href="/wiki/Vembanad_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Vembanad Lake">Vembanad Lake</a>. The state government and the GCDA have plans to include <a href="/wiki/Mala,_Kerala" title="Mala, Kerala">Mala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> in Thrissur district. <a href="/wiki/Piravom" title="Piravom">Piravom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a> in Ernakulam district, <a href="/wiki/Thalayolaparambu" title="Thalayolaparambu">Thalayolaparambu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a> in Kottayam and <a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a> in Alappuzha district within Kochi metropolitan limits. The newly formed metropolis would be put under the charge of a new authority called Kochi Metropolitan Regional Development Authority.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> However, The Hindu reported that the state government is yet to take any concrete steps in this regard.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Soil consists of <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a>, teris, brown sands, etc. Hydromorphic <a href="/wiki/Soil_salinity" title="Soil salinity">saline soils</a> are also found in the areas surrounding the backwaters.<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_of_Kochi-47">[47]</a> Predominant rock types found here are <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archaean</a>-basic <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">dykes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charnockite" title="Charnockite">Charnockites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneisses</a>. An ecologically sensitive area, the <a href="/wiki/Mangalavanam_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary">Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary</a> is located in the central part of the city. It has a wide range of mangrove species and is a nesting ground for a vast variety of migratory birds.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Kochi's water needs are entirely dependent on ground water and the two rivers flowing through the district viz., <a href="/wiki/Periyar_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periyar (river)">Periyar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a>. Periyar serves the entire northern part of the city<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> whereas <a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a> river under the JnNurm project covers the western part.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Kochi features a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (Am). Kochi's proximity to the equator along with its coastal location results in little seasonal temperature variation, with moderate to high levels of humidity. Annual temperatures range between 23 and 31 °C (73 and 88 °F) with the record high being 36.5 °C (97.7 °F), and record low 16.3 °C (61.3 °F).<a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-76">[76]</a> From June to September, the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">south-west monsoon</a> brings in heavy rains as Kochi lies on the windward side of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>. From October to December, Kochi receives lighter (yet significant) rain from the northeast monsoon, as it lies on the leeward side. Average annual rainfall is 3,014.9 mm (118.70 in), with an annual average of 124 rainy days.<a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-77">[77]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kochi (<a href="/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport" title="Cochin International Airport">Cochin International Airport</a>) 1991–2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1 (98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1 (100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0 (100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8 (98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3 (95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.1 (100.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8 (94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.5 (90.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (0.07) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (0.57) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5 (1.56) </td> <td style="background: #4CFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.0 (4.57) </td> <td style="background: #00AE00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">225.4 (8.87) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">595.8 (23.46) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">571.0 (22.48) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">458.3 (18.04) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">358.8 (14.13) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">343.2 (13.51) </td> <td style="background: #00EF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.9 (6.93) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4 (2.10) </td> <td style="background: #008800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,953.5 (116.28) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.6 </td> <td style="background: #2222FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.9 </td> <td style="background: #3131FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.1 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">125.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kochi (<a href="/wiki/INS_Venduruthy" title="INS Venduruthy">Kochi Naval Base</a>) 1981–2010, extremes 1951–2012 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4 (97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 (96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5 (97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2 (95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5 (90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2 (95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.5 (97.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0 (91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6 (85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (0.96) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (1.07) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0 (1.77) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.1 (4.45) </td> <td style="background: #005600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">284.5 (11.20) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">700.3 (27.57) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">575.5 (22.66) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">378.8 (14.91) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">310.3 (12.22) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">366.6 (14.43) </td> <td style="background: #17FF17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.4 (5.92) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.0 (1.54) </td> <td style="background: #008000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,014.9 (118.70) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.8 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.0 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">124.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-76">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-79">[79]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center; width:230px; margin:0 0 0 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Kochi Municipal Corporation officials<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mayor </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anilkumar_Raju_Mandiraju" title="Anilkumar Raju Mandiraju">Anilkumar M</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Mayor">Deputy Mayor</a> </td> <td>Ansiya K A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Police_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Commissioner">Police Commissioner</a> </td> <td>M.P.Dinesh IPS </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernakulam_Town_Hall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ernakulam_Town_Hall.JPG/220px-Ernakulam_Town_Hall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ernakulam_Town_Hall.JPG/330px-Ernakulam_Town_Hall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ernakulam_Town_Hall.JPG/440px-Ernakulam_Town_Hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3863" data-file-height="1725" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a> Town Hall</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Court_of_Kerala_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/High_Court_of_Kerala_Building.jpg/220px-High_Court_of_Kerala_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/High_Court_of_Kerala_Building.jpg/330px-High_Court_of_Kerala_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/High_Court_of_Kerala_Building.jpg/440px-High_Court_of_Kerala_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="1643" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Kerala_High_Court" title="Kerala High Court">High Court of Kerala</a> located in the city is the highest court in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></div></div></div></div></div> The city is <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Kochi" title="Administration of Kochi">governed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Corporation_of_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporation of Kochi">Kochi Corporation</a>, headed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 74 <a href="/wiki/Ward_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (country subdivision)">wards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_Wards-81">[81]</a> from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. Earlier; <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Cochin">Fort Kochi</a>, Mattancherry and Ernakulam were the three Municipalities in Cochin area, which was later merged to form the Cochin Corporation. The corporation has its headquarters in Ernakulam, and zonal offices at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>, Mattancherry, <a href="/wiki/Palluruthy" title="Palluruthy">Palluruthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pachalam" title="Pachalam">Pachalam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The general administration of the city is handled by the Personnel Department and the Council Standing committee Section.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Other departments include that of <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">town planning</a>, health, engineering, revenue and accounts. The corporation is also responsible for <a href="/wiki/Waste_disposal" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste disposal">waste disposal</a> and sewage management. The city produces more than 600 tons of waste per day and a large portion of waste is decomposed at <a href="/wiki/Bhramapuram_landfill" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhramapuram landfill">Brahmapuram Solid Waste plant</a> into organic manure. The supply of <a href="/wiki/Potable_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Potable water">potable water</a>, sourced from the <a href="/wiki/Periyar_River" title="Periyar River">Periyar River</a> is handled by Kerala Water Authority with support of Water works department of Kochi Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-watersource-83">[83]</a> Electricity is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Electricity_Board" title="Kerala State Electricity Board">Kerala State Electricity Board</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">GCDA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goshree_Islands_Development_Authority" title="Goshree Islands Development Authority">GIDA</a> are the government agencies initiating and monitoring the development of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Cochin">Greater Cochin</a> area, mainly in developing infrastructure facilities for the city.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order">Law and order</h3></div> Kochi is the seat of <a href="/wiki/Kerala_High_Court" title="Kerala High Court">High Court of Kerala</a>, the highest judicial body in the state of Kerala. The <a href="/wiki/Kochi_City_Police" title="Kochi City Police">Kochi City Police</a> is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Police_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Commissioner">Police Commissioner</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> (IPS) officer. The city is divided into five zones and each zone under a circle officer. Apart from regular law & order, the city police comprises the Traffic Police, Narcotics Cell, Riot horse, Armed Reserve Camps, District Crime Records Bureau and a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Police_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Police station">Women's Police station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KCP-85">[85]</a> It operates 19 police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government of Kerala</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">anti-corruption</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a> also operates out of the city. <a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">CISF</a> maintains 3 squadrons for providing security to various central and state heavy industries, airport and seaport zones. Other major central agencies are <a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">NIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">DRI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Revenue_Service" title="Indian Revenue Service">Indian Customs</a> due to the presence of major port. According to <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" title="National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a> (NCRB), Kochi reported significant increase of 193.7 per cent IPC crimes in 2010 compared to 2009, and reported a crime rate of 1,897.8 compared to the 424.1 in whole Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> However, the city <a href="/wiki/Police_commissioner#India" title="Police commissioner">police commissioner</a> defended that in major crimes such as murders and kidnapping, the city registered a low crime rate even behind other cities in the state.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> Kochi is part of the <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The current elected Member of Parliament representing the constituency is <a href="/wiki/Hibi_Eden" title="Hibi Eden">Hibi Eden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The Ernakulam Lok Sabha constituency elects seven members to the state Legislative Assembly, one each from <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_(State_assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam (State assembly constituency)">Ernakulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamassery (State Assembly constituency)">Kalamassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kochi_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi (State Assembly constituency)">Kochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paravur_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravur (State Assembly constituency)">Paravur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrikkakara_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrikkakara (State Assembly constituency)">Thrikkakara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrippunithura (State Assembly constituency)">Thrippunithura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vypin_(State_Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vypin (State Assembly constituency)">Vypin</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kochi" title="Economy of Kochi">Economy of Kochi</a></div> Kochi is widely referred to as the financial<a href="#cite_note-Financial_Capital-17">[17]</a> and commercial<a href="#cite_note-Commercial_Capital-19">[19]</a> capital of Kerala. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bank" title="Federal Bank">Federal Bank</a>, the fourth-largest <a href="/wiki/Private-sector_banks_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Private-sector banks in India">Private-sector bank in India</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a> which is a suburb of Kochi. Being a major online trading centre in the country, Kochi has a newly opened <a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a> office.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority.JPG/220px-Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority.JPG/330px-Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority.JPG/440px-Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">Greater Cochin Development Authority</a> is the statutory body overseeing the development of the city</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cochin_Port_Trust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cochin_Port_Trust.jpg/220px-Cochin_Port_Trust.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cochin_Port_Trust.jpg/330px-Cochin_Port_Trust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cochin_Port_Trust.jpg/440px-Cochin_Port_Trust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Established in 1926, the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Port Trust">Cochin Port Trust</a> overlooks the activities of Cochin Port</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Veegaland_full_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Veegaland_full_view.JPG/220px-Veegaland_full_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Veegaland_full_view.JPG/330px-Veegaland_full_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Veegaland_full_view.JPG/440px-Veegaland_full_view.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Wonderla" title="Wonderla">Wonderla</a> amusement park, Kochi</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cityscape_view_from_Kakkanad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cityscape_view_from_Kakkanad.jpg/220px-Cityscape_view_from_Kakkanad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cityscape_view_from_Kakkanad.jpg/330px-Cityscape_view_from_Kakkanad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cityscape_view_from_Kakkanad.jpg/440px-Cityscape_view_from_Kakkanad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="648" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kakkanad" title="Kakkanad">Kakkanad</a> is a major industrial center and is home to the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Cochin Special Economic Zone">Cochin Special Economic Zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/InfoPark,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoPark, Kochi">Infopark</a> and <a href="/wiki/SmartCity,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartCity, Kochi">Smart City</a></div></div></div></div></div> Availability of electricity, fresh water, long coastline, backwaters, good banking facilities, presence of a major port, container trans-shipment terminal, harbour terminal and an international air terminal are some of the factors which accelerated the industrial growth in the city and its adjoining district.<a href="#cite_note-Trade_&_Industry_in_Kochi-66">[66]</a> In recent years the city has witnessed heavy investment, thus making it one of the fastest-growing <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Indian_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of Indian cities">second-tier metro cities</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-Kochi_shining-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Developing_metro_and_quaint_environs-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">Sales tax</a> income generated in the Kochi metropolitan area contributes heavily to state revenue.<a href="#cite_note-Commercial_Tax-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-State_Exchequer-94">[94]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_LNG_Terminal_DSW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kochi_LNG_Terminal_DSW.jpg/220px-Kochi_LNG_Terminal_DSW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kochi_LNG_Terminal_DSW.jpg/330px-Kochi_LNG_Terminal_DSW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kochi_LNG_Terminal_DSW.jpg/440px-Kochi_LNG_Terminal_DSW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1445" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kochi_LNG_Terminal" title="Kochi LNG Terminal">Kochi LNG Terminal</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_City-Vembanad_Rail_Bridge_at_Vallarpadam,_is_the_longest_rail_bridge_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kochi_City-Vembanad_Rail_Bridge_at_Vallarpadam%2C_is_the_longest_rail_bridge_in_India.jpg/220px-Kochi_City-Vembanad_Rail_Bridge_at_Vallarpadam%2C_is_the_longest_rail_bridge_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kochi_City-Vembanad_Rail_Bridge_at_Vallarpadam%2C_is_the_longest_rail_bridge_in_India.jpg/330px-Kochi_City-Vembanad_Rail_Bridge_at_Vallarpadam%2C_is_the_longest_rail_bridge_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kochi_City-Vembanad_Rail_Bridge_at_Vallarpadam%2C_is_the_longest_rail_bridge_in_India.jpg/440px-Kochi_City-Vembanad_Rail_Bridge_at_Vallarpadam%2C_is_the_longest_rail_bridge_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1311" data-file-height="706" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vembanad_Rail_Bridge" title="Vembanad Rail Bridge">Vembanad Rail Bridge</a> is the longest railway bridge in India</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Container_terminal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Container_terminal.JPG/220px-Container_terminal.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Container_terminal.JPG/330px-Container_terminal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Container_terminal.JPG/440px-Container_terminal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="498" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/International_Container_Transshipment_Terminal,_Kochi" title="International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi">Vallarpadam Terminal</a> is the first <a href="/wiki/Container_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Container terminal">transshipment terminal</a> in India</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_International_Marina,_Bolgatty_Island,_Kerala,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg/220px-Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg/330px-Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg/440px-Kochi_International_Marina%2C_Bolgatty_Island%2C_Kerala%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Marina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi Marina">Kochi International Marina</a> is the only international marina in India</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnival_Info_Park_Phase_-_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnival_Info_Park_Phase_-_4.jpg/220px-Carnival_Info_Park_Phase_-_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnival_Info_Park_Phase_-_4.jpg/330px-Carnival_Info_Park_Phase_-_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnival_Info_Park_Phase_-_4.jpg/440px-Carnival_Info_Park_Phase_-_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/InfoPark,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoPark, Kochi">InfoPark, Kochi</a></div></div></div></div></div> The district contributes 15.1% of the state GDP.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Construction and manufacturing industries combined contributes 37% of the district's total GDP, and trade, tourism and hospitality industries together provides another 20%. Major business sectors include construction, manufacturing, <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>, transportation/shipping, seafood and spices exports, chemical industries, information technology (IT), tourism, <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">health services</a>, and banking. Kochi is recognised as one of the seventeen major industrial cities of India by the World Bank Group. However, in the 2009 rankings of ease to start and operate a business, among the 17 Indian cities selected, Kochi was rated as the second most difficult city to start business and was ranked 16th, above Kolkata.<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation-96">[96]</a> As in most of Kerala, remittances from <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">non-resident Indians</a> (NRI)s is a major source of income.<a href="#cite_note-NRI_investments-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eloor" title="Eloor">Eloor</a>, situated 13 kilometres (8.1 miles) north of the city-centre, is the largest industrial belt in Kerala, with more than 250 factories manufacturing a range of products including chemical and <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemical</a> products, <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth element">rare earth elements</a>, rubber processing chemicals, <a href="/wiki/Fertiliser" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertiliser">fertilisers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> compounds, and leather products.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fertilisers_and_Chemicals_Travancore_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited">Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited</a> (FACT), one of the oldest fertilizers and chemical industry in Kerala is located in Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-History_:_Timelines_of_FACT-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Refineries" title="Kochi Refineries">Kochi Refineries</a> of (BPCL) at <a href="/wiki/Ambalamugal" title="Ambalamugal">Ambalamugal</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">refinery</a> in India. <a href="/wiki/Petronet_LNG" title="Petronet LNG">Petronet India</a> has now almost completed <a href="/wiki/Kochi_LNG_Terminal" title="Kochi LNG Terminal">Kochi LNG Terminal</a>, for importing and storing natural gas, for energy and fueling needs.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Central Government establishments like the <a href="/wiki/Coconut_Development_Board" title="Coconut Development Board">Coconut Development Board</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coir_Board_of_India" title="Coir Board of India">Coir Board</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Products_Export_Development_Authority" title="Marine Products Export Development Authority">Marine Products Export Development Authority</a> (MPEDA) have head offices located in the city. <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a> which is situated around 16.5 km from the City Center is one of the major Industrial areas. Leading factories like <a href="/wiki/Fertilisers_and_Chemicals_Travancore" title="Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore">FACT</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMT_Limited" title="HMT Limited">HMT</a> and IT/Biotechnology park like <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Industrial_Infrastructure_Development_Corporation" title="Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation">KINFRA Hi-Tech Park</a> are located here. The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Cochin University of Science and Technology">Cochin University of Science and Technology</a> is located at Kalamassery. <a href="/wiki/Irumpanam" title="Irumpanam">Irimpanam</a> is another major industrial area in Kochi. The <a href="/wiki/Seaport-Airport_Road" title="Seaport-Airport Road">Seaport-Airport Road</a> (SPAP Road) passes through this place and oil giants like <a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a> have plants here.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Like elsewhere in Kerala, tourism is one of the major contributors of the local economy. <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam district</a>, in which Kochi is situated, ranks first in the total number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala,<a href="#cite_note-Tourism_Statistics-34">[34]</a> and thus contributes to the economy of the city. The tourist enclave at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a> and presence of several historical monuments, museums etc. as well as natural attractions like the Vembanad lake and the backwaters attract large number of tourists to the city. Presence of several leading hospitality brands have been a major source of employment for locals. The Kochi Port is one of the leading ports where international cruisers call on regularly.<a href="#cite_note-Cochin_Port_Cruises-104">[104]</a> The city has the first marina facility<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> in the country, <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Marina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi Marina">Kochi Marina</a> which attracts large number of yacht-totters. Real Estate industry is also one industry which is contributing a lot to the economy of Kochi. Many players have entered the market and have developed residential properties. Kochi is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Southern Naval Command</a>, the primary training centre of the Indian Navy.<a href="#cite_note-nav-106">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Shipyard" title="Cochin Shipyard">Cochin Shipyard</a>, contributes to the economy of the city.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-CSL-108">[108]</a> The fishing harbour at <a href="/wiki/Thoppumpady" title="Thoppumpady">Thoppumpady</a> is a minor <a href="/wiki/Fishing_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing port">fishing port</a> in the state and supplies fish to local and export markets. To further tap the potential of the all-season harbour at Kochi, an international cruise terminal was also constructed.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Exports and allied activities are also important contributors to the city's economy. The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Port Trust">Cochin Port</a> currently handles export and import of container cargo at its terminal at <a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">Willingdon Island</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Container_Transshipment_Terminal,_Kochi" title="International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi">International Container Transshipment Terminal</a> operating out of <a href="/wiki/Vallarpadam" title="Vallarpadam">Vallarpadam</a>, is India's largest transshipment terminal.<a href="#cite_note-Vallarpadam-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vallarpadam1-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICTT_Vallarpadam-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Logistic_Hub-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Cochin">Cochin Port Trust</a> also planning to build an Outer Harbour near <a href="/wiki/Puthuvype" title="Puthuvype">Puthuvype</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Kochi's historical reliance on trade continues into modern times, as the city is a major exporter of spices and is home to the <a href="/wiki/International_Pepper_Exchange" title="International Pepper Exchange">International Pepper Exchange</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a> is globally traded. The <a href="/wiki/Spices_Board_of_India" title="Spices Board of India">Spices Board of India</a> and World Spice Organisation are headquartered in Kochi. The <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_technology_enabled_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Information technology enabled services">ITES</a> related industries are growing up in Kochi. Availability of cheap <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> through <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">undersea cables</a> and lower operational costs compared to other major cities in India, has been to its advantage. Various technology and industrial campuses including the government promoted <a href="/wiki/InfoPark,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoPark, Kochi">InfoPark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Cochin Special Economic Zone">Cochin Special Economic Zone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Industrial_Infrastructure_Development_Corporation" title="Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation">KINFRA Export Promotion Industrial Park</a> operate in the outskirts of the city. Several new industrial campuses are under construction in the suburbs of the city. <a href="/wiki/SmartCity,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartCity, Kochi">SmartCity</a> at Kakkanad is one of the prominent projects.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyber_City,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber City, Kochi">Cyber City</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a> is another integrated IT township SEZ being planned in the private sector.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Kochi has an established electronics hardware industry with companies such as V-Guard Industries, OEN India Limited, FCI OEN Connectors and SFO Technologies. The Government of Kerala has announced a project to build an industrial park named Electronic City<a href="#cite_note-Electronics_City-117">[117]</a> spanning an area of 340 acres (140 ha), to cater to the electronic hardware industries. The private operator NeST<a href="#cite_note-NeST_Hitech_Park-118">[118]</a> is building a <a href="/wiki/Electronics_City,_Kochi" title="Electronics City, Kochi">Special Economic Zone</a> specifically for electronics hardware spanning an area of 30 acres (12 ha). The Cochin International Airport is in the process of setting up an <a href="/wiki/Aerotropolis" title="Aerotropolis">aerotropolis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nedumbassery" title="Nedumbassery">Nedumbassery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a> is a major town in the Kochi metropolitan area. Spread over several panchayats like Rayamangalam, Vazhakulam, Asamannur, Vengola, Kottapadi, Koovappadi and many other places in the Perumbavoor municipality, the town is famous for Asia's Largest plywood industries. The plywood sector employs about two lakh people directly and about three and a half lakh indirectly in a sector with over 1,400 units.This industry includes units that manufacture not only plywood but also veneer and sawn or bandsaw. All the units operate within a radius of 15 km. The industry has started growing here over the past two decades. Initially, there were only 10 companies. But later, as more people entered the sector and set up more units, the business picked up. The industry witnessed a major change when rubber wood became available in abundance due to fluctuations in rubber prices. The plywood is also imported from foreign countries like Vietnam, Loas and China. some more Eucalyptus timber is also imported from countries like Brazil. There is no market for plywood in Kerala. Places like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and parts of North India are the biggest markets for plywood. This industry is now the backbone of Perumbavoor's economic potential. Another unique feature of the industry is that 90 percent of the workers in the units are migrants. The crisis that hit the construction industry during the period from 2003 to 2004 led to a large influx of migrant workers into the plywood industry. <a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kochi" title="Transport in Kochi">Transport in Kochi</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1167px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Vyttila Mobility Hub"><img alt="A panoramic view of Vyttila Mobility Hub" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg/1159px-Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg" decoding="async" width="1159" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg/1739px-Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg/2318px-Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="893" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vyttila_Mobility_Hub_BNC.jpg" title="File:Vyttila Mobility Hub BNC.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Vyttila_Mobility_Hub" title="Vyttila Mobility Hub">Vyttila Mobility Hub</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> The air gateway to Kochi is the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport" title="Cochin International Airport">Cochin International Airport</a> (CIAL) located at <a href="/wiki/Nedumbassery" title="Nedumbassery">Nedumbassery</a>, which is about 28 km (17 mi) north of Kochi city, and handles both domestic and international flights.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> It is the first international airport in India to be built without Central Government funds<a href="#cite_note-Cochin_International_Airport-122">[122]</a> and is the world's first fully solar energy powered airport. The Cochin airport provides direct connectivity to popular international destinations in the Middle East, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and to most major Indian cities apart from tourist destinations like <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>. Kochi is also the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Air_India_Express" title="Air India Express">Air India Express</a> service. With a terminal area of 840,000 sq ft (78,000 m2), and a passenger capacity of 2200 (international and domestic), it is the largest and busiest airport in the state.<a href="#cite_note-CIAL_Info-123">[123]</a> It is also the fourth busiest airport in India in terms of international passenger traffic, and seventh busiest overall.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg/220px-Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg/330px-Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg/440px-Cochin_International_Airport_Limited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1012" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport" title="Cochin International Airport">Cochin International Airport</a> is one of the busiest airports in the country and the first fully solar powered airport in the world</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_Decker_Bus_Kochi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Double_Decker_Bus_Kochi.JPG/220px-Double_Decker_Bus_Kochi.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Double_Decker_Bus_Kochi.JPG/330px-Double_Decker_Bus_Kochi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Double_Decker_Bus_Kochi.JPG/440px-Double_Decker_Bus_Kochi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">KSRTC</a> <a href="/wiki/Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">Double-decker bus</a> on service in the city</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom,_Aug_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom%2C_Aug_2017.jpg/220px-Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom%2C_Aug_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom%2C_Aug_2017.jpg/330px-Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom%2C_Aug_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom%2C_Aug_2017.jpg/440px-Kochi_Metro_train_at_Palarivattom%2C_Aug_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4640" data-file-height="2610" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a> is the fastest completed metro project in India</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernakulam_Boat_Jetty_Entrance.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ernakulam_Boat_Jetty_Entrance.JPG/220px-Ernakulam_Boat_Jetty_Entrance.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ernakulam_Boat_Jetty_Entrance.JPG/330px-Ernakulam_Boat_Jetty_Entrance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ernakulam_Boat_Jetty_Entrance.JPG/440px-Ernakulam_Boat_Jetty_Entrance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ernakulam Boat Jetty is one of the main boat jetties in the city</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernakulam_ferry_service.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ernakulam_ferry_service.jpg/220px-Ernakulam_ferry_service.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ernakulam_ferry_service.jpg/330px-Ernakulam_ferry_service.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ernakulam_ferry_service.jpg/440px-Ernakulam_ferry_service.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ferry Service boat at Kochi backwaters</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:KWM_Boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/KWM_Boat.jpg/220px-KWM_Boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/KWM_Boat.jpg/330px-KWM_Boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/KWM_Boat.jpg/440px-KWM_Boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2762" data-file-height="1415" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Water_Metro" title="Kochi Water Metro">Kochi Water Metro</a> operates a ferry system for the city</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3></div> Kochi is well connected to neighbouring cities and states via several highways. It is a node in the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_and_East%E2%80%93West_Corridor" title="North–South and East–West Corridor">North-South Corridor</a> of the National Highway system.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The road infrastructure in Kochi has not been able to meet the growing traffic demand and hence traffic congestion is a major problem in the city.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Kochi is served by <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">National Highway 66</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_544_(India)" title="National Highway 544 (India)">National Highway 544</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_966A_(India)" title="National Highway 966A (India)">National Highway 966A</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_966B_(India)" title="National Highway 966B (India)">National Highway 966B</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Golden_Quadrilateral-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-NSEW_Chainage-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Four-laned_NH47C-131">[131]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Kerala" title="List of state highways in Kerala">state highways</a> also connect Kochi with other parts of Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_15_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 15 (Kerala)">SH 15, Ettumanoor-Ernakulam Road</a>, connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palai" class="mw-redirect" title="Palai">Pala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changanacherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Changanacherry">Changanacherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a> etc. <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_41_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 41 (Kerala)">SH 41, Palarivattom-Thekkady Road</a>, provides a corridor to the eastern parts of the district. <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_63_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 63 (Kerala)">SH 63, Vypeen Pallipuram Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_66_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 66 (Kerala)">SH 66, Alappuzha – Thoppumpady road</a> are coastal roads that serve the narrow sliver of land between the backwaters and the sea. The main arterial roads of the city are the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Road_(Kochi)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Road (Kochi)">Mahatma Gandhi Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/S.A_Road" title="S.A Road">Sahodaran Ayyappan Road</a> in Ernakulam, constructed in 1925 & 1962 respectively which runs parallel & perpendicular to the coast and having the proposed Metro Rail connectivity. The <a href="/wiki/Seaport-Airport_Road" title="Seaport-Airport Road">Seaport-Airport Road</a> is another major road and connects the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Port" title="Cochin Port">Cochin Seaport</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport" title="Cochin International Airport">Cochin International Airport</a>. The Infopark Expressway in <a href="/wiki/Kakkanad" title="Kakkanad">Kakkanad</a> is connected to the Seaport-Airport Road and stretches all the way to <a href="/wiki/Infopark,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Infopark, Kochi">Infopark</a>. Other major roads include <a href="/wiki/Chittoor_Road" title="Chittoor Road">Chittoor Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banerji_Road" title="Banerji Road">Banerji Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanmugham_Road" title="Shanmugham Road">Shanmugham Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Bypass" title="Kochi Bypass">Kochi Bypass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaloor-Kadavanthra_Road" title="Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road">Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Avenue, Kochi">Park Avenue</a> etc. A new ring road is proposed for Kochi city by the state government for which a project study is being currently undertaken by NATPAC.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Road_2">Road</h4></div> The primary form of public transport within the city is largely dependent on privately owned bus networks. The state-run also operates its services in the city through the Thirukochi service. The major bus terminals in the city are Ernakulam Town, Ernakulam Jetty and the private bus terminal at Kaloor. An integrated transit terminal namely The <a href="/wiki/Vyttila_Mobility_Hub,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyttila Mobility Hub, Kochi">Mobility Hub</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vytilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Vytilla">Vytilla</a> is under second phase of construction. The terminal acts as a hub for long-distance bus services away from the city centre, and also a converging point for different modes of public transport, namely bus, metro and ferry.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Kochi is one of the few cities to be granted the new-generation air-conditioned low-floor and non-air-conditioned semi-low-floor buses under the <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_National_Urban_Renewal_Mission" title="Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission">JNNURM</a> city transport development project. KURTC and private buses operate frequent schedules to neighbouring areas of <a href="/wiki/Nedumbassery" title="Nedumbassery">Nedumbassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothamangalam">Kothamangalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poochakkal" title="Poochakkal">Poochakkal</a>. Taxis and <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">auto rickshaws</a> (called autos) are available for hire throughout the day. Development of road infrastructure not keeping pace with the increase in traffic is a major problem faced by Kochi, like most other parts of Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-Traffic-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4></div> The city has four major railway stations – <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam Junction">Ernakulam Junction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam Town">Ernakulam Town</a> (locally known as the South and North railway stations respectively), <a href="/wiki/Aluva_railway_station" title="Aluva railway station">Aluva</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tripunithura_railway_station" title="Tripunithura railway station">Tripunithura</a> followed by smaller stations, <a href="/wiki/Edappally_railway_station" title="Edappally railway station">Edapally</a> and Kalamassery. There is also the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Harbour_Terminus_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Harbour Terminus railway station">Cochin Harbour Terminus</a> providing rail connectivity to the southern segment of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Kochi">Port of Kochi</a>. The terminus is currently under renovation for the suburban rail networks in the city. The main rail transport system in Kochi is operated by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway Zone (India)">Southern Railway Zone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>, and comes under <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Railway_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvananthapuram Railway division">Thiruvananthapuram Railway division</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam Junction">South</a> station is one of the busiest railway stations in South India, with more than 128 scheduled train services daily.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam Town">North</a> station situated on the northern side of the city, caters mostly to long-distance services that bypass the <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam Junction">South</a> station, and also is an additional halt station for many trains. There is also a historic station named as <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Terminus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernakulam Terminus">Ernakulam Terminus</a>(station code:ERG) situated behind the <a href="/wiki/High_court_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="High court of Kerala">High Court</a>. Great personalities like <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and The <a href="/wiki/British_Viceroy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Viceroy">British Viceroy</a> have visited Cochin through this old railway station. Ernakulam Terminus was the first station to serve the city but had to be abandoned in the early 1960s. Now this station operates as a goods depot of Southern Railway.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metro">Metro</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">metro rapid transit system</a> serving the city of Kochi, intended to considerably ease traffic congestion in the city and its surrounding metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> It is being set up at an overall estimated cost of ₹5,146 crore (US$590 million). The Phase-1 of the metro system will have 22 stations connecting the suburban towns of <a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a> and Pettah while passing through downtown.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The first half of the Phase-1 of <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a> was inaugurated on 17 June 2017 by Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>. Currently <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a> is operational from <a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a> till Maharaja's College along the Kalamassery – Edappally – Kaloor – MG Road stretch, covering a total of 18.4 km with 16 operational metro stations.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water">Water</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Water_Metro" title="Kochi Water Metro">Kochi Water Metro</a></div> Kochi ranks among India's major seaports, partly due to being one of the safest harbours in the Indian Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-Trade_Logistics_–_India_Seaports-141">[141]</a> The port, administered by a statutory autonomous body known as the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Port Trust">Cochin Port Trust</a>, offers facilities for <a href="/wiki/Bunker_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunker oil">bunkering</a>, handling cargo and passenger ships and storage accommodation. The port is a complex of three islands, <a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">one</a> of which is man-made.<a href="#cite_note-Madan-142">[142]</a> It also operates passenger ships to <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>. Boat services are operated by <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Shipping_and_Inland_Navigation_Corporation" title="Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation">Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Water_Transport_Department" title="Kerala State Water Transport Department">State Water Transport Department</a> and private firms from various <a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">boat jetties</a> in the city. The junkar ferry for the transshipment of vehicles and passengers between the islands are operated between Ernakulam and <a href="/wiki/Vypin" title="Vypin">Vypin</a>, and between Vypin and Fort Kochi. However, with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Goshree_bridges" title="Goshree bridges">Goshree bridges</a> (which links Kochi's islands), ferry transport has become less essential. The main boat jetties are Ernakulam Main Boat Jetty near Park Avenue, High Court Jetty in Banerjee Road, Embarkation Jetty in Willingdon Island and Fort Kochi Jetty.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In April 2023, Kochi became India's first city to have a water metro project. The <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Water_Metro" title="Kochi Water Metro">Kochi Water Metro</a> is the first water metro project in India and the first integrated water transport system of this size in Asia connects 10 islands of Kochi through a network of 15 routes that span 76 km and 38 jetties. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Kochi City (2011)</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percentage</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:43.78%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">43.78%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:38.12%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">38.12%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:17.56%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">17.56%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.54%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.54%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Kerala" title="Hinduism in Kerala">Hinduism in Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochin Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kerala" title="Islam in Kerala">Islam in Kerala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></div> Kochi has the highest population density in Kerala with 7139 people per km2. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kochi_Santa_Cruz_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kochi_Santa_Cruz_A.jpg/220px-Kochi_Santa_Cruz_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kochi_Santa_Cruz_A.jpg/330px-Kochi_Santa_Cruz_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kochi_Santa_Cruz_A.jpg/440px-Kochi_Santa_Cruz_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="2484" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Basilica">Santa Cruz Basilica</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a> is one of the eight Basilicas in India</figcaption></figure>As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kochi&action=edit">[update]</a>, Kochi had a metropolitan area population of 2,117,990. The female-to-male ratio is 1,028:1,000, significantly higher than the all-India average of 933:1,000. Kochi's literacy rate is 97.5%. The female literacy rate lags that of males by 1.1%, among the lowest such gaps in India. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerala_jain_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kerala_jain_temple.jpg/220px-Kerala_jain_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kerala_jain_temple.jpg/330px-Kerala_jain_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kerala_jain_temple.jpg/440px-Kerala_jain_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Dharmanath Jain Temple at <a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></figcaption></figure> Kochi's major religions are <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Kerala" title="Jainism in Kerala">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, with smaller followings, are also practised in Kochi. Though 44% practice Hinduism, Christianity's large following (38%) makes Kochi a city with one of the largest Christian populations in India.<a href="#cite_note-Census_GIS_Household-144">[144]</a> The majority of the city's residents are <a href="/wiki/Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayali">Malayalis</a>. However, there are significant ethnic minority communities including <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujaratis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujaratis">Gujaratis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkanis</a><a href="#cite_note-Jain_Temple_turns_100,_Kerala-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kochi_Sikh_Community-146">[146]</a> Malayalam is the main language of communication and medium of instruction for primary education, although a number of schools do offer English medium education. The higher education is invariably in English medium, and it is the preferred language in business circles. <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> are widely understood—albeit rarely spoken. Like other fast-growing cities in the developing world, Kochi suffers from major <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a> problems. The city was ranked tenth among Indian cities in terms of house-cost and availability, urban household crowding and household incomes.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The government has plans to make the city slum-free by 2016.<a href="#cite_note-City_Development_Plan_–_Kochi-148">[148]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/NCRB" class="mw-redirect" title="NCRB">National Crime Records Bureau</a>, the city holds the fourth position in the number of recorded crimes in India.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crime_Statistics-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In 2009, the city recorded an average crime rate of 646.3 against the national average of 181.4.<a href="#cite_note-Crime_Statistics-150">[150]</a> But Kochi City Police Commissioner later clarified that this anomaly was due to higher reporting rates of minor crimes in Kochi than in other Indian cities.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-87">[87]</a> The State Crime Records Bureau (SCRB) report gives further credence to this as it finds that Kochi has the fewest crime against women in the state of Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-SCRB-152">[152]</a> According to the 2011 CII/Institute of Competitiveness report on Liveability,<a href="#cite_note-Liveability-153">[153]</a> Kochi stands first in the state, and sixth in the country. Kochi is ranked seventh in the list of the top ten most affluent cities in India by 2009 study by Nielsen Company.<a href="#cite_note-Affluent_Cities-154">[154]</a> Kochi was ranked the fourth cleanest city in India in the <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swachh Bharat Abhiyan">Swachch Bharat</a> rankings for cities. It was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">smart city</a> under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> flagship <a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">Smart Cities Mission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sobha_Hi-tech_city" title="Sobha Hi-tech city">Sobha Hi-tech city</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kochi" title="Culture of Kochi">Culture of Kochi</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Kerala">Cuisine of Kerala</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tourist_attractions_in_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tourist attractions in Kochi">List of Tourist attractions in Kochi</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1111px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marine Drive, Kochi"><img alt="Marine Drive, Kochi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg/1103px-Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg" decoding="async" width="1103" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg/1655px-Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg/2206px-Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="834" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Drive_Kochi_Night_View_DSW.jpg" title="File:Marine Drive Kochi Night View DSW.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive, Kochi</a></div></div></div></div> As a result of successive waves of migration over the course of several centuries, the population of the city is a mix of people from all parts of Kerala and most of India. The pan-Indian nature is highlighted by the substantial presence of various ethnic communities from different parts of the country.<a href="#cite_note-Kochi's_'mini-India'_NDTV-156">[156]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Musical-walkway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Musical-walkway.jpg/200px-Musical-walkway.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Musical-walkway.jpg/300px-Musical-walkway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Musical-walkway.jpg/400px-Musical-walkway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Pedestrians can stroll along the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive</a>, a waterfront promenade of Kochi</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Nethaji_Nagar,_Edappally,_Ernakulam,_Kerala_682024,_India_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nethaji_Nagar%2C_Edappally%2C_Ernakulam%2C_Kerala_682024%2C_India_-_panoramio.jpg/200px-Nethaji_Nagar%2C_Edappally%2C_Ernakulam%2C_Kerala_682024%2C_India_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nethaji_Nagar%2C_Edappally%2C_Ernakulam%2C_Kerala_682024%2C_India_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-Nethaji_Nagar%2C_Edappally%2C_Ernakulam%2C_Kerala_682024%2C_India_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nethaji_Nagar%2C_Edappally%2C_Ernakulam%2C_Kerala_682024%2C_India_-_panoramio.jpg/400px-Nethaji_Nagar%2C_Edappally%2C_Ernakulam%2C_Kerala_682024%2C_India_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Lulu_International_Shopping_Mall,_Kochi" title="Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi">LuLu Mall</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_India" title="List of shopping malls in India">largest shopping malls</a> in India</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kettuvallam_Bridge_DSW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kettuvallam_Bridge_DSW.jpg/200px-Kettuvallam_Bridge_DSW.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kettuvallam_Bridge_DSW.jpg/300px-Kettuvallam_Bridge_DSW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kettuvallam_Bridge_DSW.jpg/400px-Kettuvallam_Bridge_DSW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1420" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Kettuvallom Bridge at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive</a></div></div></div></div></div> Kochi has a diverse, multicultural, and secular community consisting of <a href="/wiki/Malayalis" title="Malayalis">Malayalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkanis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Konkani_Library,_Kochi-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Konkanis_in_Kochi-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujaratis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Jain_Temple_turns_100,_Kerala-145">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bengali_Community,_Kochi-159">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Kerala" title="Ethnic groups in Kerala">Marathis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Kochi_Sikh_Community-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sikh_Community_in_Kochi-161">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamilians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannadigas" title="Kannadigas">Kannadigas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihari people">Biharis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo Indians</a> and a few families of Jews among other denominations. The city once had a large Jewish community, known as the Malabar Yehuden—and now increasingly as <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochin Jews</a>—who figured prominently in Kochi's business and economic strata<a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_centre_for_Public_Affairs-162">[162]</a> and owned <a href="/wiki/List_of_Synagogues_in_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Synagogues in Kerala">several Synagogues</a> across Kochi and nearby areas such as <a href="/wiki/Chendamangalam" title="Chendamangalam">Chendamangalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mala,_Kerala" title="Mala, Kerala">Mala</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly_Funeral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly_Funeral.jpg/220px-Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly_Funeral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly_Funeral.jpg/330px-Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly_Funeral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly_Funeral.jpg/440px-Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly_Funeral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2053" /></a><figcaption>Funeral of Venerable <a href="/wiki/Varghese_Payyappilly" title="Varghese Payyappilly">Varghese Payyappilly</a> in Thevara on 6 October 1929</figcaption></figure> Kochi was one among the seven diocese of Syrian Orthodox (<a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a>) in Kerala formed in 1876. The seat of the Bishop is at St George Cathedral, Karingachira. Also at Mary's Cathedral Elamkulam, seat of bishop of Simhasana churches of Jacobites is in the city. The seat of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Cathedral of Kerala's first Archdiocese <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Verapoly" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Verapoly">Archdiocese of Verapoly</a> and the first diocese <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Cochin">Diocese of Cochin</a> are located in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Church" title="Syro-Malabar Church">Syro-Malabar Church</a>, one of the 22 <a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> and a part of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christian</a> community, has its seat at Ernakulam. Prominent places of Christian worship include the <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Cathedral_Basilica,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam">St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam</a>, St. Francis Assisi Roman Catholic Cathedral, Ernakulam, <a href="/wiki/Vallarpadam_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallarpadam Church">Basilica of Our Lady of Ransom, Vallarpadam-Ernakulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Basilica">Santa Cruz Basilica</a> Roman Catholic Cathedral, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Antony%27s_Shrine,_Kaloor" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Antony's Shrine, Kaloor">St. Antony's Shrine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kaloor" title="Kaloor">Kaloor</a>, St. George Forane Church, <a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a> and appropriate to its multi-ethnic composition, Kochi celebrates traditional Kerala festivals like <a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a> along with <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North Indian</a> Hindu festivals like <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> with great fervour. Christian and Islamic festivals like <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milad-e-sherif" class="mw-redirect" title="Milad-e-sherif">Milad-e-sherif</a> are also celebrated. A merry making fest called the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Carnival" title="Cochin Carnival">Cochin Carnival</a> is celebrated at Fort Kochi during the last ten days of December.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The residents of Kochi are known as Kochiites; they are an important part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Indian_culture" title="South Indian culture">South Indian culture</a>. However, the city's culture is rapidly evolving with Kochiites generally becoming more cosmopolitan in their outlook.<a href="#cite_note-Developing_metro_and_quaint_environs-92">[92]</a> The people are also increasingly fashion-conscious, often deviating from the <a href="/wiki/South_Indian_culture#Traditional_clothing" title="South Indian culture">traditional Kerala wear</a> to western clothing. Kochiites generally partake of <a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Keralite cuisine</a>, which is generally characterised by an abundance of <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/South_Indian_culture#Cuisine" title="South Indian culture">South Indian</a> cuisines, as well as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">North Indian</a> cuisines are popular. Fast food culture is also very prominent.<a href="#cite_note-Fast_food_overtakes_the_spice_route-164">[164]</a> Being a tourist hotspot, Fort Kochi have a number of restaurants that offer international cuisine, like Italian, French, Mexican etc. Being close to the ocean and the backwaters, Kochi has an abundance of seafood, which reflects in the cuisine. Cochin is also called the official food capital of Kerala with largest number of restaurants and cafeterias in Kerala that serves every kind of delicious cuisine. A service known as You Buy, We Cook is available at the waterfront of Fort Kochi, where the fresh seafood purchased from the nets is cooked as per the customers needs.<a href="#cite_note-South_India_Handbook-165">[165]</a> Arabian food joints that serve <a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a> and roasted chicken are a new addition to the fast food scene in the city. Kochi also has a number of shopping malls including <a href="/wiki/Oberon_Mall" title="Oberon Mall">Oberon Mall</a>, Gold Souk Grande, Bay Pride Mall, Centre Square Mall, <a href="/wiki/Abad_Nucleus_Mall" title="Abad Nucleus Mall">Abad Nucleus Mall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lulu_International_Shopping_Mall,_Kochi" title="Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi">LuLu Mall</a>, which is one of the largest shopping malls in India in terms of total leasable area of 17 acres (7 ha).<a href="#cite_note-nielargest-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-thlargest-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-dclargest-168">[168]</a> Various shopping malls are expected to open in the city in the near future including <a href="/wiki/Forum_Thomsun_Mall" title="Forum Thomsun Mall">Forum Thomsun Mall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Kochi is the official food capital of Kerala because of the highest number of restaurants and the varieties of foods available. Kochi serves every type of food available in Kerala. Its very famous for varieties of non-vegetarian food.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Kochi also has the most <a href="/wiki/Five_star_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Five star hotel">five star hotels</a> in the state. These include international brands like <a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza" title="Crowne Plaza">Crowne Plaza</a>,<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a>,<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Hyatt">Grand Hyatt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheraton_Hotels_and_Resorts" title="Sheraton Hotels and Resorts">Sheraton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Le_M%C3%A9ridien" title="Le Méridien">Le Méridien</a>,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Radisson_Blu" title="Radisson Blu">Radisson Blu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn" title="Holiday Inn">Holiday Inn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramada" title="Ramada">Ramada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibis_(hotel)" title="Ibis (hotel)">Ibis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taj_Hotels_Resorts_and_Palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces">Taj Malabar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> The Gateway<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> etc. Kochi was home to some of the most influential figures in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_literature" title="Malayalam literature">Malayalam literature</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Changampuzha_Krishna_Pillai" title="Changampuzha Krishna Pillai">Changampuzha Krishna Pillai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kesari_Balakrishna_Pillai" title="Kesari Balakrishna Pillai">Kesari Balakrishna Pillai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/G._Sankara_Kurup" title="G. Sankara Kurup">G. Sankara Kurup</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vyloppilli_Sreedhara_Menon" title="Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon">Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Prominent social reformers such as <a href="/wiki/Sahodaran_Ayyappan" title="Sahodaran Ayyappan">Sahodaran Ayyappan</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandit_Karuppan" title="Pandit Karuppan">Pandit Karuppan</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> also are from Kochi. The <a href="/wiki/Kochi_International_Book_Festival" title="Kochi International Book Festival">Kochi International Book Festival</a> is an annual event. The Maharajas of Kochi (then Cochin) were scholars who knew the epics and encouraged the arts. The paintings at the <a href="/wiki/Hill_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill Palace">Hill Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Palace">Dutch Palace</a> are testimony to their love for arts. Kochiites are known for their enthusiasm in sports, especially <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kerala_sports-188">[188]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi">Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium</a> in Kochi is one of the largest stadiums in India with floodlights for Cricket and Football matches.<a href="#cite_note-Stadiums_in_India-189">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Regional_Sports_Centre,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Sports Centre, Kochi">Regional Sports Centre</a> is an important centre of sporting activity in the city. Kochi is reportedly the sixth best city in India according to the livability index of 2011.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg/220px-Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg/330px-Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg/440px-Aster_Medcity_Hospital_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aster_Medcity" title="Aster Medcity">Aster Medcity</a> is one of the largest hospitals in the country</figcaption></figure> With many advanced tertiary/quaternary care facilities, Kochi has one of the best healthcare facilities in India. It is the prime destination for people seeking advanced healthcare facilities from across Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In recent times, it has attracted many patients from India, the Middle East, Africa, Europe and the United States looking for relatively inexpensive advanced medical care. Kochi is the only city from <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> that have carried out successful heart transplantations.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amrita_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_and_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre">Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Hospital_Kochi" title="Sunrise Hospital Kochi">Sunrise Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specialist_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialist Hospital">Specialist Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_Trust_Hospital" title="Medical Trust Hospital">Medical Trust Hospital</a>, PVS Memorial Hospital, <a href="/wiki/Renai_medicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Renai medicity">Renai medicity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakeshore_Hospital" title="Lakeshore Hospital">Lakeshore Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisie_Hospital,_Kochi" title="Lisie Hospital, Kochi">Lisie Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aster_Medcity" title="Aster Medcity">Aster Medcity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajagiri_Hospital" title="Rajagiri Hospital">Rajagiri Institute of Medical Sciences</a> are some of the advanced tertiary/quaternary healthcare facilities in Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Other reputed institutions in the city include Ernakulam Medical Centre, <a href="/wiki/KIMS_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="KIMS Hospital">KIMS Hospital</a>, Gautham Hospital, Lourdes Hospital and <a href="/wiki/Saraf_Hospital" title="Saraf Hospital">Saraf Hospital</a>. Some of the reputed fertility related treatment centres in India – like Vijaya Hospital, Bourn Hall Clinic<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> and CIMAR – are located in Kochi. <a href="/wiki/General_Hospital,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="General Hospital, Ernakulam">General Hospital, Ernakulam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Ernakulam" title="Government Medical College, Ernakulam">Government Medical College, Ernakulam</a> are the notable medical institutions in the government sector in Kochi. In August 2019, a home daycare program in the district, Arike has started for extending the service of the home palliative care. Nurses who have undergone training in palliative care will be reaching out to patients at home every day on two-wheelers. The service will be available to those who have registered with the General Hospital's home palliative care programme.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education in India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kerala" title="Education in Kerala">Education in Kerala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Educational_Institutions_in_Ernakulam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Educational Institutions in Ernakulam District">Educational Institutions in Ernakulam District</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharajas_College,_Ernakulam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Maharajas_College%2C_Ernakulam.jpg/220px-Maharajas_College%2C_Ernakulam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Maharajas_College%2C_Ernakulam.jpg/330px-Maharajas_College%2C_Ernakulam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Maharajas_College%2C_Ernakulam.jpg/440px-Maharajas_College%2C_Ernakulam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="1948" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Established in 1875, the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_College,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja's College, Ernakulam">Maharaja's College</a> is one of the oldest colleges in the state</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mec_aryabhatta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mec_aryabhatta.jpg/220px-Mec_aryabhatta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mec_aryabhatta.jpg/330px-Mec_aryabhatta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mec_aryabhatta.jpg/440px-Mec_aryabhatta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="400" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The main building of <a href="/wiki/Model_Engineering_College" title="Model Engineering College">Model Engineering College</a> was inspired from India's first satellite, <a href="/wiki/Aryabhata_(satellite)" title="Aryabhata (satellite)">Aryabhatta</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_Block_,_Cusat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Administrative_Block_%2C_Cusat.jpg/220px-Administrative_Block_%2C_Cusat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Administrative_Block_%2C_Cusat.jpg/330px-Administrative_Block_%2C_Cusat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Administrative_Block_%2C_Cusat.jpg/440px-Administrative_Block_%2C_Cusat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Cochin University of Science and Technology">Cochin University of Science and Technology</a> is one of the top educational institutions in the country</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rajagiri_college_of_social_science.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rajagiri_college_of_social_science.jpg/220px-Rajagiri_college_of_social_science.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rajagiri_college_of_social_science.jpg/330px-Rajagiri_college_of_social_science.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Rajagiri_college_of_social_science.jpg/440px-Rajagiri_college_of_social_science.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Rajagiri College of Social Sciences at <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_education">Secondary education</h3></div> The pattern of primary education is essentially the same all over the state. There are government owned schools and government aided schools, which are affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala State Education Board">Kerala State Education Board</a>. A few privately owned schools are also affiliated to the system. Most of the schools owned by private organisations or individuals are affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board for Secondary Education</a> (CBSE).<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="Indian Certificate of Secondary Education">Indian Certificate of Secondary Education</a> (ICSE) have some schools affiliated to them as well.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> The state education board offers both Malayalam and English medium instruction, while the other boards offer English medium alone. There are a few schools that follow international curricula, such as IB and IGCSE.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> There 34 government schools, 67 private aided schools and 31 unaided schools affiliated to the Kerala State Education Board in the city and suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_Schools-201">[201]</a> There are 62 CBSE Schools, 2 IGCSE and 9 ICSE Schools as well.<a href="#cite_note-CBSE_Schools-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICSE_Schools-203">[203]</a> The notable schools in the government sector are <a href="/wiki/Sree_Rama_Varma_High_School" title="Sree Rama Varma High School">Sree Rama Varma High School</a>, Edappally High School, Government School-Kochi and Govt Girls Higher Secondary School, Ernakulam. There are <a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya">Kendriya Vidyalaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavan" title="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan">Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</a> run several quasi-private charter schools within the city limits, as well as in the suburbs. There are several private schools (both aided & unaided0 that are owned by secular and religious trusts which are of particular renown, such as:<a href="/wiki/St._Albert%27s_HSS,_Ernakulam" title="St. Albert's HSS, Ernakulam">St. Albert's HSS, Ernakulam</a>, St. Teresa's CGHSS, St. Mary's CGHSS Ernakulam, St. Antony's CGHSS, <a href="/wiki/Model_Technical_Higher_Secondary_School,_Kaloor" title="Model Technical Higher Secondary School, Kaloor">Model Technical Higher Secondary School, Kaloor</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Delta_Study" title="The Delta Study">The Delta Study</a>, Rajagiri Public School, Campion School, <a href="/wiki/Assisi_Vidyaniketan" class="mw-redirect" title="Assisi Vidyaniketan">Assisi Vidyaniketan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Refineries_School" title="Cochin Refineries School">Cochin Refineries School</a>, Gregorian Public School, Greets Public School, Toc-H Public School, <a href="/wiki/Navy_Children_School_Kochi" title="Navy Children School Kochi">Navy Children School</a>, Global Public School, <a href="/wiki/Choice_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Choice School">Choice School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidyodaya_School" title="Vidyodaya School">Vidyodaya School</a>, Mar Thoma Public School, Nava Nirman Public School and St. Pauls International School, Kalamassery, The Charter School Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Cochin University of Science and Technology">Cochin University of Science and Technology</a> (CUSAT) is a major university named after the city. Most of the colleges in Kochi offering tertiary education are affiliated either with the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_University,_Kerala" title="Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala">Mahatma Gandhi University</a> or with the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin University">Cochin University</a>. Kochi has one of the campuses of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Maritime_University" title="Indian Maritime University">Indian Maritime University</a> at <a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">Willingdon Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sree_Sankaracharya_University_of_Sanskrit" title="Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit">Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a> is a research-oriented university located at the outskirts. Other national educational institutes include the <a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Fisheries_Nautical_and_Engineering_Training" title="Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training">Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Advanced_Legal_Studies" title="National University of Advanced Legal Studies">National University of Advanced Legal Studies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_India" title="National Institute of Oceanography, India">National Institute of Oceanography</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Marine_Fisheries_Research_Institute" title="Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute">Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Kochi has some of the leading B-Schools in the region. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Kozhikode" title="Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode">Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode</a> (IIMK) has set up its first satellite campus at Athulya building in <a href="/wiki/InfoPark,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoPark, Kochi">InfoPark, Kochi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Cochin University's <a href="/wiki/Cochin_University_of_Science_and_Technology#School_of_Management_Studies" title="Cochin University of Science and Technology">School of Management Studies</a> (SMS) is the first and oldest managerial education institution in South India. <a href="/wiki/School_of_Communication_and_Management_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Communication and Management Studies">SCMS Cochin</a> is one of the emerging B-Schools in the country.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Another major B-School <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Institute_of_Management_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship">XIME</a> is opening a new campus in Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> Other leading managerial institutions include <a href="/wiki/Rajagiri_Centre_for_Business_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajagiri Centre for Business Studies">Rajagiri Centre for Business Studies</a>, Kochi Business School, Amrita School of Business, <a href="/wiki/Albertian_Institute_of_Management" title="Albertian Institute of Management">Albertian Institute of Management</a> and Toc-H B school. The city and outskirts are home to four medical schools—<a href="/wiki/Amrita_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_and_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre">Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre</a> at Ponekkara, Cochin Medical College at <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a>, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, and M.O.S.C. Medical College, <a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a>. Some of the prestigious general colleges are <a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_College,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja's College, Ernakulam">Maharaja's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Albert%27s_College" title="St. Albert's College">St. Albert's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Teresa%27s_College" title="St. Teresa's College">St. Teresa's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Hearts_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Hearts College">Sacred Hearts College</a>, Bharata Matha College, Aquina's College, <a href="/wiki/De_Paul_Institute_of_Science_%26_Technology_(DIST)" class="mw-redirect" title="De Paul Institute of Science & Technology (DIST)">De Paul Institute of Science & Technology (DIST)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cochin_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin College">Cochin College</a>. The major Engineering and Technology colleges in the city are <a href="/wiki/School_of_Engineering,_CUSAT" title="School of Engineering, CUSAT">School of Engineering CUSAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/SCMS_School_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="SCMS School of Engineering and Technology">SCMS School of Engineering and Technology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Model_Engineering_College" title="Model Engineering College">Model Engineering College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajagiri_School_of_Engineering_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology">Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology</a> and FISAT (Federal Institute of Science & Technology).<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Being the seat of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Kerala">High Court of Kerala</a>, several top legal education institutes are here. The <a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Ernakulam" title="Government Law College, Ernakulam">Government Law College-Ernakulam</a> is one of the oldest law schools in Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> The School of Legal Studies (SLS), <a href="/wiki/CUSAT" class="mw-redirect" title="CUSAT">CUSAT</a> is one of the leading graduate, post-graduate, and research institutes in the country. The <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Advanced_Legal_Studies" title="National University of Advanced Legal Studies">National University of Advanced Legal Studies</a> (NUALS) is located in the city, which is a premier law university in India and the only Law college listed in CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) in Kerala. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_service_organisations">Social service organisations</h2></div> Some of the main orphanages and rehabilitation shelters in Cochin City are <a href="/wiki/Palluruthy_Relief_Settlement" title="Palluruthy Relief Settlement">Palluruthy Relief Settlement</a> in Palluruthy Veli, Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan, Don Bosco Big Boys, Crescent Girls Orphanage, <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> Boys Home, Bal Bhavan, Valsalya Bhavan.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palluruthy_Relief_Settlement" title="Palluruthy Relief Settlement">Palluruthy Relief Settlement</a> is under <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a> and managed in association with Peoples Council for Social Justice. There are about 300 inmates and many of them are mentally ill.<a href="#cite_note-Reporter2011-214">[214]</a> The night shelter for women run by Kochi Municipal Corporation near <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">Kerala State Road Transport Corporation</a> bus stand provides free and safe accommodation.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Peoples Council for Social Justice was found in 1985 under the patronage of Justice <a href="/wiki/V._R._Krishna_Iyer" title="V. R. Krishna Iyer">V. R. Krishna Iyer</a> with the aim to work for human rights protection, free legal aid and to strive for social justice.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> The orphanages for children under <a href="/wiki/John_Bosco" title="John Bosco">Don Bosco</a> Sneha Bhavan Cochi are Sneha Bhavan Annexe, SnehaBhavan, Valsalya Bhavan, Don Bosco and Bosco Nilayam. The <a href="/wiki/Childline_India" title="Childline India">Childline India</a> project in Cochin is taken in collaboration with Don Bosco. Children in distress and in need of help can contact in '1098' (toll free number).<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Sneha Bhavan Annexe is the first point of contact with children and children can stay as a safe night shelter.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Sneha Bhavan is a home for the children from the streets and for those from unhealthy and risky situations. The Valsalya Bhavan centre is solely for the girls who are rescued from the streets. Runaways, street children, children of sex workers, abused children and child labourers all live here. Along with primary and high school education at a local school, the centre provides shelter, food, clothing and educational support.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> There are also people doing independent social services within the city. The Italian Sister Fabiola conducts a home at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a> known as "Ashwasa Bhavan", for young orphaned children.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Br. Judson run his own "Mobile Bath Service" in his vehicle for the abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akshara_mandiram_-_ernakulam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Akshara_mandiram_-_ernakulam.JPG/220px-Akshara_mandiram_-_ernakulam.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Akshara_mandiram_-_ernakulam.JPG/330px-Akshara_mandiram_-_ernakulam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Akshara_mandiram_-_ernakulam.JPG/440px-Akshara_mandiram_-_ernakulam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>Akshara Mandiram at <a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive</a></figcaption></figure> Major Malayalam newspapers published in Kochi include <a href="/wiki/Malayala_Manorama" title="Malayala Manorama">Malayala Manorama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathrubhumi" title="Mathrubhumi">Mathrubhumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siraj_Daily" title="Siraj Daily">Siraj Daily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhyamam" title="Madhyamam">Madhyamam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deshabhimani" title="Deshabhimani">Deshabhimani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deepika_(newspaper)" title="Deepika (newspaper)">Deepika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Kaumudi" title="Kerala Kaumudi">Kerala Kaumudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janmabhumi" title="Janmabhumi">Janmabhumi</a>, etc. Popular English newspapers include <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(daily)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pioneer (daily)">The Pioneer</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Deccan_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Deccan Chronicle">The Deccan Chronicle</a>. A number of evening papers are also published from the city.<a href="#cite_note-Evieningers-224">[224]</a> Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>, Tamil and <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> are also available. A number of financial publications are also published in the city. These include <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_Line" title="Business Line">Business Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Business_Standard" title="The Business Standard">The Business Standard</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Financial_Express_(India)" title="The Financial Express (India)">The Financial Express</a>. Prominent magazines and religious publications like the <a href="/wiki/Sathyadeepam" title="Sathyadeepam">Sathyadeepam</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Week_(Indian_magazine)" title="The Week (Indian magazine)">The Week</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanitha" title="Vanitha">Vanitha</a> are also published from the city. Kochi houses several leading Malayalam television channels like <a href="/wiki/Asianet_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Asianet Plus">Asianet Plus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flowers_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers (TV channel)">Flowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeevan_TV" title="Jeevan TV">Jeevan TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazhavil_Manorama" title="Mazhavil Manorama">Mazhavil Manorama</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=We_TV_(Indian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="We TV (Indian TV channel) (page does not exist)">Kairali We</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manorama_News" title="Manorama News">Manorama News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reporter_TV" title="Reporter TV">Reporter TV</a> as well as major news bureaus of <a href="/wiki/Asianet_(TV_channel)" title="Asianet (TV channel)">Asianet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kairali_TV" title="Kairali TV">Kairali TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amrita_TV" title="Amrita TV">Amrita TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prasar_Bharati" title="Prasar Bharati">Prasar Bharati</a> maintains its earth station and broadcasting centre in Kakkanad, Kochi. Satellite television services are available through <a href="/wiki/DD_Direct%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="DD Direct+">DD Direct+</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dish_TV" title="Dish TV">Dish TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airtel_digital_TV" title="Airtel digital TV">Airtel digital TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Digital_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Digital TV">Reliance DTH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTH" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Direct DTH">Sun Direct DTH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tata_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Sky">Tata Sky</a>. FM radio channels broadcast from Kochi<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> are <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio#South_regional_service" title="All India Radio">Rainbow FM</a> (AIR) 101.9 MHz, <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio#South_regional_service" title="All India Radio">AIR Kochi</a> 102.3 MHz, <a href="/wiki/Club_FM_94.3" class="mw-redirect" title="Club FM 94.3">Club FM 94.3</a> MHz,<a href="#cite_note-Club_FM-226">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mango_91.9" title="Radio Mango 91.9">Radio Mango 91.9</a> MHz,<a href="#cite_note-Radio_Mango_Cochin-227">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_93.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM 93.5">Red FM 93.5</a> MHz,<a href="#cite_note-RED_FM_Kochi-228">[228]</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Radio Mirchi</a> 104.0 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-Radio_Mirchi-229">[229]</a> Kochi is considered to be the hub of the vibrant <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam movie">Malayalam movie</a> industry,<a href="#cite_note-Mollywood-230">[230]</a> especially contemporary Malayalam movies. The rise of Kochi to the centre stage of the entertainment industry occurred coinciding with the economic boom of the last couple of decades. Many movies are shot in Kochi every year.<a href="#cite_note-Movie_shoot-231">[231]</a> Kochi also has a host of state-of-the-art production and post-production facilities.<a href="#cite_note-Filmmakers'_hotspot-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-Megamedia-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chithranjali_unit_coming_to_city-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chithranjali_opens_studio_in_Kochi-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kochi_sizzling_onscreen-236">[236]</a> Due to these reasons, major section of film personalities including of actors, technical experts and other related workers reside in Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-Making_the_right_move-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kamal_in_Kochi-238">[238]</a> There are over 50 <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema halls</a> that screen movies in Malayalam, Tamil, English and Hindi. The city hosts Kerala's first cine multiplex, at the <a href="/wiki/Oberon_Mall" title="Oberon Mall">Oberon Mall</a> with four screens. Gold Souk Grande also has a cine multiplex operated by Q cinemas with four screens. <a href="/wiki/PVR_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="PVR Cinemas">PVR</a> with 9 screens is another national multiplex brand that has presence in Kochi and is based out of <a href="/wiki/Lulu_International_Shopping_Mall,_Kochi" title="Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi">LuLu International Shopping Mall</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinepolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinepolis">Cinepolis</a> at Centre Square Mall with 11 screens is the first international megaplex brand in the state. 16 more multiplex screens are expected in the city in the near future. The district has the largest number of telephone connections in Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-largest_number_of_telephones-239">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Telephony" title="Telephony">Telephony</a> services are provided by various private sector players like <a href="/wiki/Aircel" title="Aircel">Aircel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idea_Cellular" title="Idea Cellular">Idea Cellular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutch_(Indian_cellular_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutch (Indian cellular company)">Vodafone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Infocomm" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Infocomm">Reliance Infocomm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Docomo" title="Tata Docomo">Tata Docomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jio" title="Jio">Jio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Indicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Indicom">Tata Indicom</a> and the state owned <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited">BSNL</a>. All the private sector telecom companies have their headquarters for Kerala circle located in Kochi. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> Like elsewhere in Kerala, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> is arguably the most passionate sport among the locals. In the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Super_League" title="Indian Super League">Indian Super League</a> (ISL), <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Blasters" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala Blasters">Kerala Blasters</a> represents the city as well as the state of Kerala. The Blasters are one of the most widely supported clubs in the country as well as the fifth most followed football club from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> in the social media.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Kochi was also home to the now defunct football clubs <a href="/wiki/FC_Kochin" title="FC Kochin">FC Kochin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chirag_United_Club_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirag United Club Kerala">Chirag United Kerala</a>. FC Kochin is considered as the first fully professional football club from India.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Kochi was one of the six cities to host the <a href="/wiki/2017_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup" title="2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup">2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup</a> held in India.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL_2016_Final.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jewharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL_2016_Final.jpg/220px-Jewharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL_2016_Final.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jewharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL_2016_Final.jpg/330px-Jewharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL_2016_Final.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Jewharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL_2016_Final.jpg/440px-Jewharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL_2016_Final.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_(Kochi)" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)">The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a> is one of the largest stadiums in India</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rajiv_Gandhi_Indor_Stadium_Side_View.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rajiv_Gandhi_Indor_Stadium_Side_View.JPG/220px-Rajiv_Gandhi_Indor_Stadium_Side_View.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rajiv_Gandhi_Indor_Stadium_Side_View.JPG/330px-Rajiv_Gandhi_Indor_Stadium_Side_View.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rajiv_Gandhi_Indor_Stadium_Side_View.JPG/440px-Rajiv_Gandhi_Indor_Stadium_Side_View.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Indoor_Stadium" title="Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium">The Regional Sports Centre</a> at Kadavanthra houses the <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Bhupathi_Tennis_Academy" title="Mahesh Bhupathi Tennis Academy">Mahesh Bhupathi Tennis Academy</a></div></div></div></div></div> India's fourth largest stadium and third largest cricket stadium, the <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi">Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium</a> located in Kaloor, is a major facility for football and cricket.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Kochi was home to the now defunct <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> cricket team, <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Tuskers_Kerala" title="Kochi Tuskers Kerala">Kochi Tuskers Kerala</a> which won franchise rights to play in the 2011 edition of IPL. The Maharaja's Stadium located on MG Road in the heart of the city, is the major athletic facility in the state with synthetic tracks and turf grass as per international standards.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> The Ambedkar stadium, maintained by <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">GCDA</a>, was developed exclusively for football with funds from <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government of Kerala</a> and <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ambedkar_stadium_to_be_developed-248">[248]</a> Spanish club <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Madrid">Real Madrid</a> has proposed to set up a football school in Kochi.<a href="#cite_note-Real_Madrid_football_school_in_Kochi-249">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Regional_Sports_Centre,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Sports Centre, Kochi">Rajiv Gandhi Sports Complex</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kadavanthra" title="Kadavanthra">Kadavanthra</a> is a major indoor stadium, mainly used for conducting badminton, tennis and basketball tournaments. The 25 m X 10 m swimming pool<a href="#cite_note-RSC_cochin-250">[250]</a> at the centre is one of the larger water sports facility in the state, where regular swimming competitions and coaching are conducted. The FACT Grounds at Udyogamandal, Sacred Heart's College Grounds, HMT Grounds at <a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a> and St. Albert's College Grounds are the other major training facilities for various games like volleyball, badminton, cricket etc. Kochi has two <a href="/wiki/Golf_courses" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf courses">golf courses</a> in the city, and one in the suburbs. The oldest golf club is located at Bolgatty Palace constructed in 1903, which is a nine-hole facility run by Cochin Golf Club society.<a href="#cite_note-Bolgatty_Golf_Course-251">[251]</a> The Cochin Golf and Country Club located near to Cochin Airport, operated by CIAL, is Kerala's first 18-hole golf course with a playing area of over 7,200 <a href="/wiki/Yards" class="mw-redirect" title="Yards">yards</a>. The first phase of the all-weather golf course comprising nine holes was opened in May 2010 for members and public. The expansion to an 18-hole course is progressing, which is scheduled to be open in September 2012.<a href="#cite_note-CIAL_Golf_Club-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Being surrounded by water bodies, the city is ideal for <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">Yachting</a>. The Kerala Yachting Association and<a href="#cite_note-KYA-254">[254]</a> the Cochin Yacht Club<a href="#cite_note-KYC-255">[255]</a> are located in the city. Both organisations conduct regular yachting tournaments. Kochi was the only Indian city chosen for stopover during the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Volvo_Ocean_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–09 Volvo Ocean Race">2008–09 Volvo Ocean Race</a>. <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Professional sports clubs based in the city </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>League</th> <th>Ground</th> <th>Established </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Threads_FC" title="Golden Threads FC">Golden Threads FC</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Premier_League" title="Kerala Premier League">Kerala Premier League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panampilly_Nagar" title="Panampilly Nagar">Panampilly Ground</a> </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Blasters_FC" title="Kerala Blasters FC">Kerala Blasters FC</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Super_League" title="Indian Super League">Indian Super League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_(Kochi)" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Blue_Spikers" title="Kochi Blue Spikers">Kochi Blue Spikers</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pro_Volleyball_League" title="Pro Volleyball League">Pro Volleyball League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Indoor_Stadium" title="Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium">Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Godspeed Kochi<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Racing" title="Racing">Racing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Racing_League" title="Indian Racing League">Indian Racing League</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kochi KD's </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arm_Wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Arm Wrestling">Arm Wrestling</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pro_Panja_League" title="Pro Panja League">Pro Panja League</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forca_Kochi_FC" title="Forca Kochi FC">Forca Kochi FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Super_League_Kerala" title="Super League Kerala">Super League Kerala</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_(Kochi)" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a> </td> <td>2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navy">Navy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></div> The Southern Naval Command, one of the three main formations of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>, has its headquarters in Kochi at <a href="/wiki/INS_Venduruthy" title="INS Venduruthy">INS Venduruthy</a>. It is commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief. The Southern Naval Command consists of Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), a training squadron, training establishments and bases, and land forces and survey ships. It has a naval air station and a ship repair yard.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Indian Navy Day is also celebrated here. It is a week-long public event showcasing warships, planes, helicopters, and other naval equipment.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Shipyard" title="Cochin Shipyard">Cochin Shipyard</a> Limited is the largest shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> In 2020, it finished building the first indigenous <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> for the Indian Navy.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_India" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in India">List of twin towns and sister cities in India</a></div> Kochi is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, United States<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park, California</a>, United States<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pyatigorsk" title="Pyatigorsk">Pyatigorsk</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_ha-Adeni" title="Elijah ha-Adeni">Elijah ha-Adeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubin_Shahir" title="Soubin Shahir">Soubin Shahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vinod_Raju" title="Radha Vinod Raju">Radha Vinod Raju</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhoods_of_Kochi" title="Neighbourhoods of Kochi">Neighbourhoods of Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in Kochi">List of tallest buildings in Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Cochin">Portuguese Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochin Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_Indian_cities_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest Indian cities by GDP">Largest Indian cities by GDP</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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The Hindu. 11 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516014736/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/indias-biggest-shopping-mall-opens-in-kochi/article4496042.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India%27s+biggest+shopping+mall+opens+in+Kochi&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Findias-biggest-shopping-mall-opens-in-kochi%2Farticle4496042.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dclargest-168"><a href="#cite_ref-dclargest_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525093655/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130310/news-current-affairs/article/kochi-boasts-asia%E2%80%99s-largest-shopping-mall">"Kochi boasts of Asia's largest shopping mall"</a>. Deccan Chronicle. 10 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130310/news-current-affairs/article/kochi-boasts-asia%E2%80%99s-largest-shopping-mall">the original</a> on 25 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Kochi+boasts+of+Asia%27s+largest+shopping+mall&rft.date=2013-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanchronicle.com%2F130310%2Fnews-current-affairs%2Farticle%2Fkochi-boasts-asia%25E2%2580%2599s-largest-shopping-mall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Kochi-to-get-three-more-malls/articleshow/19656867.cms">"Kochi to get three more malls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802234951/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Kochi-to-get-three-more-malls/articleshow/19656867.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Kochi+to+get+three+more+malls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fkochi%2FKochi-to-get-three-more-malls%2Farticleshow%2F19656867.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-4-indian-cities-that-will-dominate-culinary-map-of-2025-2109426">"4 Indian cities that will dominate culinary map of 2025"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214548/https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-4-indian-cities-that-will-dominate-culinary-map-of-2025-2109426">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4+Indian+cities+that+will+dominate+culinary+map+of+2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Flifestyle%2Freport-4-indian-cities-that-will-dominate-culinary-map-of-2025-2109426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ihg.com/crowneplaza/hotels/us/en/kochi/cokch/hoteldetail">"Crowne Plaza Kochi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/InterContinental_Hotels_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="InterContinental Hotels Group">InterContinental Hotels Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093137/https://www.ihg.com/crowneplaza/hotels/us/en/kochi/cokch/hoteldetail">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crowne+Plaza+Kochi&rft.pub=InterContinental+Hotels+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihg.com%2Fcrowneplaza%2Fhotels%2Fus%2Fen%2Fkochi%2Fcokch%2Fhoteldetail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630022245/http://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/cokmc-kochi-marriott-hotel/">"Kochi Marriott Hotel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/cokmc-kochi-marriott-hotel">the original</a> on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kochi+Marriott+Hotel&rft.pub=Marriott+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marriott.com%2Fhotels%2Ftravel%2Fcokmc-kochi-marriott-hotel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hyatt.com/en-US/hotel/india/grand-hyatt-kochi-bolgatty/cokgh">"Grand Hyatt Kochi Bolgatty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hyatt" title="Hyatt">Hyatt</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027132055/https://www.hyatt.com/en-US/hotel/india/grand-hyatt-kochi-bolgatty/cokgh">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grand+Hyatt+Kochi+Bolgatty&rft.pub=Hyatt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hyatt.com%2Fen-US%2Fhotel%2Findia%2Fgrand-hyatt-kochi-bolgatty%2Fcokgh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/cokfp-four-points-kochi-infopark">"Four Points by Sheraton Kochi Infopark"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011339/https://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/cokfp-four-points-kochi-infopark">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four+Points+by+Sheraton+Kochi+Infopark&rft.pub=Marriott+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marriott.com%2Fhotels%2Ftravel%2Fcokfp-four-points-kochi-infopark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/cokmd-le-meridien-kochi/">"Le Méridien Kochi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029165258/https://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/cokmd-le-meridien-kochi/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+M%C3%A9ridien+Kochi&rft.pub=Marriott+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marriott.com%2Fhotels%2Ftravel%2Fcokmd-le-meridien-kochi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093039/https://www.radissonblu.com/en/hotel-kochi">"Radisson Blu Kochi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radisson_Blu" title="Radisson Blu">Radisson Blu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radissonblu.com/en/hotel-kochi">the original</a> on 13 January 2018. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wyndhamhotels.com/ramada/cochin-india/ramada-resort-cochin/overview">the original</a> on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramada+Resort+Cochin&rft.pub=Wyndham+Worldwide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wyndhamhotels.com%2Framada%2Fcochin-india%2Framada-resort-cochin%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093128/http://www.ibis.com/gb/hotel-7928-ibis-kochi-city-centre-/index.shtml">"ibis Kochi City Centre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ibis_(hotel)" title="Ibis (hotel)">Ibis</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibis.com/gb/hotel-7928-ibis-kochi-city-centre-/index.shtml">the original</a> on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ibis+Kochi+City+Centre&rft.pub=Ibis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibis.com%2Fgb%2Fhotel-7928-ibis-kochi-city-centre-%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tajhotels.com/en-in/taj/taj-malabar-cochin/">"Taj Malabar Resort & Spa, Cochin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taj_Hotels_Resorts_and_Palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces">Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030163435/https://www.tajhotels.com/en-in/taj/taj-malabar-cochin/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020. 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Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INS+Grauda+%28Aviation+Establishment%29&rft.pub=Indian+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fins-grauda-aviation-establishment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Navy-Day-celebrations/article14879509.ece">"Navy Day celebrations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164100/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Navy-Day-celebrations/article14879509.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Navy+Day+celebrations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-kerala%2FNavy-Day-celebrations%2Farticle14879509.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2017/oct/26/navy-week-celebration-in-kochi-from-november-28-1683183.html">"Navy Week celebration in Kochi from November 28"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113093134/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2017/oct/26/navy-week-celebration-in-kochi-from-november-28-1683183.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Navy+Week+celebration+in+Kochi+from+November+28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fcities%2Fkochi%2F2017%2Foct%2F26%2Fnavy-week-celebration-in-kochi-from-november-28-1683183.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914061304/http://cochinshipyard.com/credentials.html">"Welcome to Cochin Shipyard : ISO 9001 Certified Shipyard of the Millenium"</a>. Cochinshipyard.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cochinshipyard.com/credentials.html">the original</a> on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Cochin+Shipyard+%3A+ISO+9001+Certified+Shipyard+of+the+Millenium&rft.pub=Cochinshipyard.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cochinshipyard.com%2Fcredentials.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurung2020" class="citation news cs1">Gurung, Shaurya Karanbir (10 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026230934/https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/structural-and-outfitting-work-of-indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-complete/articleshow/74070075.cms">"Structural and outfitting work of India's first indigenous aircraft carrier complete"</a>. The Economic Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389">0013-0389</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/structural-and-outfitting-work-of-indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-complete/articleshow/74070075.cms?from=mdr">the original</a> on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Structural+and+outfitting+work+of+India%27s+first+indigenous+aircraft+carrier+complete&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft.issn=0013-0389&rft.aulast=Gurung&rft.aufirst=Shaurya+Karanbir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdefence%2Fstructural-and-outfitting-work-of-indias-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-complete%2Farticleshow%2F74070075.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220135136/https://www.norfolksistercities.org/sister-cities/kochi-india/">"Kochi, India – Norfolk Sister City Association"</a>. Norfolk Sister City Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norfolksistercities.org/sister-cities/kochi-india/">the original</a> on 20 December 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kochi%2C+India+%E2%80%93+Norfolk+Sister+City+Association&rft.pub=Norfolk+Sister+City+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norfolksistercities.org%2Fsister-cities%2Fkochi-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/kochi-menlo-park-sign-agreement-on-cultural-and-economic-exchange/article6885223.ece">"Kochi, Menlo Park sign agreement on cultural and economic exchange"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164100/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/kochi-menlo-park-sign-agreement-on-cultural-and-economic-exchange/article6885223.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Kochi%2C+Menlo+Park+sign+agreement+on+cultural+and+economic+exchange&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FKochi%2Fkochi-menlo-park-sign-agreement-on-cultural-and-economic-exchange%2Farticle6885223.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026150305/http://www.c-hed.org/?p=2108">"Association with Pyatigorsk"</a>. Centre for Heritage, Environment and Development. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-hed.org/?p=2108">the original</a> on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Association+with+Pyatigorsk&rft.pub=Centre+for+Heritage%2C+Environment+and+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-hed.org%2F%3Fp%3D2108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKochi" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Huan" title="Ma Huan">Ma Huan</a>: Ying Yai Sheng Lan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, translated by J.V.G. Mills, 1970 Hakluyt Society, reprint 1997, White Lotus Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/974-8496-78-3" title="Special:BookSources/974-8496-78-3">974-8496-78-3</a>.</li> <li>Plunkett, R, Cannon, T, Davis, P, Greenway, P & Harding, P (2001), Lonely Planet South India, Lonely Planet, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86450-161-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86450-161-8">1-86450-161-8</a>.</li> <li>Manorama Yearbook 2003 (English Edition), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-900461-8-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-900461-8-7">81-900461-8-7</a>.</li> <li>Robert Charles Bristow. Cochin Saga, Paico Pub. House; 2d ed. edition (1967), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1659055">1659055</a>.</li> <li>Unemployment in Kerala at the turn of the 20th century Insights from the CDS gulf migration studies by K. C. Zachariah, S. Irudaya Rajan.</li> <li>Kochi Rajyacharithram by KP Padmanabha Menon. P (1914)</li> <li>"Akhilavijnanakosam". Malayalam Encyclopedia. D C Books Multimedia Series.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kochi&params=9_55_52.3_N_76_16_02.3_E_type:city(677381)_region:IN">GeoHack – Kochi</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Kochi at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kochi" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Kochi">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kochi,_Kerala" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Kochi, Kerala">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kochi" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Kochi">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kochi" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Kochi">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kochi" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Kochi">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kochi" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Kochi">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kochi" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Kochi">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kochi230" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kochi_(India)" title="Template:Kochi (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kochi_(India)" title="Template talk:Kochi (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kochi_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kochi (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kochi230" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kochi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattancherry_Palace" title="Mattancherry Palace">Mattancherry Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Palace,_Tripunithura" title="Hill Palace, Tripunithura">Hill Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durbar_Hall_Ground" title="Durbar Hall Ground">Durbar Hall Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyittuvazhcha_Kovilakam" title="Ariyittuvazhcha Kovilakam">Ariyittuvazhcha Kovilakam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Nagar,_Kochi" title="Gandhi Nagar, Kochi">Gandhi Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloor" title="Kaloor">Kaloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi"> Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palarivattom" title="Palarivattom">Palarivattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panampilly_Nagar" title="Panampilly Nagar">Panampilly Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkanad" title="Kakkanad">Kakkanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavanthra" title="Kadavanthra">Kadavanthra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripunithura" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripunithura">Tripunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyttila" title="Vyttila">Vyttila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">Willingdon Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kochi" title="History of Kochi">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoma_of_Villarvattom" title="Thoma of Villarvattom">Thoma of Villarvattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">History of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kochi" title="Transport in Kochi">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport" title="Cochin International Airport">Cochin International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Harbour_Terminus_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Harbour Terminus railway station">Cochin Harbour Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edappally_railway_station" title="Edappally railway station">Edappally railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Junction_railway_station" title="Ernakulam Junction railway station">Ernakulam Junction railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Terminus_railway_station" title="Ernakulam Terminus railway station">Ernakulam Terminus railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Town_railway_station" title="Ernakulam Town railway station">Ernakulam Town railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Port" title="Cochin Port">Cochin Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Shipyard" title="Cochin Shipyard">Cochin Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Urban_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation">Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">Kerala State Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Water_Transport_Department" title="Kerala State Water Transport Department">Kerala State Water Transport Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyttila_Mobility_Hub" title="Vyttila Mobility Hub">Vyttila Mobility Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Water_Metro" title="Kochi Water Metro">Kochi Water Metro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_High_Court" title="Kerala High Court">Kerala High Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Stock_Exchange" title="Cochin Stock Exchange">Cochin Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerfed" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumerfed">Consumerfed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertilisers_and_Chemicals_Travancore" title="Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore">Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cochin_Development_Authority" title="Greater Cochin Development Authority">Greater Cochin Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Container_Transshipment_Terminal,_Kochi" title="International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi">International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Civil_Supplies_Corporation" title="Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation">Kerala State Civil Supplies Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Refineries" title="Kochi Refineries">Kochi Refineries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_Mall" title="Oberon Mall">Oberon Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_International_Shopping_Mall,_Kochi" title="Lulu International Shopping Mall, Kochi">LuLu International Shopping Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Souk_Grande,_Kochi" title="Gold Souk Grande, Kochi">Gold Souk Grandé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_Nucleus_Mall" title="Abad Nucleus Mall">Abad Nucleus Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Thomsun_Mall" title="Forum Thomsun Mall">Forum Thomsun Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q1_Mall" title="Q1 Mall">Q1 Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kochi" title="Culture of Kochi">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochin Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholics_of_Malabar" title="Latin Catholics of Malabar">Latin Catholics of Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luso-Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Luso-Indians">Luso-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Kerala">Cuisine of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kerala" title="Culture of Kerala">Culture of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabhavan" title="Kalabhavan">Kalabhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Major_Archeparchy_of_Ernakulam-Angamaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly">Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cochin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin">Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Verapoly" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chempittapally" title="Chempittapally">Chempittapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara_Temple" title="Chottanikkara Temple">Chottanikkara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_Shiva_Temple" title="Ernakulam Shiva Temple">Ernakulam Shiva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavumbhagam_Ernakulam_Synagogue" title="Kadavumbhagam Ernakulam Synagogue">Kadavumbhagam Ernakulam Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavumbhagam_Mattancherry_Synagogue" title="Kadavumbhagam Mattancherry Synagogue">Kadavumbhagam Mattancherry Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Synagogue" title="Paradesi Synagogue">Paradesi Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Poornathrayeesa_Temple" title="Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple">Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Cathedral_Basilica,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam">St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Forane_Church,_Edappally" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Edappally">St. George Syro-Malabar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Church,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis Church, Kochi">St. Francis Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamaramkulangara_Sree_Dharma_Sastha_Temple" title="Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple">Thamaramkulangara Sree Dharma Sastha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallarpadam_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallarpadam Church">Vallarpadam Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amala_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Amala Institute of Medical Sciences">Amala Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrita_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_and_Research_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre">Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Medcity" title="Aster Medcity">Aster Medcity</a></li> <li>Gautham Hospital</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Hospital,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="General Hospital, Ernakulam">General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Co-operative_Hospital" title="Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital">Indira Gandhi Co-operative Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeshore_Hospital" title="Lakeshore Hospital">Lakeshore Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisie_Hospital,_Kochi" title="Lisie Hospital, Kochi">Lisie Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisie_Heart_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisie Heart Institute">Lisie Heart Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_Heart_institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Lourdes Heart institute">Lourdes Heart institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lourdes_Hospital_(Kerala)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lourdes Hospital (Kerala) (page does not exist)">Lourdes Hospital (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Augustine_Kandathil_Memorial_Lisie_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital">Mar Augustine Kandathil Memorial Lisie Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Trust_Hospital" title="Medical Trust Hospital">Medical Trust Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraf_Hospital" title="Saraf Hospital">Saraf Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Hospital_Kochi" title="Sunrise Hospital Kochi">Sunrise Hospital Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renai_medicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Renai medicity">Renai medicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagiri_Hospital" title="Rajagiri Hospital">Rajagiri Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisi_Vidyaniketan_Public_School" title="Assisi Vidyaniketan Public School">Assissi Vidyaniketan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavan" title="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan">Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Vidyalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmaya Vidyalaya">Chinmaya Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Choice School">Choice School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Refineries_School" title="Cochin Refineries School">Cochin Refineries School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya">Kendriya Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Children_School" title="Navy Children School">Navy Children School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Higher_Secondary_School,_Thevara" title="Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara">Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Rama_Varma_High_School" title="Sree Rama Varma High School">SRV High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St.Treasas_Convent_Girls_Higher_Secondary_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St.Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School (page does not exist)">St.Treasas Convent Girls Higher Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toc-H_Public_School" title="Toc-H Public School">Toc-H Public School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Delta_Study" title="The Delta Study">The Delta Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyodaya_School" title="Vidyodaya School">Vidyodaya School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Cochin University of Science and Technology">Cochin University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Advanced_Legal_Studies" title="National University of Advanced Legal Studies">National University of Advanced Legal Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Marine_Fisheries_Research_Institute" title="Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute">Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Sankaracharya_University_of_Sanskrit" title="Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit">Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Engineering_College" title="Model Engineering College">Model Engineering College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Ernakulam" title="Government Law College, Ernakulam">Government Law College, Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Communication_and_Management_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Communication and Management Studies">School of Communication and Management Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertian_Institute_of_Management" title="Albertian Institute of Management">Albertian Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagiri_School_of_Engineering_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology">Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Federal Institute of Science and Technology">Federal Institute of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_College,_Thevara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart College, Thevara">Sacred Heart College, Thevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCMS_School_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="SCMS School of Engineering and Technology">SCMS School of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Teresa%27s_College" title="St. Teresa's College">St. Teresa's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_College,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja's College, Ernakulam">Maharaja's College, Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MES_College_Marampally,_Aluva" title="MES College Marampally, Aluva">MES College Marampally, Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Ernakulam" title="Government Medical College, Ernakulam">Government Medical College, Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharata_Mata_College" title="Bharata Mata College">Bharata Mata College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Albert%27s_College" title="St. Albert's College">St. Albert's College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Road_(Kochi)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Road (Kochi)">Mahatma Gandhi Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor_Road" title="Chittoor Road">Chittoor Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banerji_Road" title="Banerji Road">Banerji Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanmugham_Road" title="Shanmugham Road">Shanmugham Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_(Kochi)" title="Park Avenue (Kochi)">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.A_Road" title="S.A Road">S.A Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloor-Kadavanthra_Road" title="Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road">Kaloor-Kadavanthra Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Bypass" title="Kochi Bypass">Kochi Bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaport-Airport_Road" title="Seaport-Airport Road">Seaport-Airport Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_New_Bypass" title="Kochi New Bypass">Kochi New Bypass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_(Kochi)" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Sports_Centre,_Kochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Sports Centre, Kochi">Regional Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_College_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja's College Stadium">Maharaja's College Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FACT_Stadium" title="FACT Stadium">FACT Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Blasters_FC" title="Kerala Blasters FC">Kerala Blasters FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Tuskers_Kerala" title="Kochi Tuskers Kerala">Kochi Tuskers Kerala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Press</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayala_Manorama" title="Malayala Manorama">Malayala Manorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathrubhumi" title="Mathrubhumi">Mathrubhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamam_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhyamam Daily">Madhyamam Daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshabhimani" title="Deshabhimani">Deshabhimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathyadeepam" title="Sathyadeepam">Sathyadeepam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surya_TV" title="Surya TV">Surya TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers (TV channel)">Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeevan_TV" title="Jeevan TV">Jeevan TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reporter_TV" title="Reporter TV">Reporter TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochu_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochu TV">Kochu TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiavision" title="Indiavision">Indiavision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbourhoods_of_Kochi27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Kochi" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Kochi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neighbourhoods_of_Kochi" title="Template talk:Neighbourhoods of Kochi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Kochi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods of Kochi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbourhoods_of_Kochi27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neighbourhoods of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kochi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalamugal" title="Ambalamugal">Ambalamugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamkulam,_Kochi" title="Elamkulam, Kochi">Elamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Kochi" title="Fort Kochi">Fort Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Nagar,_Kochi" title="Gandhi Nagar, Kochi">Gandhi Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadavanthra" title="Kadavanthra">Kadavanthra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrikadavu" title="Kathrikadavu">Kathrikadavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkanad" title="Kakkanad">Kakkanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloor" title="Kaloor">Kaloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbalam,_Ernakulam" title="Kumbalam, Ernakulam">Kumbalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Kochi" title="Marine Drive, Kochi">Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattancherry" title="Mattancherry">Mattancherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulavukad" title="Mulavukad">Mulavukad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Kochi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Kochi (page does not exist)">Old Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachalam" title="Pachalam">Pachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palarivattom" title="Palarivattom">Palarivattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palluruthy" title="Palluruthy">Palluruthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panampilly_Nagar" title="Panampilly Nagar">Panampilly Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panangad,_Kochi" title="Panangad, Kochi">Panangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattimattom" title="Pattimattom">Pattimattom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthuvype" title="Puthuvype">Puthuvype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevara" title="Thevara">Thevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoppumpady" title="Thoppumpady">Thoppumpady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkakkara" title="Thrikkakkara">Thrikkakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaduthala" title="Vaduthala">Vaduthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallarpadam" title="Vallarpadam">Vallarpadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennala" title="Vennala">Vennala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vypin" title="Vypin">Vypin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyttila" title="Vyttila">Vyttila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">Willingdon Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li>Haryana: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li>Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li>Rajasthan: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chhattisgarh: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li>Madhya Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li>Uttar Pradesh:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihar: <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li>Jharkhand: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li>West Bengal: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gujarat: <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li>Maharashtra: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andhra Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li>Karnataka: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Kerala: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li>Tamil Nadu: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li>Telangana: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Populated_places_in_Ernakulam_district100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ernakulam_district" title="Template:Ernakulam district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ernakulam_district" title="Template talk:Ernakulam district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ernakulam_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ernakulam district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Populated_places_in_Ernakulam_district100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Populated places in <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyampuzha" title="Ayyampuzha">Ayyampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chendamangalam" title="Chendamangalam">Chendamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengamanad,_Ernakulam_district" title="Chengamanad, Ernakulam district">Chengamanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheranallur" title="Cheranallur">Cheranallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittatukara" title="Chittatukara">Chittatukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choornikkara" title="Choornikkara">Choornikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowwara" title="Chowwara">Chowwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edathala" title="Edathala">Edathala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloor" title="Eloor">Eloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamakkudy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadamakkudy">Kadamakkudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkanad" title="Kakkanad">Kakkanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanayannur" title="Kanayannur">Kanayannur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothamangalam, Ernakulam">Kothamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothattukulam" title="Koothattukulam">Koothattukulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piravom" title="Piravom">Piravom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottuvally" title="Kottuvally">Kottuvally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbalam,_Ernakulam" title="Kumbalam, Ernakulam">Kumbalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kureekkad" title="Kureekkad">Kureekkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayattoor" title="Malayattoor">Malayattoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maradu" title="Maradu">Maradu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulavukad" title="Mulavukad">Mulavukad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumbassery" title="Nedumbassery">Nedumbassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li>Puthuvypin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvankulam" title="Thiruvankulam">Thiruvankulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkakkara" title="Thrikkakkara">Thrikkakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varappuzha" title="Varappuzha">Varappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhakkala,_Ernakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vazhakkala, Ernakulam">Vazhakkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willingdon_Island" title="Willingdon Island">Willingdon Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Sub-districts and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyampuzha" title="Ayyampuzha">Ayyampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukutty" title="Karukutty">Karukutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayattoor" title="Malayattoor">Malayattoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjapra" title="Manjapra">Manjapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mookkannoor" title="Mookkannoor">Mookkannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakkadavu" title="Parakkadavu">Parakkadavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuravoor,_Angamaly" title="Thuravoor, Angamaly">Thuravoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kanayannur" title="Kanayannur">Kanayannur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edakkattuvayal" title="Edakkattuvayal">Edakkattuvayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaippattur" title="Kaippattur">Kaippattur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keecherry" title="Keecherry">Keecherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulayettikara" title="Kulayettikara">Kulayettikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkakara_North" title="Thrikkakara North">Thrikkakara North</a> (Part)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kochi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chellanam" title="Chellanam">Chellanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edavanakkad" class="mw-redirect" title="Edavanakkad">Edavanakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhuppilly" title="Kuzhuppilly">Kuzhuppilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayarambalam" title="Nayarambalam">Nayarambalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallippuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kothamangalam">Kothamangalam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedavoor" title="Kedavoor">Kedavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keerampara" title="Keerampara">Keerampara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottappady" title="Kottappady">Kottappady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttamangalam" title="Kuttamangalam">Kuttamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttampuzha" title="Kuttampuzha">Kuttampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neriamangalam" title="Neriamangalam">Neriamangalam </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindimana" title="Pindimana">Pindimana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothanikkad" title="Pothanikkad">Pothanikkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkariyoor" title="Thrikkariyoor">Thrikkariyoor</a> (Part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varappetty" title="Varappetty">Varappetty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikaranad_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Aikaranad North">Aikaranad North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aikaranad_South" title="Aikaranad South">Aikaranad South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakapady" title="Arakapady">Arakapady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asamannoor" title="Asamannoor">Asamannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irapuram" title="Irapuram">Irapuram </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizhakkambalam" title="Kizhakkambalam">Kizhakkambalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodanad" title="Kodanad">Kodanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombanad" title="Kombanad">Kombanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhuvannoor" title="Mazhuvannoor">Mazhuvannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattimattom" title="Pattimattom">Pattimattom </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayamangalam,_Kerala" title="Rayamangalam, Kerala">Rayamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvaniyoor" title="Thiruvaniyoor">Thiruvaniyoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadavukode" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadavukode">Vadavukode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengoor_West" title="Vengoor West">Vengoor West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengoor" title="Vengoor">Vengoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakuzha" title="Arakuzha">Arakuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elanji" title="Elanji">Elanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enanalloor" title="Enanalloor">Enanalloor </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalloorkkad" title="Kalloorkkad">Kalloorkkad </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koothattukulam" title="Koothattukulam">Koothattukulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneed" title="Maneed">Maneed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjalloor" title="Manjalloor">Manjalloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marady" title="Marady">Marady</a> (Part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memury" title="Memury">Memury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulavoor" title="Mulavoor">Mulavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a> (Part)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onakkoor" title="Onakkoor">Onakkoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkuzha" title="Palakkuzha">Palakkuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piravom" title="Piravom">Piravom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramamangalam" title="Ramamangalam">Ramamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumarady" title="Thirumarady">Thirumarady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valakam,_Ernakulam_district" title="Valakam, Ernakulam district">Valakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velloorkunnam" title="Velloorkunnam">Velloorkunnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paravur_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravur Taluk">Paravur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezhikkara" title="Ezhikkara">Ezhikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnukara" title="Kunnukara">Kunnukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munduruthy" title="Munduruthy">Munduruthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x20px&#124;Seal_of_Kerala_State_of_Kerala611" style="background: #e1ece4; vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #9cc1a5; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kerala" title="Template:Kerala"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kerala" title="Template talk:Kerala"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x20px&#124;Seal_of_Kerala_State_of_Kerala611" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_Kerala.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Kerala"><img alt="Seal of Kerala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/36px-Banner_of_Kerala.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/54px-Banner_of_Kerala.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/71px-Banner_of_Kerala.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: none; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Kerala" title="List of districts of Kerala">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram KL-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_district" title="Kollam district">Kollam KL-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta KL-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha_district" title="Alappuzha district">Alappuzha KL-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_district" title="Kottayam district">Kottayam KL-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district">Idukki KL-06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam KL-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur KL-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad KL-09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram KL-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_district" title="Kozhikode district">Kozhikode KL-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayanad_district" title="Wayanad district">Wayanad KL-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_district" title="Kannur district">Kannur KL-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod KL-14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kerala" title="Category:Kerala">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Kerala" title="Arts of Kerala">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kerala" title="Culture of Kerala">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kerala" title="Demographics of Kerala">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kerala" title="Education in Kerala">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kerala" title="Geography of Kerala">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Kerala" title="Roads in Kerala"> Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_in_Kerala" title="Ports in Kerala"> Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Kerala" title="Wildlife of Kerala">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kerala" title="Tourism in Kerala">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Kerala" title="Sports in Kerala">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Bird</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_hornbill" title="Great hornbill">Great hornbill</a></dd> <dt>Animal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a></dd> <dt>Tree</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></dd> <dt>Flower</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Golden rain</a></dd> <dt>Fish</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karimeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Karimeen">Karimeen</a></dd> <dt>Fruit</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></dd> <dt>Insect</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Papilio_buddha" title="Papilio buddha">Papilio buddha</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Kerala" title="List of taluks of Kerala">Taluks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alathur" title="Alathur">Alathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy" title="Chalakudy">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakkad" title="Chavakkad">Chavakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirayinkeezhu_taluk" title="Chirayinkeezhu taluk">Chirayinkeezhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittur-Thathamangalam" title="Chittur-Thathamangalam">Chittur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eranad_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Eranad Taluk">Eranad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosdurg_taluk" title="Hosdurg taluk">Hosdurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki" class="mw-redirect" title="Idukki">Idukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iritty_taluk" title="Iritty taluk">Iritty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanayannur" title="Kanayannur">Kanayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_taluk" title="Kannur taluk">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthikappally" title="Karthikappally">Karthikappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunagappalli" title="Karunagappalli">Karunagappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_taluk" title="Kasaragod taluk">Kasaragod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattakada" title="Kattakada">Kattakada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_taluk" title="Kollam taluk">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondotty_taluk" title="Kondotty taluk">Kondotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Kerala" title="Kothamangalam, Kerala">Kothamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam" title="Kunnamkulam">Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathur,_Kerala" title="Kunnathur, Kerala">Kunnathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttanad" title="Kuttanad">Kuttanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mananthavady" title="Mananthavady">Mananthavady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeshwaram_taluk" title="Manjeshwaram taluk">Manjeshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannarkkad" title="Mannarkkad">Mannarkkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenachil" title="Meenachil">Meenachil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundapuram_Taluk" title="Mukundapuram Taluk">Mukundapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangad_taluk" title="Nedumangad taluk">Nedumangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara_taluk" title="Neyyattinkara taluk">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur_taluk" title="Paravur taluk">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottapalam" title="Ottapalam">Ottapalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattambi" title="Pattambi">Pattambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyanur_taluk" title="Payyanur taluk">Payyanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna_taluk" title="Perinthalmanna taluk">Perinthalmanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani_taluk" title="Ponnani taluk">Ponnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Bathery" title="Sultan Bathery">Sultan Bathery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliparamba_taluk" title="Taliparamba taluk">Taliparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalapilly" title="Thalapilly">Thalapilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla">Thiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Taluk" title="Thiruvananthapuram Taluk">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur_Taluk" title="Tirur Taluk">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirurangadi_Taluk_Office" title="Tirurangadi Taluk Office">Tirurangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udumbanchola" title="Udumbanchola">Udumbanchola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellarikundu_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellarikundu Taluk">Vellarikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vythiri" title="Vythiri">Vythiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_Kerala" title="List of municipal corporations in Kerala">Municipal corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Corporation" title="Thiruvananthapuram Corporation">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kozhikode Municipal Corporation">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kollam Municipal Corporation">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Thrissur Municipal Corporation">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kannur Municipal Corporation">Kannur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Kerala">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthoor" title="Anthoor">Anthoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy" title="Chalakudy">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakkad" title="Chavakkad">Chavakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittur-Thathamangalam" title="Chittur-Thathamangalam">Chittur-Thathamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloor" title="Eloor">Eloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irinjalakuda" title="Irinjalakuda">Irinjalakuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iritty" title="Iritty">Iritty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpetta" title="Kalpetta">Kalpetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanhangad" title="Kanhangad">Kanhangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunagappalli" title="Karunagappalli">Karunagappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondotty" title="Kondotty">Kondotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuthuparamba" title="Kuthuparamba">Kuthuparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Kerala" title="Kothamangalam, Kerala">Kothamangalam, Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam" title="Kunnamkulam">Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeri" title="Manjeri">Manjeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maradu" title="Maradu">Maradu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattanur" title="Mattanur">Mattanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangad" title="Nedumangad">Nedumangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara" title="Neyyattinkara">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileshwaram" title="Nileshwaram">Nileshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottapalam" title="Ottapalam">Ottapalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala,_Kerala" title="Pala, Kerala">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoor" title="Panoor">Panoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parappanangadi" title="Parappanangadi">Parappanangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyanur" title="Payyanur">Payyanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna" title="Perinthalmanna">Perinthalmanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoranur" title="Shoranur">Shoranur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreekandapuram" title="Sreekandapuram">Sreekandapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliparamba" title="Taliparamba">Taliparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla">Thiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkakkara" title="Thrikkakkara">Thrikkakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur" title="Tirur">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirurangadi" title="Tirurangadi">Tirurangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valanchery" title="Valanchery">Valanchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Other towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edappal" title="Edappal">Edappal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thavanur" title="Thavanur">Thavanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthanathani" title="Puthanathani">Puthanathani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angadipuram" title="Angadipuram">Angadipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankada" title="Mankada">Mankada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttippuram" title="Kuttippuram">Kuttippuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karipur" title="Karipur">Karipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areekode" title="Areekode">Areekode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandoor,_Kerala" title="Wandoor, Kerala">Wandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengara,_Malappuram_district" title="Vengara, Malappuram district">Vengara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallikkunnu" title="Vallikkunnu">Vallikkunnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olavanna" title="Olavanna">Olavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamangalam" title="Kunnamangalam">Kunnamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvambady" title="Thiruvambady">Thiruvambady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodencheri" title="Kodencheri">Kodencheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balussery" title="Balussery">Balussery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perambra" title="Perambra">Perambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadapuram" title="Nadapuram">Nadapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttiady" title="Kuttiady">Kuttiady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkidi,_Wayanad" title="Lakkidi, Wayanad">Lakkidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vythiri" title="Vythiri">Vythiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chundale" title="Chundale">Chundale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meppadi" title="Meppadi">Meppadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottappadi_Part,_Meppadi" title="Kottappadi Part, Meppadi">Kottappadi Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttil,_Kalpetta" title="Muttil, Kalpetta">Muttil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padinharethara" title="Padinharethara">Padinharethara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenangadi" title="Meenangadi">Meenangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamaram" title="Panamaram">Panamaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpally" title="Pulpally">Pulpally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peravoor" title="Peravoor">Peravoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmadom" title="Dharmadom">Dharmadom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjarakkandy" title="Anjarakkandy">Anjarakkandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzhappilangad" title="Muzhappilangad">Muzhappilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhikode_and_Azhikkal" title="Azhikode and Azhikkal">Azhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherukunnu" title="Cherukunnu">Cherukunnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappinisseri" title="Pappinisseri">Pappinisseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalliasseri" title="Kalliasseri">Kalliasseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irikkur" title="Irikkur">Irikkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alakode,_Kannur_district" title="Alakode, Kannur district">Alakode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikaripur" title="Thrikaripur">Thrikaripur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheruvathur" title="Cheruvathur">Cheruvathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekal" title="Bekal">Bekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udma" title="Udma">Udma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellarikundu" title="Vellarikundu">Vellarikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parappa_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parappa (village)">Parappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadka" title="Karadka">Karadka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbla" title="Kumbla">Kumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalpady" title="Mangalpady">Mangalpady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppala" title="Uppala">Uppala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeshwar" title="Manjeshwar">Manjeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandiperiyar" title="Vandiperiyar">Vandiperiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajakkad" title="Rajakkad">Rajakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar">Munnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthencruz" title="Puthencruz">Puthencruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayattoor" title="Malayattoor">Malayattoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayamperoor" title="Udayamperoor">Udayamperoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varappuzha" title="Varappuzha">Varappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreemoolanagaram" title="Sreemoolanagaram">Sreemoolanagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumbassery" title="Nedumbassery">Nedumbassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala,_Kerala" title="Mala, Kerala">Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodakara" title="Kodakara">Kodakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthukkad" title="Puthukkad">Puthukkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaloor" title="Manaloor">Manaloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavaratty" title="Pavaratty">Pavaratty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelakkara" title="Chelakkara">Chelakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkencherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadakkencherry">Vadakkencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alathur" title="Alathur">Alathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemmara" title="Nemmara">Nemmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthunagaram" title="Puthunagaram">Puthunagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malampuzha" title="Malampuzha">Malampuzha</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Chathannoor" title="Chathannoor">Chathannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottiyam" title="Kottiyam">Kottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundara" title="Kundara">Kundara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neendakara" title="Neendakara">Neendakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavara" title="Chavara">Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oachira" title="Oachira">Oachira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasthamkotta" title="Sasthamkotta">Sasthamkotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathur,_Kerala" title="Kunnathur, Kerala">Kunnathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchal" title="Anchal">Anchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadakkal" title="Kadakkal">Kadakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenmala" title="Thenmala">Thenmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulathupuzha" title="Kulathupuzha">Kulathupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbanad" title="Kumbanad">Kumbanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranmula" title="Aranmula">Aranmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulanada" title="Kulanada">Kulanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omallur" title="Omallur">Omallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadasserikara" title="Vadasserikara">Vadasserikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannar,_Alappuzha" title="Mannar, Alappuzha">Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charummoodu" title="Charummoodu">Charummoodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mararikulam" title="Mararikulam">Mararikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroor" title="Aroor">Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erumely" title="Erumely">Erumely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakayam" title="Mundakayam">Mundakayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhoor" title="Vazhoor">Vazhoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukachal" title="Karukachal">Karukachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampady" title="Pampady">Pampady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthuppally,_Kottayam" title="Puthuppally, Kottayam">Puthuppally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuravilangad" title="Kuravilangad">Kuravilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhavoor" title="Uzhavoor">Uzhavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalayolaparambu" title="Thalayolaparambu">Thalayolaparambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduthuruthy" title="Kaduthuruthy">Kaduthuruthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kerala#Subdivisions" title="Kerala">Historical regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolathunadu" title="Kolathunadu">Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Malabar" title="South Malabar">South Malabar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venad_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad (kingdom)">Venad (kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore%E2%80%93Cochin" title="Travancore–Cochin">Travancore–Cochin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #9CC1A5; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 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