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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Anplifikadore+operazional" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Anplifikadore+operazional" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Anplifikadore+operazional" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Anplifikadore+operazional" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Notazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konfigurazioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konfigurazioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Konfigurazioak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konfigurazioak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Konfigurazioak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Konfigurazioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konparadorea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konparadorea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Konparadorea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konparadorea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jarraitzailea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jarraitzailea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Jarraitzailea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jarraitzailea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inbertsorea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inbertsorea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Inbertsorea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inbertsorea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ez-inbertsorea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ez-inbertsorea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ez-inbertsorea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ez-inbertsorea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Batutzaile_inbertsorea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batutzaile_inbertsorea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Batutzaile inbertsorea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batutzaile_inbertsorea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kentzailea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kentzailea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kentzailea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kentzailea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integratzailea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integratzailea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Integratzailea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integratzailea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deribatzailea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deribatzailea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Deribatzailea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deribatzailea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beste_erabilpenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beste_erabilpenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Beste erabilpenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beste_erabilpenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anplifikadore operazional</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 52 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="مضخم عملياتي – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مضخم عملياتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificador_operacional" title="Amplificador operacional – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amplificador operacional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Операционен усилвател – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Операционен усилвател" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%95" title="সক্রিয় বিবর্ধক – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সক্রিয় বিবর্ধক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op-amp" title="Op-amp – buginera" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Op-amp" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificador_operacional" title="Amplificador operacional – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amplificador operacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_zesilova%C4%8D" title="Operační zesilovač – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Operační zesilovač" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operationsforst%C3%A6rker" title="Operationsforstærker – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Operationsforstærker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operationsverst%C3%A4rker" title="Operationsverstärker – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Operationsverstärker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier" title="Operational amplifier – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Operational amplifier" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacia_amplifilo" title="Operacia amplifilo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Operacia amplifilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificador_operacional" title="Amplificador operacional – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amplificador operacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsioonv%C3%B5imendi" title="Operatsioonvõimendi – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Operatsioonvõimendi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تقویت‌کننده عملیاتی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تقویت‌کننده عملیاتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaatiovahvistin" title="Operaatiovahvistin – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Operaatiovahvistin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificateur_op%C3%A9rationnel" title="Amplificateur opérationnel – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amplificateur opérationnel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificador_operacional" title="Amplificador operacional – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amplificador operacional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%AA" title="מגבר שרת – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגבר שרת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="आपरेशनल एम्प्लिफायर – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आपरेशनल एम्प्लिफायर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijsko_poja%C4%8Dalo" title="Operacijsko pojačalo – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Operacijsko pojačalo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%B1veleti_er%C5%91s%C3%ADt%C5%91" title="Műveleti erősítő – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Műveleti erősítő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguat_operasional" title="Penguat operasional – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penguat operasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificatore_operazionale" title="Amplificatore operazionale – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amplificatore operazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97" title="オペアンプ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オペアンプ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88" title="Операциялық күшейткіш – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Операциялық күшейткіш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EC%82%B0_%EC%A6%9D%ED%8F%AD%EA%B8%B0" title="연산 증폭기 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연산 증폭기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampflificator_operationalis" title="Ampflificator operationalis – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ampflificator operationalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacinis_stiprintuvas" title="Operacinis stiprintuvas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Operacinis stiprintuvas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacion%C4%81lais_pastiprin%C4%81t%C4%81js" title="Operacionālais pastiprinātājs – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Operacionālais pastiprinātājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="ഓപ്പറേഷണൽ ആംപ്ലിഫയർ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓപ്പറേഷണൽ ആംപ്ലിഫയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguat_kendalian" title="Penguat kendalian – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penguat kendalian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အော်ပရေရှင်နယ် အင်ပလီဖိုင်ယာ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အော်ပရေရှင်နယ် အင်ပလီဖိုင်ယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operationele_versterker" title="Operationele versterker – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Operationele versterker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasjonsforsterkar" title="Operasjonsforsterkar – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Operasjonsforsterkar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasjonsforsterker" title="Operasjonsforsterker – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Operasjonsforsterker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wzmacniacz_operacyjny" title="Wzmacniacz operacyjny – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wzmacniacz operacyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificador_operacional" title="Amplificador operacional – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amplificador operacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplificator_opera%C8%9Bional" title="Amplificator operațional – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amplificator operațional" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Операционный усилитель – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Операционный усилитель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacioni_poja%C4%8Dava%C4%8D" title="Operacioni pojačavač – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Operacioni pojačavač" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_zosil%C5%88ova%C4%8D" title="Operačný zosilňovač – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Operačný zosilňovač" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacijski_oja%C4%8Devalnik" title="Operacijski ojačevalnik – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Operacijski ojačevalnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplifikator%C3%ABt_operacional" title="Amplifikatorët operacional – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amplifikatorët operacional" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacioni_poja%C4%8Dava%C4%8D" title="Operacioni pojačavač – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Operacioni pojačavač" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operationsf%C3%B6rst%C3%A4rkare" title="Operationsförstärkare – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Operationsförstärkare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="செயற்படு பெருக்கி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயற்படு பெருக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Flemsel_kuvvetlendirici" title="İşlemsel kuvvetlendirici – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşlemsel kuvvetlendirici" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Операційний підсилювач – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Операційний підсилювач" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarshilikli_kuchaytirgich" title="Qarshilikli kuchaytirgich – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qarshilikli kuchaytirgich" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khu%E1%BA%BFch_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_thu%E1%BA%ADt_to%C3%A1n" title="Khuếch đại thuật toán – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khuếch đại thuật toán" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%99%A8" title="运算放大器 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="运算放大器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%99%A8" title="運算放大器 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="運算放大器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178947#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:741_op-amp_in_TO-5_metal_can_package_close-up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/741_op-amp_in_TO-5_metal_can_package_close-up.jpg/180px-741_op-amp_in_TO-5_metal_can_package_close-up.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/741_op-amp_in_TO-5_metal_can_package_close-up.jpg/270px-741_op-amp_in_TO-5_metal_can_package_close-up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/741_op-amp_in_TO-5_metal_can_package_close-up.jpg/360px-741_op-amp_in_TO-5_metal_can_package_close-up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>741 anplifikadore operazionala TO-5 metalezko kapsulatuduna.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Anplifikadore operazionala</b> zirkuitu elektroniko bat da, normalean <a href="/wiki/Txip" title="Txip">zirkuitu integratu</a> bezala aurki dezakeguna. Bi sarrera eta irteera bat dauzka. Gainera, irteera sarrerako <a href="/wiki/Tentsio_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tentsio (argipena)">tentsioen</a> kendurarekiko proportzionala da baldin eta gune linealean lan egiten badu. Proportzio horrek <a href="/wiki/Irabazi_(elektronika)" title="Irabazi (elektronika)">irabazia</a> du izena, eta irteerako tentsioa horrela idatz daiteke: V<sub>out</sub> = G·(V<sup>+</sup> − V<sup>−</sup>) </p><p>Lehenengo anplifikadore operazional monolitikoa <a href="/wiki/1960ko_hamarkada" title="1960ko hamarkada">1960ko hamarkadakoa</a> da, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Widlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Widlar (sortu gabe)">Bob Widlarrek</a> diseinatutako Fairchild <b>μA702</b> (<a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>) izenekoa. Ondoren, Fairchild <b>μA709</b> (<a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>) anplifikadorea atera zuten, baita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Widlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Widlar (sortu gabe)">Bob Widlarrek</a> deiseinatutakoa. Geroago, Fairchild <b>μA741</b> (<a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>) anplifikadorea merkaturatua izan zen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Fullagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Fullagar (sortu gabe)">David Fullagarrek</a> diseinatutakoa eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologia_bipolar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologia bipolar (sortu gabe)">teknologia bipolarrean</a> oinarritutakoa. </p><p>Lehenengo anplifikadore operazionalak eragiketa matematikoak (<a href="/wiki/Batuketa" title="Batuketa">batuketa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenketa" title="Kenketa">kenketa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biderketa" title="Biderketa">biderketa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zatiketa_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zatiketa (argipena)">zatiketa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Integral" title="Integral">integrazioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deribatu" title="Deribatu">deribazioa</a>, eta abar) egiteko erabili zituzten <a href="/wiki/Kalkulagailu" title="Kalkulagailu">kalkulagailu</a> analogikoetan. </p><p>Anplifikadore operazional idealak irabazi infinitua, sarrerako <a href="/wiki/Inpedantzia_elektriko" title="Inpedantzia elektriko">inpedantzia</a> infinitua, irteerako inpedantzia nulu, erantzute denbora nulu eta ez daukate zaratarik. Gainera, sarrerako inpedantzia infinitu hartzen denez, sarrerako korronteak nuluak direla esaten da. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notazioa">Notazioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Notazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Notazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anplifikadore operazionalen <a href="/wiki/Ikur_elektroniko" title="Ikur elektroniko">ikurra</a> ondorengoa da: </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opamppinouts.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A.O.ren ikurra"><img alt="A.O.ren ikurra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Opamppinouts.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </p><p>Terminaleen izenak: </p> <ul><li>V<sub>+</sub>: sarrera ez-inbertsorea</li> <li>V<sub>-</sub>: sarrera inbertsorea</li> <li>V<sub>OUT</sub>: irteera</li> <li>V<sub>S+</sub>: elikadura positiboa</li> <li>V<sub>S-</sub>: elikadura negatiboa</li></ul> <p>Elikadurako terminalen notazioa alda daiteke Anplifikadore Operazionalaren teknologiaren arabera. <a href="/wiki/MOSFET_transistore" class="mw-redirect" title="MOSFET transistore">MOSFET transistoreez</a> egina badago <i>V<sub>DD</sub></i> eta <i>V<sub>SS</sub></i> <a href="/wiki/Transistore_bipolar" title="Transistore bipolar">BJT transistoreez</a> egina badago berriz, <i>V<sub>CC</sub></i> eta <i>V<sub>EE</sub></i>. </p><p>Oro har, zirkuituen marrazkietan, elikadurako terminalak ez ohi dira marrazten zirkuitua argiago ikus dadin. Horrexegatik, kontuz ibili behar da ze marrazturik ez egoteak ez du esan nahi elikatu behar ez direnik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konfigurazioak">Konfigurazioak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konfigurazioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Konfigurazioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konparadorea">Konparadorea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konparadorea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Konparadorea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampcomparator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tentsio konparadorea."><img alt="Tentsio konparadorea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Opampcomparator.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="90" /></a></span> </p><p>Atzeraelikadurarik gabeko konfigurazio bat da. Bi sarreren tentsioak konparatu eta irteera jakin bat ematen du emaitzaren arabera: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{out}=\left\{{\begin{matrix}V_{S+}&V_{1}>V_{2}\\V_{S-}&V_{1}<V_{2}\end{matrix}}\right.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>></mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>S</mi> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{out}=\left\{{\begin{matrix}V_{S+}&V_{1}>V_{2}\\V_{S-}&V_{1}<V_{2}\end{matrix}}\right.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/caf0dc29727f7dda5d0163d5a3b6b835769eedda" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.678ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{out}=\left\{{\begin{matrix}V_{S+}&V_{1}>V_{2}\\V_{S-}&V_{1}<V_{2}\end{matrix}}\right.}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jarraitzailea">Jarraitzailea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jarraitzailea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Jarraitzailea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampfollowing.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tentsio jarraitzailea."><img alt="Tentsio jarraitzailea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Opampfollowing.png" decoding="async" width="201" height="111" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="111" /></a></span> </p><p>Sarreretan zein irteeran tentsio berdina duen zirkuitua da. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buffer (sortu gabe)">Buffer</a> bezala erabiltzen da, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karga_efektu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karga efektu (sortu gabe)">karga efektuak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Inpedantzia_elektriko" title="Inpedantzia elektriko">inpedantziak</a> finkatzeko (inpedantzia handiko elementu bat inpedantzia txikiko batekin konektatzean edo alderantziz) </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{out}=V_{in}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{out}=V_{in}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c9de879a2f49cfe7d75cd6e98766392af23c3015" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.158ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{out}=V_{in}}"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z_{in}=\infty }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z_{in}=\infty }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d32bbc3424afe231082965ec9d93a1e6003e9621" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.796ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z_{in}=\infty }"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inbertsorea">Inbertsorea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Inbertsorea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Inbertsorea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampinverting.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anplifikadore inbertsorea."><img alt="Anplifikadore inbertsorea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Opampinverting.svg/250px-Opampinverting.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Opampinverting.svg/375px-Opampinverting.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Opampinverting.svg/500px-Opampinverting.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="816" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li>Irteerako tentsioa:</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{+}=V_{-}=0\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{+}=V_{-}=0\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3e6f4f95e459f70b38db8c1cdb28c0f117d3e74b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.294ex; width:12.999ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{+}=V_{-}=0\!}"></span><br /><br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {I_{1}}={I_{in}}+{I_{2}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {I_{1}}={I_{in}}+{I_{2}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/620cbec99ea50f538b4b058ce0e684c92980fd17" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:12.903ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {I_{1}}={I_{in}}+{I_{2}}\!}"></span><br /><br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {I_{in}}=0\Rightarrow {I_{1}}={I_{2}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">⇒</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {I_{in}}=0\Rightarrow {I_{1}}={I_{2}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3a4dd2d941bc1b417d6a90adaa727a4a90f37f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:17.937ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {I_{in}}=0\Rightarrow {I_{1}}={I_{2}}\!}"></span><br /><br /> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {I_{1}}={\frac {V_{in}-0}{R_{in}}}={\frac {0-V_{out}}{R_{f}}}\Rightarrow V_{out}=-{\frac {R_{f}}{R_{in}}}V_{in}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⇒</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {I_{1}}={\frac {V_{in}-0}{R_{in}}}={\frac {0-V_{out}}{R_{f}}}\Rightarrow V_{out}=-{\frac {R_{f}}{R_{in}}}V_{in}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ccc54ef9279877a88ea83b410d6880acccc631ea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:44.979ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {I_{1}}={\frac {V_{in}-0}{R_{in}}}={\frac {0-V_{out}}{R_{f}}}\Rightarrow V_{out}=-{\frac {R_{f}}{R_{in}}}V_{in}\!}"></span><br /><br /> </p> <ul><li>Tentsio irabazia:</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G={\frac {V_{o}}{V_{in}}}=-{\frac {R_{f}}{R_{in}}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G={\frac {V_{o}}{V_{in}}}=-{\frac {R_{f}}{R_{in}}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5452008c02f79774b4bcbc706341078696bb1086" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; margin-right: -0.108ex; width:17.916ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G={\frac {V_{o}}{V_{in}}}=-{\frac {R_{f}}{R_{in}}}\!}"></span> </p> <ul><li>Sarrerako inpedantzia:</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z_{in}=R_{in}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z_{in}=R_{in}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/95593acccdc0f65d0a0635d185b4f9497d0a6806" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:10.022ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z_{in}=R_{in}\!}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ez-inbertsorea">Ez-inbertsorea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ez-inbertsorea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ez-inbertsorea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampnoninverting.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anplifikadore ez-inbertsorea."><img alt="Anplifikadore ez-inbertsorea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Opampnoninverting.png/250px-Opampnoninverting.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Opampnoninverting.png/375px-Opampnoninverting.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Opampnoninverting.png/500px-Opampnoninverting.png 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="377" /></a></span> </p><p>Sarrerako tentsioa operazionalaren pin positiboan jartzen da. Operazionalaren irabazia oso handia da. Horrez gain, pin positiboaren eta negatiboaren tentsioak berdinak dira (masa birtualaren printzipioa dela-eta), eta pin negatiboaren tentsioa jakinda, irteerako eta sarrerako tentsioen erlazio matematikoa kalkulatu daiteke. </p> <ul><li>Tentsio irabazia:</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G={\frac {V_{o}}{V_{in}}}=(1+{\frac {R_{2}}{R_{1}}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G={\frac {V_{o}}{V_{in}}}=(1+{\frac {R_{2}}{R_{1}}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bc2ace452c27cee14bb0c82042cf7716d1336592" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:21.467ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G={\frac {V_{o}}{V_{in}}}=(1+{\frac {R_{2}}{R_{1}}})}"></span> </p> <ul><li>Sarrerako inpedantzia:</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z_{in}=\infty }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z_{in}=\infty }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d32bbc3424afe231082965ec9d93a1e6003e9621" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.796ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z_{in}=\infty }"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batutzaile_inbertsorea">Batutzaile inbertsorea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Batutzaile inbertsorea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Batutzaile inbertsorea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampsumming.png" class="mw-file-description" title="n sarrerako batutzaile inbertsorea."><img alt="n sarrerako batutzaile inbertsorea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Opampsumming.png/250px-Opampsumming.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Opampsumming.png 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="154" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li>Irteera inbertituta dago. Hau da, sarrerako tentsioa positiboa bada irteerakoa negatiboa, eta negatiboa bada irteera positiboa.</li> <li>R<sub>1</sub>, R<sub>2</sub>,... R<sub>n</sub> <a href="/wiki/Erresistentzia_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Erresistentzia (argipena)">erresistentzia</a> independenteentzako: <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{out}=-R_{f}({\frac {V_{1}}{R_{1}}}+{\frac {V_{2}}{R_{2}}}+...+{\frac {V_{n}}{R_{n}}})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{out}=-R_{f}({\frac {V_{1}}{R_{1}}}+{\frac {V_{2}}{R_{2}}}+...+{\frac {V_{n}}{R_{n}}})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd805b980443d2fb450e7b2deaa5c8cae64cbdaa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:34.221ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{out}=-R_{f}({\frac {V_{1}}{R_{1}}}+{\frac {V_{2}}{R_{2}}}+...+{\frac {V_{n}}{R_{n}}})}"></span></li></ul></li> <li>Erresistentzia guztiek balio bera izango balute adierazpen matematikoa sinplifikatuko litzateke.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kentzailea">Kentzailea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kentzailea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Kentzailea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampdifferencing.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anplifikadore kentzailea."><img alt="Anplifikadore kentzailea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Opampdifferencing.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="169" /></a></span> R<sub>1</sub>,R<sub>2</sub>,R<sub>3</sub>,R<sub>4</sub> <a href="/wiki/Erresistentzia_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Erresistentzia (argipena)">erresistentzia</a> independenteentzako: </p> <ul><li><ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{out}=V_{2}\left({\left(R_{3}+R_{1}\right)R_{4} \over \left(R_{4}+R_{2}\right)R_{1}}\right)-V_{1}\left({R_{3} \over R_{1}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{out}=V_{2}\left({\left(R_{3}+R_{1}\right)R_{4} \over \left(R_{4}+R_{2}\right)R_{1}}\right)-V_{1}\left({R_{3} \over R_{1}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e3235e085c617a9f91d866767420f8536602fc22" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:40.275ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{out}=V_{2}\left({\left(R_{3}+R_{1}\right)R_{4} \over \left(R_{4}+R_{2}\right)R_{1}}\right)-V_{1}\left({R_{3} \over R_{1}}\right)}"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integratzailea">Integratzailea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Integratzailea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Integratzailea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampintegrating.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anplifikadore integratzailea."><img alt="Anplifikadore integratzailea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Opampintegrating.png/250px-Opampintegrating.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Opampintegrating.png/375px-Opampintegrating.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Opampintegrating.png/500px-Opampintegrating.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="479" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li>V<sub>in</sub> seinalea integratu eta inbertitzen du. V<sub>in</sub> eta V<sub>out</sub> denboraren menpekoak dira.</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{out}=\int _{0}^{t}-{V_{in} \over RC}\,dt+V_{{out}_{hasierakoa}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>h</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{out}=\int _{0}^{t}-{V_{in} \over RC}\,dt+V_{{out}_{hasierakoa}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c2d0f35bd043bd8d59d358e9840d2b83d8afaa27" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:32.775ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{out}=\int _{0}^{t}-{V_{in} \over RC}\,dt+V_{{out}_{hasierakoa}}}"></span> <ul><li>V<sub>out<sub>hasierakoa</sub></sub> irteeran integratu aurretik zegoen tentsio da.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deribatzailea">Deribatzailea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Deribatzailea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Deribatzailea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Opampdifferentiating.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anplifikadore deribatzailea."><img alt="Anplifikadore deribatzailea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Opampdifferentiating.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="138" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li>Seinalea denborarekiko deribatzen eta inbertitzen du.</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{out}=-RC\,{dV_{in} \over dt}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mi>C</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{out}=-RC\,{dV_{in} \over dt}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8dbe8be3fe27f6fb74d803caeec1e2460d4e7305" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:17.936ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{out}=-RC\,{dV_{in} \over dt}}"></span></li> <li>Zirkuitu hau <a href="/wiki/Iragazki_elektroniko" title="Iragazki elektroniko">iragazki elektroniko</a> bezala ere erabiltzen da.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beste_erabilpenak">Beste erabilpenak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Beste erabilpenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anplifikadore_operazional&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Beste erabilpenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wienen_zubi" title="Wienen zubi">Wienen zubia</a></i> bezalako 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q178947">Q178947</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Operational_amplifiers">Operational amplifiers</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q178947%22">Q178947</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de 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