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Partiendo de la narrativa indigenista, a" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://uv.academia.edu/KamchatkaRevista" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/EdytaOShanahan" /> <meta name="description" content="RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente artículo es un acercamiento diacrónico a la representación de los mayas en función de las principales tendencias literarias de los siglos XX y XXI en México y Guatemala. Partiendo de la narrativa indigenista, a" /> <title>(PDF) Edyta Andzel-O'Shanahan - "Cambios de perspectiva: representaciones de los mayas en la narrativa mexicana y guatemalteca moderna"</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/44925738/Edyta_Andzel_OShanahan_Cambios_de_perspectiva_representaciones_de_los_mayas_en_la_narrativa_mexicana_y_guatemalteca_moderna_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1352d64050cb971dfa7bcbca0b1672a33ec3c1f5'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740624056000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740624056000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente artículo es un acercamiento diacrónico a la representación de los mayas en función de las principales tendencias literarias de los siglos XX y XXI en México y Guatemala. Partiendo de la narrativa indigenista, a través del híbrido género testimonial, hasta la literatura maya, el artículo demuestra la presencia de los mayas en el discurso literario, en el que se observan cambios importantes en la voz narrativa, perspectiva y agencia. Representados inicialmente por la paternalista narrativa indigenista, los mayas gradualmente van recuperando su propia expresión literaria, libre de la mediación no indígena. La narrativa, con su habilidad de cuestionar los paradigmas establecidos, se convierte en un lugar de resistencia y de la práctica descolonizadora. Dado la extensión del tema a debatir, se analizarán sólo las novelas más representativas o novelizadoras escritas por los autores mayas y no indígenas. El análisis se centrará principalmente en los elementos discursivos de la voz y la perspectiva narrativas. PALABRAS CLAVE: indigenismo, transculturación, mayas, descolonización, literatura indígena.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Kamchatka. 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F44925738%2FEdyta_Andzel_OShanahan_Cambios_de_perspectiva_representaciones_de_los_mayas_en_la_narrativa_mexicana_y_guatemalteca_moderna_%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":65450653,"identifier":"Attachment_65450653","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":44925738,"created_at":"2021-01-18T02:06:26.513-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-18T03:53:56.771-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.7203/KAM.15.15038","abstract":"RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente artículo es un acercamiento diacrónico a la representación de los mayas en función de las principales tendencias literarias de los siglos XX y XXI en México y Guatemala. Partiendo de la narrativa indigenista, a través del híbrido género testimonial, hasta la literatura maya, el artículo demuestra la presencia de los mayas en el discurso literario, en el que se observan cambios importantes en la voz narrativa, perspectiva y agencia. Representados inicialmente por la paternalista narrativa indigenista, los mayas gradualmente van recuperando su propia expresión literaria, libre de la mediación no indígena. La narrativa, con su habilidad de cuestionar los paradigmas establecidos, se convierte en un lugar de resistencia y de la práctica descolonizadora. Dado la extensión del tema a debatir, se analizarán sólo las novelas más representativas o novelizadoras escritas por los autores mayas y no indígenas. El análisis se centrará principalmente en los elementos discursivos de la voz y la perspectiva narrativas. \nPALABRAS CLAVE: indigenismo, transculturación, mayas, descolonización, literatura indígena. ","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":" Cambios de perspectiva: representaciones de los mayas en la narrativa mexicana y guatemalteca moderna"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Edyta Andzel-O'Shanahan - \"Cambios de perspectiva: representaciones de los mayas en la narrativa mexicana y guatemalteca moderna\"","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2898854,22843579]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":65450653,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Edyta Andzel-O'Shanahan - "Cambios de perspectiva: representaciones de los mayas en la narrativa mexicana y guatemalteca moderna"”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/65450653/mini_magick20210118-16659-s2u5c1.png?1610967427" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Edyta Andzel-O'Shanahan - "Cambios de perspectiva: representaciones de los mayas en la narrativa mexicana y guatemalteca moderna"</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2898854" href="https://uv.academia.edu/KamchatkaRevista"><img alt="Profile image of Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2898854/955621/1198852/s65_kamchatka.revista.png" />Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22843579" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdytaOShanahan"><img alt="Profile image of Edyta O'Shanahan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/22843579/20804730/20354666/s65_edyta.o_shanahan.jpg" />Edyta O'Shanahan</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, Cambios de perspectiva: representaciones de los mayas en la narrativa mexicana y guatemalteca moderna</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.7203/KAM.15.15038" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.7203/KAM.15.15038</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">25 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 44925738; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=44925738"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente artículo es un acercamiento diacrónico a la representación de los mayas en función de las principales tendencias literarias de los siglos XX y XXI en México y Guatemala. Partiendo de la narrativa indigenista, a través del híbrido género testimonial, hasta la literatura maya, el artículo demuestra la presencia de los mayas en el discurso literario, en el que se observan cambios importantes en la voz narrativa, perspectiva y agencia. Representados inicialmente por la paternalista narrativa indigenista, los mayas gradualmente van recuperando su propia expresión literaria, libre de la mediación no indígena. La narrativa, con su habilidad de cuestionar los paradigmas establecidos, se convierte en un lugar de resistencia y de la práctica descolonizadora. Dado la extensión del tema a debatir, se analizarán sólo las novelas más representativas o novelizadoras escritas por los autores mayas y no indígenas. El análisis se centrará principalmente en los elementos discursivos de la voz y la perspectiva narrativas. PALABRAS CLAVE: indigenismo, transculturación, mayas, descolonización, literatura indígena. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":65450653,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44925738/Edyta_Andzel_OShanahan_Cambios_de_perspectiva_representaciones_de_los_mayas_en_la_narrativa_mexicana_y_guatemalteca_moderna_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":65450653,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/44925738/Edyta_Andzel_OShanahan_Cambios_de_perspectiva_representaciones_de_los_mayas_en_la_narrativa_mexicana_y_guatemalteca_moderna_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="44925738" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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From indigenismo, through a hybrid and transitional genre known as testimonio, to indigenous literature, the Maya have been present in literary trends over the last century in which several important changes in narrative voice and perspective can be observed. Initially represented by the paternalistic indigenista narrative which is compliant with the government-sponsored ideology, the Maya gradually gain their own unmediated literary voice which enables them to speak for themselves rather than be spoken for. Due to the scope of the subject matter, only the most representative and innovative novels written by both non-indigenous and indigenous authors will be analysed. The paper will focus particularly on narrative voice, perspective and agency.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Shifting perspectives – representations of the Maya in modern Mexican and Guatemalan narrative","attachmentId":50899336,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30458986/Shifting_perspectives_representations_of_the_Maya_in_modern_Mexican_and_Guatemalan_narrative","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30458986/Shifting_perspectives_representations_of_the_Maya_in_modern_Mexican_and_Guatemalan_narrative"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="40410230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40410230/_WALKING_THE_PATH_OF_LETTERS_NEGOTIATING_ASSIMILATION_AND_DIFFERENCE_IN_CONTEMPORARY_MAYAN_LITERATURE_">"WALKING THE PATH OF LETTERS": NEGOTIATING ASSIMILATION AND DIFFERENCE IN CONTEMPORARY MAYAN LITERATURE"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22071633" href="https://bard.academia.edu/NicoleCaso">Nicole Caso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chasqui: Revista de Literatura Latinoamericana (Chasqui) 2018; 47 (1): 32-50., 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ahora tomamos esta palabra que nos ha sido negada por más de cinco siglos, para que llegue a todos los oídos del mundo. (Gaspar Pedro González, El 13 B'aktun 8) When thinking of Latin America's indigenous cultures, it is often assumed that literacy goes hand-in-hand with assimilation into Western epistemology. 1 In practice, however, since the initial period of contact with Spanish colonizers, the dynamic between alphabetical writing and the cultural integrity of communities with oral traditions, or different systems of mnemonic representation, has been significantly more complex. 2 By the mid-sixteenth century, Maya K'iché scribes had already drafted a written rendition of their ancestral stories of origin in the Popol Wuj to preserve them during a period of extreme duress. The text provided both access to the tools of writing and a means to resist the homogenizing pressures imposed by Christian evangelization and Spanish colonial rule (Tedlock 25). Dennis Tedlock describes this early strategy of Mayan endurance through the appropriation of the alphabet in his introduction to the English translation of the Popol Wuj: "Just as Mayan peoples learned to use the symbolism of Christian saints as masks for ancient gods, so they learned to use the Roman alphabet as a mask for ancient texts […] very little time passed before some Mayans found political and religious applications for alphabetic writing that suited their own purposes" (25). Despite the long-standing practice of cultural resistance through the appropriation of writing, it is certainly true that after independence, in the early nineteenth century, the Guatemalan state implemented educational policies that promoted assimilation as a push toward Western notions of modernization and "progress." Members of indigenous communities have long been keenly aware of these top-down efforts to "re-educate" the Maya meant to forge national citizens that fit the Ladino ideal 3-that is, to speak and read Spanish and to familiarize students with a 1 "Walking the path of letters" is from A Mayan Life (González 222). 2 When positing the idea of "cultural integrity" it is helpful to read José Rabasa's reminder that "there is no pure state but a plurality of worlds in which there is porosity between the modern and the non-modern through which information, categories, ideologies and concepts travel back and forth without erasing the pores […]" (Rabasa 91). 3 Ladino refers to Guatemalans who speak Spanish, do not wear traditional indigenous clothing, and have adopted a Western world vision.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"WALKING THE PATH OF LETTERS\": NEGOTIATING ASSIMILATION AND DIFFERENCE IN CONTEMPORARY MAYAN LITERATURE\"","attachmentId":60664399,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40410230/_WALKING_THE_PATH_OF_LETTERS_NEGOTIATING_ASSIMILATION_AND_DIFFERENCE_IN_CONTEMPORARY_MAYAN_LITERATURE_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40410230/_WALKING_THE_PATH_OF_LETTERS_NEGOTIATING_ASSIMILATION_AND_DIFFERENCE_IN_CONTEMPORARY_MAYAN_LITERATURE_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="387179" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/387179/Que_No_Olviden_Su_Cultura_Y_Tambien_El_Idioma_A_Case_Study_of_Mayan_Literacy_Revival_In_the_Pan_Maya_Culture_and_Language_Revitalization_">Que No Olviden Su Cultura, Y Tambien El Idioma: A Case Study of Mayan Literacy Revival In the Pan-Maya Culture and Language Revitalization …</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="294069" href="https://neiu.academia.edu/MaryHolbrock">Mary Holbrock</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Que No Olviden Su Cultura, Y Tambien El Idioma: A Case Study of Mayan Literacy Revival In the Pan-Maya Culture and Language Revitalization …","attachmentId":42392697,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/387179/Que_No_Olviden_Su_Cultura_Y_Tambien_El_Idioma_A_Case_Study_of_Mayan_Literacy_Revival_In_the_Pan_Maya_Culture_and_Language_Revitalization_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/387179/Que_No_Olviden_Su_Cultura_Y_Tambien_El_Idioma_A_Case_Study_of_Mayan_Literacy_Revival_In_the_Pan_Maya_Culture_and_Language_Revitalization_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="35034081" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35034081/Guatemalan_Spanish_As_Act_Of_Identity_An_Analysis_of_Language_And_Minor_Literature_Within_Modern_Maya_Literary_Production">Guatemalan Spanish As Act Of Identity: An Analysis of Language And Minor Literature Within Modern Maya Literary Production</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1561282" href="https://spanalumni.academia.edu/KennethYanesIE">Kenneth Yanes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">My study approaches the use of Guatemalan Spanish in modern Maya literary works through a theoretical framework drawn on theories of "purity" and mestizaje, the concept of minor literature, and "image" and ideology of language. I problematize the "major"/"minor" dichotomy of language based on a Eurocentric view of the dominance of national languages as the extremely diverse linguistic ecology of Latin American lends itself to the deterritorialization of hegemonic discourse, but without sustaining a neat categorization of language. Guatemalan Spanish is a heavily Maya-inflected interlanguage share by all Guatemalans. Mayan writers chose purposefully to counter the ladino ethnocentrism of the time, including its ideologies of racial and linguistic "purity." In spite of the racial caste system that stealthily thrives to this day, these literary works force readers to confront that not only ladino (mestizo) culture has infiltrated Maya society, but that all Guatemalans have been culturally and linguistically mayanized.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Guatemalan Spanish As Act Of Identity: An Analysis of Language And Minor Literature Within Modern Maya Literary Production","attachmentId":54896687,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35034081/Guatemalan_Spanish_As_Act_Of_Identity_An_Analysis_of_Language_And_Minor_Literature_Within_Modern_Maya_Literary_Production","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35034081/Guatemalan_Spanish_As_Act_Of_Identity_An_Analysis_of_Language_And_Minor_Literature_Within_Modern_Maya_Literary_Production"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="39850232" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39850232/ARQUE%C3%93LOGOS_ESPA%C3%91OLES_EN_EL_%C3%81REA_MAYA">ARQUEÓLOGOS ESPAÑOLES EN EL ÁREA MAYA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2789665" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/MiguelRiveraDorado">Miguel Rivera Dorado</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Arqueólogos españoles en el área maya</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Desde el siglo XVIII muy pocos arqueólogos españoles habían pisado el país maya con fines de investigación o académicos. En realidad, puede afirmarse que no hubo en España arqueólogos especializados en la civilización maya hasta que en 1971 el firmante de este artículo pasó una temporada trabajando con el equipo norteamericano de la Universidad de Pensilvania en la península de Tayasal, en el corazón del Petén de Guatemala. Cuando regresé a Madrid me propuse organizar un proyecto estable de excavación en Guatemala o en México. La Misión Arqueológica Española llevaba a cabo a la sazón trabajos en el Ecuador, y su director José Alcina estuvo de acuerdo en trasladar el equipo a Mesoamérica al finalizar el proyecto Esmeraldas y las restauraciones en Ingapirca. De ese modo, en 1973 organicé un equipo para hacer una extensa prospección en el sur y sureste del área cultural con el fin de elegir una zona donde poder realizar excavaciones. Decidimos que el lugar idóneo era el valle del río Samalá, desde Totonicapán hasta el mar, había allí un vacío en el conocimiento de los muchos yacimientos visibles por los restos superficiales, algunos de arquitectura monumental. Las excavaciones sistemáticas empezaron a finales de la década de los setenta en el sitio de Salcajá, no lejos de la ciudad guatemalteca de Quetzaltenango donde se estableció la residencia de los investigadores. Salcajá era un poblado con ocupación muy antigua y las excavaciones resultaron reveladoras para fijar esa antigüedad. Además, el proyecto exploró varios yacimientos en la bocacosta e incluso en los alrededores del puerto de Champerico. Solamente se cerró, de manera abrupta, el trabajo cuando el ejército guatemalteco asaltó la embajada de España en la que se habían refugiado varias decenas de campesinos.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ARQUEÓLOGOS ESPAÑOLES EN EL ÁREA MAYA","attachmentId":60038646,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39850232/ARQUE%C3%93LOGOS_ESPA%C3%91OLES_EN_EL_%C3%81REA_MAYA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39850232/ARQUE%C3%93LOGOS_ESPA%C3%91OLES_EN_EL_%C3%81REA_MAYA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="11516423" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11516423/Tradition_versus_Modernity_in_Contemporary_Yukatekan_Maya_Novels_Yuxtaposing_X_Teya_u_puksiikal_koolel_and_U_y%C3%B3okotilooba_akab">Tradition versus Modernity in Contemporary Yukatekan Maya Novels? Yuxtaposing X-Teya, u puksi'ik'al ko'olel and U yóok'otilo'oba´ak'ab</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4923825" href="https://ucmerced.academia.edu/ArturoArias">Arturo Arias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tradition versus Modernity in Contemporary Yukatekan Maya Novels? Yuxtaposing X-Teya, u puksi'ik'al ko'olel and U yóok'otilo'oba´ak'ab","attachmentId":37315885,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11516423/Tradition_versus_Modernity_in_Contemporary_Yukatekan_Maya_Novels_Yuxtaposing_X_Teya_u_puksiikal_koolel_and_U_y%C3%B3okotilooba_akab","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11516423/Tradition_versus_Modernity_in_Contemporary_Yukatekan_Maya_Novels_Yuxtaposing_X_Teya_u_puksiikal_koolel_and_U_y%C3%B3okotilooba_akab"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="111173342" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111173342/The_Maya_Writing_of_Briceida_Cuevas_and_Flor_Marlene_Herrera">The Maya Writing of Briceida Cuevas and Flor Marlene Herrera</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="160059981" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NatividadGutierrezChong">Natividad Gutierrez Chong</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Maya Writing of Briceida Cuevas and Flor Marlene Herrera","attachmentId":108776072,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111173342/The_Maya_Writing_of_Briceida_Cuevas_and_Flor_Marlene_Herrera","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111173342/The_Maya_Writing_of_Briceida_Cuevas_and_Flor_Marlene_Herrera"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="108950426" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108950426/The_Modern_Maya_A_Culture_in_Transition">The Modern Maya: A Culture in Transition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50053430" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/LawrenceGDesmond">Lawrence G Desmond</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Museum Anthropology, 1993</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Modern Maya: A Culture in Transition","attachmentId":107207854,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108950426/The_Modern_Maya_A_Culture_in_Transition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108950426/The_Modern_Maya_A_Culture_in_Transition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1279081" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1279081/Ah_Dzib_Cahob_yetel_lay_u_katlilob_lae_Maya_Scribes_Colonial_Literacy_and_Maya_Petitionary_Forms_in_Colonial_Yucat%C3%A1n">'Ah Dzib Cahob yetel lay u katlilob lae': Maya Scribes, Colonial Literacy, and Maya Petitionary Forms in Colonial Yucatán</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1147930" href="https://missouristate.academia.edu/JohnChuchiak">John F. 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