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field</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: temperature field"> <meta name="keywords" content="temperature field"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="temperature field"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14518</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: temperature field</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14518</span> Finite Element Method for Calculating Temperature Field of Main Cable of Suspension Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heng%20Han">Heng Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhilei%20Liang"> Zhilei Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangong%20Zhou"> Xiangong Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the finite element method is used to study the temperature field of the main cable of the suspension bridge, and the calculation method of the average temperature of the cross-section of the main cable suitable for the construction control of the cable system is proposed; By comparing and analyzing the temperature field of the main cable with five diameters, a reasonable diameter limit for calculating the average temperature of the cross section of the main cable by finite element method is proposed. The results show that the maximum error of this method is less than 1℃, which meets the requirements of construction control accuracy; For the main cable with a diameter greater than 400mm, the surface temperature measuring points combined with the finite element method shall be used to calculate the average cross-section temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspension%20bridge" title="suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=main%20cable" title=" main cable"> main cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field" title=" temperature field"> temperature field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151307/finite-element-method-for-calculating-temperature-field-of-main-cable-of-suspension-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14517</span> FC and ZFC Studies of Nickel Nano Ferrites and Ni Doped Lithium Nano Ferrites by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ravinder">D. Ravinder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nickel ferrites and Ni doped Lithium nano ferrites [Li0.5Fe0.5]1-xNixFe2O4 with x= 0.8 and 1.0 synthesized by citrate-gel auto combustion method. The broad peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) indicate a crystalline behavior of the prepared samples. Low temperature magnetization studies i,e Field Cooled (FC) and Zero Field Cooled (ZFC) magnetic studies of the investigated samples are measured by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetization of the prepared samples as a function of an applied magnetic field 10 T was measured at two different temperatures 5 K and 310 K. Field Cooled (FC) and Zero Field Cooled (ZFC) magnetization measurements under an applied field of 100 Oe and 1000 Oe in the temperature range of 5–375 K were carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferro-spinels" title="ferro-spinels">ferro-spinels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20cooled%20%28FC%29" title=" field cooled (FC)"> field cooled (FC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zero%20Field%20Cooled%20%28ZFC%29%20and%20blocking%20temperature" title=" Zero Field Cooled (ZFC) and blocking temperature"> Zero Field Cooled (ZFC) and blocking temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superpara%20magnetism" title=" superpara magnetism"> superpara magnetism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery%20applications" title=" drug delivery applications"> drug delivery applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36077/fc-and-zfc-studies-of-nickel-nano-ferrites-and-ni-doped-lithium-nano-ferrites-by-citrate-gel-auto-combustion-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14516</span> Effect of Built in Polarization on Thermal Properties of InGaN/GaN Heterostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bijay%20Kumar%20Sahoo">Bijay Kumar Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An important feature of InₓGa₁-ₓN/GaN heterostructures is strong built-in polarization (BIP) electric field at the hetero-interface due to spontaneous (sp) and piezoelectric (pz) polarizations. The intensity of this electric field reaches several MV/cm. This field has profound impact on optical, electrical and thermal properties. In this work, the effect of BIP field on thermal conductivity of InₓGa₁-ₓN/GaN heterostructure has been investigated theoretically. The interaction between the elastic strain and built in electric field induces additional electric polarization. This additional polarization contributes to the elastic constant of InₓGa₁-ₓN alloy. This in turn modifies material parameters of InₓGa₁-ₓN. The BIP mechanism enhances elastic constant, phonon velocity and Debye temperature and their bowing constants in InₓGa₁-ₓN alloy. These enhanced thermal parameters increase phonon mean free path which boost thermal conduction process. The thermal conductivity (k) of InxGa1-xN alloy has been estimated for x=0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9. Computation finds that irrespective of In content, the room temperature k of InₓGa₁-ₓN/GaN heterostructure is enhanced by BIP mechanism. Our analysis shows that at a certain temperature both k with and without BIP show crossover. Below this temperature k with BIP field is lower than k without BIP; however, above this temperature k with BIP field is significantly contributed by BIP mechanism leading to k with BIP field become higher than k without BIP field. The crossover temperature is primary pyroelectric transition temperature. The pyroelectric transition temperature of InₓGa₁-ₓN alloy has been predicted for different x. This signature of pyroelectric nature suggests that thermal conductivity can reveal pyroelectricity in InₓGa₁-ₓN alloy. The composition dependent room temperature k for x=0.1 and 0.3 are in line with prior experimental studies. The result can be used to minimize the self-heating effect in InₓGa₁-ₓN/GaN heterostructures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built-in%20polarization" title="built-in polarization">built-in polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonon%20relaxation%20time" title=" phonon relaxation time"> phonon relaxation time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20properties%20of%20In%E2%82%93Ga%E2%82%81-%E2%82%93N%20%2FGaN%20heterostructure" title=" thermal properties of InₓGa₁-ₓN /GaN heterostructure"> thermal properties of InₓGa₁-ₓN /GaN heterostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-heating" title=" self-heating"> self-heating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70242/effect-of-built-in-polarization-on-thermal-properties-of-ingangan-heterostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14515</span> Movement of Metallic Inclusions in the Volume of Synthetic Diamonds at High Pressure and High Temperature in the Temperature Gradient Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20I.%20Yachevskaya">P. I. Yachevskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Terentiev"> S. A. Terentiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kuznetsov"> M. S. Kuznetsov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several synthetic HPHT diamonds with metal inclusions have been studied. To have possibility of investigate the movement and transformation of the inclusions in the volume of the diamond the samples parallele-piped like shape has been made out of diamond crystals. The calculated value of temperature gradient in the samples of diamond which was placed in high-pressure cell was about 5-10 grad/mm. Duration of the experiments was in range 2-16 hours. All samples were treated several times. It has been found that the volume (dimensions) of inclusions, temperature, temperature gradient and the crystallographic orientation of the samples in the temperature field affects the movement speed of inclusions. Maximum speed of inclusions’ movement reached a value 150 µm/h. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamond" title="diamond">diamond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusions" title=" inclusions"> inclusions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20gradient" title=" temperature gradient"> temperature gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPHT" title=" HPHT"> HPHT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19108/movement-of-metallic-inclusions-in-the-volume-of-synthetic-diamonds-at-high-pressure-and-high-temperature-in-the-temperature-gradient-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14514</span> Three-dimensional Steady Flow in Thin Annular Pools of Silicon Melt under a Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Mahfoud">Brahim Mahfoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A three-dimensional (3D) numerical technique is used to investigate the possibility of reducing the price of manufacturing some silicon-based devices, particularly those in which minor temperature gradients can significantly reduce performance. The silicon melt under the magnetic field produces Lorentz force, which can effectively suppress the flow which is caused by temperature gradients. This might allow some silicon-based products, such as solar cells, to be manufactured using a less pure, and hence less expensive. The thermocapillary effect of the silicon melt flow in thin annular pools subjected to an externally induced magnetic field was observed. The results reveal that with a strong enough magnetic field, isothermal lines change form and become concentric circles. As the amplitude of the magnetic field (Ha) grows, the azimuthal velocity and temperature at the free surface reduce, and the asymmetric 3D flow becomes axisymmetric steady when Ha surpasses a threshold value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title="magnetic field">magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing" title=" manufacturing"> manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20melt" title=" silicon melt"> silicon melt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermocapillary" title=" thermocapillary"> thermocapillary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174986/three-dimensional-steady-flow-in-thin-annular-pools-of-silicon-melt-under-a-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14513</span> Studying the Temperature Field of Hypersonic Vehicle Structure with Aero-Thermo-Elasticity Deformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geng%20Xiangren">Geng Xiangren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Lei"> Liu Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gui%20Ye-Wei"> Gui Ye-Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tang%20Wei"> Tang Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20An-ling"> Wang An-ling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The malfunction of thermal protection system (TPS) caused by aerodynamic heating is a latent trouble to aircraft structure safety. Accurately predicting the structure temperature field is quite important for the TPS design of hypersonic vehicle. Since Thornton’s work in 1988, the coupled method of aerodynamic heating and heat transfer has developed rapidly. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of structural deformation on aerodynamic heating and structural temperature field. In the flight, especially the long-endurance flight, the structural deformation, caused by the aerodynamic heating and temperature rise, has a direct impact on the aerodynamic heating and structural temperature field. Thus, the coupled interaction cannot be neglected. In this paper, based on the method of static aero-thermo-elasticity, considering the influence of aero-thermo-elasticity deformation, the aerodynamic heating and heat transfer coupled results of hypersonic vehicle wing model were calculated. The results show that, for the low-curvature region, such as fuselage or center-section wing, structure deformation has little effect on temperature field. However, for the stagnation region with high curvature, the coupled effect is not negligible. Thus, it is quite important for the structure temperature prediction to take into account the effect of elastic deformation. This work has laid a solid foundation for improving the prediction accuracy of the temperature distribution of aircraft structures and the evaluation capacity of structural performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerothermoelasticity" title="aerothermoelasticity">aerothermoelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20deformation" title=" elastic deformation"> elastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20temperature" title=" structural temperature"> structural temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-field%20coupling" title=" multi-field coupling"> multi-field coupling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22907/studying-the-temperature-field-of-hypersonic-vehicle-structure-with-aero-thermo-elasticity-deformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14512</span> Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Temperature Distribution and Electric Field in a Natural Rubber Glove during Microwave Heating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Narumitbowonkul">U. Narumitbowonkul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Keangin"> P. Keangin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rattanadecho"> P. Rattanadecho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both numerical and experimental investigation of the temperature distribution and electric field in a natural rubber glove (NRG) during microwave heating are studied. A three-dimensional model of NRG and microwave oven are considered in this work. The influences of position, heating time and rotation angle of NRG on temperature distribution and electric field are presented in details. The coupled equations of electromagnetic wave propagation and heat transfer are solved using the finite element method (FEM). The numerical model is validated with an experimental study at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The results show that the numerical results closely match the experimental results. Furthermore, it is found that the temperature distribution and electric field increases with increasing heating time. The hot spot zone appears in NRG at the tip of middle finger while the maximum temperature occurs in case of rotation angle of NRG = 60 degree. This investigation provides the essential aspects for a fundamental understanding of heat transport of NRG using microwave energy in industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field" title="electric field">electric field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20energy" title=" microwave energy"> microwave energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber%20glove" title=" natural rubber glove"> natural rubber glove</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17194/numerical-and-experimental-analysis-of-temperature-distribution-and-electric-field-in-a-natural-rubber-glove-during-microwave-heating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14511</span> Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Neodymium and Erbium Doped Bismuth Ferrite Multifunctional Materials for Spintronic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinder%20Dachepalli">Ravinder Dachepalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveena%20Gadwala"> Naveena Gadwala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Vani"> K. Vani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nd and Er substituted bismuth nano crystalline multifunctional materials were prepared by citrate gel autocombution technique. The structural characterization was carried out by XRD and SEM. Electrical properties such are electrical conductivity and dielectric properties have been measured. Plots of electrical conductivity versus temperature increases with increasing temperature and shown a transition near Curie temperature. Dielectric properties such are dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent have been measured from 20Hz to 2 MHz at room temperature. Plots of dielectric constant versus frequency show a normal dielectric behaviour of multifunctional materials. Temperature dependence of magnetic properties of Bi-Nd and Bi-Er multi-functional materials were carried out by using Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetization as a function of an applied field ±100 Oe was carried out at 3K and 360 K. Zero field Cooled (ZFC) and Field Cooled (FC) magnetization measurements under an applied field of 100Oe a in the temperature range of 5-375K. The observed results can be explained for spintronic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-Nd%20and%20Bi-Er%20%20Multifunctional%20Materia" title="Bi-Nd and Bi-Er Multifunctional Materia">Bi-Nd and Bi-Er Multifunctional Materia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrate%20Gel%20Auto%20combustion%20Technique" title=" Citrate Gel Auto combustion Technique"> Citrate Gel Auto combustion Technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FC-ZFC%20magnetization" title=" FC-ZFC magnetization"> FC-ZFC magnetization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dielectric%20constant" title=" Dielectric constant"> Dielectric constant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123192/electrical-and-magnetic-properties-of-neodymium-and-erbium-doped-bismuth-ferrite-multifunctional-materials-for-spintronic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14510</span> Simulation Analysis and Control of the Temperature Field in an Induction Furnace Based on Various Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohaibullah%20Zarghoon">Sohaibullah Zarghoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Yousaf"> Syed Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyril%20Belavy"> Cyril Belavy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislav%20Duris"> Stanislav Duris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Emebu"> Samuel Emebu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Matusu"> Radek Matusu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Induction heating is extensively employed in industrial furnaces due to its swift response and high energy efficiency. Designing and optimising these furnaces necessitates the use of computer-aided simulations. This study aims to develop an accurate temperature field model for a rectangular steel billet in an induction furnace by leveraging various parameters in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation analysis incorporated temperature dynamics, considering skin depth, temperature-dependent, and constant parameters of the steel billet. The resulting data-driven model was transformed into a state-space model using MATLAB's System Identification Toolbox for the purpose of designing a linear quadratic regulator (LQR). This controller was successfully implemented to regulate the core temperature of the billet from 1000°C to 1200°C, utilizing the distributed parameter system circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20heating" title="induction heating">induction heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LQR%20controller" title=" LQR controller"> LQR controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20depth" title=" skin depth"> skin depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field" title=" temperature field"> temperature field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188683/simulation-analysis-and-control-of-the-temperature-field-in-an-induction-furnace-based-on-various-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14509</span> Temperature Field Measurement of Premixed Landfill Gas Laminar Flame in a Cylindrical Slot Burner Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahareh%20Najafian%20Ashrafi">Bahareh Najafian Ashrafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Zeidabadinejad"> Hossein Zeidabadinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ashjaee"> Mehdi Ashjaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The temperature field is a key factor of flame heat transfer rate and therefore should be measured accurately. In this study, the Mach-Zehnder Interferometry method is applied to measure the temperature field of premixed air/landfill gas (LFG60:60% CH4+40% CO2) laminar flame. The three-dimensional flame of cylindrical slot burner can assume to be two-dimensional due to the high aspect ratio (L/W=10) of the rectangular slot. So, the method converts two-dimensional flame to closed isothermal curves called fringes and the outer fringes temperature is measured by thermocouples. The experiments are carried out for Reynolds numbers and equivalence ratios ranging from 100 to 400 and 1.0 to 1.4, respectively. Results show that by increasing the equivalence ratio or Reynolds number, the flame height increases. The maximum flame temperature decreases by increasing the equivalence ratio but does not change considerably by changing the Reynolds number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill%20gas" title="landfill gas">landfill gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mach-Zehender%20interferometry" title=" Mach-Zehender interferometry"> Mach-Zehender interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premix%20flame" title=" premix flame"> premix flame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot%20burner" title=" slot burner"> slot burner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20filed" title=" temperature filed "> temperature filed </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126018/temperature-field-measurement-of-premixed-landfill-gas-laminar-flame-in-a-cylindrical-slot-burner-using-mach-zehnder-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14508</span> Optimization Analysis of a Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger with Field Synergy Principle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20C.%20Lin">M. C. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Su"> C. W. Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper investigates the optimization analysis to the heat exchanger design, mainly with response surface method and genetic algorithm to explore the relationship between optimal fluid flow velocity and temperature of the heat exchanger using field synergy principle. First, finite volume method is proposed to calculate the flow temperature and flow rate distribution for numerical analysis. We identify the most suitable simulation equations by response surface methodology. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm approach is applied to optimize the relationship between fluid flow velocity and flow temperature of the heat exchanger. The results show that the field synergy angle plays vital role in the performance of a true heat exchanger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20analysis" title="optimization analysis">optimization analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20synergy" title=" field synergy"> field synergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title=" heat exchanger"> heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50449/optimization-analysis-of-a-concentric-tube-heat-exchanger-with-field-synergy-principle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14507</span> Temperature Distribution Control for Baby Incubator System Using Arduino AT Mega 2560</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Widhiada">W. Widhiada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N.%20K.%20P.%20Negara"> D. N. K. P. Negara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20A.%20Suryawan"> P. A. Suryawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technological advances in the field of health to be very important, especially on the safety of the baby. In this case a lot of premature infants death caused by poorly managed health facilities. Mostly the death of premature baby caused by bacteria since the temperature around the baby is not normal. Related to this, the incubator equipment needs to be important, especially in how to control the temperature in incubator. On/Off controls is used to regulate the temperature distribution in the incubator so that the desired temperature is 36 °C to stay awake and stable. The authors have been observed and analyzed the data to determine the temperature distribution in the incubator using program of MATLAB/Simulink. The output temperature distribution is obtained at 36 °C in 400 seconds using an Arduino AT 2560. This incubator is able to maintain an ambient temperature and maintain the baby's body temperature within normal limits and keep the moisture in the air in accordance with the limit values required in infant incubator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on%2Foff%20control" title="on/off control">on/off control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20temperature" title=" distribution temperature"> distribution temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arduino%20AT%202560" title=" Arduino AT 2560"> Arduino AT 2560</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baby%20incubator" title=" baby incubator"> baby incubator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63688/temperature-distribution-control-for-baby-incubator-system-using-arduino-at-mega-2560" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14506</span> Intensification of Heat Transfer in Magnetically Assisted Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawid%20So%C5%82oducha">Dawid Sołoducha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Borowski"> Tomasz Borowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marian%20Kordas"> Marian Kordas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafa%C5%82%20Rakoczy"> Rafał Rakoczy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The magnetic field in the past few years became an important part of many studies. Magnetic field (MF) may be used to affect the process in many ways; for example, it can be used as a factor to stabilize the system. We can use MF to steer the operation, to activate or inhibit the process, or even to affect the vital activity of microorganisms. Using various types of magnetic field generators is always connected with the delivery of some heat to the system. Heat transfer is a very important phenomenon; it can influence the process positively and negatively, so it’s necessary to measure heat stream transferred from the place of generation and prevent negative influence on the operation. The aim of the presented work was to apply various types of magnetic fields and to measure heat transfer phenomena. The results were obtained by continuous measurement at several measuring points with temperature probes. Results were compilated in the form of temperature profiles. The study investigated the undetermined heat transfer in a custom system equipped with a magnetic field generator. Experimental investigations are provided for the explanation of the influence of the various type of magnetic fields on the heat transfer process. The tested processes are described by means of the criteria which defined heat transfer intensification under the action of magnetic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undetermined%20heat%20transfer" title=" undetermined heat transfer"> undetermined heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20profile" title=" temperature profile"> temperature profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140931/intensification-of-heat-transfer-in-magnetically-assisted-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14505</span> Pyroelectric Effect on Thermoelectricity of AlInN/GaN Heterostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sahoo">B. K. Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Superior thermoelectric (TE) efficiency of AlₓIn₁₋ₓN /GaN heterostructure (HS) requires a minimum value of thermal conductivity (k). A smaller k would lead to even further increase of TE figure of merit (ZT). The built-in polarization (BIP) electric field of AlₓIn₁₋ₓN /GaN HS enhances S, and σ of the HS, however, the effect of BIP field on k of the HS has not been explored. Study of thermal conductivities (k: without BIP and kp: including BIP) vs temperature predicts pyroelectric behavior of HS. Both k and kp show crossover at a temperature Tp. The result shows that below Tp, kp < k due to negative thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). However, above Tp, kp > k. Above Tp, piezoelectric polarization dominates over spontaneous polarization due to positive TEC. This generates more lattice mismatch resulting in the significant contribution of BIP field to thermal conductivity. Thus, Tp can be considered as primary pyroelectric transition temperature of the material as above Tp thermal expansion takes place which is the reason for the secondary pyroelectric effect. It is found that below Tp, kp is decreased; thus enhancing TE efficiency. For x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3; Tp are close to 200, 210 and 260 K, respectively. Thus, k of the HS can be modified as per requirement by tailoring the Al composition; making it suitable simultaneously for the design of high-temperature pyroelectric sensors and TE module for maximum power production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%E2%82%93In%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93N%2FGaN%20heterostructure" title="AlₓIn₁₋ₓN/GaN heterostructure">AlₓIn₁₋ₓN/GaN heterostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20in%20polarization" title=" built in polarization"> built in polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroelectric%20behavior" title=" pyroelectric behavior"> pyroelectric behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric%20efficiency" title=" thermoelectric efficiency"> thermoelectric efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107402/pyroelectric-effect-on-thermoelectricity-of-alinngan-heterostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14504</span> Childhood Respiratory Diseases Related to Indoor and Outdoor Air Temperature in Shanghai, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanjuan%20Sun">Chanjuan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shijie%20Hong"> Shijie Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jialing%20Zhang"> Jialing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchao%20Guo"> Yuchao Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Zou"> Zhijun Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Huang"> Chen Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Studies on associations between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases are lack in China. Objectives: We aim to analyze the relationship between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases. Methods: We conducted the on-site inspection into 454 residences and questionnaires survey. Indoor air temperature were from field inspection and outdoor air temperature were from website. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations. Results: Indoor extreme hot air temperature was positively correlated with duration of a common cold (>=2 weeks), and outdoor extreme hot air temperature was also positively related with pneumonia among children. Indoor and outdoor extreme cold air temperature was a risk factor for rhinitis among children. The biggest indoor air temperature difference (indoor maximum air temperature minus indoor minimum air temperature) (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) and outdoor air temperature difference (outdoor maximum air temperature minus outdoor minimum air temperature) (Omax minus Omin) (the 4th quartile, >8oC) were positively related to pneumonia among children. Meanwhile, indoor air temperature difference (Imax minus Imin) (the 4th quartile, >4 oC) was positively correlated with diagnosed asthma among children. Air temperature difference between indoor and outdoor was negatively related with the most childhood respiratory diseases. This may be partly related to the avoidance behavior. Conclusions: Improper air temperature may affect the respiratory diseases among children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature" title="air temperature">air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20air%20temperature" title=" extreme air temperature"> extreme air temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20temperature%20difference" title=" air temperature difference"> air temperature difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20diseases" title=" respiratory diseases"> respiratory diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913/childhood-respiratory-diseases-related-to-indoor-and-outdoor-air-temperature-in-shanghai-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14503</span> Thermal End Effect on the Isotachophoretic Separation of Analytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Partha%20P.%20Gopmandal">Partha P. Gopmandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhattacharyya"> S. Bhattacharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the thermal end effect on the pseudo-steady state behavior of the isotachophoretic transport of ionic species in a 2-D microchannel. Both ends of the channel are kept at a constant temperature which may lead to significant changes in electrophoretic migration speed. A mathematical model based on Nernst-Planck equations for transport of ions coupled with the equation for temperature field is considered. In addition, the charge conservation equations govern the potential field due to the external electric field. We have computed the equations for ion transport, potential and temperature in a coupled manner through the finite volume method. The diffusive terms are discretized via central difference scheme, while QUICK (Quadratic Upwind Interpolation Convection Kinematics) scheme is used to discretize the convective terms. We find that the thermal end effect has significant effect on the isotachophoretic (ITP) migration speed of the analyte. Our result shows that the ITP velocity for temperature dependent case no longer varies linearly with the applied electric field. A detailed analysis has been made to provide a range of the key parameters to minimize the Joule heating effect on ITP transport of analytes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20method" title="finite volume method">finite volume method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotachophoresis" title=" isotachophoresis"> isotachophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QUICK%20scheme" title=" QUICK scheme"> QUICK scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20effect" title=" thermal effect"> thermal effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63435/thermal-end-effect-on-the-isotachophoretic-separation-of-analytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14502</span> Influence and Interaction of Temperature, H2S and pH on Concrete Sewer Pipe Corrosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Romanova">Anna Romanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Mahmoodian"> Mojtaba Mahmoodian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20A.%20Alani"> Morteza A. Alani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete sewer pipes are known to suffer from a process of hydrogen sulfide gas induced sulfuric acid corrosion. This leads to premature pipe degradation, performance failure and collapses which in turn may lead to property and health damage. The above work reports on a field study undertaken in working sewer manholes where the parameters of effluent temperature and pH as well as ambient temperature and concentration of hydrogen sulfide were continuously measured over a period of two months. Early results suggest that effluent pH has no direct effect on hydrogen sulfide build up; on average the effluent temperature is 3.5°C greater than the ambient temperature inside the manhole and also it was observed that hydrogen sulfate concentration increases with increasing temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20corrosion" title="concrete corrosion">concrete corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20sulfide%20gas" title=" hydrogen sulfide gas"> hydrogen sulfide gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewer%20pipe" title=" sewer pipe"> sewer pipe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10077/influence-and-interaction-of-temperature-h2s-and-ph-on-concrete-sewer-pipe-corrosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14501</span> Stabilization of Metastable Skyrmion Phase in Polycrystalline Chiral β-Mn Type Co₇Zn₇Mn₆ Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pardeep">Pardeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yugandhar%20Bitla"> Yugandhar Bitla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Patra"> A. K. Patra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Basheed"> G. A. Basheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The topological protected nanosized particle-like swirling spin textures, “skyrmion,” has been observed in various ferromagnets with chiral crystal structures like MnSi, FeGe, Cu₂OSeO₃ alloys, however the magnetic ordering in these systems takes place at very low temperatures. For skyrmion-based spintronics devices, the skyrmion phase is required to stabilize in a wide temperature – field (T - H) region. The equilibrium skyrmion phase (SkX) in Co₇Zn₇Mn₆ alloy exists in a narrow T – H region just below transition temperature (TC ~ 215 K) and can be quenched by field cooling as a metastable skyrmion phase (MSkX) below SkX region. To realize robust MSkX at 110 K, field sweep ac susceptibility χ(H) measurements were performed after the zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) process. In ZFC process, the sample was cooled from 320 K to 110 K in zero applied magnetic field and then field sweep measurement was performed (up to 2 T) in positive direction (black curve). The real part of ac susceptibility (χ′(H)) at 110 K in positive field direction after ZFC confirms helical to conical phase transition at low field HC₁ (= 42 mT) and conical to ferromagnetic (FM) transition at higher field HC₂ (= 300 mT). After ZFC, FC measurements were performed i.e., sample was initially cooled in zero fields from 320 to 206 K and then a sample was field cooled in the presence of 15 mT field down to the temperature 110 K. After FC process, isothermal χ(H) was measured in positive (+H, red curve) and negative (-H, blue curve) field direction with increasing and decreasing field upto 2 T. Hysteresis behavior in χ′(H), measured after ZFC and FC process, indicates the stabilization of MSkX at 110 K which is in close agreement with literature. Also, the asymmetry between field-increasing curves measured after FC process in both sides confirm the stabilization of MSkX. In the returning process from the high field polarized FM state, helical state below HC₁ is destroyed and only the conical state is observed. Thus, the robust MSkX state is stabilized below its SkX phase over a much wider T - H region by FC in polycrystalline Co₇Zn₇Mn₆ alloy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skyrmions" title="skyrmions">skyrmions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20susceptibility" title=" magnetic susceptibility"> magnetic susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metastable%20phases" title=" metastable phases"> metastable phases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20phases" title=" topological phases"> topological phases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148961/stabilization-of-metastable-skyrmion-phase-in-polycrystalline-chiral-v-mn-type-co7zn7mn6-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14500</span> Determining Design Parameters for Sizing of Hydronic Heating Systems in Concrete Thermally Activated Building Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmat%20Ali">Rahmat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inamullah%20Khan"> Inamullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Naseer"> Amjad Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20A.%20Shah"> Abid A. Shah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydronic Heating and Cooling systems in concrete slab based buildings are increasingly becoming a popular substitute to conventional heating and cooling systems. In exploring the materials, techniques employed, and their relative performance measures, a fair bit of uncertainty exists. This research has identified the simplest method of determining the thermal field of a single hydronic pipe when acting as a part of a concrete slab, based on which the spacing and positioning of pipes for a best thermal performance and surface temperature control are determined. The pipe material chosen is the commonly used PEX pipe, which has an all-around performance and thermal characteristics with a thermal conductivity of 0.5W/mK. Concrete Test samples were constructed and their thermal fields tested under varying input conditions. Temperature sensing devices were embedded into the wet concrete at fixed distances from the pipe and other touch sensing temperature devices were employed for determining the extent of the thermal field and validation studies. In the first stage, it was found that the temperature along a specific distance was the same and that heat dissipation occurred in well-defined layers. The temperature obtained in concrete was then related to the different control parameters including water supply temperature. From the results, the temperature of water required for a specific temperature rise in concrete is determined. The thermally effective area is also determined which is then used to calculate the pipe spacing and positioning for the desired level of thermal comfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally%20activated%20building%20systems" title="thermally activated building systems">thermally activated building systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20slab%20temperature" title=" concrete slab temperature"> concrete slab temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20field" title=" thermal field"> thermal field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20spacing" title=" pipe spacing"> pipe spacing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45802/determining-design-parameters-for-sizing-of-hydronic-heating-systems-in-concrete-thermally-activated-building-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14499</span> Low Field Microwave Absorption and Magnetic Anisotropy in TM Co-Doped ZnO System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Das">J. Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Mahule"> T. S. Mahule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20V.%20Srinivasu"> V. V. Srinivasu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electron spin resonance (ESR) study at 9.45 GHz and a field modulation frequency of 100Hz was performed on bulk polycrystalline samples of Mn:TM (Fe/Ni) and Mn:RE (Gd/Sm) co doped ZnO samples with composition Zn1-xMn:TM/RE)xO synthesised by solid state reaction route and sintered at 500 0C temperature. The room temperature microwave absorption data collected by sweeping the DC magnetic field from -500 to 9500 G for the Mn:Fe and Mn:Ni co doped ZnO samples exhibit a rarely reported non resonant low field absorption (NRLFA) in addition to a strong absorption at around 3350G, usually associated with ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) satisfying Larmor’s relation due to absorption in the full saturation state. Observed low field absorption is distinct to ferromagnetic resonance even at low temperature and shows hysteresis. Interestingly, it shows a phase opposite with respect to the main ESR signal of the samples, which indicates that the low field absorption has a minimum value at zero magnetic field whereas the ESR signal has a maximum value. The major resonance peak as well as the peak corresponding to low field absorption exhibit asymmetric nature indicating magnetic anisotropy in the sample normally associated with intrinsic ferromagnetism. Anisotropy parameter for Mn:Ni codoped ZnO sample is noticed to be quite higher. The g values also support the presence of oxygen vacancies and clusters in the samples. These samples have shown room temperature ferromagnetism in the SQUID measurement. However, in rare earth (RE) co doped samples (Zn1-x (Mn: Gd/Sm)xO), which show paramagnetic behavior at room temperature, the low field microwave signals are not observed. As microwave currents due to itinerary electrons can lead to ohmic losses inside the sample, we speculate that more delocalized 3d electrons contributed from the TM dopants facilitate such microwave currents leading to the loss and hence absorption at the low field which is also supported by the increase in current with increased micro wave power. Besides, since Fe and Ni has intrinsic spin polarization with polarisability of around 45%, doping of Fe and Ni is expected to enhance the spin polarization related effect in ZnO. We emphasize that in this case Fe and Ni doping contribute to polarized current which interacts with the magnetization (spin) vector and get scattered giving rise to the absorption loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-doping" title="co-doping">co-doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20spin%20resonance" title=" electron spin resonance"> electron spin resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis" title=" hysteresis"> hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-resonant%20microwave%20absorption" title=" non-resonant microwave absorption"> non-resonant microwave absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42596/low-field-microwave-absorption-and-magnetic-anisotropy-in-tm-co-doped-zno-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14498</span> Parametric Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Yahya">Abir Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hacen%20Dhahri"> Hacen Dhahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalifa%20Slimi"> Khalifa Slimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with a numerical simulation of temperature field inside a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) components. The temperature distribution is investigated using a co-flow planar SOFC comprising the air and fuel channel and two-ceramic electrodes, anode and cathode, separated by a dense ceramic electrolyte. The Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used for the numerical simulation of the physical problem. The effects of inlet temperature, anode thermal conductivity and current density on temperature distribution are discussed. It was found that temperature distribution is very sensitive to the inlet temperature and the current density. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sources" title="heat sources">heat sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Lattice Boltzmann method"> Lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell" title=" solid oxide fuel cell"> solid oxide fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71281/parametric-analysis-of-solid-oxide-fuel-cell-using-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14497</span> Temperature Distribution for Asphalt Concrete-Concrete Composite Pavement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsya%20Sok">Tetsya Sok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Jae%20Hong"> Seong Jae Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Kyu%20Kim"> Young Kyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Woo%20Lee"> Seung Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The temperature distribution for asphalt concrete (AC)-Concrete composite pavement is one of main influencing factor that affects to performance life of pavement. The temperature gradient in concrete slab underneath the AC layer results the critical curling stress and lead to causes de-bonding of AC-Concrete interface. These stresses, when enhanced by repetitive axial loadings, also contribute to the fatigue damage and eventual crack development within the slab. Moreover, the temperature change within concrete slab extremely causes the slab contracts and expands that significantly induces reflective cracking in AC layer. In this paper, the numerical prediction of pavement temperature was investigated using one-dimensional finite different method (FDM) in fully explicit scheme. The numerical predicted model provides a fundamental and clear understanding of heat energy balance including incoming and outgoing thermal energies in addition to dissipated heat in the system. By using the reliable meteorological data for daily air temperature, solar radiation, wind speech and variable pavement surface properties, the predicted pavement temperature profile was validated with the field measured data. Additionally, the effects of AC thickness and daily air temperature on the temperature profile in underlying concrete were also investigated. Based on obtained results, the numerical predicted temperature of AC-Concrete composite pavement using FDM provided a good accuracy compared to field measured data and thicker AC layer significantly insulates the temperature distribution in underlying concrete slab. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20concrete" title="asphalt concrete">asphalt concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20different%20method%20%28FDM%29" title=" finite different method (FDM)"> finite different method (FDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curling%20effect" title=" curling effect"> curling effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20radiation" title=" solar radiation"> solar radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71084/temperature-distribution-for-asphalt-concrete-concrete-composite-pavement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14496</span> Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Iron-Doped Nd₀.₆Sr₀.₄MnO₃ Perovskite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Al-Yahmadi">Ismail Al-Yahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbasher%20Gismelseed"> Abbasher Gismelseed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Al-Mammari"> Fatma Al-Mammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al-Rawas"> Ahmed Al-Rawas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Yousif"> Ali Yousif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imaddin%20Al-Omari"> Imaddin Al-Omari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20Widatallah"> Hisham Widatallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elzain"> Mohamed Elzain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of Fe-doping on the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Nd₀.₆Sr₀.₄FeₓMn₁₋ₓO₃ (0≤ x ≤0.5) were investigated. The samples were synthesized by auto-combustion Sol-Gel method. The phase purity, crystallinity, and the structural properties for all prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction. XRD refinement indicates that the samples are crystallized in the orthorhombic single-phase with Pnma space group. Temperature dependence of magnetization measurements under a magnetic applied field of 0.02 T reveals that the samples with (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) exhibit a paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition with decreasing temperature. The Curie temperature decreased with increasing Fe content from 256 K for x =0.0 to 80 K for x =0.3 due to increasing of antiferromagnetic superexchange (SE) interaction coupling. Moreover, the magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field (M-H) curves was measured at 2 K, and 300 K. the results of such measurements confirm the temperature dependence of magnetization measurements. The magnetic entropy change|∆SM | was evaluated using Maxwell's relation. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change |-∆SMax |for x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 are found to be 15.35, 5.13, 3.36, 1.08 J/kg.K for an applied magnetic field of 9 T. Our result on magnetocaloric properties suggests that the parent sample Nd₀.₆Sr₀.₄MnO₃ could be a good refrigerant for low-temperature magnetic refrigeration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganite%20perovskite" title="manganite perovskite">manganite perovskite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetocaloric%20effect" title=" magnetocaloric effect"> magnetocaloric effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20diffraction" title=" X-ray diffraction"> X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20cooling%20power" title=" relative cooling power"> relative cooling power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109346/structural-magnetic-and-magnetocaloric-properties-of-iron-doped-nd06sr04mno3-perovskite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14495</span> The Effect of Electric Field Distributions on Grains and Insect for Dielectric Heating Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Santalunai">S. Santalunai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Thosdeekoraphat"> T. Thosdeekoraphat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Thongsopa"> C. Thongsopa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the effect of electric field distribution which is an electric field intensity analysis. Consideration of the dielectric heating of grains and insects, the rice and rice weevils are utilized for dielectric heating analysis. Furthermore, this analysis compares the effect of electric field distribution in rice and rice weevil. In this simulation, two copper plates are used to generate the electric field for dielectric heating system and put the rice materials between the copper plates. The simulation is classified in two cases, which are case I one rice weevil is placed in the rice and case II two rice weevils are placed at different position in the rice. Moreover, the probes are located in various different positions on plate. The power feeding on this plate is optimized by using CST EM studio program of 1000 watt electrical power at 39 MHz resonance frequency. The results of two cases are indicated that the most electric field distribution and intensity are occurred on the rice and rice weevils at the near point of the probes. Moreover, the heat is directed to the rice weevils more than the rice. When the temperature of rice and rice weevils are calculated and compared, the rice weevils has the temperature more than rice is about 41.62 Celsius degrees. These results can be applied for the dielectric heating applications to eliminate insect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor%20copper%20plates" title="capacitor copper plates">capacitor copper plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field%20distribution" title=" electric field distribution"> electric field distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20heating" title=" dielectric heating"> dielectric heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grains" title=" grains"> grains</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10956/the-effect-of-electric-field-distributions-on-grains-and-insect-for-dielectric-heating-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14494</span> Two Dimensional Steady State Modeling of Temperature Profile and Heat Transfer of Electrohydrodynamically Enhanced Micro Heat Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Shokouhmand">H. Shokouhmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tajerian"> M. Tajerian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical investigation of laminar forced convection flows through a square cross section micro heat pipe by applying electrohydrodynamic (EHD) field has been studied. In the present study, pentane is selected as working fluid. Temperature and velocity profiles and heat transfer enhancement in the micro heat pipe by using EHD field at the two-dimensional and single phase fluid flow in steady state regime have been numerically calculated. At this model, only Coulomb force is considered. The study has been carried out for the Reynolds number 10 to 100 and EHD force field up to 8 KV. Coupled, non-linear equations governed on the model (continuity, momentum, and energy equations) have been solved simultaneously by CFD numerical methods. Steady state behavior of affecting parameters, e.g. friction factor, average temperature, Nusselt number and heat transfer enhancement criteria, have been evaluated. It has been observed that by increasing Reynolds number, the effect of EHD force became more significant and for smaller Reynolds numbers the rate of heat transfer enhancement criteria is increased. By obtaining and plotting the mentioned parameters, it has been shown that the EHD field enhances the heat transfer process. The numerical results show that by increasing EHD force field the absolute value of Nusselt number and friction factor increases and average temperature of fluid flow decreases. But the increasing rate of Nusselt number is greater than increasing value of friction factor, which makes applying EHD force field for heat transfer enhancement in micro heat pipes acceptable and applicable. The numerical results of model are in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20heat%20pipe" title="micro heat pipe">micro heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrohydrodynamic%20force" title=" electrohydrodynamic force"> electrohydrodynamic force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusselt%20number" title=" Nusselt number"> Nusselt number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20temperature" title=" average temperature"> average temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title=" friction factor"> friction factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72377/two-dimensional-steady-state-modeling-of-temperature-profile-and-heat-transfer-of-electrohydrodynamically-enhanced-micro-heat-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14493</span> Fecundity and Egg Laying in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Model Development and Field Validation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Noor%20Ul%20Ane">Muhammad Noor Ul Ane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Soon%20Kim"> Dong-Soon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myron%20P.%20Zalucki"> Myron P. Zalucki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Models can be useful to help understand population dynamics of insects under diverse environmental conditions and in developing strategies to manage pest species better. Adult longevity and fecundity of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were evaluated against a wide range of constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 37.5ᵒC). The modified Sharpe and DeMichele model described adult aging rate and was used to estimate adult physiological age. Maximum fecundity of H. armigera was 973 egg/female at 25ᵒC decreasing to 72 eggs/female at 37.5ᵒC. The relationship between adult fecundity and temperature was well described by an extreme value function. Age-specific cumulative oviposition rate and age-specific survival rate were well described by a two-parameter Weibull function and sigmoid function, respectively. An oviposition model was developed using three temperature-dependent components: total fecundity, age-specific oviposition rate, and age-specific survival rate. The oviposition model was validated against independent field data and described the field occurrence pattern of egg population of H. armigera very well. Our model should be a useful component for population modeling of H. armigera and can be independently used for the timing of sprays in management programs of this key pest species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20bollworm" title="cotton bollworm">cotton bollworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20table" title=" life table"> life table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature-dependent%20adult%20development" title=" temperature-dependent adult development"> temperature-dependent adult development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature-dependent%20fecundity" title=" temperature-dependent fecundity"> temperature-dependent fecundity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87308/fecundity-and-egg-laying-in-helicoverpa-armigera-hubner-lepidoptera-noctuidae-model-development-and-field-validation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14492</span> Effects of Magnetic Field on 4H-SiC P-N Junctions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khimmatali%20Nomozovich%20Juraev">Khimmatali Nomozovich Juraev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silicon carbide is one of the promising materials with potential applications in electronic devices using high power, high frequency and high electric field. Currently, silicon carbide is used to manufacture high power and frequency diodes, transistors, radiation detectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other functional devices. In this work, the effects of magnetic field on p-n junctions based on 4H-SiC were experimentally studied. As a research material, monocrystalline silicon carbide wafers (Cree Research, Inc., USA) with relatively few growth defects grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) method were used: Nd dislocations 104 cm², Nm micropipes ~ 10–10² cm-², thickness ~ 300-600 μm, surface ~ 0.25 cm², resistivity ~ 3.6–20 Ωcm, the concentration of background impurities Nd − Na ~ (0.5–1.0)×1017cm-³. The initial parameters of the samples were determined on a Hall Effect Measurement System HMS-7000 (Ecopia) measuring device. Diffusing Ni nickel atoms were covered to the silicon surface of silicon carbide in a Universal Vacuum Post device at a vacuum of 10-⁵ -10-⁶ Torr by thermal sputtering and kept at a temperature of 600-650°C for 30 minutes. Then Ni atoms were diffused into the silicon carbide 4H-SiC sample at a temperature of 1150-1300°C by low temperature diffusion method in an air atmosphere, and the effects of the magnetic field on the I-V characteristics of the samples were studied. I-V characteristics of silicon carbide 4H-SiC<Ni> p-n junction sample were measured in the magnetic field and in the absence of a magnetic field. The measurements were carried out under conditions where the magnitude of the magnetic field induction vector was 0.5 T. In the state, the direction of the current flowing through the diode is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. From the obtained results, it can be seen that the magnetic field significantly affects the I-V characteristics of the p-n junction in the magnetic field when it is measured in the forward direction. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the change of the magnetic resistance of the sample of silicon carbide 4H-SiC<Ni> p-n junction was determined. It was found that changing the magnetic field poles increases the direct forward current of the p-n junction or decreases it when the field direction changes. These unique electrical properties of the 4H-SiC<Ni> p-n junction sample of silicon carbide, that is, the change of the sample's electrical properties in a magnetic field, makes it possible to fabricate magnetic field sensing devices based on silicon carbide to use at harsh environments in future. So far, the productions of silicon carbide magnetic detectors are not available in the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4H-SiC" title="4H-SiC">4H-SiC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20Ni" title=" diffusion Ni"> diffusion Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20of%20magnetic%20field" title=" effects of magnetic field"> effects of magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-V%20characteristics" title=" I-V characteristics"> I-V characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161026/effects-of-magnetic-field-on-4h-sic-p-n-junctions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14491</span> Study of Some Epidemiological Factors Influencing the Disease Incidence in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asim%20Nazir">Muhammad Asim Nazir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The investigations reported in this manuscript were carried on the screening of one hundred and seventy-eight chickpea germplasm lines/cultivars against wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. The screening was conducted in vivo (field) conditions. The field screening was accompanied with the study of some epidemiological factors affecting the occurrence and severity of the disease. Among the epidemiological factors maximum temperature range (28-40°C), minimum temperature range (12-24°C), relative humidity (19-44%), soil temperature (26-41°C) and soil moisture range (19-34°C) was studied for affecting the disease incidence/severity. The results revealed that air temperature was positively correlated with diseases. Soil temperature data revealed that in all cultivars disease incidence was maximum as 39°C. Most of the plants show 40-50% disease incidence. Disease incidence decreased at 33.5°C. The result of correlation of relative humidity of air and wilt incidence revealed that all cultivars/lines were negatively correlated with relative humidity. With increasing relative humidity wilt incidence decreased and vice versa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea" title="chickpea">chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological" title=" epidemiological"> epidemiological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease" title=" disease"> disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19669/study-of-some-epidemiological-factors-influencing-the-disease-incidence-in-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14490</span> Throughflow Effects on Thermal Convection in Variable Viscosity Ferromagnetic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Sekhar">G. N. Sekhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20G.%20Siddheshwar"> P. G. Siddheshwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Jayalatha"> G. Jayalatha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Prakash"> R. Prakash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of thermal convection in temperature and magnetic field sensitive Newtonian ferromagnetic liquid is studied in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field and throughflow. Using a combination of Galerkin and shooting techniques the critical eigenvalues are obtained for stationary mode. The effect of Prandtl number (Pr > 1) on onset is insignificant and nonlinearity of non-buoyancy magnetic parameter M3 is found to have no influence on the onset of ferroconvection. The magnetic buoyancy number, M1 and variable viscosity parameter, V have destabilizing influences on the system. The effect of throughflow Peclet number, Pe is to delay the onset of ferroconvection and this effect is independent of the direction of flow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferroconvection" title="ferroconvection">ferroconvection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field%20dependent%20viscosity" title=" magnetic field dependent viscosity"> magnetic field dependent viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20dependent%20viscosity" title=" temperature dependent viscosity"> temperature dependent viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughflow" title=" throughflow"> throughflow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71149/throughflow-effects-on-thermal-convection-in-variable-viscosity-ferromagnetic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14489</span> Effect of Magnetic Field on Unsteady MHD Poiseuille Flow of a Third Grade Fluid Under Exponential Decaying Pressure Gradient with Ohmic Heating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20W.%20Lawal">O. W. Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20O.%20Ahmed"> L. O. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Ali"> Y. K. Ali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unsteady MHD Poiseuille flow of a third grade fluid between two parallel horizontal nonconducting porous plates is studied with heat transfer. The two plates are fixed but maintained at different constant temperature with the Joule and viscous dissipation taken into consideration. The fluid motion is produced by a sudden uniform exponential decaying pressure gradient and external uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plates. The momentum and energy equations governing the flow are solved numerically using Maple program. The effects of magnetic field and third grade fluid parameters on velocity and temperature profile are examined through several graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20decaying%20pressure%20gradient" title="exponential decaying pressure gradient">exponential decaying pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD%20flow" title=" MHD flow"> MHD flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poiseuille%20flow" title=" Poiseuille flow"> Poiseuille flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20grade%20fluid" title=" third grade fluid"> third grade fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30709/effect-of-magnetic-field-on-unsteady-mhd-poiseuille-flow-of-a-third-grade-fluid-under-exponential-decaying-pressure-gradient-with-ohmic-heating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20field&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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