Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Custom-Made NiTi Closed Coil Springs

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scientific.net/AMM.897.35" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Custom-Made NiTi Closed Coil Springs | Scientific.Net" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scientific.net/AMM.897.35" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/Content/app/scinet5/images/metadata_logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="261" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Scientific.Net Logo" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="en" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Trans Tech Publications Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Custom-Made NiTi Closed Coil Springs" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2020" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2020/04/23" /> <meta name="citation_conference_title" content="4th International Conference on Civil, Architectural, Structural and Construction Engineering" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Applied Mechanics and Materials" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1662-7482" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="897" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="35" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="40" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/AMM.897.35.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/AMM.897.35" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Closed-Coil Springs;Heat Treatment;Nickel-Titanium" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.897.35" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Thanate Assawakawintip" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rochaya Chintavalakorn" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Peerapong Santiwong" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Anak Khantachawana" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Y. Ren, J. C. Maltha, A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman, Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review, Angle Orthod. 73(1) (2003) 86-92." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The super-elastic property of the Japanese NiTi alloy wire for use in orthodontics; citation_author=Fujio Miura; citation_author=Masakuni Mogi; citation_author=Yoshiaki Ohura; citation_author=Hitoshi Hamanaka; citation_volume=90; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1986/7; citation_pages=1-10; citation_doi=10.1016/0889-5406(86)90021-1" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The super-elastic Japanese NiTi alloy wire for use in orthodontics part III. Studies on the Japanese NiTi alloy coil springs; citation_author=Fujlo Miura; citation_author=Masakuni Mogi; citation_author=Yoshiaki Ohura; citation_author=Mitsuru Karibe; citation_volume=94; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1988/8; citation_pages=89-96; citation_doi=10.1016/0889-5406(88)90356-3" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A systematic review of force decay in orthodontic elastomeric power chains; citation_author=Abdelali Halimi; citation_author=Hicham Benyahia; citation_author=Anas Doukkali; citation_author=Mohamed-Faouzi Azeroual; citation_author=Fatima Zaoui; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2012/9; citation_pages=223-240; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ortho.2012.06.013" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Force degradation of closed coil springs: An in vitro evaluation; citation_author=Padmaraj V. Angolkar; citation_author=Janet V. Arnold; citation_author=Ram S. 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Morakabati; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2015/6/3; citation_pages=1014-1021; citation_doi=10.1080/10426914.2015.1048468" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Effects of Orthodontic Forces during Canine Retraction Using Self-ligating Brackets on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Enzyme Activity, Canine Movement and Root Resorption; citation_author=Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab; citation_author=Zulham Yamamoto; citation_author=Albira Sintian; citation_author=Nurfathiha Abu Kasim; citation_author=Intan Zarina Zainol Abidin; citation_author=Sahidan Senafi; citation_author=Zaidah Zainal Ariffin; citation_author=Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin; citation_volume=44; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2015/2/1; citation_pages=249-256; citation_doi=10.17576/jsm-2015-4402-12" /> <meta name="person" content="Thanate Assawakawintip, Rochaya Chintavalakorn, Peerapong Santiwong, Anak Khantachawana" /> <meta name="description" content="To investigate the effects of different temperatures for heat treatment of custom-made NiTi closed coil springs. NiTi closed coil springs (50.8% Ni-49.2%Ti) were manually fabricated around a 0.9mm diameter mandrel and heat treated at temperatures of 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C for 20 minutes. The outer diameter of each specimen was measured to determine the effect of heat treatment temperature on spring geometry. Tensile tests were carried out to measure the force levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm of spring extension. Non-parametric statistical analyses were done to assess and compare the effects of different temperatures of heat treatment on the custom-made orthodontic closed coil springs. Heat treatment at lower temperatures produced larger outer coil diameters than at higher temperatures. Raising the temperature of heat treatment produced significant increases in force levels by 13-18 g especially between 400°C and 500°C at spring extensions of 3, 6 and 9 mm. The highest superelastic ratio of 5.44 was found in the NiTi coil springs that were heat treatment at 500°C for 20 minutes which signifies superelastic tendencies. The mechanical properties of NiTi closed coil springs are influenced by the temperature of heat treatment. The NiTi closed coil springs that were heat treated at 500°C for 20 minutes produce appropriate force levels to display a superelastic tendency for orthodontic use." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Closed-Coil Springs, Heat Treatment, Nickel-Titanium" /> <meta name="copyright" content="2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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class="normal-text" id="paperDownloadsAndVisitorsCount"></span> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-paper-title"> <div class="preview-block"> <img alt="Article Preview" width="128" height="180" src="/AMM.897.35/thumbnail.gif"> <div id="preview-button" data-url-preview-log="/Paper/PreviewImageLog?paperId=556113"> <i class="inline-icon preview-icon"></i> </div>  <div id="paper-preview-modal" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Article Preview</div> </div> <img alt="Article Preview" class="preview-image lazyload" data-src="/AMM.897.35/preview.gif"> <a data-dismiss="modal" title="Close" class="inline-icon close-icon"></a> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="abstract-block-description"> <h3 class="page-paper-first-header">Abstract:</h3> <p class="normal-text"> To investigate the effects of different temperatures for heat treatment of custom-made NiTi closed coil springs. NiTi closed coil springs (50.8% Ni-49.2%Ti) were manually fabricated around a 0.9mm diameter mandrel and heat treated at temperatures of 400掳C, 450掳C, and 500掳C for 20 minutes. The outer diameter of each specimen was measured to determine the effect of heat treatment temperature on spring geometry. Tensile tests were carried out to measure the force levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm of spring extension. Non-parametric statistical analyses were done to assess and compare the effects of different temperatures of heat treatment on the custom-made orthodontic closed coil springs. Heat treatment at lower temperatures produced larger outer coil diameters than at higher temperatures. Raising the temperature of heat treatment produced significant increases in force levels by 13-18 g especially between 400掳C and 500掳C at spring extensions of 3, 6 and 9 mm. The highest superelastic ratio of 5.44 was found in the NiTi coil springs that were heat treatment at 500掳C for 20 minutes which signifies superelastic tendencies. The mechanical properties of NiTi closed coil springs are influenced by the temperature of heat treatment. The NiTi closed coil springs that were heat treated at 500掳C for 20 minutes produce appropriate force levels to display a superelastic tendency for orthodontic use. </p> </div> <div class="paper-access-buttons col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="sa-button-wrap"> <a id="sa-button" class="wayfinder-login d-flex sa-button" href="javascript:;"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <i class="inline-icon sa-white"></i> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="title-button-pdf"> <button id="readPaperButton" data-url-read-paper-log="/Paper/ReadThePaperLog?paperId=556113" class="button button-160"> <span class="inline-element">Read The Paper</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="connected-title-container"> <div class="connected-title-text 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<a class="inline-icon mail-icon-red author-send-message" href="#" data-url="/Paper/_Message?paperId=556113&personId=1606217&urlSent=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.897.35" title="Send message to Corresponding Author"> </a> <a href="/author-papers/thanate-assawakawintip">Thanate Assawakawintip</a>*, <a href="/author-papers/rochaya-chintavalakorn">Rochaya Chintavalakorn</a>, <a href="/author-papers/peerapong-santiwong">Peerapong Santiwong</a>, <a href="/author-papers/anak-khantachawana">Anak Khantachawana</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Keywords:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a href="/paper-keyword/closed-coil-springs">Closed-Coil Springs</a>, <a href="/paper-keyword/heat-treatment-1">Heat Treatment</a>, <a 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Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Custom-Made NiTi Closed Coil Springs | Scientific.Net