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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Naik" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Naik" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Naik" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Naik" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasaysayan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unang_kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unang_kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Unang kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unang_kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_mga_modernong_naik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinagmulan_ng_mga_modernong_naik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pinagmulan ng mga modernong naik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_mga_modernong_naik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Inglatera_sa_pagitan_ng_mga_digmaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Inglatera_sa_pagitan_ng_mga_digmaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Paglawig ng mga naik sa Inglatera sa pagitan ng mga digmaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Inglatera_sa_pagitan_ng_mga_digmaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Hilagang_Amerika_pagkatapos_ng_digmaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Hilagang_Amerika_pagkatapos_ng_digmaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Paglawig ng mga naik sa Hilagang Amerika pagkatapos ng digmaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Hilagang_Amerika_pagkatapos_ng_digmaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palko_ng_mga_larawan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palko_ng_mga_larawan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Palko ng mga larawan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palko_ng_mga_larawan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Talaan ng mga Nilalaman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Naik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 79 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 (na) wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorstad" title="Voorstad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voorstad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underburg" title="Underburg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Underburg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ضاحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضاحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbiu" title="Suburbiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Suburbiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99h%C9%99r%C9%99traf%C4%B1_zona" title="Şəhərətrafı zona – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəhərətrafı zona" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D2%AB%D1%82%D3%99" title="Биҫтә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биҫтә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronang_suburbano" title="Ronang suburbano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ronang suburbano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Прадмесце – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прадмесце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Прадмесьце – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прадмесьце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Предградие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Предградие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="শহরতলি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শহরতলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predgra%C4%91e" title="Predgrađe – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Predgrađe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbi" title="Suburbi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Suburbi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قەراغی شار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قەراغی شار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edm%C4%9Bst%C3%AD" title="Předměstí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předměstí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хулаçум – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хулаçум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maestref" title="Maestref – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maestref" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forstad" title="Forstad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forstad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorort" title="Vorort – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorort" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προάστιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προάστιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Suburb" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta%C5%ADurbo" title="Antaŭurbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antaŭurbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbio" title="Suburbio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suburbio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agul" title="Agul – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Agul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldiri" title="Aldiri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aldiri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1" title="حومه شهر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حومه شهر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esikaupunki" title="Esikaupunki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Esikaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Banlieue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBtenwyk" title="Bûtenwyk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bûtenwyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruachbhaile" title="Bruachbhaile – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bruachbhaile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbio" title="Suburbio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Suburbio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8" title="פרוור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उपनगर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपनगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predgra%C4%91e" title="Predgrađe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predgrađe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fobou" title="Fobou – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fobou" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BClv%C3%A1ros" title="Külváros – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Külváros" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Արվարձան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արվարձան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinggir_kota" title="Pinggir kota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pinggir kota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Athverfi" title="Úthverfi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Úthverfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobborgo" title="Sobborgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sobborgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E5%A4%96" title="郊外 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="郊外" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გარეუბანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გარეუბანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಬಡಾವಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಡಾವಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%99%B8" title="교외 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교외" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbium" title="Suburbium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Suburbium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veurstad" title="Veurstad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veurstad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priemiestis" title="Priemiestis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Priemiestis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priek%C5%A1pils%C4%93ta" title="Priekšpilsēta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Priekšpilsēta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Предградие – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Предградие" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subbandar" title="Subbandar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Subbandar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उपनगर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उपनगर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buitenwijk" title="Buitenwijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Buitenwijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forstad" title="Forstad – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forstad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forstad" title="Forstad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forstad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banl%C3%A8ga" title="Banlèga – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Banlèga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਉਪਨਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਪਨਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przedmie%C5%9Bcie" title="Przedmieście – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przedmieście" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub%C3%BArbio" title="Subúrbio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subúrbio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbie" title="Suburbie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Suburbie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Пригород – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пригород" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Тас хото – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тас хото" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predgra%C4%91e" title="Predgrađe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Predgrađe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Suburb" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predmestie" title="Predmestie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Predmestie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periferia" title="Periferia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Periferia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B5" title="Предграђе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Предграђе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rort" title="Förort – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förort" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambizo" title="Pambizo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pambizo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="புறநகர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புறநகர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ชานเมือง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชานเมือง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banliy%C3%B6" title="Banliyö – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Banliyö" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Передмістя – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Передмістя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مضافات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مضافات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo%E1%BA%A1i_%C3%B4" title="Ngoại ô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngoại ô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E5%8C%BA" title="郊区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="郊区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გალეგანობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გალეგანობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%8A%E5%8D%80" title="郊區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="郊區" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C4%AB-g%C5%8Da" title="Chhī-gōa – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhī-gōa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%83%8A" title="市郊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="市郊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188509#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Naik" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Naik" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{.mw-parser-output .ns-0 .hatnote{display:none}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Huwag ikalito sa <a href="/wiki/Naic" title="Naic">Naic</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG/325px-NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG" decoding="async" width="325" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG/488px-NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG/650px-NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3064" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nassau_County,_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nassau County, New York (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nassau County</a>, sa <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> ay sumisimbolo sa patuloy na paggapang ng kalungsuran ng <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_New_York" title="Lungsod ng New York">Lungsod ng New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Suburbia_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Suburbia_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/325px-Suburbia_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Suburbia_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/488px-Suburbia_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Suburbia_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/650px-Suburbia_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Mga <i>tract housing</i> sa Colorado Springs, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. Ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cul-de-sac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cul-de-sac (hindi pa naisusulat)">cul-de-sac</a> ay palatandaan ng mga pagpaplano ng mga naik.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang <b>naik</b> (<small>pagbigkas:</small> ná•ik; <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a>: <i lang="en">suburb</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o <b>arabal</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>: <i lang="es">arrabal</i>) ay kanugnóg na pook ng <a href="/wiki/Lungsod" title="Lungsod">lungsod</a> na karaniwan ay binubuo ng mga kabahayan o pook na samot-saring pinaggagamitan, mapabahagi man ng isang lungsod o kalakhang kalungsuran (tulad sa <a href="/wiki/Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina">Tsina</a> at <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>), o bilang isang hiwalay na pamayanang pangkabahayan na maaaring manakay lang patungong kalungsuran (tulad sa <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a>). </p><p>May antas ng awtonomiya sa pangangasiwa ang ilang naik, at karamihan ay may higit na mababang kapal ng populasyon kaysa sa pinakalungsod. Unang nagsulputan nang maramihan ang mga naik noong ika-19 at ika-20 dantaon dulot ng pagbuti ng transportasyon sa kalsada at riles, na nagparami sa mga namamasahe.<sup id="cite_ref-Hollow_2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hollow_2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karaniwang nagsusulputan ang mga naik sa paligid ng mga lungsod na malawak ang kalapít na kapatagan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kasaysayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unang_kasaysayan">Unang kasaysayan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Unang kasaysayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Unang kasaysayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasabay ng pagdami ng mga kabayanang pamayanan ang pagsulpot ng mga unang naik. Ang mga napapaderang mga lungsod ay naging sentro kung saan nagsulputan ang mga maliliit na pamayanang malapit sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamilihang_bayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamilihang bayan (hindi pa naisusulat)">pamilihang bayan</a>. Ang salitang 'suburbani' (pinagmulan ng <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a> na 'suburban') ay unang ginamit ng Romanong lider na si <a href="/wiki/Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, bilang pagtukoy sa mga malalaking villa at lupain ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricio (hindi pa naisusulat)">patricio</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> sa labas ng lungsod. </p><p>Habang lumalago ang mga populasyon noong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maagang_Makabagong_Panahon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maagang Makabagong Panahon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Maagang Makabagong Panahon</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, yumabong ang mga naik dulot ng patuloy na pagdagsa ng mga tao mula sa kanayunan. Sa ilang lugar, kinain ng mga lungsod ang mga kalapít na pamayanan nang lumawig ang nasasakupan nito. Karaniwang mga mahihirap ang naninirahan sa mga lugar na nakapalibot sa mga lungsod.<sup id="cite_ref-infoplease_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinagmulan_ng_mga_modernong_naik">Pinagmulan ng mga modernong naik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pinagmulan ng mga modernong naik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pinagmulan ng mga modernong naik"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bunga ng mabilisang pandarayuhan ng mga taong mula sa kanayunan patungo sa mga maindustriyang lungsod ng <a href="/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera">Inglatera</a> noong huling bahagi ng ika-18 dantaon, nabaligtad ang kalakaran at ang mga bagong may kayang gitnang uri ay nagsimulang mamilí ng lupain at villa sa labas ng <a href="/wiki/London" class="mw-disambig" title="London">London</a>. Napabilis ang kalakarang ito hanggang ika-19 na dantaon, lalo na sa mga lungsod gaya ng London at <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> na nakararanas ng mabilis na pag-unlad, at ang mga unang distritong naik ay sumulpot sa paligid ng sentro ng lungsod upang magbigay-daan sa mga taong gusto makalisan sa nanlilimahid ng kondisyon ng mga lungsod. Sa pagtatapós ng dantaon, nang mapaunlad ang sistema ng pampulikong transportasyon gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Metro_(sistemang_daambakal)" title="Metro (sistemang daambakal)">metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trambiya" title="Trambiya">trambiya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a>, naging posible nang manirahan sa labas ng lungsod ang nakararami sa populasyon nito at mamasahe na lang patungo sa sentro ng kalakalan.<sup id="cite_ref-infoplease_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoplease-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Metro-Land_(1921).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pinta ng kalahating-trosong bahay na nakatayo sa likuran ng daanan at bulaklakan. Sa ilalim ng pinta, ang pamagat na "METRO-LAND" sa malaking titik at sa maliit na titik naman ang presyo na dalawang pence." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Metro-Land_%281921%29.png/220px-Metro-Land_%281921%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Metro-Land_%281921%29.png/330px-Metro-Land_%281921%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Metro-Land_%281921%29.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Pabalát ng Metro-Land guide na inilimbag noong 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>Sa gitnang bahagi ng ika-19 na dantaon, ang mga unang pangunahing naik ay nag-uusbungan na sa paligid ng London, dahil sa ang lungsod (pinakamalaki noong panahong iyon) ay nagiging masikip at marumi na. Naging hudyat ng paglago ng mga naik ang pagbubukás ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan Railway (hindi pa naisusulat)">Metropolitan Railway</a> (Met) noong mga 1860. Pinagdugtong ng linya ng riles ang sentro ng pananalapi ng lungsod (ng London) at ang mga magiging naik ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middlesex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middlesex (hindi pa naisusulat)">Middlesex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naabot ang Harrow noong 1880, at kalaunan umabot ang linya hanggang sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buckinghamshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buckinghamshire (hindi pa naisusulat)">Buckinghamshire</a>, may 80 km mula sa Baker Street at sentro ng London. </p><p>Di gaya ng iba pang kompanya ng riles, na dapat magbenta ng mga labis na lupain, pinayagan ang Met na hawakan pa rin ang mga naturang lupain sa paniniwalang magagamit ng mga riles sa hinaharap.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa simula, ang labis na lupain ay pinamahalaan ng Komite sa Lupa,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at, mula noong mga 1880, ang lupain ay pinaayos at ibinenta sa mga lokal na mamimili sa mga lugar tulad ng Willesden Park Estate, Cecil Park, malapit sa Pinner at sa Wembley Park. </p><p>Ang taguring "Metro-land" ay linikha ng Met noong 1915, nang ang <i>Guide to the Extension Line</i> ay naging gabay na <i>Metro-land</i>, na ibinebenta sa halagang 1<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%A3sd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="£sd (hindi pa naisusulat)">d</a>. Itinampok nito ang mga lugar na dinadaanan ng Met para sa mga manlalakad, dayo, at kalaunan ang mga naghahanap ng bahay.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taunang inilathala hanggang 1932, ang huling buong taong malaya pa ang Met, ipinakita na gabay ang benepisyo ng "The good air of the Chilterns", gamit ang mga katagang "Each lover of Metroland may well have his own favourite wood beech and coppice — all tremulous green loveliness in Spring and russet and gold in October".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ginawang pangarap ang isang modernong bahay sa kanayunan na may mabilis na serbisyo ng tren patungo sa sentro ng London.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noong mga 1915, nagsikumpulan ang mga taga-London upang manirahan sa kanilang pinapangarap na malalawak na mga bagong tayóng mga naik sa kabila ng hilagang-kanlurang London.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Inglatera_sa_pagitan_ng_mga_digmaan">Paglawig ng mga naik sa Inglatera sa pagitan ng mga digmaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Paglawig ng mga naik sa Inglatera sa pagitan ng mga digmaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Paglawig ng mga naik sa Inglatera sa pagitan ng mga digmaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Malaki ang naging impluwensiya ng <i>garden city movement</i> ni Ebenezer Howard at ng pagtatayô ng mga halamanan sa mga naik sa pagpasok ng ika-20 dantaon sa paglago ng mga naik noong panahon sa pagitan ng mga digmaan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naitayo ang unang halamanang naik sa pagsisikap ng panlipunang repormistang si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrietta_Barnett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henrietta Barnett (hindi pa naisusulat)">Henrietta Barnett</a> at ng kaniyang asawa. Naging inspirasyon nila si Ebenezer Howard at ang kilusan para sa pagsasagawa ng modelong pabahay (naging halimbawa nito ang halamanang lungsod ng Letchworth), pati na rin ang kagustuhang maprotektahan ang bahagi ng Hampstead Heath mula sa pagpapaunlad. Nagtatag sila ng mga trust noong 1904 na bumili sa 243 <a href="/wiki/Akre_(sukat)" title="Akre (sukat)">akre</a> (98.4 <a href="/wiki/Ektarya" title="Ektarya">ha</a>.) ng lupain sa kahabaan ng bagong bukas na Northern line extension na pa-Golders Green at itinayo rito ang Hampstead Garden Suburb. Nakahikayat ng talento ng mga arkitekto ang naik, gaya nina Raymond Unwin at Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Lutyens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Lutyens (hindi pa naisusulat)">Edwin Lutyens</a>, at ito'y kalauna'y lumawig pa sa 800 akre (323.7 ha.).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Mentmore_Cottages.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mentmore_Cottages.gif/267px-Mentmore_Cottages.gif" decoding="async" width="267" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Mentmore_Cottages.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption>Mock Tudor semi-detached cottage, itinayo c.1870.</figcaption></figure> <p>Noong <a href="/wiki/Unang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>, kinomisyon ang Tudor Walters Committee na magbigay ng mga rekomendasyon para sa rekonstruksiyon pagkatapos ng digmaan at pagpapatayo ng mga bahay. Bahagi ito ng pagtugon sa pagkagulat sa kakulangan sa pangangatawan ng maraming recruit noong Digmaang Pandaigdig I, dahil na rin sa pangit na kalagayan ng kanilang mga tirahan; isang paniniwalang maibubuod sa katagang ginamit sa poster sa pabahay noong panahong iyon "you cannot expect to get an A1 population out of C3 homes" ("hindi ka makakaasa ng A1 na populasyon mula sa C3 na pabahay") – na tumutukoy sa klasipikasyon ng pangangatawan ng mga militar noong naturang panahon. </p><p>Ginamit ng pamahalaan ang ulat ng Komite noong 1917, na nagsabatas sa <i>Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919</i>, na kinilala rin na <i>Addison Act</i>, isinunod ito kay Dr. Christopher Addison, ang noo'y Ministro sa Pabahay. Pinayagan ng batas ang pagtatayo ng mga bago at malalaking lupaing pabahay sa mga naik pagkatapos ng <a href="/wiki/Unang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at naging simula ng mahabang tradisyon noong ika-20 dantaon ng pabahay na pag-aari ng estado, na magiging <i>council estates</i> kalaunan. </p><p>Isinabatas din ng Ulat ng Komite ang kinakailangang, pinakamababang pamantayan para sa pagpapatayo sa mga naik; kasama rito ang regulasyon sa pinakamataas na kapal ng pabahay at ng kanilang pagkakayos. Inirekomenda din nito ang nararapat na bilang ng silid-tulugan at iba pang silid bawat bahay. Bagaman unang idinisenyo ng Shaws (mag-amang architectural partnership) noong ika-18 siglo ang semi-detached na bahay, noon lang lumaganap ang pabahay sa mga naik, noong panahon sa pagitan ng mga digmaan unag namayagpag ang semi-detached na bahay bilang simbolo ng naik, na higit na pinipili ng mga gitnang uring maybahay kaysa sa maliliit na <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Townhouse (hindi pa naisusulat)">townhouse</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lubhang naimpluwensiyahan ng <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> ang disenyo ng maraming kabahayan na naging katangian noong naturang panahon, batay na rin sa mga Tudor Revival, estilong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsalet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsalet (hindi pa naisusulat)">tsalet</a> (<i>chalet</i>), at pati disenyo ng barko. </p><p>Sa loob lamang ng isang dekada, biglaang dumami ang laki ng mga naik. Mula 1,500 hanggang higit sa 10,000 ang Harrow Weald habang ang Pinner ay tumalon mula 3,000 hanggang higit 20,000. Noong mga 1930, naging may pinakamalaking populasyon sa mga naik ang Inglatera sa buong daigdig dahil sa 'suburban revolution' kung saan higit sa 4 milyong bagong pabahay sa naik ang itinayo.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paglawig_ng_mga_naik_sa_Hilagang_Amerika_pagkatapos_ng_digmaan">Paglawig ng mga naik sa Hilagang Amerika pagkatapos ng digmaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Paglawig ng mga naik sa Hilagang Amerika pagkatapos ng digmaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Paglawig ng mga naik sa Hilagang Amerika pagkatapos ng digmaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lumago ng husto ang populasyon sa mga naik sa Hilagang Amerika pagkatapos ng <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>. Sabáyang nagtungo sa mga naik ang mga nagsiuwiang mga beterano upang makapagsimula ng bagong pamumuhay. Umunlad ang Levittown sa <a href="/wiki/Estado_ng_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado ng New York">New York</a> bilang isang pangunahing gumagawa ng prototype ng pangmasang pabahay. Kasabay nito, mabilis na nagtungo pa-hilaga ang mga <a href="/wiki/Aprikano-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Aprikano-Amerikano">Aprikano-Amerikano</a> upang makahanap ng maayos na trabaho at magkaroon ng oportunidad na makapag-aral na hindi nila nakakukuha sa Timog kung saan sila ihinihiwalay. Ang pagbuhos nila sa mga lungsod sa Hilaga, kasabay ng mga riot ng iba't-ibang lahi sa maraming malalaking lungsod gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> ay lalo pang nagtulak sa mga puti na lumiban patungong mga naik. Nakatulong sa paglago ng mga naik ang pagsasaayos ng mga batas sa pagsosona, <i>redlining</i> at iba't ibang inobasyon sa transportasyon. Pagkatapos ng Digmaang Pandaigdig II, pinasigla pa ng mga pautang ng Federal Housing Administration ang <i>housing boom</i> sa mga naik sa Amerika. Sa ilang matatandang lungsod sa hilagang-silangan ng Estados Unidos, unang itinayo sa mga riles ng tren at tram ang <i>streetcar suburb</i> na nakapaghahatid sa mga manggagawang papasók at palabás ng sentro ng mga lungsod kung saan naroroon ang mga trabaho. Isinilang ng kaugaliang ito ang konseptong <i>"bedroom community"</i>, na nangangahulugang nagaganap ang mga gawaing pangnegosyo tuwing umaga sa mga lungsod, kasama ang mga manggagawang lumilisan sa lungsod tuwing gabi para lamang umuwi upang matulog. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Pf006593-suburbs_with_cows.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pf006593-suburbs_with_cows.jpg/275px-Pf006593-suburbs_with_cows.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pf006593-suburbs_with_cows.jpg/413px-Pf006593-suburbs_with_cows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pf006593-suburbs_with_cows.jpg/550px-Pf006593-suburbs_with_cows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Tanawin ng mga ginagawang pabahay malapit sa bukirin sa Richfield, Minnesota (1954).</figcaption></figure> <p>Ang unang malakihang naik na nadebelop sa Estados Unidos ay ang <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> sa New York, isang naik na umusbong sa huling bahagi ng ika-19 na dantaon dahil sa pagdebelop ng mga buong pamayanan para sa mga nakatataas-na-gitnang-uri. Mabilis na paglobo ng populasyon ang idinulot nito. Habang dumami ang nagmamay-ari ng mga sasakyan at lumapad pa ang mga daan, lalo pang nagpatuloy ang kalakarang ng pamamasahe sa Hilagang Amerika. Ang patuloy na paninirahan sa labas ng mga kabayanan at lungsod ay tinawag na <i>urban exodus</i>. </p><p>Nakatulong din ang mga batas sa pagsosona ng mga pook pangkabahayan sa labas ng sentro ng lungsod sa paglikha ng malalawak na lugar o sona kung saan tanging mga pantirahang gusali lang ang papayagang itayo. Itinayo ang mga kabahayan sa mga naik sa higit na malalawak na lote kaysa sa sentro ng lungsod. Sa mga naik, ang mga stand-alone na bahay ang uso. Ang mga gusaling pangkomersiyo at pagawaan ay sa hiwalay na lugar sa lungsod. </p><p>Kasabay ng pagnanaik, maraming kompanya ang nagsimulang ilipat ang kanilang mga tanggapan at iba pang mga pasilidad sa labas ng sentro ng mga lungsod na nagresulta sa pagtaas ng densidad ng mga naunang naik at pagdami ng mga naik na mababa ang densidad na higit pang malayo sa sentro ng mga lungsod. Naging alternatibong estratehiya ang maayos na pagdisenyo ng mga "bagong mga bayan" at pagprotekta ng mga luntiang espasyo sa paligid ng mga lungsod. Ang ilang repormistang panlipunan ay nagbalák pang pagsamahin ang mga pinakamagandang katangian ng mga naturang konsepto para sa kilusang luntiang lungsod.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa Estados Unidos, ang 1950 ang unang taon kung saan higit na maraming tao ang naninirahan sa mga naik kaysa iba pang mga lugar.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pagtatayô ng mga <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyscraper">skyscraper</a> at matinding pagbintog ng halaga ng real estate sa Estados Unidos, ay nagdulot na maging pangnegosyo na lamang halos ang mga sentro ng mga lungsod, na nagtulak sa mga residente na manirahan sa labas na lamang nito. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palko_ng_mga_larawan">Palko ng mga larawan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Palko ng mga larawan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Palko ng mga larawan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Dallas_skyline_and_suburbs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naik ng Dallas, Texas."><img alt="Naik ng Dallas, Texas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dallas_skyline_and_suburbs.jpg/250px-Dallas_skyline_and_suburbs.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dallas_skyline_and_suburbs.jpg/375px-Dallas_skyline_and_suburbs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dallas_skyline_and_suburbs.jpg/500px-Dallas_skyline_and_suburbs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2537" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Naik ng <a href="/wiki/Dallas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kliptown_(184047393).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mga iskwater sa Soweto, naik ng Johannesburg, South Africa"><img alt="Mga iskwater sa Soweto, naik ng Johannesburg, South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kliptown_%28184047393%29.jpg/250px-Kliptown_%28184047393%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kliptown_%28184047393%29.jpg/375px-Kliptown_%28184047393%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kliptown_%28184047393%29.jpg/500px-Kliptown_%28184047393%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mga <a href="/wiki/Iskwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskwater">iskwater</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soweto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soweto (hindi pa naisusulat)">Soweto</a>, naik ng <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Bangsar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bangsar, isang naik sa labas ng Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"><img alt="Bangsar, isang naik sa labas ng Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bangsar.JPG/250px-Bangsar.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bangsar.JPG/375px-Bangsar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bangsar.JPG/500px-Bangsar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsar (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bangsar</a>, isang naik sa labas ng <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Bacoor_Cavite.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bacoor, isang naik ng Maynila, Pilipinas"><img alt="Bacoor, isang naik ng Maynila, Pilipinas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bacoor_Cavite.JPG/250px-Bacoor_Cavite.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bacoor_Cavite.JPG/375px-Bacoor_Cavite.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bacoor_Cavite.JPG/500px-Bacoor_Cavite.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bacoor" title="Bacoor">Bacoor</a>, isang naik ng <a href="/wiki/Kalakhang_Maynila" title="Kalakhang Maynila">Maynila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naik&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.ws/kabitenyo1/naic.htm">History of Naic.</a>": <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2106284">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Naik</i> is a rarely used but highly cultured Tagalog word meaning "suburbs" or "countryside."</p></blockquote> Hinango noong 2014-09-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hollow_2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hollow_2011_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHollow2011" class="citation web cs1">Hollow, Matthew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/1593132/Suburban_Ideals_on_Englands_Interwar_Council_Estates">"Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2012-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suburban+Ideals+on+England%27s+Interwar+Council+Estates&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Hollow&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1593132%2FSuburban_Ideals_on_Englands_Interwar_Council_Estates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2t2P4t8fkJMC"><i>The Fractured Metropolis: Improving the New City, Restoring the Old City, Reshaping the Region</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203233556/http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2t2P4t8fkJMC">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-12-03 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Jonathan Barnett, via Google Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infoplease-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-infoplease_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-infoplease_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/suburb-history-suburbs.html#ixzz2IqMC5s34">"History of Suburbs"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2012-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Suburbs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fworld%2Fsuburb-history-suburbs.html%23ixzz2IqMC5s34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwardsPigram1988" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Dennis; Pigram, Ron (1988). <i>The Golden Years of the Metropolitan Railway and the Metro-land Dream</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloomsbury_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloomsbury Publishing (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bloomsbury</a>. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-870630-11-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-870630-11-4"><bdi>1-870630-11-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Years+of+the+Metropolitan+Railway+and+the+Metro-land+Dream&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=1-870630-11-4&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.au=Pigram%2C+Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Land Clauses Consolidation Act 1845 required railways to sell off surplus lands within ten years of the time given for completion of the work in the line's enabling Act. (Jackson 1986, p. 134)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson 1968, p. 134, 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackon 1986, p. 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowley 2006, p. 206, 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Green 2004, panimula</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.co.uk/explore-history/history-of-london/rambles-in-metro-land.html">"History of London Metro-Land and London's Suburbs"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+London+Metro-Land+and+London%27s+Suburbs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.co.uk%2Fexplore-history%2Fhistory-of-london%2Frambles-in-metro-land.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13619460008581576">"The suburban aspiration in England since 1919"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+suburban+aspiration+in+England+since+1919&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1080%2F13619460008581576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206232730/http://hgstrust.org/history/index.html">"Henrietta Barnett and the Beginnings of the Suburb"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgstrust.org/history/index.html">orihinal</a> noong 2013-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2014-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henrietta+Barnett+and+the+Beginnings+of+the+Suburb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgstrust.org%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206232730/http://hgstrust.org/history/index.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-12-06 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/outcomes1_02.shtml">"Outcomes of the War: Britain"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outcomes+of+the+War%3A+Britain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Fworldwarone%2Fhq%2Foutcomes1_02.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite id="CITEREFLofthouse,_Pamela2012" class="citation journal cs1">Lofthouse, Pamela (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pia.404">"The Development of English Semi-detached Dwellings During the Nineteenth Century"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papers_from_the_Institute_of_Archaeology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papers from the Institute of Archaeology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Papers from the Institute of Archaeology</a></i>. <b>22</b>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubiquity_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubiquity Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ubiquity Press</a>: 83–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fpia.404">10.5334/pia.404</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+from+the+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+English+Semi-detached+Dwellings+During+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=83-98&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Fpia.404&rft.au=Lofthouse%2C+Pamela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5334%2Fpia.404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/1593132/Suburban_Ideals_on_Englands_Interwar_Council_Estates">"Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2012-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suburban+Ideals+on+England%E2%80%99s+Interwar+Council+Estates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1593132%2FSuburban_Ideals_on_Englands_Interwar_Council_Estates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ANaik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/howard.htm">Garden Cities of To-Morrow</a>. Library.cornell.edu. Retrieved on 2011-11-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">England, Robert E. and David R. Morgan. <i>Managing Urban America</i>, 1979.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naik&oldid=2087770">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naik&oldid=2087770</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pamayanan" title="Kategorya:Pamayanan">Pamayanan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Mga nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Kategorya:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_naglalaman_ng_Ingles" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Ingles">Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Ingles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_naglalaman_ng_Kastila" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Kastila">Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Kastila</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 00:27, 10 Pebrero 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-09-29T02:12:41Z","dateModified":"2024-02-10T00:27:26Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/05\/NY_Long_Island_Freeport-Merrick_and_East_Bay_IMG_1953.JPG","headline":"pananahanang pantao na kanugnog ng malaking bayan o kalunsuran"}</script> </body> </html>