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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founders_and_founding_time_of_Greenpeace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Founders and founding time of Greenpeace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founders_and_founding_time_of_Greenpeace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Amchitka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Amchitka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 After Amchitka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Amchitka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Organizational development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizational_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Organizational structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organizational structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Funding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_transformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_transformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Digital transformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_transformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_priorities_and_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_priorities_and_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Summary of priorities and campaigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_priorities_and_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_and_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_and_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Climate and energy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Climate_and_energy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Climate and energy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Green_Planet_Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_Planet_Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Green Planet Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_Planet_Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingsnorth_court_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingsnorth_court_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Kingsnorth court case </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingsnorth_court_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Go_Beyond_Oil"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Go_Beyond_Oil""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 "Go Beyond Oil" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Go_Beyond_Oil"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Nuclear power </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-nuclear_advertisement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-nuclear_advertisement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Anti-nuclear advertisement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-nuclear_advertisement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EDF_spying_conviction_and_appeal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EDF_spying_conviction_and_appeal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 EDF spying conviction and appeal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EDF_spying_conviction_and_appeal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ozone_layer_and_Greenfreeze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ozone_layer_and_Greenfreeze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Ozone layer and Greenfreeze </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ozone_layer_and_Greenfreeze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Action_against_new_oil_licences_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Action_against_new_oil_licences_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Action against new oil licences in the UK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Action_against_new_oil_licences_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forest_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forest_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Forest campaign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Forest_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Forest campaign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Forest_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Removal_of_an_ancient_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_of_an_ancient_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Removal of an ancient tree </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_of_an_ancient_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wilmar_International_palm-oil_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wilmar_International_palm-oil_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Wilmar International palm-oil issue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wilmar_International_palm-oil_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resolute_Forest_Products_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolute_Forest_Products_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Resolute Forest Products issue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolute_Forest_Products_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tokyo_Two" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tokyo_Two"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Tokyo Two </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tokyo_Two-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetically_modified_organisms_(GMOs)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetically_modified_organisms_(GMOs)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genetically_modified_organisms_(GMOs)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Genetically_modified_organisms_(GMOs)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greenpeace_on_golden_rice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenpeace_on_golden_rice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Greenpeace on golden rice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenpeace_on_golden_rice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxic_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxic_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Toxic waste </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toxic_waste-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Toxic waste subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Toxic_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guide_to_Greener_Electronics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guide_to_Greener_Electronics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Guide to Greener Electronics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guide_to_Greener_Electronics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Save_the_Arctic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Save_the_Arctic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Save the Arctic </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Save_the_Arctic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Save the Arctic subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Save_the_Arctic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Norway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moratorium_on_deep_sea_mining_in_international_waters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moratorium_on_deep_sea_mining_in_international_waters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Moratorium on deep sea mining in international waters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moratorium_on_deep_sea_mining_in_international_waters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Alternative economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Ships </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ships subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 In service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previously_in_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previously_in_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Previously in service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previously_in_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Rainbow_Warrior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Rainbow_Warrior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.1 First Rainbow Warrior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Rainbow_Warrior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Rainbow_Warrior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Rainbow_Warrior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.2 Second Rainbow Warrior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Rainbow_Warrior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.3 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_and_responses_to_Greenpeace_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_and_responses_to_Greenpeace_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Reactions and responses to Greenpeace activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_and_responses_to_Greenpeace_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_Patrick_Moore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_Patrick_Moore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 By Patrick Moore </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_Patrick_Moore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brent_Spar_tanker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brent_Spar_tanker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Brent Spar tanker </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brent_Spar_tanker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pascal_Husting_commute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pascal_Husting_commute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Pascal Husting commute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pascal_Husting_commute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazca_Lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazca_Lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 Nazca Lines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazca_Lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-whaling_campaign_in_Norway_in_the_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-whaling_campaign_in_Norway_in_the_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.5 Anti-whaling campaign in Norway in the 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-whaling_campaign_in_Norway_in_the_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.6 Open letter from Nobel laureates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_curb_Arctic_Oil_Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_curb_Arctic_Oil_Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.7 Efforts to curb Arctic Oil Exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_curb_Arctic_Oil_Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Archives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Greenpeace</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" > 86 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1" title="منظمة السلام الأخضر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منظمة السلام الأخضر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrinpis" title="Qrinpis – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrinpis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="গ্রিনপিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিনপিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%CC%8Dk-sek_H%C3%B4-p%C3%AAng" title="Le̍k-sek Hô-pêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Le̍k-sek Hô-pêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гринпис – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гринпис" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81" title="Грынпіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грынпіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Грийнпийс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грийнпийс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="صلح سبز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صلح سبز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0%ED%94%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="그린피스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그린피스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D6%83%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Գրինփիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրինփիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्रीनपीस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रीनपीस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A1" title="גרינפיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרינפיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="გრინპისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრინპისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amahoro_Masa" title="Amahoro Masa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Amahoro Masa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഗ്രീൻപീസ് പ്രസ്ഥാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രീൻപീസ് പ്രസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯄꯤꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯄꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гринпис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гринпис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9_(NGO)" title="グリーンピース (NGO) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グリーンピース (NGO)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гринпис – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гринпис" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8" title="ਗ੍ਰੀਨਪੀਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗ੍ਰੀਨਪੀਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="زرغونه سوله – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زرغونه سوله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гринпис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гринпис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гринпис – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гринпис" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ئاشتیی سەوز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاشتیی سەوز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Гринпис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гринпис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Greenpeace" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="கிரீன்பீஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரீன்பீஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the international environmental organization. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Greenpeace (disambiguation)">Greenpeace (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Greenpeace</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Greenpeace_logo.svg/220px-Greenpeace_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Greenpeace_logo.svg/330px-Greenpeace_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Greenpeace_logo.svg/440px-Greenpeace_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="105" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of Greenpeace</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_worldwide.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Greenpeace_worldwide.svg/250px-Greenpeace_worldwide.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Greenpeace_worldwide.svg/375px-Greenpeace_worldwide.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Greenpeace_worldwide.svg/500px-Greenpeace_worldwide.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Global map of Greenpeace office locations</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1969; 55 years ago (1969) – 1972 (1972) (see article) <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_non-governmental_organization" title="International non-governmental organization">International NGO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">peace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam,_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam, Netherlands">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Executive Director</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Mads Christensen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of directors</a>, elected by the <a href="/wiki/Annual_General_Meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual General Meeting">Annual General Meeting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Budget </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a> 103.735 million (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">3,476 (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Volunteers </div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,365+ (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenpeace.org">greenpeace.org</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Make_a_Wave_Committee" title="Don't Make a Wave Committee">Don't Make a Wave Committee</a> (1969–1972)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="#cite_note-involved-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Green_politics" title="Category:Green politics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;background:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower_(Green_symbol).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunflower symbol"><img alt="Sunflower symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/90px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/135px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/180px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="440" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_litigation" title="Climate change litigation">Climate change litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_green_politics" title="Outline of green politics">List of topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Politics of climate change</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Four pillars</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecosophy" title="Ecosophy">Ecological wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">Grassroots democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_green_environmentalism" title="Bright green environmentalism">Bright green environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticisms_of_globalization" title="Criticisms of globalization">Criticisms of globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_hands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty hands">Dirty hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoauthoritarianism" title="Ecoauthoritarianism">Ecoauthoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocentrism" title="Ecocentrism">Ecocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Ecofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Eco-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_left" title="Green left">Green left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_ecology" title="Queer ecology">Queer ecology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Greens_Federation" title="Asia Pacific Greens Federation">Asia Pacific Greens Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Parties_of_Africa" title="Federation of Green Parties of Africa">Federation of Green Parties of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Green_Parties_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas">Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">Federation of Young European Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Greens" title="Global Young Greens">Global Young Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Ecological_Parties" title="World Ecological Parties">World Ecological Parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">Carbon fee and dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">Carbon tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Climate justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_target" title="Climate target">Climate target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Corporate political activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_modernization" title="Ecological modernization">Ecological modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-tariff" title="Eco-tariff">Eco-tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecotax">Ecotax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Eco-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of agriculture">effects of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">effects of aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues" title="List of environmental issues">issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reform" title="Environmental pricing reform">pricing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-environmentalism" title="Anti-environmentalism">opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_skepticism" title="Environmental skepticism">Environmental skepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_music" title="Environmentalism in music">in music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_development" title="Green development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_growth" title="Green growth">growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_grabbing" title="Green grabbing">grabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_imperialism" title="Green imperialism">imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_industrial_policy" title="Green industrial policy">industrial policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_job" title="Green job">job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_retrofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Green retrofit">retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Eckersley#The_Green_State" title="Robyn Eckersley">state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_theory" title="Green theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_vehicle" title="Green vehicle">vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">washing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a></li> <li>List of environmental incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_conflicts" title="List of environmental conflicts">conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_killings" title="List of environmental killings">killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">refurbishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">transport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_coal" title="War on coal">War on coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conflict" title="Water conflict">Water conflict</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_politics" title="Template:Green politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_politics" title="Template talk:Green politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning network, founded in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> in 1971 by a group of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">environmental activists</a>. Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> to nurture <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a> in all its <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">diversity</a>"<a href="#cite_note-GPI-FAQ-3">[3]</a> and focuses its campaigning on worldwide issues such as <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">commercial whaling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a>, anti-war<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nuclear">anti-nuclear</a> issues.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> It uses <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">advocacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ecotage" title="Ecotage">ecotage</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> to achieve its goals. The network comprises 26 independent national/regional organisations in over 55 countries across <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, Australia and the Pacific, as well as a coordinating body, Greenpeace International, based in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GPI_world-7">[7]</a> The global network does not accept funding from governments, corporations, or political parties, relying on three million individual supporters and foundation grants.<a href="#cite_note-HBS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Annual_report_2011-9">[9]</a> Greenpeace has a <a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_with_consultative_status_to_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="List of organizations with consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council">general consultative status</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a><a href="#cite_note-ecosoc-10">[10]</a> and is a founding member<a href="#cite_note-INGO-11">[11]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Non-Governmental_Organisations_Accountability_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="International Non-Governmental Organisations Accountability Charter">INGO Accountability Charter</a>, an international non-governmental organization that intends to foster accountability and transparency of non-governmental organizations. Greenpeace is known for its nonviolent direct actions and has been described as one of the most visible environmental organizations in the world.<a href="#cite_note-GP_study-12">[12]</a> It has raised environmental issues to public knowledge,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and influenced both the private and the public sector.<a href="#cite_note-UNEP:_Our_Planet:_Celebrating_20_Years_of_Montreal_Protocol-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Adidas,_Clarks,_Nike_and_Timberland_agree_moratorium_on_illegal_Amazon_leather-17">[17]</a> The organization has received criticism; it was the subject of an open letter from more than 100 Nobel laureates urging Greenpeace to end its campaign against <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism" title="Genetically modified organism">genetically modified organisms</a> (GMOs).<a href="#cite_note-openletter-18">[18]</a> The organization's direct actions have sparked legal actions against Greenpeace <a href="/wiki/Activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Activist">activists</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> such as fines and suspended sentences for destroying a test plot of <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism" title="Genetically modified organism">genetically modified</a> wheat<a href="#cite_note-oregon-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-smh-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-canberra-22">[22]</a> and, according to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Peru" title="Government of Peru">Peruvian Government</a>, damaging the <a href="/wiki/Nazca_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca Lines">Nazca Lines</a>, a UN World Heritage site.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_Nazca-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmchitkaAlaskaLoc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AmchitkaAlaskaLoc.png/220px-AmchitkaAlaskaLoc.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/AmchitkaAlaskaLoc.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>Location of Amchitka island in Alaska.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg/220px-1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg/330px-1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg/440px-1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="2985" /></a><figcaption>The nuclear device that sparked the creation of Greenpeace being lowered into its firing hole for Cannikin.</figcaption></figure> In the late 1960s, the U.S. had planned its <a href="/wiki/Cannikin" title="Cannikin">Cannikin</a> underground nuclear weapon test in the tectonically unstable island of <a href="/wiki/Amchitka" title="Amchitka">Amchitka</a> in Alaska; the plans raised some concerns of the test triggering earthquakes and causing a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>. Some 7,000<a href="#cite_note-1969_news-24">[24]</a> people blocked the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Arch_Border_Crossing" title="Peace Arch Border Crossing">Peace Arch Border Crossing</a> between British Columbia and Washington,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> carrying signs reading "Don't Make A Wave. It's Your Fault If Our Fault Goes".<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> and "Stop My Ark's Not Finished". The protests did not stop the U.S. from detonating the bomb.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> While no <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> followed the test, the opposition grew when the U.S. announced they would detonate a bomb five times more powerful than the first one. Among the opponents were <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bohlen" title="Jim Bohlen">Jim Bohlen</a>, a veteran who had served in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irving_Stowe" title="Irving Stowe">Irving Stowe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Stowe" title="Dorothy Stowe">Dorothy Stowe</a>, who had recently become <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quakers</a>. They were frustrated by the lack of action by the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club_Canada" title="Sierra Club Canada">Sierra Club Canada</a>, of which they were members. From Irving Stowe, Jim Bohlen learned of a form of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">passive resistance</a>, "bearing witness", where objectionable activity is protested simply by mere presence.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> Jim Bohlen's wife Marie came up with the idea to sail to Amchitka, inspired by the anti-nuclear voyages of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bigelow" title="Albert Bigelow">Albert Bigelow</a> in 1958. The idea ended up in the press and was linked to The Sierra Club.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> The Sierra Club did not like this connection and in 1970 the <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Make_a_Wave_Committee" title="Don't Make a Wave Committee">Don't Make a Wave Committee</a> was established for the protest. Early meetings were held in the <a href="/wiki/Shaughnessy,_Vancouver" title="Shaughnessy, Vancouver">Shaughnessy</a> home of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(journalist)" title="Robert Hunter (journalist)">Robert Hunter</a> and his wife Bobbi Hunter. Subsequently, the Stowe home at 2775 Courtenay Street in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> became the headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> As <a href="/wiki/Rex_Weyler" title="Rex Weyler">Rex Weyler</a> put it in his chronology, Greenpeace, in 1969, Irving and Dorothy Stowe's "quiet home on Courtenay Street would soon become a hub of monumental, global significance". Some of the first Greenpeace meetings were held there. The first office was opened in a backroom, storefront on Cypress and West Broadway southeast corner in Kitsilano, Vancouver.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Within half a year Greenpeace moved in to share the upstairs office space with The Society Promoting Environmental Conservation on the second floor at 2007, 4th Ave. and Maple in <a href="/wiki/Kitsilano" title="Kitsilano">Kitsilano</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Stowe" title="Irving Stowe">Irving Stowe</a> arranged a <a href="/wiki/Benefit_concert" title="Benefit concert">benefit concert</a> (supported by <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>) that took place on 16 October 1970 at the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coliseum" title="Pacific Coliseum">Pacific Coliseum</a> in Vancouver.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The concert created the financial basis for the first Greenpeace campaign.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amchitka_(album)" title="Amchitka (album)">Amchitka, the 1970 concert that launched Greenpeace</a> was published by Greenpeace in November 2009 on CD and is also available as an mp3 download via the Amchitka concert website. Using the money raised with the concert, the Don't Make a Wave Committee chartered a ship, the <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Cormack" title="Phyllis Cormack">Phyllis Cormack</a> owned and sailed by John Cormack. The ship was renamed Greenpeace for the protest after a term coined by activist Bill Darnell.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> The complete crew included: Captain John Cormack (the boat's owner), <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bohlen" title="Jim Bohlen">Jim Bohlen</a>, Bill Darnell, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moore_(consultant)" title="Patrick Moore (consultant)">Patrick Moore</a>, Dr Lyle Thurston, Dave Birmingham, <a href="/wiki/Terry_A._Simmons" title="Terry A. Simmons">Terry A. Simmons</a>, Richard Fineberg, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(journalist)" title="Robert Hunter (journalist)">Robert Hunter</a> (journalist), <a href="/wiki/Ben_Metcalfe" title="Ben Metcalfe">Ben Metcalfe</a> (journalist), Bob Cummings (journalist) and Bob Keziere (photographer).<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> On 15 September 1971, the ship sailed towards Amchitka and faced the U.S. Coast Guard ship <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Confidence_(WMEC-619)" class="mw-redirect" title="USCGC Confidence (WMEC-619)">Confidence</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> which forced the activists to turn back. Because of this and the increasingly bad weather the crew decided to return to Canada only to find out that the news about their journey and reported support from the crew of the Confidence had generated sympathy for their protest.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> After this Greenpeace tried to navigate to the test site with other vessels, until the U.S. detonated the bomb.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> The nuclear test was criticized, and the U.S. decided not to continue with their test plans at Amchitka. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Founders_and_founding_time_of_Greenpeace">Founders and founding time of Greenpeace</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founders and founding time of Greenpeace">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 225px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHtn13rca_o">The Early Roots of Greenpeace: Bodies On The Line</a> – a 1976 public broadcasting documentary provides an overview of the early founders and campaigns of the organization. (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, full episode)</td></tr></tbody></table> Environmental historian Frank Zelko dates the formation of the "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Make_a_Wave_Committee" title="Don't Make a Wave Committee">Don't Make a Wave Committee</a>" to 1969 and, according to Jim Bohlen, the group adopted the name "Don't Make a Wave Committee" on 28 November 1969.<a href="#cite_note-zelko2-33">[33]</a> According to the Greenpeace web site, The Don't Make a Wave Committee was established in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace:_founders-34">[34]</a> The certificate of incorporation of The Don't Make a Wave Committee dates the incorporation to the fifth of October, 1970.<a href="#cite_note-Moore:_founders-35">[35]</a> Researcher Vanessa Timmer dates the official incorporation to 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Timmer-36">[36]</a> Greenpeace itself calls the protest voyage of 1971 as "the beginning".<a href="#cite_note-The_History_of_Greenpeace-37">[37]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moore_(consultant)" title="Patrick Moore (consultant)">Patrick Moore</a>, who was an early member and has since mutually distanced himself from Greenpeace, and <a href="/wiki/Rex_Weyler" title="Rex Weyler">Rex Weyler</a>, the name of "The Don't Make a Wave Committee" was officially changed to Greenpeace Foundation in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-Moore:_founders-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weyler:chronology-38">[38]</a> Vanessa Timmer has referred to the early members as "an unlikely group of loosely organized protestors".<a href="#cite_note-Timmer-36">[36]</a> Frank Zelko has commented that "unlike <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_Earth" title="Friends of the Earth">Friends of the Earth</a>, for example, which sprung fully formed from the forehead of <a href="/wiki/David_Brower" title="David Brower">David Brower</a>, Greenpeace developed in a more evolutionary manner. There was no single founder".<a href="#cite_note-zelko-39">[39]</a> Greenpeace itself says on its web page that "there's a joke that in any bar in Vancouver, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, you can sit down next to someone who claims to have founded Greenpeace. In fact, there was no single founder: name, idea, spirit and tactics can all be said to have separate lineages".<a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace:_founders-34">[34]</a> Patrick Moore has said that "the truth is that Greenpeace was always a work in progress, not something definitively founded like a country or a company. Therefore there are a few shades of gray about who might lay claim to being a founder of Greenpeace."<a href="#cite_note-Moore:_founders-35">[35]</a> Early Greenpeace director <a href="/wiki/Rex_Weyler" title="Rex Weyler">Rex Weyler</a> says on his homepage that the insiders of Greenpeace have debated about the founders since the mid-1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Weyler:founders-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Greenpeace_Goes_To_Amchitka_Leaflet_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/The_Greenpeace_Goes_To_Amchitka_Leaflet_1971.jpg/220px-The_Greenpeace_Goes_To_Amchitka_Leaflet_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/The_Greenpeace_Goes_To_Amchitka_Leaflet_1971.jpg/330px-The_Greenpeace_Goes_To_Amchitka_Leaflet_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/The_Greenpeace_Goes_To_Amchitka_Leaflet_1971.jpg/440px-The_Greenpeace_Goes_To_Amchitka_Leaflet_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>Very early Don't Make A Wave Committee Leaflet</figcaption></figure> The current Greenpeace web site lists the founders of The Don't Make a Wave Committee as Dorothy and Irving Stowe, Marie and Jim Bohlen, Ben and Dorothy Metcalfe, and Robert Hunter.<a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace:_founders-34">[34]</a> According to both Patrick Moore and an interview with Dorothy Stowe, Dorothy Metcalfe, Jim Bohlen and Robert Hunter, the founders of The Don't Make a Wave Committee were Paul Cote, Irving and Dorothy Stowe and Jim and Marie Bohlen.<a href="#cite_note-Moore:_founders-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archive.greenpeace.org-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Watson" title="Paul Watson">Paul Watson</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a> maintains that he also was one of the founders of The Don't Make a Wave Committee and Greenpeace.<a href="#cite_note-watson:founders-42">[42]</a> Greenpeace has stated that Watson was an influential early member, but not one of the founders of Greenpeace.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Watson has since accused Greenpeace of rewriting their history.<a href="#cite_note-watson:founders-42">[42]</a> Because Patrick Moore was among the crew of the first protest voyage, Moore also considers himself one of the founders. Greenpeace claims that although Moore was a significant early member, he was not among the founders of Greenpeace.<a href="#cite_note-Archive.greenpeace.org-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-greenpeaceMoore-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Amchitka">After Amchitka</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: After Amchitka">edit</a>]</div> After the office in the Stowe home, (and after the first concert fund-raiser) Greenpeace functions moved to other private homes and held public meetings weekly on Wednesday nights at the Kitsilano Neighborhood House before settling, in the autumn of 1974, in a small office shared with the SPEC environmental group at 2007 West 4th at Maple in <a href="/wiki/Kitsilano" title="Kitsilano">Kitsilano</a>. When the nuclear tests at Amchitka were over, Greenpeace moved its focus to the French atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_testing" title="Nuclear weapons testing">nuclear weapons testing</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Moruroa" title="Moruroa">Moruroa Atoll</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>. The young organization needed help for their protests and were contacted by <a href="/wiki/David_McTaggart" title="David McTaggart">David McTaggart</a>, a former businessman living in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. In 1972 the yacht Vega, a 12.5-metre (41 ft) ketch owned by <a href="/wiki/David_McTaggart" title="David McTaggart">David McTaggart</a>, was renamed Greenpeace III and sailed in an anti-nuclear protest into the exclusion zone at Moruroa to attempt to disrupt French nuclear testing. This voyage was sponsored and organized by the New Zealand branch of the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> tried to stop the protest in several ways, including assaulting David McTaggart. McTaggart was supposedly beaten to the point that he lost sight in one of his eyes. However, one of McTaggart's crew members photographed the incident and went public. After the assault was publicized, France announced it would stop the atmospheric nuclear tests.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> In the mid-1970s some Greenpeace members started an independent campaign, Project Ahab, against commercial <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a>, since Irving Stowe was against Greenpeace focusing on other issues than nuclear weapons.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> After Irving Stowe died in 1975, the Phyllis Cormack sailed from Vancouver to face Soviet whalers on the coast of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Greenpeace activists disrupted the whaling by placing themselves between the harpoons and the whales, and footage of the protests spread across the world. Later in the 1970s, the organization widened its focus to include <a href="/wiki/Toxic_waste" title="Toxic waste">toxic waste</a> and commercial <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">seal hunting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> The "Greenpeace <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Interdependence" title="Declaration of Interdependence">Declaration of Interdependence</a>" was published by Greenpeace in the Greenpeace Chronicles (Winter 1976–77). This declaration was a condensation of a number of ecological manifestos <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(journalist)" title="Robert Hunter (journalist)">Bob Hunter</a> had written over the years. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizational_development">Organizational development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organizational development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_ship_%22Esperanza%22_off_Gravesend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greenpeace_ship_%22Esperanza%22_off_Gravesend.jpg/220px-Greenpeace_ship_%22Esperanza%22_off_Gravesend.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greenpeace_ship_%22Esperanza%22_off_Gravesend.jpg/330px-Greenpeace_ship_%22Esperanza%22_off_Gravesend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greenpeace_ship_%22Esperanza%22_off_Gravesend.jpg/440px-Greenpeace_ship_%22Esperanza%22_off_Gravesend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3269" data-file-height="1813" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MV_Esperanza" title="MV Esperanza">MV Esperanza</a>, a former fire-fighter owned by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>, was relaunched by Greenpeace in 2002</figcaption></figure> Greenpeace evolved from a group of Canadian and American protesters into a less conservative group of environmentalists who were more reflective of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> youth movements of the 1960s and 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The social and cultural background from which Greenpeace emerged heralded a period of de-conditioning away from Old World antecedents and sought to develop new codes of social, environmental and political behavior.<a href="#cite_note-odysseu-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In the mid-1970s independent groups using the name Greenpeace started springing up worldwide. By 1977, there were 15 to 20 Greenpeace groups around the world, including Great Lakes Greenpeace at Michigan State University.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weyler-51">[51]</a> At the same time the Canadian Greenpeace office was heavily in debt. Disputes between offices over fund-raising and organizational direction split the global movement as the North American offices were reluctant to be under the authority of the Canada office.<a href="#cite_note-Weyler-51">[51]</a> After the incidents of Moruroa Atoll, David McTaggart had moved to France to battle in court with the French state and helped to develop the cooperation of European Greenpeace groups.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-May-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_McTaggart" title="David McTaggart">David McTaggart</a> lobbied the Canadian Greenpeace Foundation to accept a new structure bringing the scattered Greenpeace offices under the auspices of a single global organization. The European Greenpeace paid the debt of the Canadian Greenpeace office and on 14 October 1979, Greenpeace International came into existence.<a href="#cite_note-Timmer-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weyler-51">[51]</a> Under the new structure, the local offices contributed a percentage of their income to the international organization, which took responsibility for setting the overall direction of the movement with each regional office having one vote.<a href="#cite_note-Weyler-51">[51]</a> Some Greenpeace groups, namely <a href="/wiki/London_Greenpeace" title="London Greenpeace">London Greenpeace</a> (dissolved in 2001) and the US-based <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_Foundation" title="Greenpeace Foundation">Greenpeace Foundation</a> (still operational) however decided to remain independent from Greenpeace International.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Along with several other NGOs, Greenpeace was the subject of an investigation by the US <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> between 2001 and 2005. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Office_of_the_Inspector_General" title="United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General">Inspector General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">US Justice Department</a> determined that there was little or no basis for the investigation and that it resulted in the FBI making inaccurate and misleading claims to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic10-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABCNews10-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes10-56">[56]</a> In 2015, Greenpeace UK launched an <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative journalism</a> publication called <a href="/wiki/Unearthed_(publication)" title="Unearthed (publication)">Unearthed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Unearthed_launch-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organizational structure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GPIgovernance%26management.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/GPIgovernance%26management.png/300px-GPIgovernance%26management.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/GPIgovernance%26management.png/450px-GPIgovernance%26management.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/GPIgovernance%26management.png/600px-GPIgovernance%26management.png 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption>The governance and management structure of Greenpeace.</figcaption></figure> Greenpeace consists of Greenpeace International (officially Stichting Greenpeace Council) based in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, and 25 regional offices operating in 55 countries.<a href="#cite_note-organization-58">[58]</a> The regional offices work largely autonomously under the supervision of Greenpeace International. The executive director of Greenpeace is elected by the board members of Greenpeace International. The current international executive director of Greenpeace International is Mads Flarup Christensen and the current Chair of the Board is David Tong.<a href="#cite_note-executive_director-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Board-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Greenpeace has a staff of 2,400<a href="#cite_note-Annual_report_2008-62">[62]</a> and 15,000 volunteers globally.<a href="#cite_note-involved-1">[1]</a> Each regional office is led by a regional executive director elected by the regional board of directors. The regional boards also appoint a trustee to The Greenpeace International Annual General Meeting, where the trustees elect or remove the board of directors of Greenpeace International. The annual general meeting's role is also to discuss and decide the overall principles and strategically important issues for Greenpeace in collaboration with the trustees of regional offices and Greenpeace International board of directors.<a href="#cite_note-governance-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Funding">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DDC-GP.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DDC-GP.JPG/220px-DDC-GP.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DDC-GP.JPG/330px-DDC-GP.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DDC-GP.JPG/440px-DDC-GP.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Greenpeace street fundraiser talking to a passer-by</figcaption></figure> Greenpeace receives its funding from individual supporters and foundations.<a href="#cite_note-GPI-FAQ-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-HBS-8">[8]</a> It screens all major donations in order to ensure it does not receive unwanted donations.<a href="#cite_note-funding-64">[64]</a> Other than the Netherlands' National Postcode Lottery, the biggest government-sponsored lottery in that country, the organization does not accept money from governments, intergovernmental organizations, political parties or corporations in order to avoid their influence.<a href="#cite_note-GPI-FAQ-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-HBS-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-funding-64">[64]</a> Donations from foundations which are funded by political parties or receive most of their funding from governments or intergovernmental organizations are rejected. Foundation donations are also rejected if the foundations attach unreasonable conditions, restrictions or constraints on Greenpeace activities or if the donation would compromise the independence and aims of the organization.<a href="#cite_note-funding-64">[64]</a> Since in the mid-1990s the number of supporters started to decrease, Greenpeace pioneered the use of <a href="/wiki/Street_fundraiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Street fundraiser">face-to-face fundraising</a> where fundraisers actively seek new supporters at public places, subscribing them for a monthly <a href="/wiki/Direct_debit" title="Direct debit">direct debit</a> donation.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In 2008, most of the €202.5 million received by the organization was donated by about 2.6 million regular supporters, mainly from Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Annual_report_2008-62">[62]</a> In 2014, the organization's annual revenue was reported to be about €300 million (US$400 million) although they lost about €4 million (US$5 million) in currency speculation that year.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In September 2003, <a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Watch" title="Public Interest Watch">Public Interest Watch</a> (PIW) complained to the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> that Greenpeace US's A tax returns were inaccurate and in violation of the law.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The IRS conducted an extensive review and concluded in December 2005 that <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_USA" title="Greenpeace USA">Greenpeace USA</a> continued to qualify for its <a href="/wiki/Tax-exempt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax-exempt">tax-exempt</a> status. In March 2006 <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported that PIW's "federal tax filing, covering August 2003 to July 2004, stated that $120,000 of the $124,095 the group received in contributions during that period came from <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a>".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In 2013, after the IRS performed a follow-up audit, which again was clean, and, following claims of politically motivated IRS audits of groups affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a>, Greenpeace U.S. Executive Director <a href="/wiki/Phil_Radford" title="Phil Radford">Phil Radford</a> called for a Congressional investigation into all politically motivated audits – including those allegedly targeting the Tea Party Movement, the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, and Greenpeace.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_transformation">Digital transformation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Digital transformation">edit</a>]</div> International Executive Director <a href="/wiki/Kumi_Naidoo" title="Kumi Naidoo">Kumi Naidoo</a> declared the 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference">Copenhagen Climate Change Conference</a> a "colossal failure" and indicated the organization faced a "burning platform" moment. Naidoo encouraged Greenpeace's international executive directors to embrace new strategies and tactics or risk becoming irrelevant.<a href="#cite_note-Joslyn-72">[72]</a> To implement a new strategy approved in 2010, Greenpeace hired Michael Silberman to build a "Digital Mobilisation Centre of Excellence" in 2011,<a href="#cite_note-Joslyn-72">[72]</a> which turned into the Mobilisation Lab ("MobLab").<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Designed as a source of best practices, testing, and strategy development, the MobLab also focused on increasing digital capacity and promoting community-based campaigning<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> in 42 countries.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In March 2017, the MobLab spun out of Greenpeace through a joint investment by Greenpeace and <a href="/wiki/Civicus" title="Civicus">CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation</a>."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_priorities_and_campaigns">Summary of priorities and campaigns</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Summary of priorities and campaigns">edit</a>]</div> On its International website, Greenpeace defines its mission as the following: <blockquote>Greenpeace is an independent campaigning organisation, which uses non-violent, creative confrontation to expose global environmental problems, and develop solutions for a green and peaceful future. Our goal is to ensure the ability of the earth to nurture life in all its diversity. That means we want to: <ul><li>Stop the planet from warming beyond 1.5° to prevent the most catastrophic impacts of the climate breakdown.</li> <li>Protect <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> in all its forms.</li> <li>Slow the volume of hyper-consumption and learn to live within our means.</li> <li>Promote renewable energy as a solution that can power the world.</li> <li>Nurture peace, global disarmament and non-violence.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li></ul> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_and_energy">Climate and energy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate and energy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_and_energy" title="Climate and energy">climate and energy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tove_Ryding_(Greenpeace)_(4565188365).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tove_Ryding_%28Greenpeace%29_%284565188365%29.jpg/220px-Tove_Ryding_%28Greenpeace%29_%284565188365%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tove_Ryding_%28Greenpeace%29_%284565188365%29.jpg/330px-Tove_Ryding_%28Greenpeace%29_%284565188365%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tove_Ryding_%28Greenpeace%29_%284565188365%29.jpg/440px-Tove_Ryding_%28Greenpeace%29_%284565188365%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Tove Maria Ryding, in her then role as Greenpeace Climate Policy Coordinator, at the conference from Bonn to Cancun, 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg/220px-Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg/330px-Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg/440px-Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Greenpeace Climate March 2015 in Madrid</figcaption></figure> Greenpeace was one of the first parties to formulate a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> scenario for <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> mitigation, which it did in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> According to sociologists Marc Mormont and Christine Dasnoy, the organization played a significant role in raising public awareness of <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-mormont-and-dasnoy-1995-79">[79]</a> Greenpeace has also focused on <a href="/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon" title="Chlorofluorocarbon">CFCs</a>, because of both their <a href="/wiki/Global_warming_potential" title="Global warming potential">global warming potential</a> and their effect on the <a href="/wiki/Ozone_layer" title="Ozone layer">ozone layer</a>. It was one of the leading participants advocating early phase-out of ozone depleting substances in the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Protocol" title="Montreal Protocol">Montreal Protocol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNEP:_Our_Planet:_Celebrating_20_Years_of_Montreal_Protocol-16">[16]</a> In the early 1990s, Greenpeace developed a CFC-free refrigerator technology, "Greenfreeze" for mass production together with the refrigerator industry.<a href="#cite_note-UNEP:_Our_Planet:_Celebrating_20_Years_of_Montreal_Protocol-16">[16]</a> United Nations Environment Programme awarded Greenpeace for "outstanding contributions to the protection of the Earth's ozone layer" in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 2011 two-fifths of the world's total production of refrigerators were based on Greenfreeze technology, with over 600 million units in use.<a href="#cite_note-UNEP:_Our_Planet:_Celebrating_20_Years_of_Montreal_Protocol-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-greenpeace.org-81">[81]</a> Currently Greenpeace considers <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> to be the greatest environmental problem facing the Earth.<a href="#cite_note-who-82">[82]</a> It calls for global <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> to peak in 2015 and to decrease as close to zero as possible by 2050. To reach these numbers, Greenpeace has called for the industrialized countries to cut their emissions at least 40% by 2020 (from 1990 levels) and to give substantial funding for developing countries to build a sustainable energy capacity, to adapt to the inevitable consequences of global warming, and to stop <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Together with <a href="/wiki/EREC" class="mw-redirect" title="EREC">EREC</a>, Greenpeace has formulated a global energy scenario, "Energy [R]evolution", where 80% of the world's total energy is produced with renewables, and the emissions of the energy sector are decreased by over 80% of the 1990 levels by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-greenpeace1-84">[84]</a> Using direct action, members Greenpeace have protested several times against coal by occupying coal power plants and blocking coal shipments and mining operations, in places such as New Zealand,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Greenpeace is also critical of extracting petroleum from <a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">oil sands</a> and has used direct action to block operations at the <a href="/wiki/Athabasca_oil_sands" title="Athabasca oil sands">Athabasca oil sands</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_Planet_Energy">Green Planet Energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Green Planet Energy">edit</a>]</div> In 1999 Greenpeace Germany (NGO) founded Greenpeace Energy, a renewable electricity cooperative that supplied customers with <a href="/wiki/Fossil_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil gas">fossil gas</a> starting from 2011. After a 2021 media outcry about an entity associated with Greenpeace selling fossil fuel which has been described as <a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">greenwashing</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-91">[91]</a> the cooperative changed its name to <a href="/wiki/Green_Planet_Energy" title="Green Planet Energy">Green Planet Energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The Greenpeace Germany NGO retains one share in the cooperative, which has been criticized for "greenwashing" Russian gas.<a href="#cite_note-:0-91">[91]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Green_Planet_Energy" title="Green Planet Energy">Green Planet Energy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingsnorth_court_case">Kingsnorth court case</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kingsnorth court case">edit</a>]</div> In October 2007, six Greenpeace protesters were arrested for breaking into the <a href="/wiki/Kingsnorth_power_station" title="Kingsnorth power station">Kingsnorth power station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent, England">Kent, England</a>; climbing the 200-metre (660-foot) smokestack, painting the name <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon</a> on the chimney (in reference to former UK Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>), and causing an estimated £30,000 damage. At their subsequent trial they admitted trying to shut the station down, but argued that they were legally justified because they were trying to prevent climate change from causing <a href="/wiki/Risk_perception" title="Risk perception">greater damage</a> to property elsewhere around the world. Evidence was heard from <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>'s environment adviser <a href="/wiki/Zac_Goldsmith" title="Zac Goldsmith">Zac Goldsmith</a>, climate scientist <a href="/wiki/James_E._Hansen" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Hansen">James E. Hansen</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> leader from Greenland, all saying that climate change was already seriously affecting life around the world. The six activists were <a href="/wiki/Acquitted" class="mw-redirect" title="Acquitted">acquitted</a>. It was the first case where preventing property damage caused by climate change has been used as part of a "<a href="/wiki/Lawful_excuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawful excuse">lawful excuse</a>" defense in court.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Both <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> described the acquittal as an embarrassment to the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Ministry">Brown Ministry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In December 2008 <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> listed the acquittal in its annual list of the most influential ideas of the year.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Go_Beyond_Oil"">"Go Beyond Oil"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Go Beyond Oil"">edit</a>]</div> As part of their stance on <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy commercialisation">renewable energy commercialisation</a>, Greenpeace have launched the "Go Beyond Oil" campaign.<a href="#cite_note-GoBeyondOil-97">[97]</a> The campaign is focused on slowing, and eventually ending, the world's consumption of oil; with activist activities taking place against companies that pursue oil drilling as a venture. Much of the activities of the "Go Beyond Oil" campaign have been focused on drilling for oil in the Arctic and areas affected by the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon" title="Deepwater Horizon">Deepwater Horizon</a> disaster. The activities of Greenpeace in the Arctic have mainly involved the Edinburgh-based oil and gas exploration company, <a href="/wiki/Cairn_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairn Energy">Cairn Energy</a>; and range from protests at the Cairn Energy's headquarters<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> to scaling their oil rigs in an attempt to halt the drilling process.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The "Go Beyond Oil" campaign also involves applying political pressure on the governments who allow oil exploration in their territories; with the group stating that one of the key aims of the "Go Beyond Oil" campaign is to "work to expose the lengths the oil industry is willing to go to squeeze the last barrels out of the ground and put pressure on industry and governments to move beyond oil."<a href="#cite_note-GoBeyondOil-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_power">Nuclear power</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nuclear power">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear movement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg/100px-Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg/150px-Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg/200px-Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Australia" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Austria" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Canada" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_France" title="Anti-nuclear movement in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Germany" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India#Anti-nuclear_protests" title="Nuclear power in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_power_movement_in_Japan" title="Anti-nuclear power movement in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Kazakhstan" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nuclear-free_zone" title="New Zealand nuclear-free zone">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_the_Philippines" title="Anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Russia" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberg_Alert" title="Koeberg Alert">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_South_Korea" title="Anti-nuclear movement in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Spain" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Switzerland" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Taiwan#Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Nuclear power in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_chain_against_nuclear_plant_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Human chain against nuclear plant in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-nuclear movement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-nuclear movement in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_protests_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-nuclear protests in the United States">Protests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-nuclear_advocates_in_the_United_States" title="List of anti-nuclear advocates in the United States">Anti-nuclear advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_organizations" title="Anti-nuclear organizations">Anti-nuclear groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_protests" title="Anti-nuclear protests">Protests by country</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-nuclear_movement_sidebar" title="Template:Anti-nuclear movement sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-nuclear_movement_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anti-nuclear movement sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-nuclear_movement_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-nuclear movement sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Greenpeace is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> because it views it as "dangerous, polluting, expensive and non-renewable". The organization highlights the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima nuclear disaster of 2011</a> as evidence of the risk nuclear power can pose to people's lives, the environment and the economy.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Greenpeace views the benefits of nuclear power to be relatively minor in comparison to its major problems and risks, such as environmental damage and risks from <a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">uranium mining</a>, nuclear weapons proliferation, and unresolved questions concerning <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">nuclear waste</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The organization argues that the potential of nuclear power to <a href="/wiki/Mitigation_of_global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitigation of global warming">mitigate global warming</a> is marginal, referring to the <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">IEA</a> energy scenario where an increase in world's nuclear capacity from 2608 TWh in 2007 to 9857 TWh by 2050 would cut global greenhouse gas emissions less than 5% and require 32 nuclear reactor units of 1000 MW capacity built per year until 2050. According to Greenpeace, the slow construction times, construction delays, and hidden costs all negate nuclear power's mitigation potential. This makes the IEA scenario technically and financially unrealistic. They also argue that binding massive amounts of investments on nuclear energy would take funding away from more effective solutions.<a href="#cite_note-greenpeace1-84">[84]</a> Greenpeace views the construction of <a href="/wiki/European_Pressurized_Reactor#Olkiluoto_3_pilot_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="European Pressurized Reactor">Olkiluoto 3</a> nuclear power plant in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> as an example of the problems on building new nuclear power.<a href="#cite_note-waste_of_time-102">[102]</a> In 2022, Greenpeace threatened to sue the European Union after it proposed to categorize nuclear power as a "green" technology that helps countries reduce CO2 emissions.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Greenpeace celebrated the phaseout of nuclear power in Germany in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> At the time, Germany was experiencing an energy crisis and relying heavily on coal and gas for power generation.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-nuclear_advertisement">Anti-nuclear advertisement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Anti-nuclear advertisement">edit</a>]</div> In 1994, Greenpeace published an anti-nuclear newspaper advert which included a claim that nuclear facilities in <a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a> would kill 2,000 people in the next 10 years, and an image of a <a href="/wiki/Hydrocephalus" title="Hydrocephalus">hydrocephalus</a>-affected child said to be a victim of <a href="/wiki/Semipalatinsk_Test_Site" title="Semipalatinsk Test Site">nuclear weapons testing in Kazakhstan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a> viewed the claim concerning Sellafield as unsubstantiated, lacking any scientific base. This resulted in the banning of the advert. Greenpeace did not admit fault, stating that a Kazakhstan doctor had said that the child's condition was due to nuclear testing even though no nuclear weapons testing is performed in Sellafield.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="EDF_spying_conviction_and_appeal">EDF spying conviction and appeal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: EDF spying conviction and appeal">edit</a>]</div> In 2011, a French court fined <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> (EDF) €1.5m and jailed two senior employees for spying on Greenpeace, including hacking into Greenpeace's computer systems. Greenpeace was awarded €500,000 in damages.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Although EDF claimed that a security firm had only been employed to monitor Greenpeace, the court disagreed, jailing the head and deputy head of EDF's nuclear security operation for three years each. EDF appealed the conviction, the company was cleared of conspiracy to spy on Greenpeace and the fine was cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Two employees of the security firm, Kargus, run by a former member of France's secret services, received sentences of three and two years respectively.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ozone_layer_and_Greenfreeze">Ozone layer and Greenfreeze</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ozone layer and Greenfreeze">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenfreeze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Greenfreeze.jpg/220px-Greenfreeze.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Greenfreeze.jpg/330px-Greenfreeze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Greenfreeze.jpg/440px-Greenfreeze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Peter Melchett, right, (then ED of Greenpeace UK) with Malcolm Walker, (Chairman Iceland Frozen Foods) and a Greenfreeze fridge, 1998</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Ozone_layer" title="Ozone layer">ozone layer</a> surrounding the Earth absorbs significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet radiation">ultraviolet radiation</a>. A 1976 report by the US Academy of Sciences supported the ozone "depletion hypothesis".<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Its suffering large losses from chlorinated and nitrogenous compounds was reported in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Earlier studies had led some countries to enact bans on aerosol sprays, so that the Vienna Convention was signed in 1985<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Protocol" title="Montreal Protocol">Montreal Protocol</a> was signed in 1987 to go in force two years later.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The use of CFCs and HCFCs in refrigeration were and are among the banned technologies. A German technological institute developed an ozone-safe hydrocarbon alternative refrigerant that came to a Greenpeace campaigner's attention around 1992.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The rights to the technology were donated to Greenpeace, which maintained it as an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> patent. The technology was subsequently used in Germany, then China, elsewhere in Europe, and after some years in Japan and South America, and finally in the US by 2012.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Action_against_new_oil_licences_in_the_UK">Action against new oil licences in the UK</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Action against new oil licences in the UK">edit</a>]</div> In August 2023, Greenpeace highlighted the grant of new oil exploration licences in the United Kingdom, in an action in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> where they covered the facade of the home of the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>, in black fabric.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forest_campaign">Forest campaign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Forest campaign">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar%C8%99ul_pentru_P%C4%83duri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mar%C8%99ul_pentru_P%C4%83duri.jpg/220px-Mar%C8%99ul_pentru_P%C4%83duri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mar%C8%99ul_pentru_P%C4%83duri.jpg/330px-Mar%C8%99ul_pentru_P%C4%83duri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mar%C8%99ul_pentru_P%C4%83duri.jpg/440px-Mar%C8%99ul_pentru_P%C4%83duri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>The March For Forests, 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg/220px-Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg/330px-Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg/440px-Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Greenpeace event in Switzerland to bring awareness to protect forests, 2023</figcaption></figure> Greenpeace aims to protect intact primary forests from <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and degradation with the target of zero deforestation by 2020. The organization has accused several corporations, such as <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a>,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a>,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> of having links to the deforestation of the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforests</a>, resulting in policy changes in several of the companies.<a href="#cite_note-Amazon_leather-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-lop-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Greenpeace, together with other environmental <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGOs</a>, also campaigned for ten years for the EU to ban import of <a href="/wiki/Illegal_timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal timber">illegal timber</a>. The EU decided to ban illegal timber in July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> As deforestation contributes to global warming, Greenpeace has demanded that <a href="/wiki/REDD" class="mw-redirect" title="REDD">REDD</a> (Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) should be included in the climate treaty following the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Another Greenpeace movement concerning the rain forests is discouraging <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> industries.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The movement has been the most active in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> where already 6 million hectares (23,000 sq mi) are used for palm oil plantation and had plans for another 4 million hectares (15,000 sq mi) by 2015. Acknowledging that mass production of palm oil may be disastrous on biodiversity of forests, Greenpeace is actively campaigning against the production, urging the industries and the government to turn to other forms of energy resources. One of the positive results of the campaign was <a href="/wiki/Golden_Agri-Resources" title="Golden Agri-Resources">GAR (Golden Agri-Resources)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> the world's second largest palm oil production company, deciding to commit itself to forest conservation. The company signed an agreement which prevents them from developing plantations in areas where large amounts of carbon are locked up. On the promotional side, an example of Greenpeace's success in the area is a <a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">viral video</a> from 2016 protesting <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a>'s use of palm oil in <a href="/wiki/Kit_Kat" title="Kit Kat">Kit Kat</a> bars. The video received over 1 million views, and resulted in a public statement by Nestlé claiming to no longer use such practices in their products.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In 2018, Greenpeace released an animated short starring a fictional <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a> named Rang-tan ahead of the World Orangutan Day.<a href="#cite_note-GreenpeaceIntl-PR-180817-130">[130]</a> In November 2018, UK's <a href="/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a> have <a href="/wiki/Clearcast#Rang-tan_advert" title="Clearcast">denied a version of Rang-tan video</a> as submitted by <a href="/wiki/Iceland_(supermarket)" title="Iceland (supermarket)">Iceland Foods Ltd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Clearcast-PR-181109-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_of_an_ancient_tree">Removal of an ancient tree</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Removal of an ancient tree">edit</a>]</div> In June 1995, Greenpeace took a trunk of a tree from the forests of the proposed <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> of Koitajoki<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ilomantsi" title="Ilomantsi">Ilomantsi</a>, Finland and put it on display at exhibitions held in Austria and Germany. Greenpeace said in a press conference that the tree was originally from a logged area in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient forest">ancient forest</a> which was supposed to be protected. <a href="/wiki/Mets%C3%A4hallitus" title="Metsähallitus">Metsähallitus</a> accused Greenpeace of theft and said that the tree was from a normal forest and had been left standing because of its old age. Metsähallitus also said that the tree had actually crashed over a road during a storm.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The incident received publicity in Finland, for example in the large newspapers <a href="/wiki/Helsingin_sanomat" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsingin sanomat">Helsingin Sanomat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilta-Sanomat" title="Ilta-Sanomat">Ilta-Sanomat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Greenpeace replied that the tree had fallen down because the protective forest around it had been <a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">clearcut</a>, and that they wanted to highlight the fate of old forests in general, not the fate of one particular tree.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Greenpeace also highlighted that Metsähallitus admitted the value of the forest afterwards as Metsähallitus currently refers to Koitajoki as a distinctive area because of its old growth forests.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wilmar_International_palm-oil_issue">Wilmar International palm-oil issue</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Wilmar International palm-oil issue">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wilmar_International#Ethical_issues" title="Wilmar International">Wilmar International § Ethical issues</a></div> A 2018 investigation conducted by Greenpeace International found that <a href="/wiki/Wilmar_International" title="Wilmar International">Wilmar International</a> (the world's largest palm-oil trader) was still linked to forest destruction in the Indonesian province of <a href="/wiki/Papua,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Papua, Indonesia">Papua</a>. The connected company, Gama, run by senior Wilmar executives, had caused deforestation twice the size of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Greenpeace also called Wilmar out for breaking their 2013 commitment to end deforestation, in which they promised to incorporate organic and sustainable ways to collect palm oil.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Greenpeace press releases connected Gama-produced palm oil to global brands including <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>, Nestlé and Unilever.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resolute_Forest_Products_issue">Resolute Forest Products issue</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Resolute Forest Products issue">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logging</a> company <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Forest_Products" title="Resolute Forest Products">Resolute Forest Products</a> sued Greenpeace several times since 2013. In 2020, a court in California ordered Resolute to pay US$816,000 to the organization to cover the costs of the legal process after the claims of the company were mostly rejected in one 2019 lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Greenpeace claims that the activity of the company is hurting the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_forest_of_Canada" title="Boreal forest of Canada">Boreal forest of Canada</a>. Greenpeace claims that <a href="/wiki/Boreal_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal forest">Boreal Forests</a> contain even more <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> than <a href="/wiki/Tropical_forest" title="Tropical forest">Tropical Forests</a> and therefore are very important to protecting the global climate.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tokyo_Two">Tokyo Two</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tokyo Two">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Two" title="Tokyo Two">Tokyo Two</a></div> In 2008, two Greenpeace anti-whaling activists, Junichi Sato and Toru Suzuki, stole a case of <a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">whale meat</a> from a delivery depot in <a href="/wiki/Aomori_prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Aomori prefecture">Aomori prefecture</a>, Japan. Their intention was to expose what they considered embezzlement of the meat collected during whale hunts. After a brief investigation of their allegations was ended, Sato and Suzuki were charged with theft and trespassing.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> said that the arrests and following raids on Greenpeace Japan office and homes of five of Greenpeace staff members were aimed at intimidating activists and non-governmental organizations.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> They were convicted of theft and trespassing in September 2010 by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aomori_District_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aomori District Court (page does not exist)">Aomori District Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetically_modified_organisms_(GMOs)">Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg/220px-Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg/330px-Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg/440px-Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>European Union members in Brussels presented with a petition of 1 million signatures against GMO, 2010</figcaption></figure> Greenpeace has also supported the rejection of <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">GM food</a> from the US in famine-stricken Zambia as long as supplies of non-genetically engineered grain exist, stating that the US "should follow in the European Union's footsteps and allow aid recipients to choose their food aid, buying it locally if they wish. This practice can stimulate developing economies and creates more robust food security", adding that, "if Africans truly have no other alternative, the controversial GE maize should be milled so it can't be planted. It was this condition that allowed Zambia's neighbours Zimbabwe and Malawi to accept it."<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> After Zambia banned all GM food aid, the former agricultural minister of Zambia criticized, "how the various international NGOs that have spoken approvingly of the government's action will square the body count with their various consciences."<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Concerning the decision of Zambia, Greenpeace has stated that, "it was obvious to us that if no non-GM aid was being offered then they should absolutely accept GM food aid. But the Zambian government decided to refuse the GM food. We offered our opinion to the Zambian government and, as many governments do, they disregarded our advice."<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> In 2007 Greenpeace funded research by <a href="/wiki/Gilles-%C3%89ric_S%C3%A9ralini" title="Gilles-Éric Séralini">Gilles-Éric Séralini</a> into <a href="/wiki/MON_863" title="MON 863">MON 863</a> genetically engineered maize which concluded it caused health issues to the rats used in the study. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and French Commission du Génie Biomoléculaire (AFBV) evaluation indicated serious methodological errors in the publication.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Further research by Séralini on GMO resulted in widespread criticism of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific fraud">scientific fraud</a> and retractions of his publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair" title="Séralini affair">Séralini affair</a></div>Also in 2007 Greenpeace similarly publicized results of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_Pusztai" title="Árpád Pusztai">Árpád Pusztai</a> which were retracted too.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pusztai_affair" title="Pusztai affair">Pusztai affair</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greenpeace_on_golden_rice">Greenpeace on golden rice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Greenpeace on golden rice">edit</a>]</div> Greenpeace opposes the planned use of <a href="/wiki/Golden_rice" title="Golden rice">golden rice</a>, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Oryza_sativa" title="Oryza sativa">Oryza sativa</a> <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> produced through <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a> to <a href="/wiki/Biosynthesis" title="Biosynthesis">biosynthesize</a> <a href="/wiki/Beta-carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-carotene">beta-carotene</a>, a precursor of pro-<a href="/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol">vitamin A</a> in the edible parts of rice. The addition of beta-carotene to the rice is seen as preventive to loss of sight in poverty stricken countries where golden rice is intended for distribution. According to Greenpeace, golden rice has not managed to do anything about malnutrition for 10 years during which alternative methods are already tackling malnutrition. The alternative proposed by Greenpeace is to discourage <a href="/wiki/Monocropping" title="Monocropping">monocropping</a> and to increase production of crops which are naturally nutrient-rich (containing other nutrients not found in golden rice in addition to beta-<a href="/wiki/Carotene" title="Carotene">carotene</a>). Greenpeace argues that resources should be spent on programs that are already working and helping to relieve malnutrition.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The renewal of these concerns coincided with the publication of a paper in the journal <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> about a version of golden rice with much higher levels of beta carotene.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> This "golden rice 2" was developed and patented by <a href="/wiki/Syngenta" title="Syngenta">Syngenta</a>, which provoked Greenpeace to renew its allegation that the project is driven by <a href="/wiki/Profit_motive" title="Profit motive">profit motives</a> and to serve as propaganda aimed at increasing public opinion of GMO products.<a href="#cite_note-NS-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Although Greenpeace stated that the golden rice program's true efficiency in treating malnourished populations was its primary concern as early as 2001,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> statements from March and April 2005 also continued to express concern over human health and environmental safety.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In particular, Greenpeace has expressed concern over the lack of safety testing being done on GMO crops such as golden rice and of "playing with the lives of people...using Golden Rice to promote more GMOs".<a href="#cite_note-NS-153">[153]</a> In June 2016, a conglomeration of 107 Nobel Laureates signed an open letter<a href="#cite_note-openletter-18">[18]</a> urging Greenpeace to end its campaign against genetically modified crops and Golden Rice in particular.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In the letter, they also called upon governments of the world to "do everything in their power to oppose Greenpeace's actions and accelerate the access of farmers to all the tools of modern biology, especially seeds improved through biotechnology." The letter states that "Opposition based on emotion and dogma contradicted by data must be stopped."<a href="#cite_note-openletter-18">[18]</a> Greenpeace responded stating that "Accusations that anyone is blocking genetically engineered 'Golden' rice are false" and that they support "...investing in climate-resilient ecological agriculture and empowering farmers to access a balanced and nutritious diet, rather than pouring money down the drain for GE 'Golden' rice."<a href="#cite_note-reactive_statement-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxic_waste">Toxic waste</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Toxic waste">edit</a>]</div> In July 2011, Greenpeace released its Dirty Laundry report accusing some of the world's top fashion and <a href="/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sportswear (activewear)">sportswear</a> brands of releasing <a href="/wiki/Toxic_waste" title="Toxic waste">toxic waste</a> into China's rivers.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> The report profiles the problem of <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> resulting from the release of toxic chemicals associated with the country's <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">textile industry</a>. Investigations focused on <a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment" title="Industrial wastewater treatment">industrial wastewater</a> discharges from two facilities in China; one belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Youngor_Group" title="Youngor Group">Youngor Group</a> located on the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River Delta">Yangtze River Delta</a> and the other to Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. located on a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a>. Scientific analysis of samples from both facilities revealed the presence of hazardous and persistent <a href="/wiki/Hormone_disruptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormone disruptor">hormone disruptor</a> chemicals, including <a href="/wiki/Alkylphenol" title="Alkylphenol">alkylphenols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perfluorinated_compound" title="Perfluorinated compound">perfluorinated compounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perfluorooctane_sulfonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfluorooctane sulfonate">perfluorooctane sulfonate</a>. The report goes on to assert that the Youngor Group and Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. - the two companies behind the facilities - have commercial relationships with a range of major clothing brands, including <a href="/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Hockey" title="Bauer Hockey">Bauer Hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Klein" title="Calvin Klein">Calvin Klein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Converse (shoe company)">Converse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cortefiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortefiel">Cortefiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacoste" title="Lacoste">Lacoste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li_Ning_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Ning (company)">Li Ning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metersbonwe_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Metersbonwe Group">Metersbonwe Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillips-Van_Heusen" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillips-Van Heusen">Phillips-Van Heusen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puma_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Puma AG">Puma AG</a>. In 2013, Greenpeace launched the "Detox Fashion" campaign, which signed up some fashion brands to stop the discharge of toxic chemicals into rivers as a result of the production of their clothes.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guide_to_Greener_Electronics">Guide to Greener Electronics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Guide to Greener Electronics">edit</a>]</div> In August 2006, Greenpeace released the first edition of Guide to Greener Electronics, a magazine where mobile and PC manufacturers were ranked for their green performance, mainly based on the use of toxic materials in their products and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">e-waste</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In November 2011, the criteria were updated, as the industry had progressed since 2006, with the objective to get companies to set goals for greenhouse gas reduction, the use of renewable power up to 100 percent, producing long-lasting products free of hazardous substances and increasing sustainable practices. To ensure the transparency of the ranking the companies are assessed based only on their public information. For proving companies' policies and practices, Greenpeace uses chemical testing of products, reports from industry observers, media reports and testing of consumer programs to check if they match with their actions. Since the Guide was released in 2006, along with other similar campaigns has driven numerous improvements, when companies ranked eliminate toxic chemicals from their products and improve their recycling schemes. The last published edition of Guide to Greener Electronics was in 2017. The 2017 version included 17 major IT companies and ranked them on three criteria: energy use, <a href="/wiki/Resource_consumption" title="Resource consumption">resource consumption</a> and chemical elimination.<a href="#cite_note-GreenpeaceElectronics2017-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Save_the_Arctic">Save the Arctic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Save the Arctic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Arctic" title="Save the Arctic">Save the Arctic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG/220px-Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG/330px-Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG/440px-Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3263" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>Polar bear outside <a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell's</a> office in London in September, 2015</figcaption></figure> In continuity of the successful campaign to reach the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic-Environmental_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic-Environmental Protocol">Antarctic-Environmental Protocol</a>, in 2012 and 2013 protests with "Save the Arctic" banners were started. To stop oil- and gas-drilling, <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">industrial fishing</a> and military operations in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> region completely, a "global sanctuary in the high arctic" was demanded from the World leaders at the UN General Assembly: "We want them to pass a UN resolution expressing international concern for the Arctic." A resolution to protect the very vulnerable wildlife and ecosystem.<a href="#cite_note-savethearctic2013-165">[165]</a> 30 activists from <a href="/wiki/MV_Arctic_Sunrise" title="MV Arctic Sunrise">MV Arctic Sunrise</a> were <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_Arctic_Sunrise_ship_case" title="Greenpeace Arctic Sunrise ship case">arrested</a> on 19 September 2013 by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Coast Guard">Russian Coast Guard</a> while protesting at Gazprom's <a href="/wiki/Prirazlomnaya_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Prirazlomnaya platform">Prirazlomnaya platform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spiegel09-20-2013-166">[166]</a> Greenpeace members were originally charged with piracy, then later downgraded to hooliganism, before being dropped altogether following the passage of an amnesty law by the Russian government.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In July 2014, Greenpeace launched a global boycott campaign to persuade <a href="/wiki/Lego_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lego Group">Lego</a> to cease producing toys carrying the oil company Shell's logo in response to Shell's plans to drill for oil in the Arctic.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The organisation launched a video with over 9 million views (on YouTube alone) denouncing the impacts of this alliance. The video was entitled "LEGO: Everything is NOT awesome".<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Lego's partnership with Shell dates back to the 1960s, although the LEGO company created a fictional oil company called <a href="/wiki/Octan" class="mw-redirect" title="Octan">Octan</a>. Octan has appeared in countless sets, computer and console games, can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Legoland" title="Legoland">Legoland</a> parks, and is featured as the corporation headed by the villain President Business in <a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Movie" title="The Lego Movie">The Lego Movie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Norway">edit</a>]</div> There is a conflict over oil rigs in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Government">Norwegian Government</a> and Greenpeace. In 2013, three activists of Greenpeace got on a <a href="/wiki/Statoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Statoil">Statoil</a>'s oil rig, wearing bear suits. According to a spokesman from Greenpeace <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, they stayed on the rig for about three hours. The activists in bear suits "were escorted" to the shore. <a href="/wiki/Statoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Statoil">Statoil</a> reportedly did not intend to file a suit against them.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Greenpeace had argued that Statoil's drilling plans posed a threat to <a href="/wiki/Bear_Island_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Island (Norway)">Bear Island</a>, an uninhabited wildlife sanctuary that is home to rare species including polar bears, because an oil spill would be nearly impossible to clean up in the Arctic because of the harsh conditions.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Greenpeace regards the petroleum activities of Statoil as "illegal".<a href="#cite_note-Hovland1-173">[173]</a> Statoil denies the Greenpeace statement. According to The Maritime Executive (2014),<a href="#cite_note-Maritime1-174">[174]</a> Statoil says "Statoil respects people's right to make a legal protest, and we feel it is important to have a democratic debate around the oil industry. We have established robust plans for the operation, and feel confident they can be carried out safely and without accidents." On 27 May 2014, Greenpeace's ship, <a href="/wiki/MV_Esperanza" title="MV Esperanza">MV Esperanza</a>, took over <a href="/wiki/Transocean" title="Transocean">Transocean</a> <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>, oil rig of <a href="/wiki/Statoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Statoil">Statoil</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> in the Barents Sea such that it became incapable of operating. After that, the manager of Greenpeace <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> Truls Gulowsen answered a phone interview, stating that "Five protesters left the rig by helicopter last night and three returned to a nearby Greenpeace ship."<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg.com-176">[176]</a> There were seven more protesters on the rig at the time, but the Norwegian police could not remove them immediately because the rig was a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_convenience" title="Flag of convenience">flag of convenience</a> ship registered in the Marshall Islands and thus regarded as a ship in the open sea, as long as it did not begin drilling. On 29 May, however, the seven activists from Greenpeace were peacefully captured by Norwegian police on the rig. Soon after, according to <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, all the activists were set free without any fine. On 30 May, the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Coast_Guard" title="Norwegian Coast Guard">Norwegian Coast Guard</a> finally towed away Esperanza, though in the morning Greenpeace submitted a plea on which more than 80,000 signatures to the Norwegian Environment Minister <a href="/wiki/Tine_Sundtoft" title="Tine Sundtoft">Tine Sundtoft</a> in Oslo were written. Norwegian government and police reportedly allowed the coast guard to tow the Greenpeace ship.<a href="#cite_note-Norwaymoves-177">[177]</a> The Norwegian police stated that Statoil asked Greenpeace to stop preventing its activities, but Greenpeace ignored the warning. The police have stated that Greenpeace's interference with the petroleum activities of Statoil was the contrary to Norwegian law and ordered Greenpeace to leave the Barents Sea site.<a href="#cite_note-Hovland1-173">[173]</a> Statoil said delays to the start of drilling cost the company about $1.26 million per day.<a href="#cite_note-Norwaymoves-177">[177]</a> According to Reuters, Statoil was slated to begin drilling "three oil wells in the Apollo, Atlantis and Mercury prospects in the Hoop area, [which is] some 300 km away from the mainland [of Norway]" in the summer of 2014. Greenpeace has continued to criticize the big oil company for their "<a href="/wiki/Green_wash" class="mw-redirect" title="Green wash">green wash</a>", arguing that Statoil hid the truth that it is doing the risky oil drilling by sponsoring <a href="/wiki/FIRST_Lego_League_Challenge" title="FIRST Lego League Challenge">FIRST Lego League</a> and distracting people's attention from the company's project; it also argues that Statoil has to alter its attitude toward environments.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moratorium_on_deep_sea_mining_in_international_waters">Moratorium on deep sea mining in international waters</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Moratorium on deep sea mining in international waters">edit</a>]</div> Greenpeace has joined with other environmental organizations to call for a moratorium on exploratory deep sea mining authorized by the <a href="/wiki/International_Seabed_Authority" title="International Seabed Authority">International Seabed Authority</a> (ISA) under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">UN Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> (UNCLOS).<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Greenpeace says exploratory and commercial mining of <a href="/wiki/Polymetallic_nodules" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymetallic nodules">polymetallic nodules</a> could wreak havoc on the world's oceans, which act as a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sink" title="Carbon sink">carbon sink</a> absorbing a quarter of the world's carbon emissions each year.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> The organization says deep sea mining also disrupts the habitats of newly reported species, from crabs to whales to snails that survive without eating and congregate near bioluminescent thermal vents. Greenpeace has urged the International Seabed Authority to further develop UNCLOS' foundational Article 136 principle "of common heritage to all mankind" to revise regulations and set conservation targets. In a 2018 Greenpeace Research Laboratories report the organization stressed the importance of protecting marine biodiversity from toxins released during seabed mining for natural gas and rare metals for photovoltaic cells.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Greenpeace maintains the "pro-exploitation" ISA is not the appropriate authority to regulate deep sea mining (DSM). In 2019 Greenpeace activists protested outside the annual meeting of the International Seabed Authority in Jamaica, calling for a global ocean treaty to ban deep sea mining in ocean sanctuaries. Some of the activists had sailed to Jamaica aboard Greenpeace's ship, the Esperanza, which travelled from the "Lost City in the mid-Atlantic", an area Greenpeace says is threatened by exploratory mining.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_economy">Alternative economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Alternative economy">edit</a>]</div> Greenpeace promotes alternatives to the current economic and social system. According to the organization, the current system is not friendly to people and the planet, so Greenpeace tries to find a better alternative in collaboration with "communities, academics and organisations".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ships">Ships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ships">edit</a>]</div> Since Greenpeace was founded, seagoing ships have played a vital role in its campaigns. Greenpeace has chartered additional ships as needed. At least one non-Greenpeace owned ship was used during the organization's 2008–11 campaign to disrupt <a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">trawling</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> by placing large boulders on the seafloor and then providing local authorities with updated charts of where the boulders were placed. All ships are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Marine_diesel_oil" title="Marine diesel oil">marine diesel</a> engines. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_service">In service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: In service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AS_helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/AS_helsinki.jpg/220px-AS_helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/AS_helsinki.jpg/330px-AS_helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/AS_helsinki.jpg/440px-AS_helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Greenpeace's ship <a href="/wiki/MV_Arctic_Sunrise" title="MV Arctic Sunrise">MV Arctic Sunrise</a> in the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(2011)" title="Rainbow Warrior (2011)">Rainbow Warrior</a> is the third vessel to bear the name. Launched in 2011, it is sometimes referred to as Rainbow Warrior III.<a href="#cite_note-COMM-184">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Arctic_Sunrise" title="MV Arctic Sunrise">MV Arctic Sunrise</a></li> <li>SY Witness</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previously_in_service">Previously in service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Previously in service">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Rainbow_Warrior">First Rainbow Warrior</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: First Rainbow Warrior">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1955)">Rainbow Warrior (1955)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior" title="Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior">Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior</a></div> In 1978, Greenpeace launched the original <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1955)">Rainbow Warrior</a>, a 40-metre (130 ft), former fishing <a href="/wiki/Commercial_trawler" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial trawler">trawler</a> named after the book <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Rainbow_Warriors" title="Legend of the Rainbow Warriors">Warriors of the Rainbow</a>, which inspired early activist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(journalist)" title="Robert Hunter (journalist)">Robert Hunter</a> on the first voyage to Amchitka. Greenpeace purchased the Rainbow Warrior (originally launched as the Sir William Hardy in 1955) at a cost of £40,000. Volunteers restored and refitted it over a period of four months. First deployed to disrupt the hunt of the <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Icelandic</a> whaling fleet, the Rainbow Warrior quickly became a mainstay of Greenpeace campaigns. Between 1978 and 1985, crew members also engaged in direct action against the ocean-dumping of toxic and radioactive waste, the <a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">grey seal</a> hunt in <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> and nuclear testing in the Pacific. In May 1985, the vessel was instrumental for 'Operation Exodus', the evacuation of about 300 <a href="/wiki/Rongelap_Atoll" title="Rongelap Atoll">Rongelap Atoll</a> islanders whose home had been contaminated with nuclear fallout from a US nuclear test two decades earlier which had never been cleaned up and was still having severe health effects on the locals.<a href="#cite_note-GREEN-185">[185]</a> Later in 1985 the Rainbow Warrior was to lead a flotilla of protest vessels into the waters surrounding <a href="/wiki/Moruroa" title="Moruroa">Moruroa</a> atoll, site of French nuclear testing. The <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior" title="Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior">sinking of the Rainbow Warrior</a> occurred when the <a href="/wiki/French_government" class="mw-redirect" title="French government">French government</a> secretly bombed the ship in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> harbour on orders from <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> himself. This killed Dutch freelance photographer <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pereira" title="Fernando Pereira">Fernando Pereira</a>, who thought it was safe to enter the boat to get his photographic material after a first small explosion, but drowned as a result of a second, larger explosion.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The attack was a public relations disaster for France after it was quickly exposed by the New Zealand police. The French Government in 1987 agreed to pay New Zealand compensation of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">NZ$</a>13 million and formally apologised for the bombing. The French Government also paid <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">₣</a>2.3 million compensation to the family of the photographer. Later, in 2001, when the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cetacean_Research" title="Institute of Cetacean Research">Institute of Cetacean Research</a> of Japan called Greenpeace "<a href="/wiki/Ecoterrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecoterrorism">eco-terrorists</a>", Gert Leipold, then executive director of Greenpeace, detested the claim, saying "calling non-violent protest terrorism insults those who were injured or killed in the attacks of real terrorists, including Fernando Pereira, killed by State terrorism in the 1985 attack on the Rainbow Warrior".<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_Rainbow_Warrior">Second Rainbow Warrior</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Second Rainbow Warrior">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1957)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1957)">Rainbow Warrior (1957)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg/220px-Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg/330px-Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg/440px-Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Greenpeace's second <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow Warrior (1989)">Rainbow Warrior</a> ship arrives in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2007 UN climate conference</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1989 Greenpeace commissioned a replacement Rainbow Warrior vessel, sometimes referred to as Rainbow Warrior II. It retired from service on 16 August 2011, to be replaced by the third generation vessel. In 2005 the Rainbow Warrior II ran aground on and damaged the <a href="/wiki/Tubbataha_Reef" title="Tubbataha Reef">Tubbataha Reef</a> in the Philippines while inspecting the reef for <a href="/wiki/Coral_bleaching" title="Coral bleaching">coral bleaching</a>. Greenpeace was fined <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>7,000 for damaging the reef and agreed to pay the fine saying they felt responsible for the damage, although Greenpeace stated that the Philippines government had given it outdated charts. The park manager of Tubbataha appreciated the quick action Greenpeace took to assess the damage to the reef.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MV_Sirius" title="MV Sirius">MV Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Solo" title="MV Solo">MV Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Greenpeace" title="MV Greenpeace">MV Greenpeace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Gondwana" title="MV Gondwana">MV Gondwana</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beluga_(Schiff)" class="extiw" title="de:Beluga (Schiff)">MV Beluga</a> (in German)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Esperanza" title="MV Esperanza">MV Esperanza</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_and_responses_to_Greenpeace_activities">Reactions and responses to Greenpeace activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Reactions and responses to Greenpeace activities">edit</a>]</div> Lawsuits have been filed against Greenpeace for lost profits,<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> reputation damage<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Sailormongering" title="Sailormongering">sailormongering</a>". The latter case, brought under a law not prosecuted since 1890, was widely viewed as an attempt at revenge by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> for Greenpeace's criticism of its environmental policies. The case was dismissed when the prosecution rested, having failed to prove its case.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> In 2004 it was revealed that the Australian government was willing to offer a subsidy to <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Petroleum">Southern Pacific Petroleum</a> on the condition that the oil company would take legal action against Greenpeace, which had campaigned against the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Oil_Shale_Project" title="Stuart Oil Shale Project">Stuart Oil Shale Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In March 2024, a lawsuit of Total, following Greenpeace publication about the underestimate of Total's GHG emissions in 2019, was dismissed in the Parisian court.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Greenpeace said the decision is important because there are other similar cases pending in courts.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Some corporations, such as <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Royal Dutch Shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> have reacted to Greenpeace campaigns by spying on Greenpeace activities and infiltrating Greenpeace offices.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Greenpeace activists have also been targets of phone tapping, death threats, violence<a href="#cite_note-Timmer-36">[36]</a> and even <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a> in the case of the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior.<a href="#cite_note-Robie_D-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> On 19 May 2023, Russia's Prosecutor-General's Office designated Greenpeace as an <a href="/wiki/Russian_undesirable_organizations_law" title="Russian undesirable organizations law">undesirable organisation</a>, accusing it of interfering with Russia's internal affairs, undermining the country's economy, and financing the activities of Russian organizations recognized as "foreign agents".<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Greenpeace" title="Criticism of Greenpeace">Criticism of Greenpeace</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_Patrick_Moore">By Patrick Moore</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: By Patrick Moore">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moore_(consultant)" title="Patrick Moore (consultant)">Patrick Moore</a>, an early Greenpeace member, left the organization in 1986 when it, according to Moore, decided to support a universal ban on <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> in drinking water.<a href="#cite_note-moore-201">[201]</a> Moore has argued that Greenpeace today is motivated by politics rather than science and that none of his "fellow directors had any formal science education".<a href="#cite_note-moore-201">[201]</a> Bruce Cox, Director of Greenpeace Canada, responded that Greenpeace has never demanded a universal chlorine ban and that Greenpeace does not oppose use of chlorine in drinking water or in pharmaceutical uses, adding that "Mr. Moore is alone in his recollection of a fight over chlorine and/or use of science as his reason for leaving Greenpeace."<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Watson" title="Paul Watson">Paul Watson</a>, an early member of Greenpeace has said that Moore "uses his status as a so-called co-founder of Greenpeace to give credibility to his accusations. I am also a co-founder of Greenpeace and I have known Patrick Moore for 35 years.[...] Moore makes accusations that have no basis in fact".<a href="#cite_note-examiner-203">[203]</a> Patrick Moore also reversed his position on <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> in 1976,<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> first opposing it and now supporting it.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In Australian newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>, he writes "Greenpeace is wrong—we must consider nuclear power".<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> He argues that any realistic plan to reduce reliance on <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a> or <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> needs increased use of nuclear energy.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-205">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Radford" title="Phil Radford">Phil Radford</a>, executive director of Greenpeace US responded that nuclear energy is too risky, takes too long to build to address <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, and claims that most countries, including the U.S., could shift to nearly <a href="/wiki/100%25_renewable_energy" title="100% renewable energy">100% renewable energy</a> while phasing out nuclear power by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> In 2013, Moore criticized Greenpeace's stance on <a href="/wiki/Golden_rice" title="Golden rice">golden rice</a>, an issue where Moore has been joined by other environmentalists such as <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lynas" title="Mark Lynas">Mark Lynas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> stating that Greenpeace has "waged a campaign of misinformation, trashed the scientists who are working to bring Golden Rice to the people who need it, and supported the violent destruction of Golden Rice field trials."<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brent_Spar_tanker">Brent Spar tanker</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Brent Spar tanker">edit</a>]</div> Research published in natural science journal <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> accused Greenpeace of not caring for facts when it criticized the dumping of the <a href="/wiki/Brent_Spar" title="Brent Spar">Brent Spar</a> tanker, and accused the group of exaggerating the volume of oil that was stored in the tanker.<a href="#cite_note-nature-213">[213]</a> Greenpeace had claimed that the tanker contained 5,500 tonnes of crude oil, while Shell estimated it only contained 50 tonnes.<a href="#cite_note-iaea-214">[214]</a> However, the measurements had been made under duress during a protest occupation of the platform, since Shell had refused permission, and Greenpeace activists had been under attack by water cannons and the like.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> The BBC issued an apology to Greenpeace for having reported that the NGO lied.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Shell UK took three years to evaluate the disposal options, concluding that the disposal of the tanker in the deep ocean was the "<a href="/wiki/Best_Practicable_Environmental_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Practicable Environmental Option">Best Practicable Environmental Option</a>" (BPEO), an option which gained some support within some portion of the scientific community, as it was found by some to be of "negligible" environmental impact.<a href="#cite_note-iaea-214">[214]</a> British government and Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR) accepted the solution.<a href="#cite_note-iaea-214">[214]</a> The resulting NGO campaign against Shell's proposals included letters, boycotts which escalated to vandalism in Germany, and lobbying at intergovernmental conferences. Binding moratoriums supporting Greenpeace's, ecosystem protection, and the precautionary principle position were issued in more than one intergovernmental meeting, and at the 1998 OSPAR Convention, WWF presented a study of toxic effects on deep sea ecosystems. The meeting confirmed a general prohibition on ocean dumping.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Shell had transported the rig to the dumping site, but in the last hours canceled the operation and announced that it had failed in communicating its plans sufficiently to the public, admitting they had underestimated the strength of public opinion.<a href="#cite_note-iaea-214">[214]</a> In January 1998, Shell issued a new BPEO indicating recycling the rig as a quay in Norway.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Brent_Spar" title="Brent Spar">Brent Spar</a> container was decommissioned and one side issue that emerged was that the legs of the structure were found to contain cold-water coral species (Lophelia pertusa). As a result, the possibility was suggested of keeping the legs of such platforms on the sea bed in future, to serve as habitat.<a href="#cite_note-iaea-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> A Greenpeace representative opposed the suggestion, citing the fact that the reefs formed by the coral are at risk, not the coral itself, and that such a move would not promote development of such reefs, and expose coral species to toxic substances found in oil. "If I was to dump a car in a wood, moss would grow on it, and if I was lucky a bird may even nest in it. But this is not justification to fill our forests with disused cars," said Greenpeace campaigner Simon Reddy.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pascal_Husting_commute">Pascal Husting commute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Pascal Husting commute">edit</a>]</div> In 2013 reports noted that Pascal Husting, the director of Greenpeace International's "international programme" was commuting 400 km (250 mi) to work by plane, despite Greenpeace's activism to reduce air travel due to carbon footprint.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Greenpeace has said "the growth in aviation is ruining our chances of stopping dangerous climate change".<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> After a "public uproar" Greenpeace announced that Husting would commute by train.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazca_Lines">Nazca Lines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Nazca Lines">edit</a>]</div> In December 2014, Greenpeace activists damaged rock related to the <a href="/wiki/Nazca_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca Lines">Nazca Lines</a> in Peru while setting up a banner within the lines of one of the famed <a href="/wiki/Geoglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoglyphs">geoglyphs</a>, and there were concerns that the harm might be irreparable. The activists damaged an area around the hummingbird by walking near the glyph without regulation footwear. Access to the area around the lines is strictly prohibited and<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_Nazca-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt_nazca-228">[228]</a> special shoes must be worn to avoid damaging the <a href="/wiki/UN_World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="UN World Heritage">UN World Heritage</a> site. Greenpeace said the activists were "absolutely careful to protect the Nazca lines,"<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> but this is contradicted by video and photographs showing the activists wearing conventional shoes (not special protective shoes) while walking on the site.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> Greenpeace has apologized to the Peruvian people,<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> but Loise Jamie Castillo, Peru's Vice Minister of Cultural Heritage called the apology "a joke", because Greenpeace refused to identify the vandals or accept responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Culture Minister Diana Álvarez-Calderón said that evidence gathered during an investigation by the government will be used as part of a legal suit against Greenpeace. "The damage done is irreparable and the apologies offered by the environmental group aren't enough," she said at a news conference.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ_Nazca-23">[23]</a> By January 2015, Greenpeace had presented statements of four members of the NGO involved in the action.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-whaling_campaign_in_Norway_in_the_1990s">Anti-whaling campaign in Norway in the 1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Anti-whaling campaign in Norway in the 1990s">edit</a>]</div> During the 1990s Greenpeace conducted many anti-whaling expeditions in Norway. Critics have said that Greenpeace only campaigned against whaling to gain economic donations from the US economy, and it had little to do with saving the environment or the lives of the whales. For example, shark hunting is a more pressing issue, but since sharks are widely feared in the United States, activism to help sharks does not receive as much financial support. Greenpeace has rejected this claim. However, in Norwegian Newspaper <a href="/wiki/Dagbladet" title="Dagbladet">Dagbladet</a> on 11 April 2015, <a href="/wiki/Kumi_Naidoo" title="Kumi Naidoo">Kumi Naidoo</a> admitted that the anti-whale campaign was a "miscalculation".<a href="#cite_note-m.db.no-235">[235]</a> Greenpeace holds that whaling was only resumed by Norway after the IWC ban because of political election motives, and faces many explicit hurdles, including <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Japan" title="Whaling in Japan">decreased demand in Japan</a> and toxic chemical contamination.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates">Open letter from Nobel laureates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Open letter from Nobel laureates">edit</a>]</div> In June 2016, 107 Nobel laureates signed an open letter<a href="#cite_note-openletter-18">[18]</a> urging Greenpeace to end its opposition to genetically modified organisms (GMOs).<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> The letter stated:<a href="#cite_note-openletter-18">[18]</a><blockquote>We urge Greenpeace and its supporters to re-examine the experience of farmers and consumers worldwide with crops and foods improved through biotechnology, recognize the findings of authoritative scientific bodies and regulatory agencies, and abandon their campaign against "GMOs" in general and Golden Rice in particular. Scientific and regulatory agencies around the world have repeatedly and consistently found crops and foods improved through biotechnology to be as safe as, if not safer than those derived from any other method of production. There has never been a single confirmed case of a negative health outcome for humans or animals from their consumption. Their environmental impacts have been shown repeatedly to be less damaging to the environment, and a boon to global biodiversity. [...] We call upon governments of the world to [...] do everything in their power to oppose Greenpeace's actions and accelerate the access of farmers to all the tools of modern biology, especially seeds improved through biotechnology. [...] Opposition based on emotion and dogma contradicted by data must be stopped.</blockquote>Greenpeace responded stating that "Accusations that anyone is blocking genetically engineered 'Golden' rice are false" and that they support "investing in climate-resilient ecological agriculture and empowering farmers to access a balanced and nutritious diet, rather than pouring money down the drain for GE 'Golden' rice."<a href="#cite_note-reactive_statement-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efforts_to_curb_Arctic_Oil_Exploration">Efforts to curb Arctic Oil Exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Efforts to curb Arctic Oil Exploration">edit</a>]</div> In December 2020, Norway's Supreme Court refused to interfere in the work of ongoing oil exploration endeavors which was challenged jointly by Greenpeace and Nature and Youth Norway on the ground that the activity related to oil explorations violate human rights due to its contributing aspect towards <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">carbon emission</a>. The ruling said that the permission granted during 2016 will remain valid as it was not found to violate either '<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">Norwegian Constitution's right</a>' or '<a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>'. <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> reportedly contributed $29,000 as the lawsuit cost on behalf of the plaintiff Greenpeace and <a href="/wiki/Nature_and_Youth_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature and Youth (Norway)">Nature and Youth Norway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Archives">edit</a>]</div> There is a Greenpeace Canada <a href="/wiki/Fonds" title="Fonds">fonds</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Archival reference number is R4377. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_Hamburg_White_Out.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greenpeace boat on the Elbe, Hamburg, Germany, 2007"><img alt="Greenpeace boat on the Elbe, Hamburg, Germany, 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Greenpeace_Hamburg_White_Out.jpg/225px-Greenpeace_Hamburg_White_Out.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Greenpeace_Hamburg_White_Out.jpg/337px-Greenpeace_Hamburg_White_Out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Greenpeace_Hamburg_White_Out.jpg/450px-Greenpeace_Hamburg_White_Out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1740" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greenpeace boat on the Elbe, Hamburg, Germany, 2007</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CoalProtest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coal protest in Canada, 2009"><img alt="Coal protest in Canada, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CoalProtest.jpg/225px-CoalProtest.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CoalProtest.jpg/338px-CoalProtest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CoalProtest.jpg/451px-CoalProtest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coal protest in Canada, 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Angra_3-Greenpeace_(7345540700).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anti-nuclear demonstration, Rio de Janeiro, 2009"><img alt="Anti-nuclear demonstration, Rio de Janeiro, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Angra_3-Greenpeace_%287345540700%29.jpg/225px-Angra_3-Greenpeace_%287345540700%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Angra_3-Greenpeace_%287345540700%29.jpg/338px-Angra_3-Greenpeace_%287345540700%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Angra_3-Greenpeace_%287345540700%29.jpg/450px-Angra_3-Greenpeace_%287345540700%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1342" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anti-nuclear demonstration, Rio de Janeiro, 2009</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Katowice._Odkrywka_w_wielkim_mie%C5%9Bcie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Activists in Poland against an open pit mine, 2014"><img alt="Activists in Poland against an open pit mine, 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Katowice._Odkrywka_w_wielkim_mie%C5%9Bcie.jpg/226px-Katowice._Odkrywka_w_wielkim_mie%C5%9Bcie.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Katowice._Odkrywka_w_wielkim_mie%C5%9Bcie.jpg/339px-Katowice._Odkrywka_w_wielkim_mie%C5%9Bcie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Katowice._Odkrywka_w_wielkim_mie%C5%9Bcie.jpg/452px-Katowice._Odkrywka_w_wielkim_mie%C5%9Bcie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Activists in Poland against an open pit mine, 2014</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpeace_Israel_in_action_against_pollution.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greenpeace Israel in action against pollution, 2015"><img alt="Greenpeace Israel in action against pollution, 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Greenpeace_Israel_in_action_against_pollution.jpg/226px-Greenpeace_Israel_in_action_against_pollution.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Greenpeace_Israel_in_action_against_pollution.jpg/339px-Greenpeace_Israel_in_action_against_pollution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Greenpeace_Israel_in_action_against_pollution.jpg/452px-Greenpeace_Israel_in_action_against_pollution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greenpeace Israel in action against pollution, 2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 68.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 66.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mersin_Greenpeace_action_activists_in_2015_7528.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuclear protest in Turkey, 2015"><img alt="Nuclear protest in Turkey, 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mersin_Greenpeace_action_activists_in_2015_7528.jpg/100px-Mersin_Greenpeace_action_activists_in_2015_7528.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mersin_Greenpeace_action_activists_in_2015_7528.jpg/150px-Mersin_Greenpeace_action_activists_in_2015_7528.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mersin_Greenpeace_action_activists_in_2015_7528.jpg/200px-Mersin_Greenpeace_action_activists_in_2015_7528.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="4928" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuclear protest in Turkey, 2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CDH_-_Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Direitos_Humanos_e_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Participativa_(21404043203).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Legislative hearing on deforestation in Brasil, 2015"><img alt="Legislative hearing on deforestation in Brasil, 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CDH_-_Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Direitos_Humanos_e_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Participativa_%2821404043203%29.jpg/226px-CDH_-_Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Direitos_Humanos_e_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Participativa_%2821404043203%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CDH_-_Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Direitos_Humanos_e_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Participativa_%2821404043203%29.jpg/338px-CDH_-_Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Direitos_Humanos_e_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Participativa_%2821404043203%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CDH_-_Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Direitos_Humanos_e_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Participativa_%2821404043203%29.jpg/451px-CDH_-_Comiss%C3%A3o_de_Direitos_Humanos_e_Legisla%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Participativa_%2821404043203%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2120" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Legislative hearing on deforestation in Brasil, 2015 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_of_Greenpeace_with_coal_in_front_of_the_German_Chancellery_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Protest with coal in front of the German Chancellery, 2017"><img alt="Protest with coal in front of the German Chancellery, 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Protest_of_Greenpeace_with_coal_in_front_of_the_German_Chancellery_10.jpg/200px-Protest_of_Greenpeace_with_coal_in_front_of_the_German_Chancellery_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Protest_of_Greenpeace_with_coal_in_front_of_the_German_Chancellery_10.jpg/300px-Protest_of_Greenpeace_with_coal_in_front_of_the_German_Chancellery_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Protest_of_Greenpeace_with_coal_in_front_of_the_German_Chancellery_10.jpg/400px-Protest_of_Greenpeace_with_coal_in_front_of_the_German_Chancellery_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Protest with coal in front of the German Chancellery, 2017</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Poluezi_de_mori,_CEO!.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanian nuclear protest, 2017"><img alt="Romanian nuclear protest, 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Poluezi_de_mori%2C_CEO%21.jpg/225px-Poluezi_de_mori%2C_CEO%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Poluezi_de_mori%2C_CEO%21.jpg/337px-Poluezi_de_mori%2C_CEO%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Poluezi_de_mori%2C_CEO%21.jpg/449px-Poluezi_de_mori%2C_CEO%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="342" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Romanian nuclear protest, 2017</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Concierto_En%C3%A9rgicas_de_Greenpeace,_Madrid_2018,_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Women in Concert for the Energy Revolution, Sala la Riviera, Madrid 2018"><img alt="Women in Concert for the Energy Revolution, Sala la Riviera, Madrid 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Concierto_En%C3%A9rgicas_de_Greenpeace%2C_Madrid_2018%2C_00.jpg/207px-Concierto_En%C3%A9rgicas_de_Greenpeace%2C_Madrid_2018%2C_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Concierto_En%C3%A9rgicas_de_Greenpeace%2C_Madrid_2018%2C_00.jpg/311px-Concierto_En%C3%A9rgicas_de_Greenpeace%2C_Madrid_2018%2C_00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Concierto_En%C3%A9rgicas_de_Greenpeace%2C_Madrid_2018%2C_00.jpg/414px-Concierto_En%C3%A9rgicas_de_Greenpeace%2C_Madrid_2018%2C_00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4575" data-file-height="3315" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Women in Concert for the Energy Revolution, Sala la Riviera, Madrid 2018</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1Europaf%C3%BCralle_demonstration_Berlin_Greenpeace_block_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Demonstration in Berlin, 2019"><img alt="Demonstration in Berlin, 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1Europaf%C3%BCralle_demonstration_Berlin_Greenpeace_block_04.jpg/200px-1Europaf%C3%BCralle_demonstration_Berlin_Greenpeace_block_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1Europaf%C3%BCralle_demonstration_Berlin_Greenpeace_block_04.jpg/300px-1Europaf%C3%BCralle_demonstration_Berlin_Greenpeace_block_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1Europaf%C3%BCralle_demonstration_Berlin_Greenpeace_block_04.jpg/400px-1Europaf%C3%BCralle_demonstration_Berlin_Greenpeace_block_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Demonstration in Berlin, 2019</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/48px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/64px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/350.org" title="350.org">350.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Reality_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate Reality Project">Climate Reality Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Clock" title="Climate Clock">Climate Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Renewable_Energy_Council" title="European Renewable Energy Council">European Renewable Energy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Nature" title="Friends of Nature">Friends of Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_for_Wild_Nature" title="Fund for Wild Nature">Fund for Wild Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Change_the_World_(film)" title="How to Change the World (film)">How to Change the World</a> (2015 documentary film about Greenpeace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_USA" title="Greenpeace USA">Greenpeace USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_Australia_Pacific" title="Greenpeace Australia Pacific">Greenpeace Australia Pacific</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-involved-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-involved_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-involved_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/getinvolved/">"Greenpeace International home page, Get involved"</a>. Greenpeace.org. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greenpeace+International+home+page%2C+Get+involved&rft.pub=Greenpeace.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Finternational%2Fen%2Fgetinvolved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddick,_Don2006" class="citation book cs1">Liddick, Don (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I-i09nTSSAkC&pg=PA16">Eco-terrorism: Radical Environmental and Animal Liberation Movements</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 16–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98535-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98535-6"><bdi>978-0-275-98535-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170209173042/https://books.google.com/books?id=I-i09nTSSAkC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eco-terrorism%3A+Radical+Environmental+and+Animal+Liberation+Movements&rft.pages=16-&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98535-6&rft.au=Liddick%2C+Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI-i09nTSSAkC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GPI-FAQ-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GPI-FAQ_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GPI-FAQ_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GPI-FAQ_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411091859/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/faq/questions-about-greenpeace-in">"Greenpeace International FAQ: Questions about Greenpeace in general"</a>. 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The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Defra+Ordered+to+Cut+Greenpeace+Ties+after+Sunak+Roof+Protest&rft.date=2023-08-04&rft.aulast=Allegretti&rft.aufirst=Aubrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2023%2Faug%2F04%2Fgreenpeace-activists-who-scaled-rishi-sunak-home-freed-on-bail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/en/press/reports/how-unilever-palm-oil-supplier">How Unilever Palm Oil Suppliers are burning up Borneo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826164737/http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/en/press/reports/how-unilever-palm-oil-supplier">Archived</a> 26 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100727201533/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/press-center/reports4/slaughtering-the-amazon">"Slaughtering the Amazon"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Orangutan+Day%3A+Numbers+in+decline+despite+Indonesian+government%27s+claims&rft.pub=Greenpeace+International&rft.date=2018-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Finternational%2Fpress-release%2F18064%2Fworld-orangutan-day-numbers-in-decline-despite-indonesian-governments-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clearcast-PR-181109-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Clearcast-PR-181109_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clearcast.co.uk/press/iceland-advert/">"Iceland advert"</a> (Press release). Clearcast. 9 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224048/https://www.clearcast.co.uk/press/iceland-advert/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iceland+advert&rft.pub=Clearcast&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clearcast.co.uk%2Fpress%2Ficeland-advert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312055411/http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=93031">"Finland's environmental administration, 1995"</a>. Ymparisto.fi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=93031">the original</a> on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finland%27s+environmental+administration%2C+1995&rft.pub=Ymparisto.fi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ymparisto.fi%2Fdefault.asp%3Fcontentid%3D93031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104008/http://vihreavoima.tripod.com/finnish_greenpeace.htm">"Stolen trunk of a tree: references from Iltasanomat. 9.6.1995"</a>. Vihreavoima.tripod.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vihreavoima.tripod.com/finnish_greenpeace.htm">the original</a> on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stolen+trunk+of+a+tree%3A+references+from+Iltasanomat.+9.6.1995&rft.pub=Vihreavoima.tripod.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvihreavoima.tripod.com%2Ffinnish_greenpeace.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811005223/http://www.hs.fi/arkisto/haku?pageNumber=1&order=FIFO&advancedSearch=1&free=greenpeace&date=20070110&depa=Kaikki+osastot&fromDay=1&fromMonth=8&fromYear=1995&toDay=1&toMonth=8&toYear=1995">"References from Helsingin Sanomat, 1.8.1995"</a>. Hs.fi. 8 January 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hs.fi/arkisto/haku?pageNumber=1&order=FIFO&advancedSearch=1&free=greenpeace&date=20070110&depa=Kaikki+osastot&fromDay=1&fromMonth=8&fromYear=1995&toDay=1&toMonth=8&toYear=1995">the original</a> on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=References+from+Helsingin+Sanomat%2C+1.8.1995&rft.pub=Hs.fi&rft.date=1995-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Farkisto%2Fhaku%3FpageNumber%3D1%26order%3DFIFO%26advancedSearch%3D1%26free%3Dgreenpeace%26date%3D20070110%26depa%3DKaikki%2Bosastot%26fromDay%3D1%26fromMonth%3D8%26fromYear%3D1995%26toDay%3D1%26toMonth%3D8%26toYear%3D1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Häirikkö lintukodossa : Suomen Greenpeace 1989–1998 (vastuullinen julkaisija: Matti Vuori, toimitus: Laura Hakoköngäs, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-97079-3-X" title="Special:BookSources/951-97079-3-X">951-97079-3-X</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Häirikkö lintukodossa : Suomen Greenpeace 1989–1998 (vastuullinen julkaisija: Matti Vuori, toimitus: Laura Hakoköngäs, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-97079-3-X" title="Special:BookSources/951-97079-3-X">951-97079-3-X</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070811195005/http://www.luontoon.fi/page.asp?Section=6582">"Metsähallitus: The Nature of Koitajoki (in Finnish)"</a>. Luontoon.fi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luontoon.fi/page.asp?Section=6582">the original</a> on 11 August 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mets%C3%A4hallitus%3A+The+Nature+of+Koitajoki+%28in+Finnish%29&rft.pub=Luontoon.fi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luontoon.fi%2Fpage.asp%3FSection%3D6582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/17248/worlds-largest-palm-oil-trader-linked-to-rainforest-destruction-twice-the-size-of-paris/">"World's largest palm oil trader linked to rainforest destruction twice the size of Paris"</a>. Greenpeace International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926130649/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/17248/worlds-largest-palm-oil-trader-linked-to-rainforest-destruction-twice-the-size-of-paris/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Greenpeace+International&rft.atitle=World%27s+largest+palm+oil+trader+linked+to+rainforest+destruction+twice+the+size+of+Paris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Finternational%2Fpress-release%2F17248%2Fworlds-largest-palm-oil-trader-linked-to-rainforest-destruction-twice-the-size-of-paris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajanaiduMohd_DinMarhalilNorziha2018" class="citation cs2">Rajanaidu, N.; Mohd Din, A.; Marhalil, M.; Norziha, A.; Meilina, O. A.; Fadila, A. M.; Nor Azwani, A. B.; Adelina, L.; Zulkifli, H. (9 February 2018), "Diversity in the genetic resources of oil palm", Achieving sustainable cultivation of oil palm Volume 1, Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, pp. 93–116, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.19103%2Fas.2017.0018.05">10.19103/as.2017.0018.05</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786761040" title="Special:BookSources/9781786761040"><bdi>9781786761040</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Achieving+sustainable+cultivation+of+oil+palm+Volume+1&rft.atitle=Diversity+in+the+genetic+resources+of+oil+palm&rft.pages=93-116&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.19103%2Fas.2017.0018.05&rft.isbn=9781786761040&rft.aulast=Rajanaidu&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Mohd+Din%2C+A.&rft.au=Marhalil%2C+M.&rft.au=Norziha%2C+A.&rft.au=Meilina%2C+O.+A.&rft.au=Fadila%2C+A.+M.&rft.au=Nor+Azwani%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Adelina%2C+L.&rft.au=Zulkifli%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStackl2020" class="citation web cs1">Stackl, Valentina (23 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/resolute-to-pay-almost-1-million-dollars-to-greenpeace/">"Judge Orders Resolute Forest Products to Pay Almost 1 Million Dollars to Greenpeace"</a>. Greenpeace USA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200428225354/https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/resolute-to-pay-almost-1-million-dollars-to-greenpeace/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenpeace+USA&rft.atitle=Judge+Orders+Resolute+Forest+Products+to+Pay+Almost+1+Million+Dollars+to+Greenpeace&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft.aulast=Stackl&rft.aufirst=Valentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Fusa%2Fnews%2Fresolute-to-pay-almost-1-million-dollars-to-greenpeace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoas" class="citation web cs1">Moas, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/boreal/clearcutting-free-speech/">"Clearcutting Free Speech"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenpeace+USA&rft.atitle=Clearcutting+Free+Speech&rft.aulast=Moas&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Fusa%2Fforests%2Fboreal%2Fclearcutting-free-speech%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgina_Robinson2010" class="citation news cs1">Georgina Robinson (9 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/whaling-protesters-demand-release-of-tokyo-two-20100609-xv35.html">"Whaling protesters demand release of Tokyo Two"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Whaling+protesters+demand+release+of+Tokyo+Two&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.au=Georgina+Robinson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fenvironment%2Fwhale-watch%2Fwhaling-protesters-demand-release-of-tokyo-two-20100609-xv35.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/japan-must-respect-rights-of-detained-greenpeace-activists-20080715">"Japan must respect rights of detained Greenpeace activists"</a>. Amnesty.org. 15 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617033458/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/japan-must-respect-rights-of-detained-greenpeace-activists-20080715">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+must+respect+rights+of+detained+Greenpeace+activists&rft.pub=Amnesty.org&rft.date=2008-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fnews-and-updates%2Fnews%2Fjapan-must-respect-rights-of-detained-greenpeace-activists-20080715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamaguchi2010" class="citation news cs1">Yamaguchi, Mari (6 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-2-activists-convicted-of-whale-meat-theft-in-japan-2010sep06-story.html">"2 activists convicted of whale meat theft in Japan"</a>. San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801080515/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-2-activists-convicted-of-whale-meat-theft-in-japan-2010sep06-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2+activists+convicted+of+whale+meat+theft+in+Japan&rft.date=2010-09-06&rft.aulast=Yamaguchi&rft.aufirst=Mari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fsdut-2-activists-convicted-of-whale-meat-theft-in-japan-2010sep06-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/eat-this-or-die/">"Eat this or die, The poison politics of food aid"</a>. Greenpeace. 30 September 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522155602/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/eat-this-or-die/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eat+this+or+die%2C+The+poison+politics+of+food+aid&rft.pub=Greenpeace&rft.date=2002-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Finternational%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Feat-this-or-die%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRory2002" class="citation news cs1">Rory, Carrol (30 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/oct/30/gm.food">"Zambia slams door shut on GM relief food"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722140338/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/oct/30/gm.food">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Zambia+slams+door+shut+on+GM+relief+food&rft.date=2002-10-30&rft.aulast=Rory&rft.aufirst=Carrol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2002%2Foct%2F30%2Fgm.food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216191555/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/about/greenpeace-gm-food-aid-and-zambia">"Greenpeace, GM food aid and Zambia"</a>. Greenpeace. 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Retrieved 17 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Suppressed+report+shows+cancer+link+to+GM+potatoes&rft.date=2011-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fhealth-and-families%2Fhealth-news%2Fsuppressed-report-shows-cancer-link-to-gm-potatoes-436673.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/agriculture/problem/genetic-engineering/hands-off-our-rice/Greenpeace-and-Golden-Rice/">"and golden rice"</a>. 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Praeger Publishers. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97388-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97388-3"><bdi>0-275-97388-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+order+and+global+disorder%3A+globalization+and+the+nation-state&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-275-97388-3&rft.aulast=Suter&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/05/19/greenpeace-russia-closes-after-being-banned-as-undesirable-group-a81208">"Greenpeace Russia Closes After Being Banned as 'Undesirable' Group"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Why+I+Left+Greenpeace&rft.date=2008-04-22&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB120882720657033391%3Fmod%3Dopinion_main_commentaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2008" class="citation news cs1">Cox, Bruce (20 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2008/05/20/bruce-cox-defends-greenpeace-and-takes-on-patrick-moore.aspx">"Bruce Cox defends Greenpeace (and takes on Patrick Moore)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a>. Retrieved 4 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Bruce+Cox+defends+Greenpeace+%28and+takes+on+Patrick+Moore%29&rft.date=2008-05-20&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnetwork.nationalpost.com%2Fnp%2Fblogs%2Ffullcomment%2Farchive%2F2008%2F05%2F20%2Fbruce-cox-defends-greenpeace-and-takes-on-patrick-moore.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-examiner-203"><a href="#cite_ref-examiner_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2005" class="citation news cs1">Watson, Paul (31 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012093746/http://www.seashepherd.org/editorials/editorial_050801_2.html">"Solutions instead of sensationalism"</a>. The San Francisco Examiner. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seashepherd.org/editorials/editorial_050801_2.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Francisco+Examiner&rft.atitle=Solutions+instead+of+sensationalism&rft.date=2005-07-31&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seashepherd.org%2Feditorials%2Feditorial_050801_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> Moore, Patrick (1976) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/images/3/36/Patrick_Moore_1976_Greenpeace_Report.pdf">Assault on Future Generations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020185238/http://www.sourcewatch.org/images/3/36/Patrick_Moore_1976_Greenpeace_Report.pdf">Archived</a> 20 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Greenpeace report, pp. 47-49. </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wapo_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wapo_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2006" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Patrick (16 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401209_pf.html">"Going Nuclear"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110131114546/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401209_pf.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Going+Nuclear&rft.date=2006-04-16&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F04%2F14%2FAR2006041401209_pf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401209.html">Going Nuclear</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110120234840/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401209.html">Archived</a> 20 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> (16 April 2006) </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/patrick-moore-nuclear-energy-yes-please-436399.html">Nuclear energy? Yes please!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610012919/http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/patrick-moore-nuclear-energy-yes-please-436399.html">Archived</a> 10 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> (15 February 2007) </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Moore, Patrick (10 December 2007) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/greenpeace-is-wrong--we-must-consider-nuclear-power/2007/12/09/1197135284092.html">Greenpeace is wrong—we must consider nuclear power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131116000400/http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/greenpeace-is-wrong--we-must-consider-nuclear-power/2007/12/09/1197135284092.html">Archived</a> 16 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007025028/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/6/greenpeace-energy-r-evolution.pdf">Energy Revolution, Greenpeace report</a>. 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Retrieved 11 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Peru+Riled+by+Greenpeace+Stunt+at+Nazca+Lines&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft.au=Briceno%2C+Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fperu-indignant-greenpeace-stunt-nazca-lines-27488218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzavtWbjXow">"Video of Greenpeace Nazca Lines Protest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 10 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141212053237/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzavtWbjXow&app=desktop">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Video+of+Greenpeace+Nazca+Lines+Protest&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRzavtWbjXow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.vice.com/article/drone-footage-shows-extent-of-damage-from-greenpeace-stunt-at-nazca-lines">Vice News: "Drone Footage Shows Extent of Damage From Greenpeace Stunt at Nazca Lines" By Kayla Ruble</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514130041/https://news.vice.com/article/drone-footage-shows-extent-of-damage-from-greenpeace-stunt-at-nazca-lines">Archived</a> 14 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 17 December 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216155353/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/peru-indignant-at-greenpeace-stunt-at-nazca-lines/2014/12/09/1a21aee8-8008-11e4-b936-f3afab0155a7_story.html">"Greenpeace apologizes for Nazca lines stunt"</a>. 10 December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/peru-indignant-at-greenpeace-stunt-at-nazca-lines/2014/12/09/1a21aee8-8008-11e4-b936-f3afab0155a7_story.html">the original</a> on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Greenpeace+apologizes+for+Nazca+lines+stunt&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe_americas%2Fperu-indignant-at-greenpeace-stunt-at-nazca-lines%2F2014%2F12%2F09%2F1a21aee8-8008-11e4-b936-f3afab0155a7_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217013647/http://www.adn.com/article/20141216/greenpeace-wont-name-activists-linked-damage-peru-says">"Greenpeace Won't Name Activists Linked to Damage"</a>. 16 December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adn.com/article/20141216/greenpeace-wont-name-activists-linked-damage-peru-says">the original</a> on 17 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greenpeace+Won%27t+Name+Activists+Linked+to+Damage&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adn.com%2Farticle%2F20141216%2Fgreenpeace-wont-name-activists-linked-damage-peru-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> "Greenpeace Offers Apology...timeline", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/Nazca-Timeline/">http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/Nazca-Timeline/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011062918/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/Nazca-Timeline/">Archived</a> 11 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; accessed 10 October 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-m.db.no-235"><a href="#cite_ref-m.db.no_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="1" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.db.no/2015/04/10/magasinet/pluss/kumi_naidoo/greenpeace/38574658/">"Norges oljeøkonomi bidrar til krig og folkemord, hevder Greenpeace-sjef Kumi Naidoo"</a>. Dagbladet. 11 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715180156/http://m.db.no/2015/04/10/magasinet/pluss/kumi_naidoo/greenpeace/38574658/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Norges+olje%C3%B8konomi+bidrar+til+krig+og+folkemord%2C+hevder+Greenpeace-sjef+Kumi+Naidoo&rft.date=2015-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.db.no%2F2015%2F04%2F10%2Fmagasinet%2Fpluss%2Fkumi_naidoo%2Fgreenpeace%2F38574658%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> "Norway and whaling," accessed 10 October 2016; <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/fit-for-the-future/whaling/norwegian-whaling/">http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/fit-for-the-future/whaling/norwegian-whaling/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011062257/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/fit-for-the-future/whaling/norwegian-whaling/">Archived</a> 11 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/06/29/more-than-100-nobel-laureates-take-on-greenpeace-over-gmo-stance/">"107 Nobel laureates sign letter blasting Greenpeace over GMOs"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629203642/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/06/29/more-than-100-nobel-laureates-take-on-greenpeace-over-gmo-stance/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=107+Nobel+laureates+sign+letter+blasting+Greenpeace+over+GMOs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fspeaking-of-science%2Fwp%2F2016%2F06%2F29%2Fmore-than-100-nobel-laureates-take-on-greenpeace-over-gmo-stance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibellTaylor2020" class="citation news cs1">Libell, Henrik Pryser; Taylor, Derrick Bryson (22 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/22/world/europe/norway-supreme-court-oil-climate-change.html">"Norway's Supreme Court Makes Way for More Arctic Drilling"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222005930/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/22/world/europe/norway-supreme-court-oil-climate-change.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Norway%27s+Supreme+Court+Makes+Way+for+More+Arctic+Drilling&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Libell&rft.aufirst=Henrik+Pryser&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Derrick+Bryson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F12%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fnorway-supreme-court-oil-climate-change.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdomaitis2020" class="citation news cs1">Adomaitis, Nerijus (22 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-oil-environment-idUKKBN28W104">"Norway supreme court verdict opens Arctic to more oil drilling"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110201914/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-oil-environment-idUKKBN28W104">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Norway+supreme+court+verdict+opens+Arctic+to+more+oil+drilling&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft.aulast=Adomaitis&rft.aufirst=Nerijus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-norway-oil-environment-idUKKBN28W104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecowatch.com/norway-offshore-drilling-lawsuit-supreme-court-2649631614.html">"'Disappointing' Decision From Norway's Supreme Court in Climate Lawsuit Challenging Arctic Offshore Oil Licenses"</a>. EcoWatch. 23 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126011028/https://www.ecowatch.com/norway-offshore-drilling-lawsuit-supreme-court-2649631614.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EcoWatch&rft.atitle=%27Disappointing%27+Decision+From+Norway%27s+Supreme+Court+in+Climate+Lawsuit+Challenging+Arctic+Offshore+Oil+Licenses&rft.date=2020-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecowatch.com%2Fnorway-offshore-drilling-lawsuit-supreme-court-2649631614.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=163472&lang=eng">"Finding aid to Greenpeace Canada fonds, Library and Archives Canada"</a>. 20 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522111504/https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=fonandcol&IdNumber=163472">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+aid+to+Greenpeace+Canada+fonds%2C+Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcentral.bac-lac.gc.ca%2F.redirect%3Fapp%3Dfonandcol%26id%3D163472%26lang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEden2004" class="citation journal cs1">Eden, Sally (2004). "Greenpeace". <a href="/wiki/New_Political_Economy_(journal)" title="New Political Economy (journal)">New Political Economy</a>. 9 (4): 595–610. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1356346042000311191">10.1080/1356346042000311191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Greenpeace&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=595-610&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1356346042000311191&rft.aulast=Eden&rft.aufirst=Sally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2004" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, Robert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wBwhjK7T38UC&q=Greenpeace&pg=PP1">The Greenpeace to Amchitka: an environmental odyssey</a>. Arsenal Pulp Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55152-178-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55152-178-4"><bdi>1-55152-178-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126165752/https://books.google.com/books?id=wBwhjK7T38UC&q=Greenpeace&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greenpeace+to+Amchitka%3A+an+environmental+odyssey&rft.pub=Arsenal+Pulp+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-55152-178-4&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwBwhjK7T38UC%26q%3DGreenpeace%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hunter, Robert and McTaggart, David (1978) Greenpeace III: Journey into the Bomb (Collins). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0002118858" title="Special:BookSources/0002118858">0002118858</a></li> <li>Hunter, Robert (1979) Warriors of the Rainbow: A Chronicle of the Greenpeace Movement (Holt, Rinehart and Winston). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-043736-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-043736-9">0-03-043736-9</a></li> <li>King, Michael (1986) Death of the Rainbow Warrior (Penguin Books). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-009738-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-009738-4">0-14-009738-4</a></li> <li>McCormick, John (1995) The Global Environmental Movement (John Wiley)</li> <li>Robie, David (1987) Eyes of Fire: The Last Voyage of the Rainbow Warrior (New Society Press). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86571-114-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86571-114-3">0-86571-114-3</a></li> <li>Brown, Michael; May, John (1989) The Greenpeace Story (Dorling Kindersley, 1991). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-879431-02-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-879431-02-5">1-879431-02-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstopowich2002" class="citation book cs1">Ostopowich, Melanie (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hmbci90tNtMC&q=Greenpeace&pg=PP1">Greenpeace</a>. Weigl Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59036-020-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-59036-020-6"><bdi>1-59036-020-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522111117/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hmbci90tNtMC&q=Greenpeace&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greenpeace&rft.pub=Weigl+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-59036-020-6&rft.aulast=Ostopowich&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmbci90tNtMC%26q%3DGreenpeace%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Weyler, Rex (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenpeacehowgro00weyl">Greenpeace: How a Group of Ecologists, Journalists and Visionaries Changed the World</a>, Rodale <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1594861064" title="Special:BookSources/1594861064">1594861064</a></li> <li>Mulvaney, Kieran; Warford, Mark (1996): Witness: Twenty-Five Years on the Environmental Front Line, Andre Deutsch.</li> <li>Zelko, Frank (2013): Make it a Green Peace. The Rise of Countercultural Environmentalism (Oxford University Press) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-994708-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-994708-9">978-0-19-994708-9</a>, book review: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-22483?title=where-did-environmentalism-come-from">Jan-Henrik Meyer (2016): Where did Environmentalism come from</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808084435/http://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-22483?title=where-did-environmentalism-come-from">Archived</a> 8 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Zelko, Frank (2017): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/51890">Scaling Greenpeace: From Local Activism to Global Governance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180425183110/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/51890">Archived</a> 25 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in: Historical Social Research 42 (2), 318–342.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlam2022" class="citation book cs1">Alam, Meredian (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_160-1">"The Emergence of Greenpeace as a Global Eco-Advocate"</a>. The Palgrave Handbook of Global Sustainability. Cham: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 1–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-38948-2_160-1">10.1007/978-3-030-38948-2_160-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-38948-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-38948-2"><bdi>978-3-030-38948-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+Greenpeace+as+a+Global+Eco-Advocate&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Global+Sustainability&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=1-14&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-38948-2_160-1&rft.isbn=978-3-030-38948-2&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Meredian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-38948-2_160-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreenpeace" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenpeace&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Jim_Bohlen" title="Jim Bohlen">Jim Bohlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_E._Jackson" title="Will E. Jackson">Will E. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McTaggart" title="David McTaggart">David McTaggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(journalist)" title="Robert Hunter (journalist)">Robert Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moore_(consultant)" title="Patrick Moore (consultant)">Patrick Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Soria" title="Oscar Soria">Oscar Soria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sauven" title="John Sauven">John Sauven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Stirling" title="Andy Stirling">Andy Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Tindale" title="Stephen Tindale">Stephen Tindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_McSorley" title="Jean McSorley">Jean McSorley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Stowe" title="Dorothy Stowe">Dorothy Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Willcox" title="Peter Willcox">Peter Willcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pereira" title="Fernando Pereira">Fernando Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Beltr%C3%A1" title="Daniel Beltrá">Daniel Beltrá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Delaney" title="Dennis Delaney">Dennis Delaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Hernandez" title="Von Hernandez">Von Hernandez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Cormack" title="Phyllis Cormack">Phyllis Cormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1955)">Rainbow Warrior (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1957)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1957)">Rainbow Warrior (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(2011)" title="Rainbow Warrior (2011)">Rainbow Warrior (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Esperanza" title="MV Esperanza">Esperanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Arctic_Sunrise" title="MV Arctic Sunrise">Arctic Sunrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Sirius" title="MV Sirius">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Solo" title="MV Solo">Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Greenpeace" title="MV Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Gondwana" title="MV Gondwana">Gondwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Thing" title="Yellow Thing">Yellow Thing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fri_(yacht)" title="Fri (yacht)">Fri (yacht)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand">Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_Australia_Pacific" title="Greenpeace Australia Pacific">Greenpeace Australia Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_East_Asia" title="Greenpeace East Asia">Greenpeace East Asia</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament_(NZ)" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (NZ)">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (NZ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Unearthed_(publication)" title="Unearthed (publication)">Unearthed</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule_(ketch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Rule (ketch)">Golden Rule (ketch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpeace_%E2%80%93_The_Album" title="Greenpeace – The Album">Greenpeace – The Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior" title="Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior">Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_Case" title="Rainbow Warrior Case">Rainbow Warrior Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Change_the_World_(film)" title="How to Change the World (film)">How to Change the World (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rainbow_Warrior_Conspiracy" title="The Rainbow Warrior Conspiracy">The Rainbow Warrior Conspiracy (miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rainbow_Warrior_(film)" title="The Rainbow Warrior (film)">The Rainbow Warrior (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mister_Splashy_Pants" title="Mister Splashy Pants">Mister Splashy Pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Eye_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Eye Award">Public Eye Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Park_Base" title="World Park Base">World Park Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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<li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society" title="Bombay Natural History Society">Bombay Natural History Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell_Wildlife_Conservation_Trust" title="Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust">Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_Nature_Conservation" title="Federal Agency for Nature Conservation">Federal Agency for Nature Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Zoological_Society" title="Frankfurt Zoological Society">Frankfurt Zoological Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_and_Flora_International" title="Fauna and Flora International">Fauna and Flora International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_Earth" title="Friends of the Earth">Friends of the Earth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenpeace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Nature_Society" title="Malaysian Nature Society">Malaysian Nature Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Federation" title="National Wildlife Federation">National Wildlife Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="National Audubon Society">National Audubon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Conservation_Society" title="Marine Conservation Society">Marine Conservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_Conservancy" title="The Nature Conservancy">The Nature Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthera_Corporation" title="Panthera Corporation">Panthera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society_operations" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society operations">Sea Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservation_Fund" title="The Conservation Fund">The Conservation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservation_Volunteers" title="The Conservation Volunteers">The Conservation Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Conservation_Network" title="Wildlife Conservation Network">Wildlife Conservation Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Conservation_Society" title="Wildlife Conservation Society">Wildlife Conservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_London" title="Zoological Society of London">Zoological Society of London</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pennytown_Ponds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_228152.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pennytown_Ponds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_228152.jpg/140px-Pennytown_Ponds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_228152.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pennytown_Ponds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_228152.jpg/210px-Pennytown_Ponds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_228152.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pennytown_Ponds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_228152.jpg/280px-Pennytown_Ponds_-_geograph.org.uk_-_228152.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="423" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community-based_conservation" title="Community-based conservation">Community-based conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation community">Conservation community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_conservation" title="Nature conservation">Nature conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">Marine conservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation_activism" title="Marine conservation activism">activism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">Protected area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_protected_area" title="Marine protected area">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_by_30" title="30 by 30">30 by 30</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration ecology">Restoration ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_conservation" title="Wildlife conservation">Wildlife conservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_organizations" title="List of environmental organizations">List of environmental organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_conservation_articles" title="Index of conservation articles">Index of conservation articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conservation_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservation issues">List of conservation issues</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_conservation" title="Category:Nature conservation">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anti-nuclear_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Template:Anti-nuclear movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Template talk:Anti-nuclear movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-nuclear movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-nuclear_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protests and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_organizations" title="Anti-nuclear organizations">Anti-nuclear organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti%E2%80%93nuclear_power_groups" title="List of anti–nuclear power groups">Anti-nuclear power groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_protests" title="Anti-nuclear protests">Anti-nuclear protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenpeace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Lawyers_against_Nuclear_Arms" title="International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms">International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_against_Nuclear_Tests" title="International Day against Nuclear Tests">International Day against Nuclear Tests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_for_Peace" title="Mayors for Peace">Mayors for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Information_and_Resource_Service" title="Nuclear Information and Resource Service">Nuclear Information and Resource Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Desert_Experience" title="Nevada Desert Experience">Nevada Desert Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Action#Nuclear_Weapons_Freeze_Campaign" title="Peace Action">Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Action" title="Peace Action">Peace Action and SANE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Social_Responsibility" title="Physicians for Social Responsibility">Physicians for Social Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembina_Institute" title="Pembina Institute">Pembina Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortir_du_nucl%C3%A9aire_(France)" title="Sortir du nucléaire (France)">Sortir du nucléaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Uranium_Hearing" title="World Uranium Hearing">World Uranium Hearing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Australia" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Austria" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Canada" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_France" title="Anti-nuclear movement in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Germany" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India#Anti-nuclear_protests" title="Nuclear power in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_power_movement_in_Japan" title="Anti-nuclear power movement in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Kazakhstan" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nuclear-free_zone" title="New Zealand nuclear-free zone">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_the_Philippines" title="Anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Russia" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberg_Alert" title="Koeberg Alert">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_South_Korea" title="Anti-nuclear movement in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Spain" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Switzerland" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Taiwan#Post-Fukushima" title="Nuclear power in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_chain_against_nuclear_plant_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Human chain against nuclear plant in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-nuclear movement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-nuclear movement in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadatoshi_Akiba" title="Tadatoshi Akiba">Tadatoshi Akiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Berrigan" title="Daniel Berrigan">Daniel Berrigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bigelow" title="Albert Bigelow">Albert Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Caldicott" title="Helen Caldicott">Helen Caldicott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Cousins" title="Norman Cousins">Norman Cousins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Edwards_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Edwards (scientist)">Gordon Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Forsberg" title="Randall Forsberg">Randall Forsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gofman" title="John Gofman">John Gofman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Green_(activist)" title="Jim Green (activist)">Jim Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gunter" title="Paul Gunter">Paul Gunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobuto_Hosaka" title="Nobuto Hosaka">Nobuto Hosaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Hudson" title="Jackie Hudson">Jackie Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Hudson_(activist)" title="Kate Hudson (activist)">Kate Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Kopreitan" title="Ole Kopreitan">Ole Kopreitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amory_Lovins" title="Amory Lovins">Amory Lovins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lown" title="Bernard Lown">Bernard Lown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucas" title="Caroline Lucas">Caroline Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freda_Meissner-Blau" title="Freda Meissner-Blau">Freda Meissner-Blau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Minor" title="Gregory Minor">Gregory Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pentz" title="Mike Pentz">Mike Pentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">C. F. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Roche" title="Adi Roche">Adi Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Scheer" title="Jens Scheer">Jens Scheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Schell" title="Jonathan Schell">Jonathan Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Weeramantry" title="Christopher Weeramantry">Christopher Weeramantry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_nuclear_issues" title="List of books about nuclear issues">Books about nuclear issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_nuclear_issues" title="List of films about nuclear issues">Films about nuclear issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nuclear_holocaust_fiction" title="List of nuclear holocaust fiction">Nuclear holocaust fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_in_popular_culture" title="Nuclear weapons in popular culture">Nuclear weapons in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Songs_about_nuclear_war_and_weapons" title="Category:Songs about nuclear war and weapons">Songs about nuclear war and weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretariat_19" title="Defence Secretariat 19">Defence Secretariat 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="France and weapons of mass destruction">France and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_Manifesto" title="Göttingen Manifesto">Göttingen Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_anti-nuclear_movement" title="History of the anti-nuclear movement">History of the anti-nuclear movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_opinion_on_the_Legality_of_the_Threat_or_Use_of_Nuclear_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Advisory opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons">Advisory opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nuclear_disasters_and_radioactive_incidents" title="Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents">Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainau_Declaration" title="Mainau Declaration">Mainau Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-Free_Future_Award" title="Nuclear-Free Future Award">Nuclear-Free Future Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-free_zone" title="Nuclear-free zone">Nuclear-free zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_debate" title="Nuclear power debate">Nuclear power debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_phase-out" title="Nuclear power phase-out">Nuclear power phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_convention" title="Nuclear weapons convention">Nuclear weapons convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_debate" title="Nuclear weapons debate">Nuclear weapons debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">Peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn_Peace_Medal" title="Otto Hahn Peace Medal">Otto Hahn Peace Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_camp" title="Peace camp">Peace camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell%E2%80%93Einstein_Manifesto" title="Russell–Einstein Manifesto">Russell–Einstein Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Sun" title="Smiling Sun">Smiling Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bomb_(film)" title="The Bomb (film)">The Bomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Category:Anti-nuclear movement">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_based_in_Metro_Vancouver" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Companies_based_in_Metro_Vancouver" title="Template:Companies based in Metro Vancouver"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Companies_based_in_Metro_Vancouver" title="Template talk:Companies based in Metro Vancouver"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Companies_based_in_Metro_Vancouver" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Companies based in Metro Vancouver"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_based_in_Metro_Vancouver" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies based in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Vancouver_Regional_District" title="Metro Vancouver Regional District">Metro Vancouver</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/49th_Parallel_Coffee_Roasters" title="49th Parallel Coffee Roasters">49th Parallel Coffee Roasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/604_Records" title="604 Records">604 Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%26W_(Canada)" title="A&W (Canada)">A&W Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbCellera" title="AbCellera">AbCellera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Cyclotron_Systems" title="Advanced Cyclotron Systems">Advanced Cyclotron Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alterra_Power" title="Alterra Power">Alterra Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcana_Studio" title="Arcana Studio">Arcana Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigilon" title="Avigilon">Avigilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aritzia" title="Aritzia">Aritzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballard_Power_Systems" title="Ballard Power Systems">Ballard Power Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Liquor_Distribution_Branch" title="BC Liquor Distribution Branch">BC Liquor Distribution Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenz_Coffee" title="Blenz Coffee">Blenz Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueShore_Financial" title="BlueShore Financial">BlueShore Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Pizza" title="Boston Pizza">Boston Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightlight_Pictures" title="Brightlight Pictures">Brightlight Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Maritime_Employers%27_Association" title="British Columbia Maritime Employers' Association">British Columbia Maritime Employers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BroadbandTV_Corp" title="BroadbandTV Corp">BroadbandTV Corp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactus_Club_Cafe" title="Cactus Club Cafe">Cactus Club Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Wide_Media" title="Canada Wide Media">Canada Wide Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canfor" title="Canfor">Canfor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canucks_Sports_%26_Entertainment" title="Canucks Sports & Entertainment">Canucks Sports & Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_City_Brewers_%26_Distillers" title="Central City Brewers & Distillers">Central City Brewers & Distillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHC_Helicopter" title="CHC Helicopter">CHC Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choices_Markets" title="Choices Markets">Choices Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cityfone" title="Cityfone">Cityfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearly" title="Clearly">Clearly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio_(software_company)" title="Clio (software company)">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Capital_Savings" title="Coast Capital Savings">Coast Capital Savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Mountain_Bus_Company" title="Coast Mountain Bus Company">Coast Mountain Bus Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Energy" title="Creative Energy">Creative Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosslight_Software" title="Crosslight Software">Crosslight Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTBC_Bank#Canadian_subsidiary" title="CTBC Bank">CTBC Bank Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymax_Group" title="Cymax Group">Cymax Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairyland_Canada" title="Dairyland Canada">Dairyland Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daiya" title="Daiya">Daiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan-D_Foods" title="Dan-D Foods">Dan-D Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_Tree#Canada" title="Dollar Tree">Dollar Tree Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Wave_Systems" title="D-Wave Systems">D-Wave Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Comm" title="E-Comm">E-Comm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA_Vancouver" title="EA Vancouver">EA Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebco_Industries" title="Ebco Industries">Ebco Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Gold" title="Eldorado Gold">Eldorado Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encorp_Pacific" title="Encorp Pacific">Encorp Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envision_Financial" title="Envision Financial">Envision Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Group" title="Fairchild Group">Fairchild Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finning" title="Finning">Finning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Quantum_Minerals" title="First Quantum Minerals">First Quantum Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FortisBC" title="FortisBC">FortisBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshlocal_Solutions" title="Freshlocal Solutions">Freshlocal Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshslice_Pizza" title="Freshslice Pizza">Freshslice Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galvanize_(software_company)" title="Galvanize (software company)">Galvanize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_%26_Fraser" title="Gulf & Fraser">Gulf & Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardein" title="Gardein">Gardein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Casinos" title="Gateway Casinos">Gateway Casinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Fusion" title="General Fusion">General Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glentel" title="Glentel">Glentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldcorp" title="Goldcorp">Goldcorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Way_Campus" title="Great Northern Way Campus">Great Northern Way Campus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greenpeace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Planet" title="Happy Planet">Happy Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_Air_Seaplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour Air Seaplanes">Harbour Air Seaplanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heffel_Gallery" title="Heffel Gallery">Heffel Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellbent_Games" title="Hellbent Games">Hellbent Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hootsuite" title="Hootsuite">Hootsuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_Employees%27_Union" title="Hospital Employees' Union">Hospital Employees' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hothead_Games" title="Hothead Games">Hothead Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insights_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Insights West">Insights West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrawest" title="Intrawest">Intrawest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironclad_Games" title="Ironclad Games">Ironclad Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanhoe_Mines" title="Ivanhoe Mines">Ivanhoe Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JJ_Bean" title="JJ Bean">JJ Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Pattison_Group" title="Jim Pattison Group">Jim Pattison Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justason_Market_Intelligence" title="Justason Market Intelligence">Justason Market Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_Productions" title="Kerberos Productions">Kerberos Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin%27s_Farm_Market" title="Kin's Farm Market">Kin's Farm Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klei_Entertainment" title="Klei Entertainment">Klei Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Drugs" title="London Drugs">London Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon Athletica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lush_(cosmetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lush (cosmetics)">Lush North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Realty" title="Macdonald Realty">Macdonald Realty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_Group_of_Companies" title="McLean Group of Companies">McLean Group of Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanex" title="Methanex">Methanex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetroLyrics" title="MetroLyrics">MetroLyrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modo_(car_co-op)" title="Modo (car co-op)">Modo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Equipment_Company" title="Mountain Equipment Company">Mountain Equipment Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Path" title="Nature's Path">Nature's Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettwerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nettwerk">Nettwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Level_Games" title="Next Level Games">Next Level Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-800-GOT-JUNK%3F" title="1-800-GOT-JUNK?">O2E Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Productions" title="Ocean Productions">Ocean Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Blue_Cross" title="Pacific Blue Cross">Pacific Blue Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panago" title="Panago">Panago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_49_Brewing_Company" title="Parallel 49 Brewing Company">Parallel 49 Brewing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranha_Games" title="Piranha Games">Piranha Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POF_(dating_website)" class="mw-redirect" title="POF (dating website)">PlentyofFish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_Brands_Holdings_Corporation" title="Premium Brands Holdings Corporation">Premium Brands Holdings Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospera_Credit_Union" title="Prospera Credit Union">Prospera Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QX_Metals" title="QX Metals">QX Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relic_Entertainment" title="Relic Entertainment">Relic Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky%27s_All_Day_Grill" title="Ricky's All Day Grill">Ricky's All Day Grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Bros._Auctioneers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers">Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Brewing_Company" title="Russell Brewing Company">Russell Brewing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstorm_Gold" title="Sandstorm Gold">Sandstorm Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavick_Entertainment" title="Shavick Entertainment">Shavick Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Wireless" title="Sierra Wireless">Sierra Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkyBox_Labs" title="SkyBox Labs">SkyBox Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftQuad_Software" title="SoftQuad Software">SoftQuad Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_Systems" title="Squirrel Systems">Squirrel Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSR_Mining_Inc." title="SSR Mining Inc.">SSR Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamworks_Brewing_Company" title="Steamworks Brewing Company">Steamworks Brewing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_Entertainment" title="Synthetic Entertainment">Synthetic Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%26T_Supermarket" title="T&T Supermarket">T&T Supermarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teck_Resources" title="Teck Resources">Teck Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telus" title="Telus">Telus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teradici" title="Teradici">Teradici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univar_Canada" title="Univar Canada">Univar Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancity" title="Vancity">Vancity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Film_Studios" title="Vancouver Film Studios">Vancouver Film Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Orphan_Kitten_Rescue_Association" title="Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association">Vancouver Orphan Kitten Rescue Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vantage_Airport_Group" title="Vantage Airport Group">Vantage Airport Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(company)" title="Vega (company)">Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VersaCold" title="VersaCold">VersaCold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Fraser_Timber" title="West Fraser Timber">West Fraser Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_Precious_Metals" title="Wheaton Precious Metals">Wheaton Precious Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Spot" title="White Spot">White Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Records" title="Zulu Records">Zulu Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_BC" title="Air BC">Air BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard%27s_Express" title="Barnard's Express">Barnard's Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Tel" title="BC Tel">BC Tel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Resources_Investment_Corporation" title="British Columbia Resources Investment Corporation">British Columbia Resources Investment Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capcom_Vancouver" title="Capcom Vancouver">Capcom Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalena_Productions" title="Catalena Productions">Catalena Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinctive_Software" title="Distinctive Software">Distinctive Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA_Black_Box" title="EA Black Box">EA Black Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley,_Welch_and_Stewart" title="Foley, Welch and Stewart">Foley, Welch and Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Shop" title="Future Shop">Future Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslamp_Games" title="Gaslamp Games">Gaslamp Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarbourLynx" title="HarbourLynx">HarbourLynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Mill" title="Hastings Mill">Hastings Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkair" title="Hawkair">Hawkair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Express_Air" title="Island Express Air">Island Express Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacMillan_Bloedel" title="MacMillan Bloedel">MacMillan Bloedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Messaging" title="Mozilla Messaging">Mozilla Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCIX" title="NCIX">NCIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Western_Airlines" title="Pacific Western Airlines">Pacific Western Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pas_Lumber_Company" title="The Pas Lumber Company">The Pas Lumber Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Canada" title="Pixar Canada">Pixar Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Games" title="Propaganda Games">Propaganda Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Entertainment" title="Radical Entertainment">Radical Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recon_Instruments" title="Recon Instruments">Recon Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Vancouver" title="Rockstar Vancouver">Rockstar Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slant_Six_Games" title="Slant Six Games">Slant Six Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Games" title="United Front Games">United Front Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Air" title="West Coast Air">West Coast Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81307#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110868215">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123227460">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/792145857923723020151">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2070367-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85273073">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124362013">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124362013">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00279292">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35097650">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20061128022&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX164135">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97015516">Norway</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90373730">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000199804&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000566767&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000067293">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8clj9g2j6cjjq">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810609411505606">Poland</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810651085005606">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007458937505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000000642">Finland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02006278?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500352356">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/8bc0359d-157a-4c9e-96bd-dd403d2b2066">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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