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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ancient times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Imperial times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Recent times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Upper_reaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_reaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Upper reaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_reaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_reaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_reaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Middle reaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_reaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lower_reaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_reaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Lower reaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_reaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tributaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Tributaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydroelectric_power_dams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydroelectric_power_dams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hydroelectric power dams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydroelectric_power_dams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Crossings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fauna subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Fish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aquaculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aquaculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Aquaculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aquaculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 144 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelrivier" title="Geelrivier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geelrivier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelber_Fluss" title="Gelber Fluss – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gelber Fluss" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A2%E1%8C%AB%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9D" title="ቢጫው ወንዝ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቢጫው ወንዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="النهر الأصفر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النهر الأصفر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Amariello" title="Río Amariello – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Río Amariello" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="হোৱাংহো নদী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হোৱাংহো নদী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Mariellu" title="Ríu Mariellu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Mariellu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysyry_Sa%27yju" title="Ysyry Sa'yju – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ysyry Sa'yju" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huanhe" title="Huanhe – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Huanhe" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="ساری چای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ساری چای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukad_Kuning" title="Tukad Kuning – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tukad Kuning" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="হুয়াংহো নদী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হুয়াংহো নদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4ng-h%C3%B4" title="Hông-hô – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hông-hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B" title="ह्वांग हो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ह्वांग हो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Giyaw" title="Salog Giyaw – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Salog Giyaw" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Хуанхъ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хуанхъ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gejba_Fluss" title="Gejba Fluss – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gejba Fluss" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="རྨ་ཆུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྨ་ཆུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDuta_rijeka" title="Žuta rijeka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Žuta rijeka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%AAr_Velen" title="Stêr Velen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stêr Velen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Шара мүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шара мүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_Groc" title="Riu Groc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riu Groc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River_(suba_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Yellow River (suba sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yellow River (suba sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDlut%C3%A1_%C5%99eka" title="Žlutá řeka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žlutá řeka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_He" title="Huang He – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Huang He" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_Gule_Flod" title="Den Gule Flod – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den Gule Flod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="لواد الصفر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لواد الصفر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelber_Fluss" title="Gelber Fluss – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gelber Fluss" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollane_j%C3%B5gi" title="Kollane jõgi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kollane jõgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Κίτρινος Ποταμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίτρινος Ποταμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Amarillo" title="Río Amarillo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Amarillo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flava_Rivero" title="Flava Rivero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flava Rivero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibai_Horia" title="Ibai Horia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ibai Horia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="رود زرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رود زرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyar_Naddi" title="Piyar Naddi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Piyar Naddi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleuve_Jaune" title="Fleuve Jaune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fleuve Jaune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giele_Rivier" title="Giele Rivier – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Giele Rivier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Huaing-h%C3%B3" title="An Huaing-hó – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Huaing-hó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Amarelo" title="Río Amarelo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Amarelo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2ng-h%C3%B2" title="Vòng-hò – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vòng-hò" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%ED%95%98" title="황하 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황하" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yellow River" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%A5" title="Հուանհե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հուանհե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B" title="ह्वांगहो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ह्वांगहो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_He" title="Huang He – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Huang He" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flava_Rivero" title="Flava Rivero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Flava Rivero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayan_Duyaw" title="Karayan Duyaw – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karayan Duyaw" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Kuning" title="Sungai Kuning – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Kuning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvio_Jalne" title="Fluvio Jalne – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fluvio Jalne" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulaflj%C3%B3t" title="Gulafljót – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gulafljót" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiume_Giallo" title="Fiume Giallo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fiume Giallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91" title="הנהר הצהוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנהר הצהוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Kuning" title="Kali Kuning – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kali Kuning" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%CA%8At%CA%8A_P%C9%94%C9%94" title="Sʊtʊ Pɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sʊtʊ Pɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="ხუანხე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხუანხე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowr_Melyn" title="Dowr Melyn – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dowr Melyn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mto_Njano" title="Mto Njano – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mto Njano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87em%C3%AA_Zer" title="Çemê Zer – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çemê Zer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ແມ່ນ້ຳເຫຼືອງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແມ່ນ້ຳເຫຼືອງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flumen_Flavum" title="Flumen Flavum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Flumen Flavum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huanhe" title="Huanhe – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Huanhe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_He" title="Huang He – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Huang He" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangh%C4%97" title="Huanghė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Huanghė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Jala" title="Rio Jala – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rio Jala" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fium_Jald" title="Fium Jald – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fium Jald" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1rga-foly%C3%B3" title="Sárga-folyó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sárga-folyó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Жолта Река – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жолта Река" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_He" title="Huang He – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Huang He" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹ്വാംഗ് ഹെ നദി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹ്വാംഗ് ഹെ നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="ह्वांग हो नदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ह्वांग हो नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="ხუანხე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხუანხე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="النهر الاصفر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="النهر الاصفر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D9%88" title="هوانگهو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هوانگهو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Kuning" title="Sungai Kuning – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sungai Kuning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯪꯒꯥꯝꯄꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯪꯒꯥꯝꯄꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%B2ng-%C3%B2%CC%A4" title="Uòng-ò̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uòng-ò̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD_(%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="Шар мөрөн (Хатан гол) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шар мөрөн (Хатан гол)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="မြစ်ဝါမြစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြစ်ဝါမြစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gele_Rivier" title="Gele Rivier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gele Rivier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="पहेँलो नदी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पहेँलो नदी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="ह्वाङ्ग हो खुसि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ह्वाङ्ग हो खुसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黄河" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%BCl_Struum" title="Güül Struum – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Güül Struum" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_He" title="Huang He – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huang He" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangelva" title="Huangelva – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Huangelva" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvi_Jaune" title="Fluvi Jaune – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fluvi Jaune" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%80" title="ହଳଦିଆ ନଦୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହଳଦିଆ ନଦୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanxe" title="Xuanxe – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xuanxe" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B" title="ਹਵਾਂਗ ਹੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਵਾਂਗ ਹੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%DB%81%D9%88" title="دریائے ہوانگ ہو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے ہوانگ ہو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%84" title="ទន្លេហួង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទន្លេហួង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fium_Gi%C3%A0un" title="Fium Giàun – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fium Giàun" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gele_Stroom" title="Gele Stroom – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gele Stroom" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_He" title="Huang He – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Huang He" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Amarelo" title="Rio Amarelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Amarelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huanhe" title="Huanhe – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Huanhe" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluviul_Galben" title="Fluviul Galben – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fluviul Galben" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27illu_mayu" title="Q'illu mayu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'illu mayu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Хуанхэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хуанхэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हुआंग हे नदी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हुआंग हे नदी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi_Huang_He" title="Lumi Huang He – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumi Huang He" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%9F" title="කහ ගඟ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කහ ගඟ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yellow River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="پيلي ندي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيلي ندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDlt%C3%A1_rieka" title="Žltá rieka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Žltá rieka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumena_reka" title="Rumena reka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rumena reka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ڕووباری زەرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووباری زەرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Хуангхе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хуангхе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Ho" title="Huang Ho – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Huang Ho" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltainenjoki" title="Keltainenjoki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keltainenjoki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula_floden" title="Gula floden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gula floden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilog_Dilaw" title="Ilog Dilaw – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilog Dilaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="மஞ்சள் ஆறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மஞ்சள் ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jume_Gialle" title="Jume Gialle – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Jume Gialle" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanxe" title="Xuanxe – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Xuanxe" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B" title="హోయాంగ్ హో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హోయాంగ్ హో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="แม่น้ำหวง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำหวง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D2%B2%D0%B5_(%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%91)" title="Ҳуанг Ҳе (дарё) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳуанг Ҳе (дарё)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sar%C4%B1_Irmak" title="Sarı Irmak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sarı Irmak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Хуанхе – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хуанхе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="دریائے زرد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے زرد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سېرىق دەريا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سېرىق دەريا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahvangzhoz" title="Dahvangzhoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dahvangzhoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiume_Za%C5%82o" title="Fiume Zało – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fiume Zało" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huanhe" title="Huanhe – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Huanhe" 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salog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3" title="黃河 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黃河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A" title="געלער טייך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געלער טייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3" title="黃河 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黃河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royo_Zerd" title="Royo Zerd – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Royo Zerd" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geltuonuoj%C4%97_op%C4%97" title="Geltuonuojė opė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Geltuonuojė opė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黄河" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yellow_River&params=37.763_N_119.162_E_type:waterbody_region:CN-37_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°45′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">119°09′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.763°N 119.162°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.763; 119.162</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#move" title="This article is move-protected."><img alt="Page move-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Move-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Move-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Move-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Move-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Move-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Move-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Major river in China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other Yellow Rivers, see <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yellow River (disambiguation)">Yellow River (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Huang He" and "Huang River" redirect here. For the actor, see <a href="/wiki/Huang_He_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang He (actor)">Huang He (actor)</a>. For the Huai River tributary, see <a href="/wiki/Huang_River_(Huai_River_tributary)" title="Huang River (Huai River tributary)">Huang River (Huai River tributary)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Yellow River</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg/260px-Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg/390px-Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg/520px-Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4947" data-file-height="3057" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Yellow River in <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a>, Henan</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellowrivermap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Yellowrivermap.jpg/330px-Yellowrivermap.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Yellowrivermap.jpg/500px-Yellowrivermap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Yellowrivermap.jpg/960px-Yellowrivermap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="1571" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the Yellow River, whose watershed covers much of northern China</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 260px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="260" data-height="250" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_82c538dcfd2fa29f16d1d301e965cb629ec0471f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,260x250.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Yellow_River&revid=1281060561&groups=_82c538dcfd2fa29f16d1d301e965cb629ec0471f" width="260" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,260x250@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Yellow_River&revid=1281060561&groups=_82c538dcfd2fa29f16d1d301e965cb629ec0471f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄河</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Huánghé</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Har_Mountains" title="Bayan Har Mountains">Bayan Har Mountains</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Yushu Prefecture">Yushu Prefecture</a>, Qinghai</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yellow_River&params=34_29_31_N_96_20_25_E_region:CN-63"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°29′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°20′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.49194°N 96.34028°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.49194; 96.34028</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">4,800 m (15,700 ft)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kenli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenli District">Kenli District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a>, Shandong</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yellow_River&params=37.763_N_119.162_E_type:waterbody_region:CN-37_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°45′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">119°09′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.763°N 119.162°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.763; 119.162</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • elevation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">5,464 km (3,395 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basin size</th><td class="infobox-data">752,546 km<sup>2</sup> (290,560 sq mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,571 m<sup>3</sup>/s (90,800 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • minimum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,030 m<sup>3</sup>/s (36,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">58,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s (2,000,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tributaries</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • left</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen River</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • right</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tao_River" title="Tao River">Tao River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Yellow River</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:黃河">黃河</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:黄河">黄河</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Huánghé</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Huang<sup>2</sup> Ho<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[xwǎŋ xɤ̌]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/62\/Huanghe_pron.ogg\/Huanghe_pron.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Huanghe pron.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Huanghe_pron.ogg/Huanghe_pron.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Huanghe_pron.ogg" title="File:Huanghe pron.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Wån<sup>入</sup> Ghu<sup>平</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Wòhng Hòh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Wong4 Ho4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[wɔŋ˩ hɔ˩]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">N̂g Hô</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p>The <b>Yellow River</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, also known as <b>Huanghe</b>, is the second-longest river in China and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_length" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers by length">sixth-longest</a> river system on Earth, with an estimated length of 5,464 km (3,395 mi) and a <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watershed</a> of 795,000 km<sup>2</sup> (307,000 sq mi). Beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Har_Mountains" title="Bayan Har Mountains">Bayan Har Mountains</a>, the river flows generally eastwards before entering the 1,500 km (930 mi) long Ordos Loop, which runs northeast at <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Ordos_Plateau" title="Ordos Plateau">Ordos Plateau</a> and turns east in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>. The river then turns sharply southwards to form the border between <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, turns eastwards at its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a>, and flows across the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a> before emptying into the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a>. The river is named for the yellow color of its water, which comes from the large amount of sediment discharged into the water as the river flows through the <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yellow River basin was the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">ancient Chinese civilization</a>. According to traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Chinese historiography</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia dynasty</a> originated on its banks around 2100 BC; <a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qian</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Shiji" title="Shiji">Shiji</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 91 BC</span>) record that the Xia were founded after the tribes around the Yellow River united to combat the frequent floods in the area. The river has provided fertile soil for agriculture, but since then has flooded and changed course frequently, with one estimate counting 1,593 floods in the 2,540 years between 595 BC and 1946 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Treg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the Yellow River has been considered a blessing and a curse throughout history, and has been nicknamed both "China's Pride" and "China's Sorrow".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yellow River's basin presently has a population of 120 million people, while over 420 million people live in the immediate provinces which rely on it as a water source.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basin comprises 13 percent of China's cultivated land area.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area receives very uneven rainfall, only 2 percent of China's water runoff<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—water and sediment flow has decreased five-fold since the 1970s, and until recently, the river frequently did not reach the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2003, China has been working on the <a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93North_Water_Transfer_Project" title="South–North Water Transfer Project">South–North Water Transfer Project</a> to alleviate the strain on the river's water supply. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Yellow River was still somewhat clear, it was simply referred to as 'the river' (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">河</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a>: <span title="Old Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="och-Latn">*gâi</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Schuessler_2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuessler_2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Observations made at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yumenkou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yumenkou (page does not exist)">Yumenkou</a> gorge, where the river leaves the modern <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>, indicated the river changed to muddy sometime between 367 BC and 165 AD, according to chronicles' records.<sup id="cite_ref-Deng_2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deng_2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alternative names 'murky river' (<span lang="zh">濁河</span>, <span title="Old Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="och-Latn">*drôk-gâi</i></span>) and '(muddy) yellow river' (<span lang="zh">黃河</span>, <span title="Old Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="och-Latn">*gwâŋ-gâi</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Schuessler_2009_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schuessler_2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were attested in 145 BC<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 429 AD respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Yellow River fully replaces Murky River by the end of <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, for unclear reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> loess plateau, it is referred to as 'river, my lord' (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">老爺河</span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cjy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">[lo˦˩˨<span class="wrap"> </span>i˧<span class="wrap"> </span>xɤu̯˧]</a></span>) in the <a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, it is called <span title="Mongolian-language romanization"><i lang="mn-Latn">Šar mörön</i></span> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:Шар мөрөн">Шар мөрөн</a> 'yellow river')<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Khatan gol</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:Хатан гол">Хатан гол</a> 'queen river').<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Kul_Tigin_stele" class="mw-redirect" title="Kul Tigin stele">Kul Tigin stele</a> as the 'green river' (<a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic language">Old Turkic</a>: <i>yašïl ügüz</i>, 𐰖𐱁𐰞𐰽𐰺𐰍).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a> name is "River of the Peacock" (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:རྨ">རྨ</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BC%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:་">་</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:ཆུ">ཆུ</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: <i>rma.chu</i>, <a href="/wiki/THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription" title="THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription">THL</a>: <i>Ma chu</i>; <span lang="zh-Hans">玛曲</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">瑪曲</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Mǎ qǔ</span></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yellow River first formed sometime during the <a href="/wiki/Late_Miocene" title="Late Miocene">Late Miocene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:03_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> being uplifted.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:022_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamics">Dynamics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_flood_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yellow River flood (disambiguation)">Yellow River floods</a></div> <p>The river has long been critical to the development of northern China, and is regarded by scholars as a <a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization" title="Cradle of civilization">cradle of civilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flooding of the river has also caused much destruction, including multiple floods that have resulted in the deaths of over one million people. Among the deadliest were the <a href="/wiki/1344_Yellow_River_flood" title="1344 Yellow River flood">1344 Yellow River Flood</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1887_Yellow_River_flood" title="1887 Yellow River flood">1887 flood</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> which killed anywhere from 900,000 to 2 million people, and a <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China era">Republic of China era</a> 1931 flood (part of <a href="/wiki/1931_China_floods" title="1931 China floods">a massive number of floods that year</a>) that killed 1–4 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cause of the floods is the large amount of <a href="/wiki/Fine-grained" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine-grained">fine-grained</a> <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a> carried by the river from the <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>, which is continuously deposited along the bottom of its channel. The sedimentation causes natural dams to slowly accumulate. These subaqueous dams are unpredictable and generally undetectable. Eventually, the enormous amount of water needs to find a new way to the sea, forcing it to take the <a href="/wiki/Path_of_least_resistance" title="Path of least resistance">path of least resistance</a>. When this happens, it bursts out across the flat <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, sometimes taking a new channel and inundating most farmland, cities or towns in its path. </p><p>The traditional Chinese response of building higher and higher <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levees</a> along the banks sometimes also contributed to the severity of the floods: When flood water did break through the levees, it could no longer drain back into the river bed as it would after a normal flood, as the river bed was sometimes now higher than the surrounding countryside. These changes could cause the river's mouth to shift as much as 480 km (300 mi), sometimes reaching the ocean to the north of the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> and sometimes to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-Gascoigne_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gascoigne-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another historical source of devastating floods is the collapse of upstream <a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">ice dams</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> with an accompanying sudden release of vast quantities of impounded water. There have been 11 such major floods in the past century, each causing tremendous loss of life and property. Nowadays, explosives dropped from aircraft are used to break the ice dams before they become dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before modern <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dams</a> appeared in China, the Yellow River used to be extremely prone to flooding. In the 2,540 years from 595 BC to 1946 AD, the Yellow River has been reckoned to have flooded 1,593 times, shifting its course 26 times noticeably and nine times severely.<sup id="cite_ref-Treg_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These floods include some of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded. Before modern disaster management, when floods occurred, some of the population might initially die from drowning and many more would suffer later from the ensuing famine and spread of diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_times">Ancient times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River,_Qing_Dynasty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yellow_River%2C_Qing_Dynasty.jpg/225px-Yellow_River%2C_Qing_Dynasty.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yellow_River%2C_Qing_Dynasty.jpg/338px-Yellow_River%2C_Qing_Dynasty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yellow_River%2C_Qing_Dynasty.jpg/450px-Yellow_River%2C_Qing_Dynasty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>The Yellow River as depicted in a Qing dynasty illustrated map (sections)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png/225px-Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png/338px-Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png/450px-Yellow_River_watercourse_changes_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Historical courses of the Yellow River</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_course_changes.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yellow_River_course_changes.gif/250px-Yellow_River_course_changes.gif" decoding="async" width="225" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yellow_River_course_changes.gif/500px-Yellow_River_course_changes.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Historical courses of the Yellow River</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese mythology</a>, the giant <a href="/wiki/Kua_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kua Fu">Kua Fu</a> drained the Yellow River and the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a> to quench his burning thirst as he pursued the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historical documents from the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gernet_p59?_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gernet_p59?-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicate that the Yellow River at that time flowed considerably north of its present course. These accounts show that after the river passed <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, it flowed along the border between <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> Provinces, then continued along the border between <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> and Shandong before emptying into <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Bay" title="Bohai Bay">Bohai Bay</a> near present-day <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>. Another outlet followed essentially the present course.<sup id="cite_ref-Treg_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The river left these paths in 602 BC and shifted several hundred kilometers to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-Gernet_p59?_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gernet_p59?-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sabotage of dikes, canals, and reservoirs and deliberate flooding of rival states became a standard military tactic during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Floods_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Floods-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Yellow River valley was the major entryway to the <a href="/wiki/Guanzhong" title="Guanzhong">Guanzhong</a> area and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qin">state of Qin</a> from the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, Qin heavily fortified the <a href="/wiki/Hangu_Pass" title="Hangu Pass">Hangu Pass</a>; it saw numerous battles and was also an important chokepoint protecting the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. Major flooding in AD 11 is credited with the downfall of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a>, and another flood in AD 70 returned the river north of Shandong on essentially its present course.<sup id="cite_ref-Treg_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_times">Imperial times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Imperial times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Zuling.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ming_Zuling.png/250px-Ming_Zuling.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ming_Zuling.png/500px-Ming_Zuling.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1991" /></a><figcaption>The Yellow River and <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai</a> surrounding <a href="/wiki/Si_Prefecture_(Huai_valley)" class="mw-redirect" title="Si Prefecture (Huai valley)">Sizhou</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Zuling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Zuling">Ming Zuling</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Library_of_the_Four_Treasuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Complete Library of the Four Treasuries">Complete Library of the Four Treasuries</a></i> edition of <a href="/wiki/Pan_Jixun" title="Pan Jixun">Pan Jixun</a>'s <i>Overview of River Maintenance</i>. By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Qing-era" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing-era">Qing-era</a> edition, both had been entirely lost during the 1680 flood.</figcaption></figure> <p>From around the beginning of the 3rd century, the importance of the <a href="/wiki/Hangu_Pass" title="Hangu Pass">Hangu Pass</a> was reduced, with the major fortifications and military bases moved upriver to <a href="/wiki/Tong_Pass" title="Tong Pass">Tongguan</a>. In AD 923, the desperate <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> general <a href="/wiki/Duan_Ning" title="Duan Ning">Duan Ning</a> again broke the dikes, flooding 1,000 square miles (2,600 km<sup>2</sup>) in a failed attempt to protect his realm's capital from the <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a>. A similar proposal from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Song</a> engineer Li Chun concerning flooding the lower reaches of the river to protect the central plains from the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Khitai</a> was overruled in 1020: the <a href="/wiki/Chanyuan_Treaty" title="Chanyuan Treaty">Chanyuan Treaty</a> between the two states had explicitly forbidden the Song from establishing new moats or changing river courses.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedtime_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedtime-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Breaches occurred regardless: <a href="/wiki/1034_Yellow_River_flood" title="1034 Yellow River flood">one at Henglong in 1034</a> divided the course in three and repeatedly flooded the northern regions of <a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bozhou_(modern_Shandong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozhou (modern Shandong)">Bozhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedtime_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedtime-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Song worked for five years futilely attempting to restore the previous course – using over 35,000 employees, 100,000 conscripts, and 220,000 tons of wood and bamboo in a single year<sup id="cite_ref-Sedtime_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedtime-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – before abandoning the project in 1041. The more sluggish river then occasioned a breach at <a href="/wiki/Shanghu" title="Shanghu">Shanghu</a> that sent the main outlet north towards <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> in 1048.<sup id="cite_ref-Treg_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1128, Song troops under the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_Chong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Du Chong (page does not exist)">Du Chong</a> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:杜">杜</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:充">充</a></span></span>,</span> <i>Dù Chōng</i>, d.<span class="nowrap"> </span>1141) breached the southern dikes of the Yellow River in an effort to stop the advancing <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> army. The resulting major river <a href="/wiki/Avulsion_(river)" title="Avulsion (river)">avulsion</a> allowed the Yellow to <a href="/wiki/Stream_capture" title="Stream capture">capture</a> the <a href="/wiki/Si_River" title="Si River">Si</a> and other tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time in recorded history, the Yellow River shifted completely south of <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> and flowed into the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>. By 1194, the mouth of the Huai had been blocked.<sup id="cite_ref-R._Grousset_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._Grousset-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildup of silt deposits was such that even after the Yellow River later shifted its course, the Huai could no longer flow along its historic course, but instead, its water pools into <a href="/wiki/Hongze_Lake" title="Hongze Lake">Hongze Lake</a> and then runs southward toward the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A flood in <a href="/wiki/1344_Yellow_River_flood" title="1344 Yellow River flood">1344</a> returned the Yellow River south of Shandong. The <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> was waning, and the emperor forced enormous teams to build new embankments for the river. The terrible conditions helped to fuel rebellions that led to the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gascoigne_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gascoigne-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The course changed again in <a href="/wiki/1391_Yellow_River_flood" title="1391 Yellow River flood">1391</a> when the river flooded from <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fengyang_County" title="Fengyang County">Fengyang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>. It was finally stabilized by the eunuch Li Xing during the public works projects following the <a href="/wiki/1494_Yellow_River_flood" title="1494 Yellow River flood">1494 flood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eunuch_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eunuch-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river flooded many times in the 16th century, including in 1526, 1534, 1558, and 1587. Each flood affected the river's lower course.<sup id="cite_ref-eunuch_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eunuch-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma_Yuan_-_Water_Album_-_The_Yellow_River_Breaches_its_Course.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ma_Yuan_-_Water_Album_-_The_Yellow_River_Breaches_its_Course.jpg/220px-Ma_Yuan_-_Water_Album_-_The_Yellow_River_Breaches_its_Course.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ma_Yuan_-_Water_Album_-_The_Yellow_River_Breaches_its_Course.jpg/330px-Ma_Yuan_-_Water_Album_-_The_Yellow_River_Breaches_its_Course.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ma_Yuan_-_Water_Album_-_The_Yellow_River_Breaches_its_Course.jpg/440px-Ma_Yuan_-_Water_Album_-_The_Yellow_River_Breaches_its_Course.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption><i>The Yellow River Breaches its Course</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ma_Yuan_(painter)" title="Ma Yuan (painter)">Ma Yuan</a> (1160–1225, <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>). Flooding of the river has been the cause of millions of deaths.</figcaption></figure><p> The <a href="/wiki/1642_Yellow_River_flood" title="1642 Yellow River flood">1642 flood</a> was man-made, caused by the attempt of the Ming governor of Kaifeng to use the river to destroy the peasant rebels under <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> who had been besieging the city for the past six months.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He directed his men to break the dikes in an attempt to flood the rebels, but destroyed his own city instead: the flood and the ensuing famine and plague are estimated to have killed 300,000 of the city's previous population of 378,000.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The once-prosperous city was nearly abandoned until its rebuilding under the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. </p><p>The question of how aggressively flooding should be controlled, and whether it should be steered back to its original channels when it migrated, was a topic of controversy in the imperial court. Rival cliques made arguments based on budgetary, technical and strategic criteria. Geographer Charles Greer identifies two competing schools of thought on how to control the Yellow River. One, which he identifies as <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a>, advocated containing the river between higher levees, thus maximizing the amount of river basin land that could be cultivated. The other, which he associates with <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, favored lower levees separated by as much as 5–10 kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one particular long-running debate during the 11th century reigns of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Renzong of Song">Renzong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shenzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Shenzong of Song">Shenzong</a> emperors, when the river repeatedly broke its levees and migrated north and west, officials battled over whether expensive measures should be taken to return the river to its former channels. The Shenzong emperor ultimately decreed that the river be allowed to remain in its new course.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">flood control</a> techniques made use of <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revetment" title="Revetment">revetments</a> to absorb the energy of the water, overflow basins, drainage canals and <a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatises on traditional flood control techniques were written by officials such as <a href="/wiki/Pan_Jixun" title="Pan Jixun">Pan Jixun</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who argued that joining branches of the river increased the water's power and this in turn increased its ability to flush sediment.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The difficult situation around the confluence of the Yellow River, the Huai, and the Grand Canal, however, still led to a major flood of the regional center <a href="/wiki/Si_Prefecture_(Huai_valley)" class="mw-redirect" title="Si Prefecture (Huai valley)">Sizhou</a> and Pan's dismissal from court. Subsequently, the river's 1680 flood entirely submerged Sizhou and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Ming_Ancestors_Mausoleum" title="Ming Ancestors Mausoleum">Mausoleum to Ming Ancestors</a> beneath Hongze Lake for centuries until modern irrigation and flood control lowered the water level enough to permit their excavation and the tombs' restoration starting from the 1970s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_times">Recent times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recent times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1938_June_Yellow_River.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/1938_June_Yellow_River.gif/220px-1938_June_Yellow_River.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/1938_June_Yellow_River.gif/330px-1938_June_Yellow_River.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/1938_June_Yellow_River.gif/440px-1938_June_Yellow_River.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist Army">Chinese Nationalist Army</a> soldiers during the 1938 Yellow River flood.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1851_Yellow_River_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="1851 Yellow River flood">Between 1851 and 1855</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Treg_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-R._Grousset_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._Grousset-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eunuch_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eunuch-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Yellow River returned to the north amid the floods that provoked the <a href="/wiki/Nien_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nien Rebellion">Nien</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellions</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1887_Yellow_River_flood" title="1887 Yellow River flood">1887 flood</a> has been estimated to have killed between 900,000 and 2 million people,<sup id="cite_ref-internationalrivers.org_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internationalrivers.org-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_by_death_toll#Ten_deadliest_natural_disasters_by_highest_estimated_death_toll_excluding_epidemics_and_famines" title="List of natural disasters by death toll">second-worst natural disaster in history</a> (excluding famines and epidemics). The Yellow River more or less adopted its present course during the <a href="/wiki/1897_Yellow_River_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 Yellow River Flood">1897 flood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R._Grousset_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._Grousset-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1931_Yellow_River_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 Yellow River flood">1931 flood</a> killed an estimated 1,000,000 to 4,000,000,<sup id="cite_ref-internationalrivers.org_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internationalrivers.org-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the worst natural disaster recorded (excluding famines and epidemics). </p><p>On 9 June 1938, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Nationalist</a> troops under <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> <a href="/wiki/1938_Yellow_River_flood" title="1938 Yellow River flood">broke the levees</a> holding back the river near the village of <a href="/wiki/Huayuankou,_Henan" title="Huayuankou, Henan">Huayuankou</a> in Henan, causing what has been called by Canadian historian, Diana Lary, a "war-induced natural disaster". The goal of the operation was to stop the advancing Japanese troops by following a strategy of "using water as a substitute for soldiers". The <a href="/wiki/1938_Yellow_River_flood" title="1938 Yellow River flood">1938 flood</a> of an area covering 54,000 km<sup>2</sup> (20,800 sq mi) took some 500,000 to 900,000 Chinese lives, along with an unknown number of Japanese soldiers. The flood prevented the Japanese Army from taking <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, on the southern bank of the Yellow River, but did not stop them from reaching their goal of capturing <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, which was the temporary seat of the Chinese government and straddles the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, the People's Republic of China announced its General Plan to Fundamentally Control Yellow River Flood Disasters and Develop Yellow River Waterworks.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 111–113">: 111–113 </span></sup> It sought to address both flooding risks and to convert rainfall-fed fields of the North China Plain to irrigated agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 114">: 114 </span></sup> Construction began in earnest in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 114">: 114 </span></sup> </p><p>From the 1970s to the 1990s, the dry-up trends accelerated, with the Yellow River failing to reach its mouth for an average of approximately 180 days per year in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 168">: 168 </span></sup> In 1997, the Yellow River did not reach the sea for 226 consecutive days.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 168">: 168 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yellow_River" title="Special:EditPage/Yellow River">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B2%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B9%BE1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B2%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B9%BE1.JPG/220px-%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B2%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B9%BE1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B2%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B9%BE1.JPG/330px-%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B2%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B9%BE1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B2%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B9%BE1.JPG/440px-%E4%B9%9D%E6%9B%B2%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B9%BE1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zoig%C3%AA_County" title="Zoigê County">Zoigê County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YellowRiver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/YellowRiver.jpg/250px-YellowRiver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/YellowRiver.jpg/330px-YellowRiver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/YellowRiver.jpg/500px-YellowRiver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guide_County" title="Guide County">Guide County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>, upstream from the <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Yellow River basin has an east–west extent of about 1,900 kilometers (1,180 mi) and a north–south extent of about 1,100 km (680 mi). Its total <a href="/wiki/Drainage_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Drainage area">drainage area</a> is about 795,000 square kilometers (307,000 sq mi). </p><p>According to the China Exploration and Research Society,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the source of the Yellow River is at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yellow_River&params=34_29_31_N_96_20_25_E_region:CN-63"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°29′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°20′25″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.49194°N 96.34028°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.49194; 96.34028</span></span></span></a></span></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Har_Mountains" title="Bayan Har Mountains">Bayan Har Mountains</a> near the eastern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a>. The source tributaries drain into <a href="/wiki/Gyaring_Lake" title="Gyaring Lake">Gyaring Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ngoring_Lake" title="Ngoring Lake">Ngoring Lake</a> on the western edge of <a href="/wiki/Guoluo_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog Prefecture</a> high in the Bayan Har Mountains of <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>. In the Zoige Basin along the boundary with <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, the Yellow River loops northwest and then northeast before turning south, creating the "<a href="/wiki/Ordos_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordos Loop">Ordos Loop</a>", and then flows generally eastward across the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Gulf of Bohai</a>, draining a <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">basin</a> of 752,443 square kilometers (290,520 sq mi) which nourishes 140 million people with drinking water and irrigation.<sup id="cite_ref-video.nytimes.com_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-video.nytimes.com-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yellow River passes through seven present-day <a href="/wiki/Province_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province (China)">provinces</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">autonomous regions</a>, namely (from west to east) <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>. Major cities along the present course of the Yellow River include (from west to east) <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>. The current mouth of the Yellow River is located at <a href="/wiki/Kenli_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenli County">Kenli County</a>, Shandong. </p><p>The river is commonly divided into three stages. These are roughly the northeast of the mountainous <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ordos_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordos Loop">Ordos Loop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fishes_YR2015_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishes_YR2015-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, different scholars have different opinions on how the three stages are divided.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This article mainly adopts the division used by the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Conservancy_Commission" title="Yellow River Conservancy Commission">Yellow River Conservancy Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yellow River derived sediments have been transported out of the Bohai Sea, all way to the North Yellow Sea and South Yellow Sea, and formed a Distal Depocenter around the Shandong Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_reaches">Upper reaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Upper reaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yellow_River" title="Special:EditPage/Yellow River">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_river_-_A._Holdrinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Yellow_river_-_A._Holdrinet.jpg/250px-Yellow_river_-_A._Holdrinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Yellow_river_-_A._Holdrinet.jpg/330px-Yellow_river_-_A._Holdrinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Yellow_river_-_A._Holdrinet.jpg/340px-Yellow_river_-_A._Holdrinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Near <a href="/wiki/Xunhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xunhua">Xunhua</a>, Qinghai</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VM_6056_Liujiaxia_Town.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/VM_6056_Liujiaxia_Town.jpg/220px-VM_6056_Liujiaxia_Town.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/VM_6056_Liujiaxia_Town.jpg/330px-VM_6056_Liujiaxia_Town.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/VM_6056_Liujiaxia_Town.jpg/440px-VM_6056_Liujiaxia_Town.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liujiaxia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liujiaxia">Liujiaxia</a>, Gansu</figcaption></figure> <p>The upper reaches of the Yellow River constitute a segment starting from its source in the Bayan Har Mountains and ending at Hekou Town (<a href="/wiki/Togtoh_County" title="Togtoh County">Togtoh County</a>), <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> just before it turns sharply to the south. This segment has a total length of 3,472 kilometers (2,157 mi) and total basin area of 386,000 square kilometers (149,000 sq mi), 51.4% of the total basin area. Along this length, the elevation of the Yellow River drops 3,496 meters (11,470 ft), with an average <a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">grade</a> of 0.10%. </p><p>The source section flows mainly through pastures, swamps, and knolls between the <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Har_Mountains" title="Bayan Har Mountains">Bayan Har Mountains</a>, and the Anemaqen (<a href="/wiki/Amne_Machin" title="Amne Machin">Amne Machin</a>) Mountains in Qinghai. The river water is clear and flows steadily. Crystal clear lakes are characteristic of this section. The two main lakes along this section are Lake Gyaring (Zhaling) and Lake Ngoring (Eling), with capacities of 4.7 billion and 10.8 billion m<sup>3</sup> (166 and 381 billion ft<sup>3</sup>), respectively. At elevations over 4,290 m (14,070 ft) above sea level they are the two largest plateau freshwater lakes nationwide. A significant amount of land in the Yellow River's source area has been designated as the <a href="/wiki/Sanjiangyuan_National_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve">Sanjiangyuan ("'Three Rivers' Sources") National Nature Reserve</a>, to protect the source region of the Yellow River, the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a>. </p><p>Flowing east at the eastern edge of the Amne Machin Mountains, the Yellow River enters <a href="/wiki/Maqu_County" title="Maqu County">Maqu County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>. Here, the river skirts through the high-altitude peat bog known as the <a href="/wiki/Zoig%C3%AA_Marsh" title="Zoigê Marsh">Zoigê Wetlands</a> and makes a sharp turn towards the northwest forming the border between Maqu and <a href="/wiki/Zoig%C3%AA_County" title="Zoigê County">Zoigê County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>. Flowing now along the northern edge of Amne Machin, the river reenters Qinghai and gradually curves north towards the Longyang Gorge at <a href="/wiki/Xinghai_County" title="Xinghai County">Xinghai</a>. </p><p>The valley section stretches from Longyang Gorge in Qinghai to Qingtong Gorge in Gansu. Steep cliffs line both sides of the river. The water bed is narrow and the average drop is large, so the flow in this section is extremely turbulent and fast. There are 20 gorges in this section, the most famous of these being the <a href="/wiki/Longyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Longyang">Longyang</a>, Jishi, <a href="/wiki/Liujiaxia_Dam" title="Liujiaxia Dam">Liujia</a>, Bapan, and <a href="/wiki/Qingtong" title="Qingtong">Qingtong</a> gorges. The flow conditions in this section makes it the best location for <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> plants. The Yellow River exits Qinghai for the second and final time in these gorges and enters Gansu for the second time just before Liujia Gorge. Downstream from the Yanguo Gorge, the provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a> is built upon the Yellow River's banks. The Yellow River flows northeasterly out of Gansu and into <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a> before the Qingtong Gorge. </p><p>After emerging from the Qingtong Gorge, the river comes into a section of vast <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_plain" title="Alluvial plain">alluvial plains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan_Plain" title="Yinchuan Plain">Yinchuan Plain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hetao_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetao Plain">Hetao Plain</a>. In this section, the regions along the river are mostly deserts and grasslands, with very few tributaries. The flow is slow. The Hetao Plain has a length of 900 km (560 mi) and width of 30 to 50 km (19 to 31 mi). It is historically the most important irrigation plain along the Yellow River. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_reaches">Middle reaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Middle reaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ordos_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordos Loop">Ordos Loop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hetao" title="Hetao">Hetao</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landzhou_07-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Landzhou_07-2005.jpg/250px-Landzhou_07-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Landzhou_07-2005.jpg/330px-Landzhou_07-2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Landzhou_07-2005.jpg/500px-Landzhou_07-2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>At <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, Gansu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shapotou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shapotou.jpg/250px-Shapotou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shapotou.jpg/330px-Shapotou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Shapotou.jpg/500px-Shapotou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>At <a href="/wiki/Shapotou" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapotou">Shapotou</a>, Ningxia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qiankun_Bend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Qiankun_Bend.jpg/250px-Qiankun_Bend.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Qiankun_Bend.jpg/330px-Qiankun_Bend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Qiankun_Bend.jpg/500px-Qiankun_Bend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Qiankun bend in <a href="/wiki/Yonghe_County" title="Yonghe County">Yonghe County</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luoyang-most.przez.rzeke.LuoHe.przed.ujsciem.do.HuangHe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Luoyang-most.przez.rzeke.LuoHe.przed.ujsciem.do.HuangHe.jpg/220px-Luoyang-most.przez.rzeke.LuoHe.przed.ujsciem.do.HuangHe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Luoyang-most.przez.rzeke.LuoHe.przed.ujsciem.do.HuangHe.jpg/330px-Luoyang-most.przez.rzeke.LuoHe.przed.ujsciem.do.HuangHe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Luoyang-most.przez.rzeke.LuoHe.przed.ujsciem.do.HuangHe.jpg/440px-Luoyang-most.przez.rzeke.LuoHe.przed.ujsciem.do.HuangHe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3022" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>At <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, Henan</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ordos_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordos Loop">Ordos Loop</a> formed by an enormous twist of the Yellow River, beginning at <a href="/wiki/Zhongning_County" title="Zhongning County">Zhongning County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a> and ending with a drastic eastward turn at its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tongguan_County" title="Tongguan County">Tongguan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>. However, the official division for the middle reaches of the river run from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hekou,_Togtoh_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hekou, Togtoh County (page does not exist)">Hekou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Togtoh_County" title="Togtoh County">Togtoh County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>. The middle reaches are 1,206 km (749 mi) long, with a basin area of 344,000 square kilometers (133,000 sq mi), 45.7% of the total, with a total elevation drop of 890 m (2,920 ft), an average drop of 0.074%. There are 30 large tributaries along the middle reaches, and the water flow is increased by 43.5% on this stage. The middle reaches contribute 92% of the river's silts. </p><p>The middle stream of the Yellow River passes through the <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>, where substantial erosion takes place. The large amount of mud and sand discharged into the river makes the Yellow River the most <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a>-laden river in the world. The highest recorded annual level of silts discharged into the Yellow River is 3.91 billion tons in 1933. The highest silt concentration level was recorded in 1977 at 920 kg/m<sup>3</sup> (57.4 lb/ft<sup>3</sup>). These sediments later deposit in the slower lower reaches of the river, elevating the <a href="/wiki/River_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="River bed">river bed</a> and creating the famous "river above ground". From Hekou to Yumenkou, the river passes through the longest series of continuous valleys on its main course, collectively called the Jinshan Valley. The abundant hydrodynamic resources stored in this section make it the second most suitable area to build hydroelectric power plants. The famous <a href="/wiki/Hukou_Waterfall" title="Hukou Waterfall">Hukou Waterfall</a> is in the lower part of this valley on the border of <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_reaches">Lower reaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lower reaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the lower reaches, from <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> to its mouth, a distance of 786 km (488 mi), the river is confined to a <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a>-lined course as it flows to the northeast across the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a> before emptying into the <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a>. The basin area in this stage is only 23,000 square kilometers (8,900 sq mi), a mere 3% of the total, because few tributaries add to the flow in this stage; nearly all rivers to the south drain into the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a>, whereas those to the north drain into the <a href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai River</a>. The Huai River Basin, for example, is separated from the Yellow River Basin by the south dike of the Yellow River.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total drop in elevation of the lower reaches is 93.6 m (307 ft), with an average grade of 0.012%. </p><p>The silts received from the middle reaches form sediments here, elevating the river bed. Excessive sediment deposits have raised the riverbed several meters above the surrounding ground. That is why this part of the river is called <a href="/wiki/The_Earth_Suspended_River" title="The Earth Suspended River">the 'Earth Suspended River'</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, Henan, the Yellow River is 10 meters (33 ft) above the ground level.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tributaries">Tributaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tributaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5922-Daxia-River-fall-into-Liujiaxia-Reservoir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/5922-Daxia-River-fall-into-Liujiaxia-Reservoir.jpg/220px-5922-Daxia-River-fall-into-Liujiaxia-Reservoir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/5922-Daxia-River-fall-into-Liujiaxia-Reservoir.jpg/330px-5922-Daxia-River-fall-into-Liujiaxia-Reservoir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/5922-Daxia-River-fall-into-Liujiaxia-Reservoir.jpg/440px-5922-Daxia-River-fall-into-Liujiaxia-Reservoir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Daxia_River" title="Daxia River">Daxia River</a> (coming from bottom right), flowing into the Yellow River's <a href="/wiki/Liujiaxia_Reservoir" title="Liujiaxia Reservoir">Liujiaxia Reservoir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Linxia_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Linxia Prefecture">Linxia Prefecture</a>, Gansu</figcaption></figure> <p>Tributaries of the Yellow River listed from its source to its mouth include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_River_(China)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White River (China) (page does not exist)">White River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxia_River" title="Daxia River">Daxia River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_River" title="Tao River">Tao River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshui_River" title="Huangshui River">Huang Shui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Datong_River" title="Datong River">Datong River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanglang_River" title="Zhuanglang River">Zhuanglang River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuli_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuli River (page does not exist)">Zuli River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingshuihe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingshuihe River">Qingshui River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahei_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahei River (page does not exist)">Dahei River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuye_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuye River (page does not exist)">Kuye River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuding_River" title="Wuding River">Wuding River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei River</a> (the Wei River is the largest of these tributaries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Henan)" title="Luo River (Henan)">Luo River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_River_(Shanxi)" title="Qin River (Shanxi)">Qin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawen_River" title="Dawen River">Dawen River</a></li></ul> <p>The lower reaches of the Yellow River have no tributaries.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 168">: 168 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yellow_River" title="Special:EditPage/Yellow River">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_Delta_Animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Yellow_River_Delta_Animation.gif/220px-Yellow_River_Delta_Animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Yellow_River_Delta_Animation.gif/330px-Yellow_River_Delta_Animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Yellow_River_Delta_Animation.gif/440px-Yellow_River_Delta_Animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Expansion of the Yellow River Delta from 1989 to 2009 in five-year intervals.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_River_Delta.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yellow_River_Delta.jpeg/330px-Yellow_River_Delta.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yellow_River_Delta.jpeg/500px-Yellow_River_Delta.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yellow_River_Delta.jpeg/960px-Yellow_River_Delta.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="1357" /></a><figcaption>Yellow River Delta</figcaption></figure> <p>The Yellow River is notable for the large amount of <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> it carries—1.6 billion tons annually at the point where it descends from the <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>. If it is running to the sea with sufficient volume, 1.4 billion tons are carried to the sea per year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> One estimate gives 34 kilograms of silt per cubic meter, as opposed to 10 for the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a> and 1 for the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treg_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its average discharge is said to be 2,110 cubic meters per second (32,000 for the Yangtze), with a maximum of 25,000 and minimum of 245. However, since 1972, it often runs dry before it reaches the sea. The low volume is due to increased agricultural irrigation, increased by a factor of five since 1950. Water diverted from the river as of 1999 served 140 million people and irrigated 74,000 km<sup>2</sup> (29,000 sq mi) of land.<sup id="cite_ref-video.nytimes.com_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-video.nytimes.com-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yellow River delta totals 8,000 square kilometers (3,100 square miles). However, with the decrease in silt reaching the sea, it has been reported to be shrinking slightly each year since 1996 through erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest volume occurs during the rainy season from July to October, when 60% of the annual volume of the river flows. Maximum demand for irrigation is needed between March and June. In order to capture excess water for use when needed and for flood control and electricity generation, several dams have been built, but their expected life is limited due to the high silt load. A proposed <a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93North_Water_Transfer_Project" title="South–North Water Transfer Project">South–North Water Transfer Project</a> involves several schemes to divert water from the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a>: one in the western headwaters of the rivers where they are closest to one another, another from the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Han_River_(Hanshui)" class="mw-redirect" title="Han River (Hanshui)">Han River</a>, and a third using the route of the old <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Due to its heavy load of silt the Yellow River is a <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(geology)" title="Deposition (geology)">depositing</a> stream – that is, it deposits part of its carried burden of soil in its bed in stretches where it is flowing slowly. These deposits elevate the riverbed which flows between <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">natural levees</a> in its lower reaches. Should a flood occur, the river may break out of the levees into the surrounding lower flood plain and take a new channel. Historically this has occurred about once every hundred years. In modern times, considerable effort has been made to strengthen levees and control floods.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydroelectric_power_dams">Hydroelectric power dams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hydroelectric power dams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg/250px-6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg/330px-6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg/500px-6058-Liujiaxia-Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liujiaxia_Dam" title="Liujiaxia Dam">Liujiaxia Dam</a>, Gansu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smxgongcheng_zengmian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Smxgongcheng_zengmian.jpg/250px-Smxgongcheng_zengmian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Smxgongcheng_zengmian.jpg/330px-Smxgongcheng_zengmian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Smxgongcheng_zengmian.jpg/500px-Smxgongcheng_zengmian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia_Dam" title="Sanmenxia Dam">Sanmenxia Dam</a>, Henan</figcaption></figure> <p>Below is an incomplete list of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> power stations built on the Yellow River, arranged according to the first year of operation (in brackets): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia_Dam" title="Sanmenxia Dam">Sanmenxia Dam</a> (1960; <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a>, Henan)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanshenggong_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanshenggong Dam (page does not exist)">Sanshenggong Dam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E6%9E%A2%E7%BA%BD" class="extiw" title="zh:三盛公水利枢纽">zh</a>]</span> (1966; <a href="/wiki/Dengkou_County" title="Dengkou County">Dengkou County</a> <small>part of <a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></small>, Inner Mongolia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingtong_Gorge_Hydroelectric_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingtong Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station (page does not exist)">Qingtong Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="extiw" title="zh:青铜峡水库">zh</a>]</span> (1968; <a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a>, Ningxia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liujiaxia_Dam" title="Liujiaxia Dam">Liujiaxia Dam</a> (Liujia Gorge) (1974; <a href="/wiki/Yongjing_County" title="Yongjing County">Yongjing County</a>, Gansu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiaxia_Dam" title="Lijiaxia Dam">Lijiaxia Dam</a> (1997) (<a href="/wiki/Jainca_County" title="Jainca County">Jainca County</a>, Qinghai)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yanguoxia_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yanguoxia Dam (page does not exist)">Yanguoxia Dam</a> (Yanguo Gorge) hydroelectric power station (1975; Yongjing County, Gansu)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tianqiao_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tianqiao Dam (page does not exist)">Tianqiao Dam</a> (1977, Border at <a href="/wiki/Baode_County" title="Baode County">Baode County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fugu_County" title="Fugu County">Fugu County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bapanxia_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bapanxia Dam (page does not exist)">Bapanxia Dam</a> (Bapan Gorge) (1980; <a href="/wiki/Xigu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigu District">Xigu District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, Gansu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyangxia_Dam" title="Longyangxia Dam">Longyangxia Dam</a> (1992; <a href="/wiki/Gonghe_County" title="Gonghe County">Gonghe County</a>, Qinghai)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Gorge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Gorge (page does not exist)">Da Gorge</a> hydroelectric power station (1998, <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, Gansu)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Gorge_hydroelectric_power_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Gorge hydroelectric power station (page does not exist)">Li Gorge hydroelectric power station</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%B6%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="extiw" title="zh:李家峡水库">zh</a>]</span> (1999, <a href="/wiki/Hualong_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Hualong County">Hualong County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a>, Qinghai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanjiazhai_Dam" title="Wanjiazhai Dam">Wanjiazhai Dam</a> (1999; <a href="/wiki/Pianguan_County" title="Pianguan County">Pianguan County</a>, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaolangdi_Dam" title="Xiaolangdi Dam">Xiaolangdi Dam</a> (2001) (<a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, Henan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxiwa_Dam" title="Laxiwa Dam">Laxiwa Dam</a> (2010) (<a href="/wiki/Guide_County" title="Guide County">Guide County</a>, Qinghai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangqu_Dam" title="Yangqu Dam">Yangqu Dam</a> (2016) (<a href="/wiki/Xinghai_County" title="Xinghai County">Xinghai County</a>, Qinghai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maerdang_Dam" title="Maerdang Dam">Maerdang Dam</a> (2018) (<a href="/wiki/Maq%C3%AAn_County" title="Maqên County">Maqên County</a>, Qinghai)</li></ul> <p>As reported in 2000, the 7 largest hydro power plants (Longyangxia, Lijiaxia, Liujiaxia, Yanguoxia, Bapanxia, Daxia and Qinglongxia) had the total installed capacity of 5,618 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crossings">Crossings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Crossings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/450px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/675px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/900px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Major cities along the Yellow River</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_river_pontoon_bridge_jinan_2008_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yellow_river_pontoon_bridge_jinan_2008_05.jpg/220px-Yellow_river_pontoon_bridge_jinan_2008_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yellow_river_pontoon_bridge_jinan_2008_05.jpg/330px-Yellow_river_pontoon_bridge_jinan_2008_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yellow_river_pontoon_bridge_jinan_2008_05.jpg/440px-Yellow_river_pontoon_bridge_jinan_2008_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2042" data-file-height="1294" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">Pontoon bridge</a> (Luokou Pontoon Bridge <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8F%A3%E6%B5%AE%E6%A1%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:洛口浮桥">洛口浮桥</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">洛口浮橋</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Luòkǒu Fúqiáo</span></i>) over the Yellow River in <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, Shandong</figcaption></figure> <p>The main bridges and ferries by the province names in the order of downstream to upstream are:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongying_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongying Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Dongying Yellow River Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shengli_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shengli Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Shengli Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lijin_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lijin Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Lijin Yellow River Bridge</a> (Dongying)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binzhou_Yellow_River_Road-Railway_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binzhou Yellow River Road-Railway Bridge (page does not exist)">Binzhou Yellow River Road-Railway Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binzhou_Yellow_River_Highway_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge (page does not exist)">Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binzhou%E2%80%93Laiwu_Expressway_Binzhou_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binzhou–Laiwu Expressway Binzhou Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Binzhou–Laiwu Expressway Binzhou Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huiqing_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huiqing Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Huiqing Yellow River Bridge</a> (Binzhou–Zibo)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiyang_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiyang Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Jiyang Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G20_Qingdao%E2%80%93Yinchuan_Expressway_Jinan_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G20 Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressway Jinan Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">G20 Qingdao–Yinchuan Expressway Jinan Yellow River Bridge</a> (Jinan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Yellow_River_Bridge" title="Jinan Yellow River Bridge">Jinan Yellow River Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luokou_Yellow_River_Railway_Bridge" title="Luokou Yellow River Railway Bridge">Luokou Yellow River Railway Bridge</a> (Jinan)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan_Jianbang_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinan Jianbang Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Jinan Jianbang Yellow River Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_High-speed_Railway_Jinan_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway Jinan Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway Jinan Yellow River Bridge</a> (Jinan–<a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing%E2%80%93Taipei_Expressway_Jinan_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing–Taipei Expressway Jinan Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Beijing–Taipei Expressway Jinan Yellow River Bridge</a> (Jinan–Dezhou)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_Railway_Jinan_Yellow_River_New_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing–Shanghai Railway Jinan Yellow River New Bridge (page does not exist)">Beijing–Shanghai Railway Jinan Yellow River New Bridge</a> (Jinan–Dezhou)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingyin_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pingyin Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Pingyin Yellow River Bridge</a> (Jinan-<a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a>)</li></ul> <p>Shandong–<a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijing%E2%80%93Kowloon_Railway_Sunkou_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing–Kowloon Railway Sunkou Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Beijing–Kowloon Railway Sunkou Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a>–<a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juancheng_Yellow_River_Highway_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juancheng Yellow River Highway Bridge (page does not exist)">Juancheng Yellow River Highway Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a>–Puyang)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongming_Yellow_River_Highway_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongming Yellow River Highway Bridge (page does not exist)">Dongming Yellow River Highway Bridge</a> (Heze–Puyang)</li></ul> <p>Henan </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Kaifeng Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhengzhou_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhengzhou Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Zhengzhou Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>–Henan </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanmen_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanmen Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Sanmen Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>–Henan </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hancheng_Yumenkou_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hancheng Yumenkou Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Hancheng Yumenkou Yellow River Bridge</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yinchuan_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yinchuan Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Yinchuan Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baotou_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baotou Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Baotou Yellow River Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanzhou_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanzhou Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Lanzhou Yellow River Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Bridge" title="Zhongshan Bridge">Zhongshan Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dari_Yellow_River_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dari Yellow River Bridge (page does not exist)">Dari Yellow River Bridge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fish">Fish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DV_Paradise_fish_male_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/DV_Paradise_fish_male_03.jpg/220px-DV_Paradise_fish_male_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/DV_Paradise_fish_male_03.jpg/330px-DV_Paradise_fish_male_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/DV_Paradise_fish_male_03.jpg/440px-DV_Paradise_fish_male_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2503" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Paradise_fish" title="Paradise fish">paradise fish</a> is well known in the aquarium hobby and it originates from East Asian river basins, including the Yellow River</figcaption></figure> <p>The Yellow River basin is rich in fish, being the home of more than 160 native species in 92 <a href="/wiki/Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">genera</a> and 28 <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">families</a>, including 19 species found nowhere else in the world (<a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fishes_YR2015_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishes_YR2015-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, due to habitat loss, pollution, <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a> and overfishing many of the natives have declined or disappeared entirely; several are recognized as <a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">threatened</a> on China's Red List.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Watts2007_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watts2007-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dams and their reservoirs have increased the habitat for species of slow-moving and static waters, while it excluded species of flowing waters and prevented the up- and down-stream breeding <a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">migration</a> of others.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Watts2007_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watts2007-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2000s, only 80 native fish in 63 genera and 18 families were recorded in the Yellow River basin.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, introduced fish have risen in both abundance and number of species; only one introduced fish species was recorded in the 1960s when ichthyologist <a href="/wiki/Li_Sizhong_(ichthyologist)" title="Li Sizhong (ichthyologist)">Li Sizhong</a> published his original survey of fish fauna of the region, but by the 2000s there were 26.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As typical of Asian rivers, <a href="/wiki/Cyprinidae" title="Cyprinidae">Cyprinidae</a> is by far the most diverse family in the Yellow River basin. More than 85 cyprinids have been recorded in this basin, including species that still are present and species that no longer are present. Other highly diverse families are the <a href="/wiki/Nemacheilidae" title="Nemacheilidae">stone loaches</a> (more than 20 species), <a href="/wiki/Gobiidae" title="Gobiidae">gobies</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 15 species), <a href="/wiki/True_loach" class="mw-redirect" title="True loach">true loaches</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 species) and <a href="/wiki/Bagrid_catfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrid catfish">bagrid catfish</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 species).<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there are species found throughout much of the river, several have a more restricted range. For example, the uppermost, highest parts on the <a href="/wiki/Qinghai%E2%80%93Tibet_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinghai–Tibet Plateau">Qinghai–Tibet Plateau</a> has relatively few native species, notably snowtrout and allies (<i><a href="/wiki/Gymnocypris" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnocypris">Gymnocypris</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gymnodiptychus" title="Gymnodiptychus">Gymnodiptychus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Platypharodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Platypharodon">Platypharodon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Schizopygopsis" title="Schizopygopsis">Schizopygopsis</a></i>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Triplophysa" title="Triplophysa">Triplophysa</a></i> loaches.<sup id="cite_ref-Qi2016_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qi2016-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 18 endemics in the Yellow River basin, 12 are (or were) found in the upper part.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These in particular have become threatened and the fish fauna in many headwaters are now dominated by introduced <a href="/wiki/Salmonids" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmonids">salmonids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Qi2016_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qi2016-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the lowermost part of the river and its delta are home to many <a href="/wiki/Brackish" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackish">brackish</a> water or <a href="/wiki/Euryhaline" title="Euryhaline">euryhaline</a> species, like gobies (although there are also true freshwater gobies in the Yellow River), <a href="/wiki/Lateolabrax" title="Lateolabrax">Asian seabasses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Takifugu" title="Takifugu">Takifugu</a></i> pufferfish.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fishing remains an important activity, but catches have declined. In 2007, it was noted that 40% fewer fish were caught in the Yellow River compared to earlier catches.<sup id="cite_ref-Watts2007_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watts2007-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large cyprinids (<a href="/wiki/Asian_carp" title="Asian carp">Asian carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Predatory_carp" title="Predatory carp">predatory carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuchang_bream" title="Wuchang bream">Wuchang bream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_redfin" title="Mongolian redfin">Mongolian redfin</a>) and large catfish (<a href="/wiki/Amur_catfish" title="Amur catfish">Amur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silurus_lanzhouensis" title="Silurus lanzhouensis">Lanzhou catfish</a>) are still present, but the largest species, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_paddlefish" title="Chinese paddlefish">Chinese paddlefish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaluga_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaluga sturgeon">kaluga sturgeon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze sturgeon">Yangtze sturgeon</a>, have not been reported from the Yellow River basin in about 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fishes_YR2015_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishes_YR2015-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other species that support important fisheries include <a href="/wiki/White_Amur_bream" title="White Amur bream">white Amur bream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayu_sweetfish" title="Ayu sweetfish">ayu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siniperca_chuatsi" title="Siniperca chuatsi">mandarin fish</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Protosalanx" title="Protosalanx">Protosalanx</a></i> icefish, <a href="/wiki/Northern_snakehead" title="Northern snakehead">northern snakehead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_swamp_eel" title="Asian swamp eel">Asian swamp eel</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018_64-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Annual fishing ban has been implemented since 2018, covering the entire Yellow River basin from 1 April to 30 June each year.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total ban of fishing of natural fishes is being implemented in the upper reaches of the Yellow River starting 1 April 2022, covering <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> provinces, until the end of 2025. For the rest of the basin, the annual ban is extended to a period from 1 April to 31 July.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Aquaculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinemys_reevesii_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chinemys_reevesii_02.jpg/220px-Chinemys_reevesii_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chinemys_reevesii_02.jpg/330px-Chinemys_reevesii_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chinemys_reevesii_02.jpg/440px-Chinemys_reevesii_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3198" data-file-height="2131" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pond_turtle" title="Chinese pond turtle">Chinese pond turtle</a> (shown) and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_softshell_turtle" title="Chinese softshell turtle">Chinese softshell turtle</a> are both native to the Yellow River, but also <a href="/wiki/Turtle_farming" title="Turtle farming">farmed</a> in large numbers</figcaption></figure> <p>The Yellow River is generally less suitable for <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">aquaculture</a> than the rivers of central and southern China, such as the Yangtze or Pearl rivers, but aquaculture is also practiced in some areas along the Yellow River. An important aquaculture area is the riverside plain in <a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a>, upstream from Zhengzhou. Since the development of fish ponds started in Xingyang's riverside <a href="/wiki/Wangcun,_Xingyang" title="Wangcun, Xingyang">Wangcun</a> Town in 1986, the pond systems in Wangcun have grown to the total size of 15,000 <i><a href="/wiki/Mu_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu (unit)">mu</a></i> (10 km<sup>2</sup>), making the town the largest aquaculture center in north China.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two turtle species are native to the Yellow River basin: the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pond_turtle" title="Chinese pond turtle">Chinese pond turtle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_softshell_turtle" title="Chinese softshell turtle">Chinese softshell turtle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dijk2014_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dijk2014-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both species—but especially the softshell—are widely farmed for food.<sup id="cite_ref-Shi2008_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shi2008-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A variety of the Chinese softshell turtle popular in Chinese gourmets is called the Yellow River turtle (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄河鳖</span></span>). Nowadays most of the Yellow River turtles eaten in China's restaurants comes from <a href="/wiki/Turtle_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle farm">turtle farms</a>, which may or may not be near the Yellow River. In 2007, construction started in <a href="/wiki/Wangcun,_Xingyang" title="Wangcun, Xingyang">Wangcun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> on a large farm for raising this turtle variety. With the capacity for raising 5 million turtles a year, the facility was expected to become Henan's largest farm of this kind.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The huge, entirely aquatic <a href="/wiki/Chinese_giant_salamander" title="Chinese giant salamander">Chinese giant salamander</a>, a species that has declined drastically due primarily to persecution for food and traditional medicine, is native to the Yellow River and other Chinese rivers. It is farmed in large numbers in several parts of China and genetic studies have revealed that the captive stock mostly is of Yellow River origin. As these often are released back into the wild, the Yellow River type of the Chinese giant salamander has spread to other parts of China, which represents a problem to the other types.<sup id="cite_ref-Yan2018_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yan2018-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pollution">Pollution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Water pollution in China">Water pollution in China</a></div> <p>On 25 November 2008, Tania Branigan of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> filed a report "China's Mother River: the Yellow River", claiming that <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Water pollution in China">severe pollution</a> has made one-third of China's Yellow River unusable even for agricultural or industrial use, due to factory discharges and sewage from fast-expanding cities.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reaching the first major city, <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a>, the river is heavily polluted.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Conservancy_Commission" title="Yellow River Conservancy Commission">Yellow River Conservancy Commission</a> had surveyed more than 8,384 mi (13,493 km) of the river in 2007 and said 33.8% of the river system registered worse than "level five" according to the criteria used by the <a href="/wiki/UN_Environment_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Environment Program">UN Environment Program</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (March 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yellow_River#no_river_on_Earth_is_that_long" title="Talk:Yellow River">discuss</a></i>]</sup> Level five is unfit for drinking, aquaculture, industrial use, or even agriculture. The report said waste and sewage discharged into the system last year totaled 4.29b tons. Industry and manufacturing made up 70% of the discharge into the river with households accounting for 23% and just over 6% coming from other sources.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2011)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qikou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Qikou.jpg/450px-Qikou.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Qikou.jpg/675px-Qikou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Qikou.jpg/900px-Qikou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10958" data-file-height="4559" /></a><figcaption>Qikou town along Yellow River in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> Province</figcaption></figure> <p>A traditional belief was that the Yellow River flowed from <a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Heaven</a> as a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>. In a Chinese legend, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qian" title="Zhang Qian">Zhang Qian</a> is said to have been commissioned to find the source of the Yellow River. After sailing up-river for many days, he saw a <a href="/wiki/The_Cowherd_and_the_Weaver_Girl" title="The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl">girl spinning and a cow herd</a>. Upon asking the girl where he was, she presented him with her <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">shuttle</a> with instructions to show it to the astrologer Yan Junping (嚴君平). When he returned, the astrologer recognized it as the shuttle of the Weaving Girl (<a href="/wiki/Vega" title="Vega">Vega</a>), and, moreover, said that at the time Zhang received the shuttle, he had seen a <a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">wandering star</a> interpose itself between the Weaving Girl and the cow herd (<a href="/wiki/Altair" title="Altair">Altair</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-CBDChangChenchou_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBDChangChenchou-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The provinces of <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> derive their names from the Yellow River. Their names mean, respectively, "North of the River" and "South of the River", although the border between them historically has never been stable, and currently the border between Hebei and Henan is not the Yellow River, but the <a href="/wiki/Zhang_River" title="Zhang River">Zhang River</a> instead. </p> <dl><dt>Mother river, China's Sorrow, and cradle of Chinese civilization.</dt></dl> <p>Traditionally, it is believed that the Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River basin. The Chinese refer to the river as "the Mother River" and "the cradle of the Chinese civilization". During the long <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">history of China</a>, the Yellow River has been considered a blessing as well as a curse and has been nicknamed both "China's Pride" and "China's Sorrow".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the twentieth-century, the river became a symbol of the rising Chinese nation in the face of Western and Japanese imperialism.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>River of disaster</dt></dl> <p>Despite the Yellow River having a central role in the development of Chinese civilization on the North China Plain, flooding and constant rerouting of the river has also caused many great disaster to populations along the river, hence it is also known as a River of disaster (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">灾难河</span>), with the disasters brought by the River said as history of disaster in the development of Chinese civilization, and the management of the Yellow River has been a great political trouble to various Chinese dynasties throughout history since ancient time.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>When the Yellow River flows clear</dt></dl> <p>Sometimes the Yellow River is poetically called the "Muddy Flow" (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:濁">濁</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:流">流</a></span>; <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:浊">浊</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:流">流</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhuó Liú</span></i>). The Chinese idiom "when the Yellow River flows clear" is used to refer to an event that will never happen and is similar to the English expression "when pigs fly".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>"The Yellow River running clear" was reported as a good omen during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a>, along with the appearance of such auspicious legendary beasts as <i><a href="/wiki/Qilin" title="Qilin">qilin</a></i> (an African giraffe brought to China by a <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> embassy aboard <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>'s ships in 1414) and <i><a href="/wiki/Zouyu" title="Zouyu">zouyu</a></i> (not positively identified) and other strange natural phenomena.<sup id="cite_ref-duy_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duy-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plain_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plain (China)">Central Plain (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Bo" class="mw-redirect" title="He Bo">He Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers in China">List of rivers in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-polluted_rivers" title="List of most-polluted rivers">List of most-polluted rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_University_of_Water_Conservancy_and_Electric_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power">North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_of_China" title="Water resources of China">Water resources of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Cantata" title="Yellow River Cantata">Yellow River Cantata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_flood_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yellow River flood (disambiguation)">Yellow River floods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_management" title="Yellow River management">Yellow River management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Map" title="Yellow River Map">Yellow River Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Delta_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve">Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Piano_Concerto" title="Yellow River Piano Concerto">Yellow River Piano Concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Red River (disambiguation)">Red River (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:02-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMosternHorne2021" class="citation book cs1">Mostern, Ruth; Horne, Ryan M. (2021). <i>The Yellow River: A Natural and Unnatural History</i>. Yale University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23833-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23833-4"><bdi>978-0-300-23833-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1vbd1d8">j.ctv1vbd1d8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yellow+River%3A+A+Natural+and+Unnatural+History&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv1vbd1d8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-300-23833-4&rft.aulast=Mostern&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Horne%2C+Ryan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treg_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treg_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treg_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treg_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treg_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treg_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treg_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tregear, T. R. (1965) <i>A Geography of China</i>, pp. 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheng, Linsun and Brown, Kerry (2009) <i>Berkshire encyclopedia of China</i>, Berkshire, p. 1125 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9770159-4-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9770159-4-8">978-0-9770159-4-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCardasciaPanella2023" class="citation web cs1">Cardascia, Silvia; Panella, Tom (October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/915266/adb-brief-260-water-security-yellow-river-basin.pdf">"Achieving Water Security in the Yellow River Basin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ADB Briefs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ADB+Briefs&rft.atitle=Achieving+Water+Security+in+the+Yellow+River+Basin&rft.date=2023-10&rft.aulast=Cardascia&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft.au=Panella%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublication%2F915266%2Fadb-brief-260-water-security-yellow-river-basin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLi2022" class="citation web cs1">Li, Guangyong (October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/54027-002-ld-02.pdf">"People's Republic of China: Yellow River Basin Green Farmland and High-Quality Agriculture Development Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>NAREE International Limited (Hong Kong)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NAREE+International+Limited+%28Hong+Kong%29&rft.atitle=People%27s+Republic+of+China%3A+Yellow+River+Basin+Green+Farmland+and+High-Quality+Agriculture+Development+Project&rft.date=2022-10&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Guangyong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flinked-documents%2F54027-002-ld-02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://n-h-i.org/programs/restoring-natural-functions-in-developed-river-basins/mekong-river-basin/yellow-river/#:~:text=Ten%20large%20dams%20on%20the,entire%20length%20to%20the%20sea.">"Yellow River"</a>. <i>n-h-i.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=n-h-i.org&rft.atitle=Yellow+River&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fn-h-i.org%2Fprograms%2Frestoring-natural-functions-in-developed-river-basins%2Fmekong-river-basin%2Fyellow-river%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTen%2520large%2520dams%2520on%2520the%2Centire%2520length%2520to%2520the%2520sea.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuessler_2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schuessler_2009_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schuessler_2009_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchuessler2009" class="citation book cs1">Schuessler, Axel (2009). <i>Minimal Old Chinese and later Han Chinese: a companion to Grammata serica recensa</i>. University of Hawaiʻi Press. pp. 79, 158, 210. <q>§3-23, §11-12, §18-1</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minimal+Old+Chinese+and+later+Han+Chinese%3A+a+companion+to+Grammata+serica+recensa&rft.pages=79%2C+158%2C+210&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Schuessler&rft.aufirst=Axel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deng_2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deng_2015_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deng_2015_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeng2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Deng Chunqin (邓春琴) (2015). <bdi lang="zh">黄河命名再探析</bdi>. <bdi lang="zh">西华师范大学学报哲学社会科学版</bdi> (in Chinese) (5): <span class="nowrap">40–</span>42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E5%86%8D%E6%8E%A2%E6%9E%90&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Deng&rft.aufirst=Chunqin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSima1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qian (司馬遷)</a> (1982) [145 BC]. <bdi lang="zh">高祖本紀</bdi> [Basic Annals of Gaozu]. <a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian"> <bdi lang="zh">史記</bdi></a> [<i>Records of the Grand Historian</i>] (in Literary Chinese). 中华书局. <bdi lang="zh">夫齊，東有瑯邪、即墨之饒，南有泰山之固，西有濁河之限，北有勃海之利</bdi></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%80&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Sima&rft.aufirst=Qian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span>. As cited in <a href="#CITEREFDeng2015">Deng 2015</a>, pp. 40–42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sima Qian (author), Burton Watson (translator). (1971). <i>Records Of The Grand Historian Of China: Translated from the Shih-chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien</i>, "Vol. I". New York: Columbia University Press. p. 109. quote: "But the lands of <a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Ch'i</a> too has its rich fields in <a href="/wiki/Langya_Commandery" title="Langya Commandery">Lang-ya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Chi-mo</a> in the east, the fastnesses of <a href="/wiki/Mount_T%27ai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount T'ai">Mount T'ai</a> in the south, in the west the banks of the <b>muddy Yellow River</b>, and in the north the resources of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Pohai" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Pohai">Gulf of Pohai</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li_2004-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Li_2004_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Li_2004_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Li_2004_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLi2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li Chuanjun (李传军) (2004). <bdi lang="zh">黄河之名始于汉代</bdi> [The Appellation of the Yellow River Originated from Western Han]. <bdi lang="zh">中国科学史料</bdi> (in Chinese). <b>25</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">330–</span>332.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8D%E5%A7%8B%E4%BA%8E%E6%B1%89%E4%BB%A3&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E330-%3C%2Fspan%3E332&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Chuanjun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHargett2021" class="citation journal cs1">Hargett, James (April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp312_chinese_place_names.pdf">"Anchors of Stability: Place-Names in Early China"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sino-Platonic Papers</i> (312): 10 of 2–41<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sino-Platonic+Papers&rft.atitle=Anchors+of+Stability%3A+Place-Names+in+Early+China&rft.issue=312&rft.pages=10+of+2-41&rft.date=2021-04&rft.aulast=Hargett&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsino-platonic.org%2Fcomplete%2Fspp312_chinese_place_names.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">王念孫 (Wang Niansun) (1831); 《讀書雜志》 (<i>Miscellaneous Reading Notes</i>), "vol. 6". quote: (使黃河如帶泰山若厲念孫案黃字乃後入所加欲以黃河對泰山耳不知西漢以前無謂河為黃河者且此誓皆以四字為句也); Peking University Library's copy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=gb&file=32283&page=96">p. 96</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChenWu2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chen Jianmei (陈健梅); Wu Yechun (伍野春) (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wx.httpcn.com/info/html/2006410/PWRNRNTBTB.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">裴松之及其《三国志注》研究述评</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">中国史研究动态</bdi> (in Chinese) (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E8%A3%B4%E6%9D%BE%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%97%E6%B3%A8%E3%80%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%BF%B0%E8%AF%84&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Jianmei&rft.au=Wu%2C+Yechun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwx.httpcn.com%2Finfo%2Fhtml%2F2006410%2FPWRNRNTBTB.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCai2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cai Yu (蔡瑜) (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/public/publications/bulletin/38/38-1-41.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">陶淵明的吾廬意識與園田世界</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <bdi lang="zh">中國文哲研究集</bdi> (in Chinese) (38): 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%99%B6%E6%B7%B5%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%BE%E5%BB%AC%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E8%88%87%E5%9C%92%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Cai&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.litphil.sinica.edu.tw%2Fpublic%2Fpublications%2Fbulletin%2F38%2F38-1-41.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchüssler2007" class="citation book cs1">Schüssler, Axel (2007). <i>ABC etymological dictionary of old Chinese</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʿi Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">266–</span>267, 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-824-82975-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-824-82975-9"><bdi>978-0-824-82975-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ABC+etymological+dictionary+of+old+Chinese&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E266-%3C%2Fspan%3E267%2C+285&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%CA%BFi+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-824-82975-9&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCssler&rft.aufirst=Axel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXingWang2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Xing Xiangdong (邢向东); Wang Zhaofu (王兆富) (2014). <bdi lang="zh">吴堡方言调查研究</bdi>. Zhonghua shuju. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%90%B4%E5%A0%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Zhonghua+shuju&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Xing&rft.aufirst=Xiangdong&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhaofu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYang2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yang Wenyan (杨文岩) (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yjjwh.com/show.asp?id=1067"><bdi lang="zh">麟州杨氏家族兴起过程中在当地活动过的知名地方</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">古麟州与杨家将</bdi> (in Chinese). Shaanxi renmin chubanshe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E9%BA%9F%E5%B7%9E%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B4%E8%B5%B7%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%A8%E5%BD%93%E5%9C%B0%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%A5%E5%90%8D%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E9%BA%9F%E5%B7%9E%E4%B8%8E%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B0%86&rft.pub=Shaanxi+renmin+chubanshe&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Wenyan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yjjwh.com%2Fshow.asp%3Fid%3D1067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBawden1997" class="citation book cs1">Bawden, Charles (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cULYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA537"><i>Mongolian–English Dictionary</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 537 and 593. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136155888" title="Special:BookSources/9781136155888"><bdi>9781136155888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mongolian%E2%80%93English+Dictionary&rft.pages=537+and+593&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781136155888&rft.aulast=Bawden&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcULYAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtwood1996" class="citation journal cs1">Atwood, Christopher P. (1996). "Buddhism and Popular Ritual in Mongolian Religion: A Reexamination of the Fire Cult". <i>History of Religions</i>. <b>36</b> (2): 126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F463455">10.1086/463455</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162394887">162394887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Religions&rft.atitle=Buddhism+and+Popular+Ritual+in+Mongolian+Religion%3A+A+Reexamination+of+the+Fire+Cult&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=126&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F463455&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162394887%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Atwood&rft.aufirst=Christopher+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitig.kz/?lang=e&mod=2&bid=3&les=10">the Kultegin stele (side I), line 17</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWangHuSaitoNi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Xin; Hu, Gang; Saito, Yoshiki; Ni, Guanzhong; Hu, Han; Yu, Ziying; Chen, Jingping; Wang, Mi; Yuan, Xiaoping; Wang, Lei; Hu, Zhenbo; Nie, Junsheng; Pan, Baotian (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095927322002365#:~:text=The%20incision%20of%20the%20Sanmen,Plateau%20to%20global%20climate%20change.">"Did the modern Yellow River form at the Mid-Pleistocene transition?"</a>. <i>Science Bulletin</i>. <b>67</b> (15): <span class="nowrap">1603–</span>1610. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022SciBu..67.1603W">2022SciBu..67.1603W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scib.2022.06.003">10.1016/j.scib.2022.06.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36546288">36546288</a> – via Elsevier Science Direct.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Did+the+modern+Yellow+River+form+at+the+Mid-Pleistocene+transition%3F&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1603-%3C%2Fspan%3E1610&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36546288&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.scib.2022.06.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022SciBu..67.1603W&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Xin&rft.au=Hu%2C+Gang&rft.au=Saito%2C+Yoshiki&rft.au=Ni%2C+Guanzhong&rft.au=Hu%2C+Han&rft.au=Yu%2C+Ziying&rft.au=Chen%2C+Jingping&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mi&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Xiaoping&rft.au=Wang%2C+Lei&rft.au=Hu%2C+Zhenbo&rft.au=Nie%2C+Junsheng&rft.au=Pan%2C+Baotian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS2095927322002365%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520incision%2520of%2520the%2520Sanmen%2CPlateau%2520to%2520global%2520climate%2520change.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXue1993" class="citation journal cs1">Xue, Chunting (August 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240420103">"Historical changes in the Yellow River delta, China"</a>. <i>Marine Geology</i>. <b>113</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">321–</span>330. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993MGeol.113..321X">1993MGeol.113..321X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0025-3227%2893%2990025-Q">10.1016/0025-3227(93)90025-Q</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Geology&rft.atitle=Historical+changes+in+the+Yellow+River+delta%2C+China&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E321-%3C%2Fspan%3E330&rft.date=1993-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0025-3227%2893%2990025-Q&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993MGeol.113..321X&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=Chunting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F240420103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:022-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:022_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMosternHorne2021" class="citation book cs1">Mostern, Ruth; Horne, Ryan M. (2021). <i>The Yellow River: A Natural and Unnatural History</i>. Yale University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23833-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-23833-4"><bdi>978-0-300-23833-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1vbd1d8">j.ctv1vbd1d8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yellow+River%3A+A+Natural+and+Unnatural+History&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv1vbd1d8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-300-23833-4&rft.aulast=Mostern&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Horne%2C+Ryan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhenbo Hu, Baotian Pan, Lianyong Guo, Jef Vandenberghe, Xiaopeng Liu, Junping Wang, Yunlong Fan, Junwei Mao, Hongshan Gao, Xiaofei Hu, <i>Rapid fluvial incision and headward erosion by the Yellow River along the Jinshaan gorge during the past 1.2 Ma as a result of tectonic extension.</i> Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 133, 2016, Pages 1–14, ISSN 0277-3791, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.12.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.12.003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLittle1905" class="citation book cs1">Little, Archibald John (1905). <i>The Far East</i>. Clarendon Press. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01387-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01387-1"><bdi>978-1-108-01387-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Far+East&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1905&rft.isbn=978-1-108-01387-1&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Archibald+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhite2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_White_(atrocitologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew White (atrocitologist) (page does not exist)">White, Matthew</a> (2012). <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Big_Book_of_Horrible_Things" title="The Great Big Book of Horrible Things"><i>The Great Big Book of Horrible Things</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">W. W. Norton</a>. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393081923" title="Special:BookSources/9780393081923"><bdi>9780393081923</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Big+Book+of+Horrible+Things&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780393081923&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gascoigne-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gascoigne_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gascoigne_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gascoigne, Bamber and Gascoigne, Christina (2003) <i>The Dynasties of China</i>, Perseus Books Group, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0786712198" title="Special:BookSources/0786712198">0786712198</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htpeace/articles/20110329.aspx">The Ice Bombers Move Against Mongolia</a>. strategypage.com (29 March 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041231191845/http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/ems/flood_cds/en/index.html">"Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet"</a>. World Health Organization. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/ems/flood_cds/en/index.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flooding+and+communicable+diseases+fact+sheet&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhac%2Ftechguidance%2Fems%2Fflood_cds%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summary of the story given in the definition of <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">夸父追日</span></span>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"> <bdi lang="zh">现代汉语词典(第七版)</bdi> [<i><a href="/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Cidian" title="Xiandai Hanyu Cidian">A Dictionary of Current Chinese</a> (Seventh Edition)</i>] (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: <a href="/wiki/The_Commercial_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Commercial Press">The Commercial Press</a>. 1 September 2016. pp. 513, 755. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-100-12450-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-100-12450-8"><bdi>978-7-100-12450-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%28%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%89%88%29&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=513%2C+755&rft.pub=The+Commercial+Press&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.isbn=978-7-100-12450-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gernet_p59?-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gernet_p59?_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gernet_p59?_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gernet, Jacques. <i>Le monde chinois</i>, p. 59. Map "4. Major states of the Chunqiu period (Spring and Autumn)". <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span><br /> English version: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGernet1996" class="citation cs2">Gernet, Jacques (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqb7L-pKCV8C"><i>A History of Chinese Civilization</i></a> (Second ed.), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-49781-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-49781-7"><bdi>0-521-49781-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chinese+Civilization&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge%2C+England%3A+Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-521-49781-7&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djqb7L-pKCV8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.stmartin.edu/fac_staff/rlangill/HIS%20217%20maps/Qin%20dynasty%20map.JPG">Qin Dynasty Map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150105082440/http://homepages.stmartin.edu/fac_staff/rlangill/HIS%20217%20maps/Qin%20dynasty%20map.JPG">Archived</a> 5 January 2015 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFViollet2017" class="citation book cs1">Viollet, Pierre-Louis (2017). <i>Water Engineering in Ancient Civilizations: 5,000 Years of History</i>. CRC Press. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0203375310" title="Special:BookSources/978-0203375310"><bdi>978-0203375310</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+Engineering+in+Ancient+Civilizations%3A+5%2C000+Years+of+History&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0203375310&rft.aulast=Viollet&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Floods-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Floods_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allaby, Michael & Garrat, Richard. <i>Facts on File Dangerous Weather Series: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTKbcWwJ90MC&pg=PA142">Floods</a></i>, p. 142. Infobase Pub., 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-5282-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-5282-4">0-8160-5282-4</a>. Accessed 15 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sedtime-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sedtime_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sedtime_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sedtime_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elvin, Mark & Liu Cuirong (eds.) <i>Studies in Environment and History:</i> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAxmcRXKpaUC&pg=PA554">Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History</a></i>, pp. 554 ff. Cambridge Uni. Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56381-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56381-X">0-521-56381-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChenSyvitskiShuOvereem2012" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Yunzhen; Syvitski, James PM; Shu, Gao; Overeem, Irina; Kettner, Albert J (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3472015">"Socio-economic Impacts on Flooding: A 4000-Year History of the Yellow River, China"</a>. <i>Ambio</i>. <b>41</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">682–</span>698. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Ambio..41..682C">2012Ambio..41..682C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13280-012-0290-5">10.1007/s13280-012-0290-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3472015">3472015</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22673799">22673799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambio&rft.atitle=Socio-economic+Impacts+on+Flooding%3A+A+4000-Year+History+of+the+Yellow+River%2C+China&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E682-%3C%2Fspan%3E698&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3472015%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22673799&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13280-012-0290-5&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Ambio..41..682C&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Yunzhen&rft.au=Syvitski%2C+James+PM&rft.au=Shu%2C+Gao&rft.au=Overeem%2C+Irina&rft.au=Kettner%2C+Albert+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3472015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R._Grousset-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R._Grousset_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R._Grousset_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R._Grousset_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, Rene. <i>The Rise and Splendour of the Chinese Empire</i>, p. 303. University of California Press, 1959.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPietz2015" class="citation book cs1">Pietz, David A. (2015). <i>The Yellow River</i>. Harvard University Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674058248" title="Special:BookSources/9780674058248"><bdi>9780674058248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yellow+River&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780674058248&rft.aulast=Pietz&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eunuch-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eunuch_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eunuch_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eunuch_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry. <i>SUNY Series in Chinese Local Studies</i>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka6jNJcX_ygC&pg=PA200">The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty</a></i>. SUNY Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0791426874" title="Special:BookSources/0791426874">0791426874</a>, 9780791426876.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorge, Peter Allan. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SE2Gw8rjuXQC&pg=PA147">War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795</a></i>, p. 147. Routledge, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31691-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31691-0">978-0-415-31691-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xin_(Judaic_scholar)" title="Xu Xin (Judaic scholar)">Xu Xin</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GAAWkYBNu5sC&pg=PA47">The Jews of Kaifeng, China: History, Culture, and Religion</a></i>, p. 47. Ktav Publishing Inc, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88125-791-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88125-791-5">978-0-88125-791-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Mike" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Mike. <i>Late Victorian Holocausts</i>. Verso. pp. <span class="nowrap">387–</span>88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78168-061-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78168-061-2"><bdi>978-1-78168-061-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Victorian+Holocausts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.pub=Verso&rft.isbn=978-1-78168-061-2&rft.au=Davis%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamoroux,_Christian1998" class="citation book cs1">Lamoroux, Christian (1998). <i>From the Yellow River to the Huai, chapter 15 in Elvin and Ts'ui-jung, Sediments of Time</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">556–</span>571. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56381-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56381-X"><bdi>0-521-56381-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Yellow+River+to+the+Huai%2C+chapter+15+in+Elvin+and+Ts%27ui-jung%2C+Sediments+of+Time&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E556-%3C%2Fspan%3E571&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-56381-X&rft.au=Lamoroux%2C+Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Mike" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Mike. <i>Late Victorian Holocausts</i>. Verso. p. 388. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78168-061-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78168-061-2"><bdi>978-1-78168-061-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Victorian+Holocausts&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=Verso&rft.isbn=978-1-78168-061-2&rft.au=Davis%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Overview on River Management</i> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">《河防一覽》</span></span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Héfáng yīlǎn</i></span>), 1590.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElvin,_Mark_and_Su_Ninghu1998" class="citation book cs1">Elvin, Mark and Su Ninghu (1998). <i>The Influence of the Yellow River on Hangzhou Bay since AD 1000, chapter 10 in Elvin and Ts'ui-jung, Sediments of Time</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56381-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56381-X"><bdi>0-521-56381-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Influence+of+the+Yellow+River+on+Hangzhou+Bay+since+AD+1000%2C+chapter+10+in+Elvin+and+Ts%27ui-jung%2C+Sediments+of+Time&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-56381-X&rft.au=Elvin%2C+Mark+and+Su+Ninghu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-internationalrivers.org-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-internationalrivers.org_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-internationalrivers.org_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Rivers Report. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internationalrivers.org/files/Deluge2007_full.pdf">Before the Deluge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704083330/http://internationalrivers.org/files/Deluge2007_full.pdf">Archived</a> 4 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Joseph. <i>Science and Civilization in China</i>. Vol. 1. <i>Introductory Orientations</i>, p. 68. Caves Books Ltd. (Taipei), 1986 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052105799X" title="Special:BookSources/052105799X">052105799X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lary, Diana. "The Waters Covered the Earth: China's War-Induced Natural Disaster". Op. cit. in Selden, Mark & So, Alvin Y., eds. <i>War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century</i>, pp. 143–170. Rowman & Littlefield, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0742523918" title="Special:BookSources/0742523918">0742523918</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_54-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_54-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarrell2023" class="citation book cs1">Harrell, Stevan (2023). <i>An Ecological History of Modern China</i>. Seattle: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295751719" title="Special:BookSources/9780295751719"><bdi>9780295751719</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ecological+History+of+Modern+China&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780295751719&rft.aulast=Harrell&rft.aufirst=Stevan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328175811/http://www.cers.org.hk/index.php/en/">"China Exploration & Research Society"</a>. <i>cers.org.hk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cers.org.hk&rft.atitle=China+Exploration+%26+Research+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cers.org.hk%2Findex.php%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-video.nytimes.com-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-video.nytimes.com_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-video.nytimes.com_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/2007/05/30/world/asia/1194817118362/chinas-yellow-river-part-1.html">China's Yellow River, Part 1</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (2007-05-30)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fishes_YR2015-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fishes_YR2015_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fishes_YR2015_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fishes_YR2015_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLi,_S.Z.2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Li_Sizhong_(ichthyologist)" title="Li Sizhong (ichthyologist)">Li, S.Z.</a> (2015). <i>Fishes of the Yellow River and Beyond</i>. The Sueichan Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>414. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789578596771" title="Special:BookSources/9789578596771"><bdi>9789578596771</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25879703M">25879703M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+Yellow+River+and+Beyond&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E414&rft.pub=The+Sueichan+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL25879703M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=9789578596771&rft.au=Li%2C+S.Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLi_Sizhong2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Li_Sizhong_(ichthyologist)" title="Li Sizhong (ichthyologist)">Li Sizhong</a> (2017). <i>Fishes of the Yellow River</i> (in Simplified Chinese). Qingdao: Ocean University of China Publishing House. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>495. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-567-01537-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-567-01537-1"><bdi>978-7-567-01537-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1059445413">1059445413</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL27401428M">27401428M</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65116992" class="extiw" title="d:Q65116992">Q65116992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+Yellow+River&rft.place=Qingdao&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E495&rft.pub=Ocean+University+of+China+Publishing+House&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1059445413&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL27401428M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-7-567-01537-1&rft.au=Li+Sizhong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yellowriver.gov.cn/">Yellow River Conservancy Commission</a>. Yellowriver.gov.cn. Retrieved on 2013-02-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ_Paul_Liu,_John_D_Milliman,_Shu_Gao,_Peng_Cheng2004" class="citation journal cs1">J Paul Liu, John D Milliman, Shu Gao, Peng Cheng (2004). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=One-third+of+China%27s+Yellow+River+%27unfit+for+drinking+or+agriculture%27+Factory+waste+and+sewage+from+growing+cities+has+severely+polluted+major+waterway%2C+according+to+Chinese+research&rft.date=2008-11-25&rft.au=Branigan%2C+Tania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2008%2Fnov%2F25%2Fwater-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.sina.com.cn/x/20040916/09041027452.shtml">"行程3000公里亲眼目睹黄河水污染现状(组图)"</a> [Travelling 3000km to document the pollution of the Yellow River in pictures]. <i>北京青年报</i>. 16 September 2004 – via Sina.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%8A%A5&rft.atitle=%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B3000%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C+%E4%BA%B2%E7%9C%BC%E7%9B%AE%E7%9D%B9%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6%28%E7%BB%84%E5%9B%BE%29&rft.date=2004-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.sina.com.cn%2Fx%2F20040916%2F09041027452.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBDChangChenchou-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBDChangChenchou_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>This article incorporates text from entry <b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Chinese_Biographical_Dictionary/Chang_Ch%C3%AAn-chou" class="extiw" title="s:A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chang Chên-chou">Chang Chên-chou</a></b> in </i>A Chinese Biographical Dictionary<i> by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Giles">Herbert A. Giles</a> (1898), a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheng, Linsun and Brown, Kerry (2009) <i>Berkshire encyclopedia of China</i>, Berkshire Publishing Group, p. 1125 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9770159-4-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9770159-4-8">978-0-9770159-4-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Fei (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-asian-studies/article/abs/rediscovering-the-yellow-river-and-the-yangtze-river-the-circulation-of-discourses-on-the-northsouth-dichotomy-between-late-qing-china-and-meiji-japan/FA789BD0E4991B50B13D68B3ECD3C6BF">"Rediscovering the Yellow River and the Yangtze River: the Circulation of Discourses on the North–South Dichotomy between Late Qing China and Meiji Japan"</a>. <i>International Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">33–</span>51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1479591418000323">10.1017/S1479591418000323</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1479-5914">1479-5914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Rediscovering+the+Yellow+River+and+the+Yangtze+River%3A+the+Circulation+of+Discourses+on+the+North%E2%80%93South+Dichotomy+between+Late+Qing+China+and+Meiji+Japan&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1479591418000323&rft.issn=1479-5914&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Finternational-journal-of-asian-studies%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Frediscovering-the-yellow-river-and-the-yangtze-river-the-circulation-of-discourses-on-the-northsouth-dichotomy-between-late-qing-china-and-meiji-japan%2FFA789BD0E4991B50B13D68B3ECD3C6BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://36.112.18.13/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=75778371504849534853484949">基于黄河灾害研究综述的思考 On a Review of the Disasters from the Yellow River</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdo.develpress.com/?p=10096">黄河安澜呼唤生态保护和高质量发展</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duy-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duy_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuyvendak1939" class="citation journal cs1">Duyvendak, J.J.L. (1939). "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century". <i>T'oung Pao</i>. Second Series. <b>34</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">401–</span>403. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4527170">4527170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%27oung+Pao&rft.atitle=The+True+Dates+of+the+Chinese+Maritime+Expeditions+in+the+Early+Fifteenth+Century&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E401-%3C%2Fspan%3E403&rft.date=1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4527170%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Duyvendak&rft.aufirst=J.J.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">黄河</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">黃河</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huánghé</span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yan_Shigu" title="Yan Shigu">Yan Shigu</a> (581–645) mentioned the Yellow River in his annotation "東至堂陽入<b>黃河</b>" in his new edition of 漢書·地理志 (<i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Han" title="Book of Han">Book of Han</a></i>, vol. 28). This misled some scholars to believe the annotation existed in the first edition in the 1st century.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li (2004) and Hargett (2021) propose that the earliest attestation of the Yellow River is the line 封爵之誓曰：「使<b>黃河</b>如帶，泰山若厲。國以永寧，爰及苗裔。」in <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E9%AB%99%E6%83%A0%E9%AB%99%E5%90%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8A%9F%E8%87%A3%E8%A1%A8" class="extiw" title="zh:s:漢書/髙惠髙后文功臣表">vol. 16</a> of <i>Han Shu</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2004_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet <a href="/wiki/Qing-era" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing-era">Qing-era</a> philologist <a href="/wiki/Wang_Niansun" title="Wang Niansun">Wang Niansun</a> stated that the letter 黃 was a later interpolation and did not exist in the first edition in the 1st century.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excluding these problematic attestations in <i>Han Shu</i>, the two earliest attestations cited by Li (2004) came in 429 and 488.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_2004_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 429,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pei_Songzhi" title="Pei Songzhi">Pei Songzhi</a> mentioned Yellow River twice in the chapter of 袁紹傳 (<a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shao" title="Yuan Shao">Yuan Shao</a>'s biography) in 三国志注 (<i><a href="/wiki/Annotations_to_Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms">Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms</a></i>), "《魏氏春秋》載紹檄州郡文曰：「...騁良弓勁弩之勢，并州越太行，青州涉濟、漯，大軍汎<b>黃河</b>以角其前...」", and "獻帝傳曰：紹將濟河，沮授(<a href="/wiki/Ju_Shou" title="Ju Shou">Ju Shou</a>)諫曰：「勝負變化，不可不詳。今宜留屯延津，分兵官渡，若其克獲，還迎不晚，設其有難，衆弗可還。」紹弗從。授臨濟歎曰：「上盈其志，下務其功，悠悠<b>黃河</b>，吾其反乎？」" In 488,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yue" title="Shen Yue">Shen Yue</a> mentioned Yellow River in the chapter 索虜, volume 卷九十五列傳第五十五 of 宋書 (<i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Song" title="Book of Song">Book of Song</a></i>), "二十九年[宋元嘉二十九年, 公元452年]，太祖更遣張永、王玄謨及爽等北伐，青州刺史劉興祖建議伐河北，曰：「...愚謂宜長驅中山，據其關要。冀州已北，民人尚豐，兼麥已向熟，資因為易。向義之徒，必應響赴，若中州震動，<b>黃河</b>以南，自當消潰。」".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deng (2015) proposes that the name "Yellow River" was favoured by Tang dynasty <a href="/wiki/Scholar-official" title="Scholar-official">literati</a> because there was a <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk-etymological</a> connection between <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">黃</span></span> ('yellow') and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廣</span></span> ('wide'), <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">橫</span></span> ('broad'), <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鐄</span></span> ('large bell') and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">潢</span></span> ('large cistern').<sup id="cite_ref-Deng_2015_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deng_2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Schuessler (2007) proposes cognate between <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">黃</span></span> ('yellow') and <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ဝင်း</span></span> (<i>wang:</i> 'bright') and <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ဝါ</span></span> (<i>wa</i> 'yellow'); meanwhile he states that <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廣</span></span> ('wide')'s etymology is uncertain: he relates it either to <a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a> <i><span title="Lushai-language text"><i lang="lus">vang</i></span></i> "to be large, extensive" and <i><span title="Lushai-language text"><i lang="lus">vâng</i></span></i> 'breadth', 'width', or to <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1106655535" /><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">ཡངས་པ</span>, <a href="/wiki/Wylie_transliteration" title="Wylie transliteration">Wylie</a>: <i>yangs pa</i>, or to <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">กว้าง</span></span> <i>kwâaŋ</i> 'to be broad', 'wide' (← <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ว่าง</span></span> <i>wâaŋ</i> 'to be free', 'at leisure', 'unoccupied'). He also cites Baxter & Sagart (1998: 60)'s opinion on a possible relation between <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廣</span></span> and <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">寬</span></span> <i>kuān</i> 'wide'; and that <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">廣</span></span> is perhaps related to root *<i>wa</i> of <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">況</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">kuàng</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yellow_River" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yellow River">Yellow River</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delight.eoc.dlr.de/">The DELIGHT Project, Delta Information System for Geoenvironmental and Human Habitat Transition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/chinese-music/Pre_Liberation/D03.Yellow_River_Ballad.au">Listen to the <i>Yellow River Ballade</i></a> from the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Cantata" title="Yellow River Cantata">Yellow River Cantata</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417072532/http://www.shangri-la-river-expeditions.com/1stdes/yellow/yellowsummary.html">First raft descent</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> of the Yellow River from its source in Qinghai to its mouth (1987)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrology.nl/ihppublications/374-climate-change-impacts-and-adaptation-strategies-in-the-yellow-river-basin.html">Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in the Yellow River Basin – UNESCO report</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Works from the <a href="/wiki/National_Central_Library" title="National Central Library">National Central Library</a> about the Yellow River</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11387/">"Illustrations of Guarding the Yellow River"</a>. <i>wdl.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a>. 1644.</cite><span 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China">Province-level<br />subdivisions</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Cities</b> (from upper reaches to lower reaches)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Major cities along the Yellow River"><img alt="Major cities along the Yellow River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/420px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/630px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/840px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong City">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Nur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayan Nur">Bayan Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> (boundaries of upper and middle reaches)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinglu_County" title="Pinglu County">Pinglu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugu_County" title="Fugu County">Fugu County</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiaxian_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiaxian County (page does not exist)">Jiaxian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubu_County" title="Wubu County">Wubu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>(boundaries of middle and lower reaches)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Pearl River">Major cities along the Pearl River</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River">Major cities along the Yangtze River</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Major_rivers_of_China417" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_China" title="Template:Rivers of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_China" title="Template talk:Rivers of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Major_rivers_of_China417" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">Major rivers of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulan_Moron" title="Ulan Moron">Tuotuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangqu" title="Dangqu">Dangqu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumar_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumar River (page does not exist)">Chumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongtian_River" title="Tongtian River">Tongtian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinsha_River" title="Jinsha River">Jinsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalong_River" title="Yalong River">Yalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishui_River" title="Baishui River">Baishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Sichuan)" title="Min River (Sichuan)">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_River" title="Dadu River">Dadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyi_River_(Sichuan)" title="Qingyi River (Sichuan)">Qingyi (Sichuan)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuo_River" title="Tuo River">Tuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_River_(tributary_of_Yangtze_River)" title="Qi River (tributary of Yangtze River)">Qi (Chongqing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jialing_River" title="Jialing River">Jialing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailong_River" title="Bailong River">Bailong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_River_(Sichuan)" title="Fu River (Sichuan)">Fu (Sichuan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu_River_(Jialing_River_tributary)" title="Qu River (Jialing River tributary)">Qu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_River_(Yangtze_tributary)" title="Wu River (Yangtze tributary)">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingshuihe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingshuihe River">Qingshui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_River_(Shaanxi_and_Hubei)" class="mw-redirect" title="Han River (Shaanxi and Hubei)">Hanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muma_River" title="Muma River">Muma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_River_(Hanshui)" title="Chi River (Hanshui)">Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_River" title="Du River">Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_River" title="Bao River">Bao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_River" title="Qing River">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_River" title="Chishui River">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_River" title="Xiang River">Xiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_River" title="Xiao River">Xiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_River" title="Lei River">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_River" title="Qi River">Qi (Hunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi_River" title="Mi River">Mi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zi_River" title="Zi River">Zi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_River" title="Yuan River">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui_River" title="Lishui River">Lishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_River" title="Miluo River">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_River" title="Gan River">Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_River_(Jiangxi)" title="Fu River (Jiangxi)">Fu (Jiangxi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_River" title="Xin River">Xin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyi_River_(Anhui)" title="Qingyi River (Anhui)">Qingyi (Anhui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuai_River" title="Qinhuai River">Qinhuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitiao_River" title="Xitiao River">Xitiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangpu_River" title="Huangpu River">Huangpu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_Creek" title="Suzhou Creek">Suzhou Creek</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yellow</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kariqu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kariqu (page does not exist)">Kariqu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuegu_Zonglie_Qu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuegu Zonglie Qu (page does not exist)">Yuegu Zonglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxia_River" title="Daxia River">Daxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_River" title="Tao River">Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshui_River" title="Huangshui River">Huangshui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Datong_River" title="Datong River">Datong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuding_River" title="Wuding River">Wuding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_River" title="Wei River">Wei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing_River" title="Jing River">Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Shaanxi)" title="Luo River (Shaanxi)"> Luo (Shaanxi)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Henan)" title="Luo River (Henan)">Luo (Henan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_River_(Shanxi)" title="Qin River (Shanxi)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muwen_River" title="Muwen River">Muwen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawen_River" title="Dawen River">Dawen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bei_River" title="Bei River">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_River_(China)" title="Dong River (China)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_River" title="Xi River">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yujiang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiang River">Yujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_River_(Guangxi)" title="Yong River (Guangxi)">Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_River" title="Xun River">Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_River" title="Qian River">Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshui_River" title="Hongshui River">Hongshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanpan_River" title="Nanpan River">Nanpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipan_River" title="Beipan River">Beipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rong_River_(Guangxi)" title="Rong River (Guangxi)">Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_River_(Guangxi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li River (Guangxi)">Li (Guangxi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui_River" title="Gui River">Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_River" title="Liu River">Liu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amur" title="Amur">Heilongjiang</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Songhua_River" title="Songhua River">Songhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Songhua_River" title="Second Songhua River">2nd Songhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nen_River" title="Nen River">Nen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudan_River" title="Mudan River">Mudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussuri" title="Ussuri">Ussuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argun_(Amur)" title="Argun (Amur)">Argun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherlen_River" title="Kherlen River">Kherlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woken_River" title="Woken River">Woken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huifa_River" title="Huifa River">Huifa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guo_River" title="Guo River">Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_River" title="Ying River">Ying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiguan_River" title="Shiguan River">Shiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_River" title="Quan River">Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_River" title="Hui River">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_River_(Huai_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong River (Huai River)">Hong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaobai_River" title="Chaobai River">Chaobai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongding_River" title="Yongding River">Yongding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutuo_River" title="Hutuo River">Hutuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziya_River" title="Ziya River">Ziya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daqing_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daqing River (page does not exist)">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenyu_River" title="Wenyu River">Wenyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juma_River_(China)" title="Juma River (China)">Juma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanggan_River" title="Sanggan River">Sanggan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuyang_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuyang River (page does not exist)">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_River_(Shandong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wei River (Shandong)">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_River" title="Ju River">Ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Canal_River" title="Ji Canal River">Jiyunhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao</a> system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hun_River_(Liao_River_tributary)" title="Hun River (Liao River tributary)">Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizi_River" title="Taizi River">Taizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar_Moron_River" title="Xar Moron River">Xar Moron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinkai_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinkai River (page does not exist)">Xinkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiliao_River" title="Xiliao River">Western Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongliao_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongliao River (page does not exist)">Eastern Liao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other major rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_River" title="Tarim River">Tarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejin_River" title="Ejin River">Ejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatash_River" title="Karatash River">Karatash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_River" title="Ili River">Ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shule_River" title="Shule River">Shule</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dang_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dang River (page does not exist)">Dang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen_River" title="Tumen River">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luan_River" title="Luan River">Luan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(Asia)" title="Red River (Asia)">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Fujian)" title="Min River (Fujian)">Minjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_River_(Fujian)" title="Long River (Fujian)">Longjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Lancang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilun_River" title="Beilun River">Beilun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salween_River" title="Salween River">Nujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Lion Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Elephant Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo" title="Yarlung Tsangpo">Yarlung Tsangpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyang_River" title="Nyang River">Nyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subansiri_River" title="Subansiri River">Subansiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh" title="Irtysh">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razdolnaya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Razdolnaya River">Suifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiantang_River" title="Qiantang River">Qiantang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang_River" title="Puyang River">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_River_(Shandong)" title="Jiao River (Shandong)">Jiao (Shandong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_River_(Hebei)" title="Dai River (Hebei)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_River" title="Si River">Si</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_River" title="Shu River">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao%27e_River" title="Cao'e River">Cao'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_River_(Zhejiang)" title="Jiao River (Zhejiang)">Jiao (Zhejiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ou_River_(Zhejiang)" title="Ou River (Zhejiang)">Ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulan_River" title="Mulan River">Mulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_River_(Fujian)" title="Jin River (Fujian)">Jin (Fujian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_River_(Guangdong)" title="Han River (Guangdong)">Han (Guangdong)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mei_River" title="Mei River">Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ting_River" title="Ting River">Ting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandu_River" title="Nandu River">Nandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanquan_River" title="Wanquan River">Wanquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taping_River" title="Taping River">Taping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoqing_River" title="Xiaoqing River">Xiaoqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_canals_in_China" title="History of canals in China">Major canals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingqu" title="Lingqu">Lingqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Jiangsu_Main_Irrigation_Canal" title="North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal">North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhejiang_Canal" title="Eastern Zhejiang Canal">Eastern Zhejiang Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_Canal" title="Red Flag Canal">Red Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengguo_Canal" title="Zhengguo Canal">Zhengguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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[\"CITEREFHargett2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ_Paul_Liu,_John_D_Milliman,_Shu_Gao,_Peng_Cheng2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamoroux,_Christian1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeung,_George1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi,_S.Z.2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLittle1905\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMosternHorne2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPietz2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQi,_D.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchuessler2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchüssler2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShiParhamFanHong2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSima1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViollet2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWangHuSaitoNi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatts,_J.2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXie,_J.Y.W.J._TangY.H._Yang2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXingWang2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXue1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYanLüZhangYuan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYang2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYangZhuang2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhao2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Dijk,_P.P.Iverson,_J.B.Rhodin,_A.G.J.Shaffer,_H.B.2014\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bo\"] = 2,\n [\"China Rivers\"] = 1,\n [\"ChineseBioDict\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite Q\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 9,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 32,\n [\"Coord\"] = 3,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"Dubious\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-cmn\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-yue\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 10,\n [\"Ill\"] = 3,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox river\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 23,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 9,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Major cities along the Yellow River\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 2,\n [\"Native name list\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 6,\n [\"Safesubst:okina\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaced ndash\"] = 3,\n [\"Stack begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Stack end\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 5,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Usurped\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Which\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n [\"Zh\"] = 4,\n [\"Zhi\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n1 1 Li Sizhong\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-cwnpm","timestamp":"20250330020541","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Yellow River","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_River","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7355","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7355","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-30T05:50:06Z","dateModified":"2025-03-18T01:27:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Yellow_River_-_panoramio.jpg","headline":"major river in China"}</script> </body> </html>