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Historisk metode - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi
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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Udviklingen_af_historisk_metode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udviklingen_af_historisk_metode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Udviklingen af historisk metode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udviklingen_af_historisk_metode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Periodisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Historisk metode</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 29 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طريقة تاريخية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طريقة تاريخية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Исторически метод – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Исторически метод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%95%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پێڕەوی مێژوویی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێڕەوی مێژوویی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historick%C3%A1_metoda" title="Historická metoda – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Historická metoda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method" title="Historical method – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Historical method" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metodologio_de_historio" title="Metodologio de historio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metodologio de historio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9todo_hist%C3%B3rico" title="Método histórico – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Método histórico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="روش تاریخی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روش تاریخی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thodologie_historique" title="Méthodologie historique – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Méthodologie historique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מתודולוגיות היסטוריות – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתודולוגיות היסטוריות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="ऐतिहासिक विधि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐतिहासिक विधि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պատմական մեթոդաբանություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատմական մեթոդաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metode_sejarah" title="Metode sejarah – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metode sejarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%B3%95" title="歴史学研究法 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="歴史学研究法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%81_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC_%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95" title="사적 연구 방법 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사적 연구 방법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAbaza_d%C3%AErok%C3%AE" title="Rêbaza dîrokî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêbaza dîrokî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historische_methode" title="Historische methode – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Historische methode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metodologia_historii" title="Metodologia historii – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metodologia historii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9todo_hist%C3%B3rico" title="Método histórico – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Método histórico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Методология истории – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Методология истории" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method" title="Historical method – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Historical method" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metodologija_zgodovinopisja" title="Metodologija zgodovinopisja – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Metodologija zgodovinopisja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoda_historike" title="Metoda historike – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metoda historike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historisk_metod" title="Historisk metod – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Historisk metod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Методологія історії – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Методологія історії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix_metodologiyasi" title="Tarix metodologiyasi – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tarix metodologiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_ph%C3%A1p_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD" title="Phương pháp lịch sử – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phương pháp lịch sử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="史學方法 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="史學方法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="史學方法 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="史學方法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1196545#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Historisk_metode" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Historisk_metode&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden (ikke skrevet endnu) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><p><b>Historisk metode</b> er en disciplin i faget <a href="/wiki/Historie" title="Historie">historie</a>. Den kan i bredeste forstand defineres som ”en fremgangsmåde, man må anvende for at nå til en videnskabelig erkendelse af fortidens menneskeliv”.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det betyder, at historikeren må afdække det ’’historiesyn’’ og den historieforståelse, der er baggrunden for en tekst og dennes vurderinger.<sup id="cite_ref-”Oluf”_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-”Oluf”-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historiesyn er i denne kontekst en specifik opfattelse af , at der findes drivende kræfter, som bestemmer økonomiske, politiske og sociale forandringer i samfundet i forskellige tidsaldre. En populær <a href="/wiki/Metafor" title="Metafor">metafor</a> er, at forskellige historiesyn er forskellige slags "briller", som anvendes i den historiske analyse. Historieforståelse er den indsigt i historiefagets metoder, som en historiker anvender til at kvalificere / begrunde sit historiesyn.<sup id="cite_ref-”Oluf”_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-”Oluf”-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Der skelnes mellem tre hovedgrupper af historiesyn: </p> <ul><li><b>Historiematerialistisk historiesyn</b> (også kaldt Materialistisk historiesyn)</li> <li><b>Idealistisk historiesyn</b> indebærer at man ser idéer, historiske personligheder samt ideologier, som de fremtrædende drivkræfter i historien. Dette syn kan ses som det materialistiske historiesyns modsætning da det fremhæver individers og idéers betydning, som drivkræfter frem for massernes levevilkår.</li> <li><b>Det religiøse/moralske historiesyn</b> indebærer at man ser religion og morale, som grundsøjlerne i samtiden. Gør man som gud vil, så går det godt for en. Er man god og handler godt så går det godt for en.</li> <li><b>Determineret historiesyn</b> betyder at man mener at udviklingen i historien er forudbestemt, determineret. <sup id="cite_ref-”Oluf”_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-”Oluf”-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Udviklingen_af_historisk_metode">Udviklingen af historisk metode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Udviklingen af historisk metode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Udviklingen af historisk metode"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kildekritik" title="Kildekritik">Kildekritikken</a> er den tidligste form for historisk metode og udgør stadig en hjørnesten i disciplinen. Kildekritikken er en betegnelse for undersøgelsen af ” hvor forfatteren til en tekst har den viden fra, han meddeler, fulgt op af en undersøgelse af, om hans meddelelse er troværdig’’.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysen af kilden sættes herefter i forhold til den begivenhed eller det fænomen, forskeren ønsker at belyse. I de seneste 20 år er betegnelsen "kildeanalyse" hyppigere anvendt, idet det strengt taget ikke er kilden, men analysen af kilden og dens baggrund, der udsættes for kritik.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studierne af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historieskrivning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historieskrivning (ikke skrevet endnu)">historieskrivningens</a> historie er en særlig vinkel indenfor historisk metode, som betegnes <a href="/wiki/Historiografi" title="Historiografi">historiografi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I et historiografisk perspektiv var <a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Leopold von Ranke</a> den første historiker, der systematisk kategoriserede flere ophavspersoner ud fra deres position i forhold til begivenheden. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ranke udviklede sine principper på baggrund af en kritik af <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> og filosoffen <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> var <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Erslev" title="Kristian Erslev">Kristian Erslev</a> en pioner indenfor kildekritikken, ligesom han med sine ’’grundsætninger om slutninger fra tekster til virkeligheden’’ etablerede forståelsen af forskellen mellem forskning og fremstilling, som i et århundrede var grundlaget for praksis i historieforskningen i Danmark. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På denne baggrund udvikledes forskellige ”skoler” indenfor historiefaget. <a href="/wiki/Historisme" title="Historisme">Historismen</a> har sit udgangspunkt i den første halvdel af <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a>, fortrinsvis i det da nyoprettede universitet i <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Preussen" title="Preussen">Preussen</a>. Her var det personer såsom historikerne <a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Leopold von Ranke</a> og <a href="/wiki/Barthold_Georg_Niebuhr" title="Barthold Georg Niebuhr">Barthold Georg Niebuhr</a>, filosoffen <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a>, filologen <a href="/wiki/August_Boeckh" title="August Boeckh">August Boeckh</a> og germanisten <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a> der stod som stifterne af denne retning inden for videnskabsteorien. Deres fælles standpunkt var en afstandtagen til den tidligere <a href="/wiki/Historiefilosofi" title="Historiefilosofi">historiefilosofi</a>, som fortrinsvis var blevet praktiseret af <a href="/wiki/Oplysningstiden" title="Oplysningstiden">oplysningstidens</a> historikere. <a href="/wiki/Historicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Historicisme">Historicisme</a> er en betegnelse for de historiefaglige tilgange, der anser historiske udviklinger som værende bundne af love eller som følger bestemte tendenser. Som konsekvens af denne opfattelse bliver det så forskningens opgave at finde ind til, hvad der kendetegner disse ”love”. Tilgangen var især udbredt i 1800-tallet og i første halvdel af 1900-tallet, hvorefter historikerne begyndte at finde flere og flere huller i denne forklaringsmetode. Historicismen, der er <a href="/wiki/Nomotetiske_videnskaber" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomotetiske videnskaber">nomotetisk</a> i sin orientering, bliver ofte anset for at være modpolen til <a href="/wiki/Historisme" title="Historisme">historismen</a>, der modsat er <a href="/wiki/Idiografiske_videnskaber" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiografiske videnskaber">idiografisk</a> i snit.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> fik en stor betydning for metodediskussionen, da han lancerede sin <a href="/wiki/Falsifikationisme" title="Falsifikationisme">teori om falsifikation</a>. Hvor historikerne tidligere havde stræbt efter <a href="/wiki/Verifikationisme" title="Verifikationisme">verificering</a> af udsagn om historiske iagttagelser, var kriteriet for en videnskabelig teori for Popper derimod, at den skal kunne falsificeres, dvs. at den skal være formuleret således, at den kan modsiges af empiriske iagttagelser.<sup id="cite_ref-Kri191_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kri191-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jo bedre teorien er, jo nemmere er den at modbevise. Det er fordi, at jo mere almen en teori er, jo mere forudsiger den. Således er Einsteins relativitetsteori en bedre teori end Newtons fysik, fordi den er mere almen og nemmere at falsificere.<sup id="cite_ref-Kri191_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kri191-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1980’erne skabte <a href="/wiki/Den_sproglige_vending" title="Den sproglige vending">den sproglige vending</a> en ny debat om historiefagets mening. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hayden_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hayden White (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hayden White</a> påpegede således, at historien kun findes som tekster om begivenheder og deres årsager, men ikke ”i virkeligheden”. Niels Brimnæs ydede i en kronik <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sit bidrag til debatten, som han betegnede som ’’den postmodernistiske udfordring: ”Tabet af de store fortællinger og tabet af den absolutte sandhed.” På denne baggrund opstod ’’historikerfejden’’, hvor den klassiske historieforståelse blev konfronteret med den postmodernistiske. Der var med <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhns</a> begrebsanvendelse tale om et <a href="/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme">paradigmeskift</a>, som dog ikke er brudt endeligt igennem i fagkredse.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dog kan et nyt paradigme skimtes i den stigende interesse for ’’<a href="/wiki/Faktion" title="Faktion">faktion</a>’’, en historiefortællingsmetode, hvor fiktive personer involveres i virkelige begivenheder. Serien <a href="/wiki/1864_(tv-serie)" title="1864 (tv-serie)">1864</a> er et af mange eksempler på, at der indgår fiktive personer i en historisk fremstilling.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Periodisering">Periodisering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Periodisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Periodisering"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I historiefaget er <a href="/wiki/Kronologi" title="Kronologi">kronologi</a> en vigtig fagdisciplin, der blandt andet benyttes til at inddele historiske forløb i <a href="/wiki/Tidsaldre" title="Tidsaldre">perioder</a>. Kriterierne for sådanne inddelinger er et væsentligt metodefelt. Den materialistiske indfaldsvinkel indebærer, at forskeren ser økonomiske og sociale forandringer som afgørende for historiens udvikling. Den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideografi (ikke skrevet endnu)">ideografiske</a> metode lægger vægt på af afklare afsenderens mening med sine udsagn.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brud_og_kontinuitet" title="Brud og kontinuitet">Brud og kontinuitet</a> er et almindeligt anvendt begrebspar i <a href="/wiki/Historie" title="Historie">historiefaget</a>, som bruges til at diskutere i hvilket omfang en historisk udvikling eller begivenhed repræsenterer en forandring (<i>brud</i>) eller om, at tingene forbliver uændrede i større eller mindre grad (<i>kontinuitet</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kildekritik" title="Kildekritik">Kildekritik</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kristian Erslev (1926): <i>Historisk Teknik – Den Historiske Undersøgelse Fremstillet i Sine Grundlinie</i>r. Anden udgave, Tiende oplag. (1. udgave udkom 1911); udgivet af Den danske Historiske Forening; genoptrykt i 1987 med <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-87462-30-3" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-87462-30-3">87-87462-30-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Scocozza" title="Benito Scocozza">Benito Scocozza</a> (1982): <i>Om historie – En introduktionsbog</i>. København: Hans Reitzels Forlag. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-412-3607-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-412-3607-6">87-412-3607-6</a></li> <li>Sebastian Olden-Jørgensen (2001): <i>Til Kilderne! – Introduktion til historisk kildekritik</i>. København: Gads Forlag. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-87-1203-778-1" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-87-1203-778-1">978-87-1203-778-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeppe_Nevers" title="Jeppe Nevers">Jeppe Nevers</a> (2005): <i>Kildekritikkens begrebshistorie – En undersøgelse af historiefagets metodelære</i>. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-7674-024-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-7674-024-2">87-7674-024-2</a></li> <li>Vibeke Ankersborg (2007): <i>Kildekritik i et samfundsvidenskabeligt perspektiv</i>. Frederiksberg: Forlaget Samfundslitteratur. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-87-5931-297-1" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-87-5931-297-1">978-87-5931-297-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inga_Floto" title="Inga Floto">Inga Floto</a> (2007): <i>Historie – En videnskabshistorisk undersøgelse</i>. København: Museum Tusculanums Forlag. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-87-7289-381-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-87-7289-381-5">978-87-7289-381-5</a></li> <li>Bent Egaa Kristensen (2007): <i>Historisk metode – en indføring i historieforskningens grundlæggende principper</i>. København: Hans Reitzel. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-87-4125-045-8" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-87-4125-045-8">978-87-4125-045-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/ffo/ffo_1990_29-PDF/ffo_1990_29_101417.pdf">Axel Bolvig: "»Med passende ændringer«. Historisk metode i fokus" (<i>Fund og Forskning</i>, Bind XXIX; 1990)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/ho/ho_nrk_0007-PDF/ho_nrk_0007_75780.pdf">H. P. Clausen: "Målsætning og hjælpemidler i metodeundervisningen" (<i>Historie/Jyske Samlinger</i>, Ny række, Bind 7; 1966)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/ho/ho_nrk_0007-PDF/ho_nrk_0007_75702.pdf">Ottar Dahl: "Terminologi og systematikk i kildeteorien" (<i>Historie/Jyske Samlinger</i>, Ny række, Bind 7; 1966)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/hto/hto_13rk_0003-PDF/hto_13rk_0003_76658.pdf">Bernard Eric Jensen: "Et bidrag til revisionen af metodelærens grundlag" (<i>Historisk Tidsskrift</i>, 13. række, Bind 3; 1976)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/hto/hto_14rk_0001-PDF/hto_14rk_0001_80850.pdf">Henrik S. Nissen: "Træk af den historisk-metodiske debat i Norden i 1960-erne og -70-erne" (<i>Historisk Tidsskrift</i>, 14. række, Bind 1; 1980)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/ho/ho_nrk_0011-PDF/ho_nrk_0011_75128.pdf">Jakob Pasternak: "Den halvrustne kildekritik" (<i>Historie/Jyske Samlinger</i>, Ny række, Bind 11; 1974)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/hto/hto_13rk_0005-PDF/hto_13rk_0005_78714.pdf">E. Ladewig Petersen: "Omkring Erik Arup: Struktur og grænser i moderne dansk historieforskning (ca. 1885-1955)" (<i>Historisk Tidsskrift</i>, 13. række, Bind 5; 1978)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisk_metode&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Bent Egaa (2007), s. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-”Oluf”-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-”Oluf”_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-”Oluf”_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-”Oluf”_2-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emu.dk/gym/fag/hi/noter/historiebevidsthed.htm">Nielsen, Vagn Oluf (2002): ’’Historiebevidsthed som historiesyn’’</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117165613/http://www.emu.dk/gym/fag/hi/noter/historiebevidsthed.htm">Arkiveret</a> 17. januar 2012 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Hentet den 27. oktober 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Bent Egaa (2007), s. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109080655/http://historiskmetode.hansreitzel.dk/">"<i> Bent Egaa Kristensen</i>: Historisk metode"</a>. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historiskmetode.hansreitzel.dk/">originalen</a> 9. november 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 8. november 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=+Bent+Egaa+Kristensen%3A+Historisk+metode&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoriskmetode.hansreitzel.dk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AHistorisk+metode" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Claus Møller Jørgensen (2012) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.temphist.dk/archive/temp_nr4_12.pdf">Historiografiens formål</a>"<i><a href="/wiki/Temp_(tidsskrift)" title="Temp (tidsskrift)">Temp</a></i>, nr. 4, s. 145-164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Bent Egaa (2007), s. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Kristian Erslev: Grundsætninger for historisk Kildekritik, København 1892 (31 sider)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Bent Egaa (2007), s. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gads Historieleksikon</i>, 3. udgave. København: Gads forlag, 2006, s.260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kri191-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kri191_10-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kri191_10-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Bent Egaa (2007), s. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Historien findes ikke, den skrives, Information 22/6 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Bent Egaa (2007), s. 260f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFMikkel_Runge_Olesen2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikkel_Runge_Olesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikkel Runge Olesen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mikkel Runge Olesen</a> (12. oktober 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Kultur/Medier/2014/10/10/10111236.htm">"Anmeldelse: 1864 virker unødvendigt karikeret"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DR" title="DR">DR</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anmeldelse%3A+1864+virker+un%C3%B8dvendigt+karikeret&rft.date=2014-10-12&rft.au=Mikkel+Runge+Olesen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dr.dk%2FNyheder%2FKultur%2FMedier%2F2014%2F10%2F10%2F10111236.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AHistorisk+metode" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Bent Egaa (2007), s. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Poulsen, Marianne (1999): Historiebevidstheder – elever i 1990’ernes folkeskole og gymnasium. 1. udgave, Roskilde Universitetsforlag. 47, s. 137</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politisk_historie" title="Politisk historie">politisk historie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialhistorie" title="Socialhistorie">socialhistorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulturhistorie" title="Kulturhistorie">kulturhistorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Id%C3%A9historie" title="Idéhistorie">idéhistorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomisk_historie" title="Økonomisk historie">økonomisk historie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknologihistorie" title="Teknologihistorie">teknologihistorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begrebshistorie" title="Begrebshistorie">begrebshistorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B8historie" title="Miljøhistorie">miljøhistorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_historie" title="Transnational historie">transnational historie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrohistorie" title="Mikrohistorie">mikrohistorie</a></li> 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diakron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historiske tidsskrifter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Den_jyske_Historiker" title="Den jyske Historiker">Den jyske Historiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortid_og_Nutid" title="Fortid og Nutid">Fortid og Nutid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historisk_Tidsskrift" title="Historisk Tidsskrift">Historisk Tidsskrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulturstudier_(tidsskrift)" title="Kulturstudier (tidsskrift)">Kulturstudier (tidsskrift)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slagmark_(tidsskrift)" title="Slagmark (tidsskrift)">Slagmark (tidsskrift)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temp_(tidsskrift)" title="Temp (tidsskrift)">Temp (tidsskrift)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historie_(tidsskrift)" title="Historie (tidsskrift)">Historie (tidsskrift)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbejderhistorie" title="Arbejderhistorie">Arbejderhistorie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verdenshistorie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikas_historie" title="Afrikas historie">Afrikas historie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiens_historie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiens historie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Asiens historie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europas_historie" title="Europas historie">Europas historie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordamerikas_historie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordamerikas historie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nordamerikas historie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceaniens_historie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oceaniens historie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Oceaniens historie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydamerikas_historie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydamerikas historie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sydamerikas historie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span 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