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parameters</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: optical parameters"> <meta name="keywords" content="optical parameters"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="optical parameters"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10167</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: optical parameters</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10167</span> Optical and Dielectric Properties of Self-Assembled 0D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Insulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kassou">S. Kassou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20El%20Mrabet"> R. El Mrabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Belaaraj"> A. Belaaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Guionneau"> P. Guionneau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hadi"> N. Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lamcharfi"> T. Lamcharfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite-like [C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> (PEA-ZnCl<sub>4</sub>) was synthesized by saturated solutions method. X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible transmittance, and capacitance meter measurements have been used to characterize the structure, the functional groups, the optical parameters, and the dielectric constants of the material. The material has a layered structure. The optical transmittance (T %) was recorded and applied to deduce the absorption coefficient (α) and optical band gap (Eg). The hybrid shows an insulator character with a direct band gap about 4.46 eV, and presents high dielectric constants up to a frequency of about 10<sup>5</sup> Hz, which suggests a ferroelectric behavior. The reported optical and dielectric properties can help to understand the fundamental properties of perovskite materials and also to be used for optimizing or designing new devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constants" title="dielectric constants">dielectric constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20band%20gap%20%28eg%29" title=" optical band gap (eg)"> optical band gap (eg)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters" title=" optical parameters"> optical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly%20organic%20inorganic%20hybrid" title=" self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid"> self-assembly organic inorganic hybrid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237/optical-and-dielectric-properties-of-self-assembled-0d-hybrid-organic-inorganic-insulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10166</span> Study and Analysis of Optical Intersatellite Links</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boudene%20Maamar">Boudene Maamar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Mai"> Xu Mai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical Intersatellite Links (OISLs) are wireless communications using optical signals to interconnect satellites. It is expected to be the next generation wireless communication technology according to its inherent characteristics like: an increased bandwidth, a high data rate, a data transmission security, an immunity to interference, and an unregulated spectrum etc. Optical space links are the best choice for the classical communication schemes due to its distinctive properties; high frequency, small antenna diameter and lowest transmitted power, which are critical factors to define a space communication. This paper discusses the development of free space technology and analyses the parameters and factors to establish a reliable intersatellite links using an optical signal to exchange data between satellites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20intersatellite%20links" title="optical intersatellite links">optical intersatellite links</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20wireless%20communications" title=" optical wireless communications"> optical wireless communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical%20communications" title=" free space optical communications"> free space optical communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20wireless%20communication" title=" next generation wireless communication"> next generation wireless communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46827/study-and-analysis-of-optical-intersatellite-links" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10165</span> Soliton Interaction in Multi-Core Optical Fiber: Application to WDM System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Arun%20Prakash">S. Arun Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Malathi"> V. Malathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Mani%20Rajan"> M. S. Mani Rajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analytical bright two soliton solution of the 3-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients in birefringent optical fiber is obtained by Darboux transformation method. To the design of ultra-speed optical devices, Soliton interaction and control in birefringence fiber is investigated. Lax pair is constructed for N coupled NLS system through AKNS method. Using two soliton solution, we demonstrate different interaction behaviors of solitons in birefringent fiber depending on the choice of control parameters. Our results shows that interactions of optical solitons have some specific applications such as construction of logic gates, optical computing, soliton switching, and soliton amplification in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20soliton" title="optical soliton">optical soliton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soliton%20interaction" title=" soliton interaction"> soliton interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soliton%20switching" title=" soliton switching"> soliton switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WDM" title=" WDM"> WDM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37276/soliton-interaction-in-multi-core-optical-fiber-application-to-wdm-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10164</span> Determination of Optical Constants of Semiconductor Thin Films by Ellipsometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%C3%AFssa%20Manallah">Aïssa Manallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bouafia"> Mohamed Bouafia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ellipsometry is an optical method based on the study of the behavior of polarized light. The light reflected on a surface induces a change in the polarization state which depends on the characteristics of the material (complex refractive index and thickness of the different layers constituting the device). The purpose of this work is to determine the optical properties of semiconductor thin films by ellipsometry. This paper describes the experimental aspects concerning the semiconductor samples, the SE400 ellipsometer principle, and the results obtained by direct measurements of ellipsometric parameters and modelling using appropriate software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ellipsometry" title="ellipsometry">ellipsometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20constants" title=" optical constants"> optical constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductors" title=" semiconductors"> semiconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53464/determination-of-optical-constants-of-semiconductor-thin-films-by-ellipsometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10163</span> Enhancement of coupler-based delay line filters modulation techniques using optical wireless channel and amplifiers at 100 Gbit/s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Sisodiya">Divya Sisodiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepika%20Sipal"> Deepika Sipal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a relatively new technology in optical communication systems that allows for high-speed wireless optical communication. This research focuses on developing a cost-effective OWC system using a hybrid configuration of optical amplifiers. In addition to using EDFA amplifiers, a comparison study was conducted to determine which modulation technique is more effective for communication. This research examines the performance of an OWC system based on ASK and PSK modulation techniques by varying OWC parameters under various atmospheric conditions such as rain, mist, haze, and snow. Finally, the simulation results are discussed and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OWC" title="OWC">OWC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate" title=" bit error rate"> bit error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplitude%20shift%20keying" title=" amplitude shift keying"> amplitude shift keying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20shift%20keying" title=" phase shift keying"> phase shift keying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation" title=" attenuation"> attenuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplifiers" title=" amplifiers"> amplifiers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150218/enhancement-of-coupler-based-delay-line-filters-modulation-techniques-using-optical-wireless-channel-and-amplifiers-at-100-gbits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10162</span> The Effect of the Deposition Parameters on the Microstructural and Optical Properties of Mn-Doped GeTe Chalcogenide Materials </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Abdalla%20Elbashir%20Adam">Adam Abdalla Elbashir Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaomin%20Cheng"> Xiaomin Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Shui%20Miao"> Xiang Shui Miao </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the effect of the magnetron sputtering system parameters on the optical properties of the Mn doped GeTe were investigated. The optical properties of the Ge<sub>1-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>Te thin films with different thicknesses are determined by analyzing the transmittance and reflectance data. The energy band gaps of the amorphous Mn-doped GeTe thin films with different thicknesses were calculated. The obtained results demonstrated that the energy band gap values of the amorphous films are quite different and they are dependent on the films thicknesses. The extinction coefficients of amorphous Mn-doped GeTe thin films as function of wavelength for different thicknesses were measured. The results showed that the extinction coefficients of all films are varying inversely with their optical transmission. Moreover, the results emphasis that, not only the microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Mn doped GeTe thin films vary with the films thicknesses but also the optical properties differ with the film thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change%20magnetic%20materials" title="phase change magnetic materials">phase change magnetic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmittance" title=" transmittance"> transmittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorbance" title=" absorbance"> absorbance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extinction%20coefficients" title=" extinction coefficients"> extinction coefficients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48213/the-effect-of-the-deposition-parameters-on-the-microstructural-and-optical-properties-of-mn-doped-gete-chalcogenide-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10161</span> Effect of Manganese Doping Percentage on Optical Band Gap and Conductivity of Copper Sulphide Nano-Films Prepared by Electrodeposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Okafor">P. C. Okafor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Ekpunobi"> A. J. Ekpunobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mn doped copper sulphide (CuS:Mn) nano-films were deposited on indiums coated tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates using electrodeposition method. Electrodeposition was carried out using bath of PH = 3 at room temperature. Other depositions parameters such as deposition time (DT) are kept constant while Mn doping was varied from 3% to 23%. Absorption spectra of CuS:Mn films was obtained by using JENWAY 6405 UV-VIS -spectrophotometer. Optical band gap (E_g ), optical conductivity (σo) and electrical conductivity (σe) of CuS:Mn films were determined using absorption spectra and appropriate formula. The effect of Mn doping % on these properties were investigated. Results show that film thickness (t) for the 13.27 nm to 18.49 nm; absorption coefficient (α) from 0.90 x 1011 to 1.50 x 1011 optical band gap from 2.29eV to 2.35 eV; optical conductivity from 1.70 x 1013 and electrical conductivity from 160 millions to 154 millions. Possible applications of such films for solar cells fabrication and optoelectronic devices applications were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20sulphide%20%28CuS%29" title="copper sulphide (CuS)">copper sulphide (CuS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manganese%20%28Mn%29%20doping" title=" Manganese (Mn) doping"> Manganese (Mn) doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodeposition" title=" electrodeposition"> electrodeposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20band%20gap" title=" optical band gap"> optical band gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20conductivity" title=" optical conductivity"> optical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title=" electrical conductivity"> electrical conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19832/effect-of-manganese-doping-percentage-on-optical-band-gap-and-conductivity-of-copper-sulphide-nano-films-prepared-by-electrodeposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">722</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10160</span> Monitoring and Prediction of Intra-Crosstalk in All-Optical Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Jedidi">Ahmed Jedidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfer%20Mohammed%20Alshamrani"> Mesfer Mohammed Alshamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alwi%20Mohammad%20A.%20Bamhdi"> Alwi Mohammad A. Bamhdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical performance monitoring and optical network management are essential in building a reliable, high-capacity, and service-differentiation enabled all-optical network. One of the serious problems in this network is the fact that optical crosstalk is additive, and thus the aggregate effect of crosstalk over a whole AON may be more nefarious than a single point of crosstalk. As results, we note a huge degradation of the Quality of Service (QoS) in our network. For that, it is necessary to identify and monitor the impairments in whole network. In this way, this paper presents new system to identify and monitor crosstalk in AONs in real-time fashion. particular, it proposes a new technique to manage intra-crosstalk in objective to relax QoS of the network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-optical%20networks" title="all-optical networks">all-optical networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20crosstalk" title=" optical crosstalk"> optical crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20cross-connect" title=" optical cross-connect"> optical cross-connect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosstalk" title=" crosstalk"> crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20crosstalk" title=" monitoring crosstalk"> monitoring crosstalk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40796/monitoring-and-prediction-of-intra-crosstalk-in-all-optical-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10159</span> Optical Multicast over OBS Networks: An Approach Based on Code-Words and Tunable Decoders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Sliti">Maha Sliti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Abdallah"> Walid Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Boudriga"> Noureddine Boudriga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the frame of this work, we present an optical multicasting approach based on optical code-words. Our approach associates, in the edge node, an optical code-word to a group multicast address. In the core node, a set of tunable decoders are used to send a traffic data to multiple destinations based on the received code-word. The use of code-words, which correspond to the combination of an input port and a set of output ports, allows the implementation of an optical switching matrix. At the reception of a burst, it will be delayed in an optical memory. And, the received optical code-word is split to a set of tunable optical decoders. When it matches a configured code-word, the delayed burst is switched to a set of output ports. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20multicast" title="optical multicast">optical multicast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20burst%20switching%20networks" title=" optical burst switching networks"> optical burst switching networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20code-words" title=" optical code-words"> optical code-words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20decoder" title=" tunable decoder"> tunable decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20optical%20memory" title=" virtual optical memory"> virtual optical memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11614/optical-multicast-over-obs-networks-an-approach-based-on-code-words-and-tunable-decoders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10158</span> Influence of Thickness on Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Radio Frequency (RF) Sputtering Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abdullahi">S. Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Momoh"> M. Momoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20U.%20Isah"> K. U. Isah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films of 75.5 nm and 130.5 nm were deposited at room temperature onto chemically and ultrasonically cleaned corning glass substrate by radio frequency technique and annealed at 150°C under nitrogen atmosphere for 60 minutes. The optical properties of the films were ascertained by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry. Influence of the thickness of the films on the optical properties was studied keeping other deposition parameters constant. The optical transmittance spectra reveal a maximum transmittance of 81.49% and 84.26% respectively. The band gap of the films is found to be direct allowed transition and decreases with the increase in thickness of the films. The band gap energy (Eg) is in the range of 3.28 eV to 3.31 eV, respectively. These thin films are suitable for solar cell applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20constants" title="optical constants">optical constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20sputtering" title=" RF sputtering"> RF sputtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urbach%20energy" title=" Urbach energy"> Urbach energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide%20thin%20film" title=" zinc oxide thin film"> zinc oxide thin film</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10863/influence-of-thickness-on-optical-properties-of-zno-thin-films-prepared-by-radio-frequency-rf-sputtering-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10157</span> Polydimethylsiloxane Applications in Interferometric Optical Fiber Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeenat%20Parveen">Zeenat Parveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashiq%20Hussain"> Ashiq Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This review paper consists of applications of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) materials for enhanced performance, optical fiber sensors in acousto-ultrasonic, mechanical measurements, current applications, sensing, measurements and interferometric optical fiber sensors. We will discuss the basic working principle of fiber optic sensing technology, various types of fiber optic and the PDMS as a coating material to increase the performance. Optical fiber sensing methods for detecting dynamic strain signals, including general sound and acoustic signals, high frequency signals i.e. ultrasonic/ultrasound, and other signals such as acoustic emission and impact induced dynamic strain. Optical fiber sensors have Industrial and civil engineering applications in mechanical measurements. Sometimes it requires different configurations and parameters of sensors. Optical fiber current sensors are based on Faraday Effect due to which we obtain better performance as compared to the conventional current transformer. Recent advancement and cost reduction has simulated interest in optical fiber sensing. Optical techniques are also implemented in material measurement. Fiber optic interferometers are used to sense various physical parameters including temperature, pressure and refractive index. There are four types of interferometers i.e. Fabry–perot, Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, and Sagnac. This paper also describes the future work of fiber optic sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic%20sensing" title="fiber optic sensing">fiber optic sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS%20materials" title=" PDMS materials"> PDMS materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic" title=" acoustic"> acoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20sensor" title=" current sensor"> current sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20measurements" title=" mechanical measurements"> mechanical measurements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16171/polydimethylsiloxane-applications-in-interferometric-optical-fiber-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10156</span> Enhanced Constraint-Based Optical Network (ECON) for Enhancing OSNR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20R.%20Kavitha">G. R. Kavitha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Indumathi"> T. S. Indumathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the constantly rising demands of the multimedia services, the requirements of long haul transport network are constantly changing in the area of optical network. Maximum data transmission using optimization of the communication channel poses the biggest challenge. Although there has been a constant focus on this area from the past decade, there was no evidence of a significant result that has been accomplished. Hence, after reviewing some potential design of optical network from literatures, it was understood that optical signal to noise ratio was one of the elementary attributes that can define the performance of the optical network. In this paper, we propose a framework termed as ECON (Enhanced Constraint-based Optical Network) that primarily optimize the optical signal to noise ratio using ROADM. The simulation is performed in Matlab and optical signal to noise ratio is extracted considering the system matrix. The outcome of the proposed study shows that optimized OSNR as compared to the existing studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component" title="component">component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20network" title=" optical network"> optical network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20optical%20add-drop%20multiplexer" title=" reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer"> reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20signal-to-noise%20ratio" title=" optical signal-to-noise ratio"> optical signal-to-noise ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17847/enhanced-constraint-based-optical-network-econ-for-enhancing-osnr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10155</span> Fabrication of Optical Tissue Phantoms Simulating Human Skin and Their Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihoon%20Park">Jihoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungkon%20Yu"> Sungkon Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungjo%20Jung"> Byungjo Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although various optical tissue phantoms (OTPs) simulating human skin have been actively studied, their completeness is unclear because skin tissue has the intricate optical property and complicated structure disturbing the optical simulation. In this study, we designed multilayer OTP mimicking skin structure, and fabricated OTP models simulating skin-blood vessel and skin pigmentation in the skin, which are useful in Biomedical optics filed. The OTPs were characterized with the optical property and the cross-sectional structure, and analyzed by using various optical tools such as a laser speckle imaging system, OCT and a digital microscope to show the practicality. The measured optical property was within 5% error, and the thickness of each layer was uniform within 10% error in micrometer scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20vessel" title="blood vessel">blood vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20tissue%20phantom" title=" optical tissue phantom"> optical tissue phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20property" title=" optical property"> optical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20tissue" title=" skin tissue"> skin tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigmentation" title=" pigmentation"> pigmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389/fabrication-of-optical-tissue-phantoms-simulating-human-skin-and-their-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10154</span> All-Optical Function Based on Self-Similar Spectral Broadening for 2R Regeneration in High-Bit-Rate Optical Transmission Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Graini">Leila Graini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we demonstrate basic all-optical functions for 2R regeneration (Re-amplification and Re-shaping) based on self-similar spectral broadening in low normal dispersion and highly nonlinear fiber (ND-HNLF) to regenerate the signal through optical filtering including the transfer function characteristics, and output extinction ratio. Our approach of all-optical 2R regeneration is based on those of Mamyshev. The numerical study reveals the self-similar spectral broadening very effective for 2R all-optical regeneration; the proposed design presents high stability compared to a conventional regenerator using SPM broadening with reduction of the intensity fluctuations and improvement of the extinction ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-optical%20function" title="all-optical function">all-optical function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2R%20optical%20regeneration" title=" 2R optical regeneration"> 2R optical regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-similar%20broadening" title=" self-similar broadening"> self-similar broadening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamyshev%20regenerator" title=" Mamyshev regenerator"> Mamyshev regenerator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101178/all-optical-function-based-on-self-similar-spectral-broadening-for-2r-regeneration-in-high-bit-rate-optical-transmission-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10153</span> Radiative Reactions Analysis at the Range of Astrophysical Energies </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amar">A. Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the elastic scattering of protons on <sup>10</sup>B nuclei has been done in the framework of the optical model and single folding model at the beam energies up to 17 MeV. We could enhance the optical potential parameters using Esis88 Code, as well as SPI GENOA Code. Linear relationship between volume real potential (V<sub>0</sub>) and proton energy (E<sub>p</sub>) has been obtained. Also, surface imaginary potential W<sub>D</sub> is proportional to the proton energy (E<sub>p</sub>) in the range 0.400 and 17 MeV. The radiative reaction <sup>10</sup>B(p,γ)<sup>11</sup>C has been analyzed using potential model. A comparison between <sup>10</sup>B(p,γ)<sup>11</sup>C and <sup>6</sup>Li(p,γ)<sup>7</sup>Be has been made. Good agreement has been found between theoretical and experimental results in the whole range of energy. The radiative resonance reaction <sup>7</sup>Li(p,γ)<sup>8</sup>Be has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20scattering%20of%20protons%20on%2010B%20nuclei" title="elastic scattering of protons on 10B nuclei">elastic scattering of protons on 10B nuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20potential%20parameters" title=" optical potential parameters"> optical potential parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20model" title=" potential model"> potential model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiative%20reaction" title=" radiative reaction"> radiative reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88571/radiative-reactions-analysis-at-the-range-of-astrophysical-energies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10152</span> Characterization of Optical Communication Channels as Non-Deterministic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale">Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford"> Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasingly telecommunications sectors are adopting optical technologies, due to its ability to transmit large amounts of data over long distances. However, as in all systems of data transmission, optical communication channels suffer from undesirable and non-deterministic effects, being essential to know the same. Thus, this research allows the assessment of these effects, as well as their characterization and beneficial uses of these effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20communication" title="optical communication">optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title=" optical fiber"> optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-deterministic%20effects" title=" non-deterministic effects"> non-deterministic effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372/characterization-of-optical-communication-channels-as-non-deterministic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">788</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10151</span> Required SNR for PPM in Downlink Gamma-Gamma Turbulence Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selami%20%C5%9Eahin">Selami Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, in order to achieve sufficient bit error rate (BER) according to zenith angle of the satellite to ground station, SNR requirement is investigated utilizing pulse position modulation (PPM). To realize explicit results, all parameters such as link distance, Rytov variance, scintillation index, wavelength, aperture diameter of the receiver, Fried's parameter and zenith angle have been taken into account. Results indicate that after some parameters are determined since the constraints of the system, to achieve desired BER, required SNR values are in wide range while zenith angle changes from small to large values. Therefore, in order not to utilize high link margin, either SNR should adjust according to zenith angle or link should establish with predetermined intervals of the zenith angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Free-space%20optical%20communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20downlink%20channel" title=" optical downlink channel"> optical downlink channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20turbulence" title=" atmospheric turbulence"> atmospheric turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20optical%20communication" title=" wireless optical communication"> wireless optical communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31718/required-snr-for-ppm-in-downlink-gamma-gamma-turbulence-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10150</span> Study of the Optical Illusion Effects of Color Contrasts on Body Image Perception</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hadj%20Taieb">A. Hadj Taieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ennouri"> H. Ennouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aimed to investigate the effect that optical illusion garments have on a woman’s self-perception of her own body shape. First, we created different optical illusion garment by using color contrasts. Second, a short survey based on visual perception is addressed to women in order to compare the different optical illusion garments to determine if they met the established 'ideal' body shape. A ‘visual analysis method’ was used to investigate the clothing models with optical illusions. The theories in relation with the optical illusion were used through this method. The effects of the optical illusion of color contrast on body shape in the fashion sector were tried to be revealed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20illusion" title="optical illusion">optical illusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20contrasts" title=" color contrasts"> color contrasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20image%20perception" title=" body image perception"> body image perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-esteem" title=" self-esteem"> self-esteem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77953/study-of-the-optical-illusion-effects-of-color-contrasts-on-body-image-perception" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10149</span> Optical and Double Folding Analysis for 6Li+16O Elastic Scattering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Elrahman%20Elgamala">Abd Elrahman Elgamala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Darwish"> N. Darwish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bondouk"> I. Bondouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Hamada"> Sh. Hamada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Available experimental angular distributions for <sup>6</sup>Li elastically scattered from <sup>16</sup>O nucleus in the energy range 13.0–50.0 MeV are investigated and reanalyzed using optical model of the conventional phenomenological potential and also using double folding optical model of different interaction models: DDM3Y1, CDM3Y1, CDM3Y2, and CDM3Y3. All the involved models of interaction are of M3Y Paris except DDM3Y1 which is of M3Y Reid and the main difference between them lies in the different values for the parameters of the incorporated density distribution function <em>F</em>(ρ). We have extracted the renormalization factor <strong><em>N<sub>R</sub></em> </strong>for <sup>6</sup>Li+<sup>16</sup>O nuclear system in the energy range 13.0–50.0 MeV using the aforementioned interaction models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20scattering" title="elastic scattering">elastic scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20model" title=" optical model"> optical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folding%20potential" title=" folding potential"> folding potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20distribution" title=" density distribution"> density distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132435/optical-and-double-folding-analysis-for-6li16o-elastic-scattering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10148</span> Wavelength Conversion of Dispersion Managed Solitons at 100 Gbps through Semiconductor Optical Amplifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadam%20Bhambri">Kadam Bhambri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neena%20Gupta"> Neena Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All optical wavelength conversion is essential in present day optical networks for transparent interoperability, contention resolution, and wavelength routing. The incorporation of all optical wavelength convertors leads to better utilization of the network resources and hence improves the efficiency of optical networks. Wavelength convertors that can work with Dispersion Managed (DM) solitons are attractive due to their superior transmission capabilities. In this paper, wavelength conversion for dispersion managed soliton signals was demonstrated at 100 Gbps through semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical filter. The wavelength conversion was achieved for a 1550 nm input signal to1555nm output signal. The output signal was measured in terms of BER, Q factor and system margin.     <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all%20optical%20wavelength%20conversion" title="all optical wavelength conversion">all optical wavelength conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20managed%20solitons" title=" dispersion managed solitons"> dispersion managed solitons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20optical%20amplifier" title=" semiconductor optical amplifier"> semiconductor optical amplifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20gain%20modultation" title=" cross gain modultation"> cross gain modultation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46267/wavelength-conversion-of-dispersion-managed-solitons-at-100-gbps-through-semiconductor-optical-amplifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10147</span> Optical Whitening of Textiles: Teaching and Learning Materials </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Kan">C. W. Kan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the results of optical whitening process of different textiles such as cotton, wool and polyester. The optical whitening agents used are commercially available products, and the optical whitening agents were applied to the textiles with manufacturers’ suggested methods. The aim of this study is to illustrate the proper application methods of optical whitening agent to different textiles and hence to provide guidance note to the students in learning this topic. Acknowledgment: Authors would like to thank the financial support from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University for this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20materials" title="learning materials">learning materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20whitening%20agent" title=" optical whitening agent"> optical whitening agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wool" title=" wool"> wool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester" title=" polyester"> polyester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60216/optical-whitening-of-textiles-teaching-and-learning-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10146</span> Magnetic and Optical Properties of Quaternary GaFeMnN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouadjemi">B. Bouadjemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.Benstaali"> W.Benstaali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) is used to calculate the magnetic and optical properties of quaternary GaFeMnN. The results show that the compound becomes magnetic and half metallic and there is an apparition of peaks at low frequencies for the optical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title="optical properties">optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title=" DFT"> DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spintronic" title=" Spintronic"> Spintronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave" title=" wave "> wave </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19957/magnetic-and-optical-properties-of-quaternary-gafemnn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10145</span> Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of LiₓNa1-ₓH for Hydrogen Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bahloul">B. Bahloul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the structural, electronic, and optical properties of LiH and NaH compounds, as well as their ternary mixed crystals LiₓNa1-ₓH, adopting a face-centered cubic structure with space group Fm-3m (number 225). The structural and electronic characteristics are examined using density functional theory (DFT), while empirical methods, specifically the modified Moss relation, are employed for analyzing optical properties. The exchange-correlation potential is determined through the generalized gradient approximation (PBEsol-GGA) within the density functional theory (DFT) framework, utilizing the projected augmented wave pseudopotentials (PAW) approach. The Quantum Espresso code is employed for conducting these calculations. The calculated lattice parameters at equilibrium volume and the bulk modulus for x=0 and x=1 exhibit good agreement with existing literature data. Additionally, the LiₓNa1-ₓH alloys are identified as having a direct band gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural" title=" structural"> structural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic" title=" electronic"> electronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183801/structural-electronic-and-optical-properties-of-lina1-h-for-hydrogen-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10144</span> High Efficiency Achievement by a New Heterojunction N-Zno:Al/P-Si Solar Cell </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouloufa">A. Bouloufa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Khaled"> F. Khaled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Djessas"> K. Djessas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new structure of solar cell based on p-type microcrystalline silicon as an absorber and n-type aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) transparent conductive oxide as an optical window. The ZnO:Al layer deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering at room temperature yields a low resistivity about 7,64.10-2Ω.cm and more than 85% mean optical transmittance in the VIS–NIR range, with an optical band gap of 3.3 eV. These excellent optical properties of this layer in combination with an optimal contact at the front surface result in a superior light trapping yielding to efficiencies about 20%. In order to improve efficiency, we have used a p+-µc-Si thin layer highly doped as a back surface field which minimizes significantly the impact of rear surface recombination velocity on voltage and current leading to a high efficiency of 24%. Optoelectronic parameters were determined using the current density-voltage (J-V) curve by means of a numerical simulation with Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS-1D) device simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20window" title="optical window">optical window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14184/high-efficiency-achievement-by-a-new-heterojunction-n-znoalp-si-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10143</span> Special Single Mode Fiber Tests of Polarization Mode Dispersion Changes in a Harsh Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Bohata">Jan Bohata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislav%20Zvanovec"> Stanislav Zvanovec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matej%20Komanec"> Matej Komanec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Jaros"> Jakub Jaros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Hruby"> David Hruby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even though there is a rapid development in new optical networks, still optical communication infrastructures remain composed of thousands of kilometers of aging optical cables. Many of them are located in a harsh environment which contributes to an increased attenuation or induced birefringence of the fibers leading to the increase of polarization mode dispersion (PMD). In this paper, we report experimental results from environmental optical cable tests and characterization in the climate chamber. We focused on the evaluation of optical network reliability in a harsh environment. For this purpose, a special thermal chamber was adopted, targeting to the large temperature changes between -60 °C and 160 C° with defined humidity. Single mode optical cable 230 meters long, having six tubes and a total number of 72 single mode optical fibers was spliced together forming one fiber link, which was afterward tested in the climate chamber. The main emphasis was put to the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) changes, which were evaluated by three different PMD measuring methods (general interferometry technique, scrambled state-of-polarization analysis and polarization optical time domain reflectometer) in order to fully validate obtained results. Moreover, attenuation and chromatic dispersion (CD), as well as the PMD, were monitored using 17 km long single mode optical cable. Results imply a strong PMD dependence on thermal changes, imposing the exceeding 200 % of its value during the exposure to extreme temperatures and experienced more than 20 dB insertion losses in the optical system. The derived statistic is provided in the paper together with an evaluation of such as optical system reliability, which could be a crucial tool for the optical network designers. The environmental tests are further taken in context to our previously published results from long-term monitoring of fundamental parameters within an optical cable placed in a harsh environment in a special outdoor testbed. Finally, we provide a correlation between short-term and long-term monitoring campaigns and statistics, which are necessary for optical network safety and reliability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber" title="optical fiber">optical fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization%20mode%20dispersion" title=" polarization mode dispersion"> polarization mode dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harsh%20environment" title=" harsh environment"> harsh environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67340/special-single-mode-fiber-tests-of-polarization-mode-dispersion-changes-in-a-harsh-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10142</span> Electronic and Optical Properties of Li₂S Antifluorite Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Bahloul">Brahim Bahloul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khatir%20Babesse"> Khatir Babesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzedine%20Dkhira"> Azzedine Dkhira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yacine%20Bahloul"> Yacine Bahloul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalila%20Hammoutene"> Dalila Hammoutene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate with ab initio calculations some structural and optoelectronic properties of Li₂S compound. The structural and electronic properties of the Li₂S antifluorite structure have been studied by first-principles calculations within the density functional theory (DFT), whereas the optical properties have been obtained using empirical relationships such as the modified Moss relation. Our calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical calculations. The electronic band structures and density of states were obtained. The anti-fluorite Li₂S present an indirect band gap of 3.388 eV at equilibrium. The top of the valence bands reflects the p electronic character for both structures. The calculated energy gaps and optical constants are in good agreement with experimental measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ab%20initio%20calculations" title="Ab initio calculations">Ab initio calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifluorite" title=" antifluorite"> antifluorite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92204/electronic-and-optical-properties-of-li2s-antifluorite-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10141</span> Theoretical Investigations on Optical Properties of GaFeMnN Quaternary Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Bentounes">H. A. Bentounes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using first principles calculations based on the density functional theory and local spin density approximation, we investigate optical properties of GaFeMnN quaternary compound. Results show that optical properties confirm that GaFeMnN can be a good candidate in the design of thin ﬁlm solar cells in the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum, and a good sensor in the infrared <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title="GaN">GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20absorption" title=" optical absorption"> optical absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-metallic" title=" semi-metallic"> semi-metallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20function" title=" dielectric function"> dielectric function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10495/theoretical-investigations-on-optical-properties-of-gafemnn-quaternary-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10140</span> Electronic and Optical Properties of Orthorhombic NdMnO3 with the Modified Becke-Johnson Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouadjemi">B. Bouadjemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lantri"> T. Lantri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zitouni"> A. Zitouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Cherid"> S. Cherid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of the orthorhombic NdMnO3 through density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations using both generalized gradient approximation GGA and GGA+U approaches, the exchange and correlation effects are taken into account by an orbital independent modified Becke Johnson (MBJ). The predicted band gaps using the MBJ exchange approximation show a significant improvement over previous theoretical work with the common GGA and GGA+U very closer to the experimental results. Band gap dependent optical parameters like dielectric constant, index of refraction, absorption coefficient, reflectivity and conductivity are calculated and analyzed. We find that when using MBJ we have obtained better results for band gap of NdMnO3 than in the case of GGA and GGA+U. The values of band gap founded in this work by MBJ are in a very good agreement with corresponding experimental values compared to other calculations. This comprehensive theoretical study of the optoelectronic properties predicts that this material can be effectively used in optical devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20coefficient" title=" absorption coefficient"> absorption coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20correlation" title=" strong correlation"> strong correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBJ" title=" MBJ"> MBJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthorhombic%20NdMnO3" title=" orthorhombic NdMnO3"> orthorhombic NdMnO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronic" title=" optoelectronic"> optoelectronic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15712/electronic-and-optical-properties-of-orthorhombic-ndmno3-with-the-modified-becke-johnson-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">909</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10139</span> Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratio Monitoring Based on Delay Tap Sampling Using Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Wang">Feng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shencheng%20Ni"> Shencheng Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuying%20Han"> Shuying Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanhong%20You"> Shanhong You</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the development of optical communication, optical performance monitoring (OPM) has received more and more attentions. Since optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is directly related to bit error rate (BER), it is one of the important parameters in optical networks. Recently, artificial neural network (ANN) has been greatly developed. ANN has strong learning and generalization ability. In this paper, a method of OSNR monitoring based on delay-tap sampling (DTS) and ANN has been proposed. DTS technique is used to extract the eigenvalues of the signal. Then, the eigenvalues are input into the ANN to realize the OSNR monitoring. The experiments of 10 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on–off keying (OOK), 20 Gb/s pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) and 20 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) systems are demonstrated for the OSNR monitoring based on the proposed method. The experimental results show that the range of OSNR monitoring is from 15 to 30 dB and the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) for 10 Gb/s NRZ-OOK, 20 Gb/s PAM4 and 20 Gb/s RZ-DPSK systems are 0.36 dB, 0.45 dB and 0.48 dB respectively. The impact of chromatic dispersion (CD) on the accuracy of OSNR monitoring is also investigated in the three experimental systems mentioned above. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network%20%28ANN%29" title="artificial neural network (ANN)">artificial neural network (ANN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20dispersion%20%28CD%29" title=" chromatic dispersion (CD)"> chromatic dispersion (CD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay-tap%20sampling%20%28DTS%29" title=" delay-tap sampling (DTS)"> delay-tap sampling (DTS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20signal-to-noise%20ratio%20%28OSNR%29" title=" optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)"> optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126931/optical-signal-to-noise-ratio-monitoring-based-on-delay-tap-sampling-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10138</span> Attenuation Scale Calibration of an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Terra">Osama Terra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Hussein"> Hatem Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calibration of Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is crucial for the accurate determination of loss budget for long optical fiber links. In this paper, the calibration of the attenuation scale of an OTDR using two different techniques is discussed and implemented. The first technique is the external modulation method (EM). A setup is proposed to calibrate an OTDR over a dynamic range of around 15 dB based on the EM method. Afterwards, the OTDR is calibrated using two standard reference fibers (SRF). Both SRF are calibrated using cut-back technique; one of them is calibrated at our home institute (the National Institute of Standards – NIS) while the other at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) of the United Kingdom to confirm our results. In addition, the parameters contributing the calibration uncertainty are thoroughly investigated. Although the EM method has several advantages over the SRF method, the uncertainties in the SRF method is found to surpass that of the EM method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20time%20domain%20reflectometer" title="optical time domain reflectometer">optical time domain reflectometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20attenuation%20measurement" title=" fiber attenuation measurement"> fiber attenuation measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTDR%20calibration" title=" OTDR calibration"> OTDR calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20source%20method" title=" external source method"> external source method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56989/attenuation-scale-calibration-of-an-optical-time-domain-reflectometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20parameters&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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