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<!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head profile="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> <meta name="Author" content="Donald Sturgeon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, target-densitydpi=device-dpi, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <meta name="created" content="Sat, 04 Feb 2023 12:30:07 GMT" /> <meta name="if" content="en" /> <meta name="remap" content="" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://ctext.org/xml-rpc.pl" /> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <title>Chinese Text Project Dictionary</title> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@chinesetextproj" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Chinese Text Project Dictionary" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ctext.org/static/twitterbanner.png"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://ctext.org/static/facebookbanner.png"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="598074208"/> <link href="//ctext.org/static/text12.css" rel="stylesheet" title="" type="text/css" />  <link href="//ctext.org/static/compact4.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Compact" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en" rel="canonical" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/static/apple-touch-icon.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/static/apple-touch-icon-72.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/static/apple-touch-icon-114.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" /> <link href="//api.ctext.org/" rel="dns-prefetch" /> <link href="//library.ctext.org/" rel="dns-prefetch" /> <link href="//dimage.ctext.org/" rel="dns-prefetch" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=gb&remap=gb" rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=gb" rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en" rel="alternate" hreflang="en" /> <link href="https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&remap=gb" rel="alternate" hreflang="en-Hans" /> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" async src="//ctext.org/static/text19.js" onload="setuppage"></script> <script type="text/javascript" >if (top.location != self.location) { top.location = self.location; 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var y=document.getElementById("filtervalue"); y.value = topicid; x.submit(); } </script> <div id="logininfo"> <a href="account.pl?if=en&return=%2Fdictionary%2Epl%3Fif%3Den" rel="nofollow">Log in</a></div> </div> <div id="content"><div style="float: right"></div><div class="noprint opt" style="height: 47px; margin: 5px; float: right; text-align: right;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Chinese-Text-Project/112118272147647" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/facebook.gif" border="0" width="44" height="44" alt="Follow us on Facebook to receive important updates" title="Follow us on Facebook to receive important updates" /></a> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/chinesetextproj" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/twitter.gif" width="45" height="44" border="0" alt="Follow us on Twitter to receive important updates" title="Follow us on Twitter to receive important updates" /></a> <a href="http://weibo.com/ctext" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/xinlang.gif" border="0" width="44" height="44" alt="Follow us on sina.com's microblogging site to receive important updates" title="Follow us on sina.com's microblogging site to receive important updates" /></a> <a href="https://site.douban.com/137325/" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/douban.png" border="0" width="44" height="44" alt="Follow us on Douban to receive important updates" title="Follow us on Douban to receive important updates" /></a></div> <table id="titleline" border="0"> <tr><td valign="top"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="https://ctext.org/" class="sprite-logo" title="Chinese Text Project" >Chinese Text Project<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td> <td valign="middle"><font size="+3">Chinese Text Project</font></td> </tr> </table> <h2>Character lookup</h2><p>Enter one or more Chinese characters in the box below and click "search".</p><form method="get" action="dictionary.pl"> <input type="hidden" name="if" value="en" /> <input type="text" name="char" size="20" value="" class="searchbox" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </form> <p>To locate a character composed of two components, enter the components separated by "+" - e.g. 火+萬 will locate 燤.</p><br /><h2>Pronunciation lookup</h2><p>Enter the reading of a single character (and the format entered) and click "search". Please note that you must include the tone of the character (e.g. "pin1" or "pīn").</p><form method="get" action="dictionary.pl"> <input type="hidden" name="if" value="en" /> <input type="text" name="reading" size="10" value="" class="searchbox" /> <select name="method"><option value="pinyin">Pinyin</option><option value="zhuyin">Zhuyin</option><option value="wadegiles">Wade-Giles</option><option value="gwoyeu">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</option><option value="mps2">MPS II</option><option value="yale">Yale</option><option value="tongyong">Tongyong</option></select> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </form><br /> <h2>Radical lookup</h2><p>Click on the radical of the character you wish to search for below.</p><table><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">1 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=1" class="noul">一</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=2" class="noul">丨</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=3" class="noul">丶</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=4" class="noul">丿</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=5" class="noul">乙</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=6" class="noul">亅</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">2 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=7" class="noul">二</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=8" class="noul">亠</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=9" class="noul">人</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=10" class="noul">儿</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=11" class="noul">入</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=12" class="noul">八</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=13" class="noul">冂</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=14" class="noul">冖</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=15" class="noul">冫</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=16" class="noul">几</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=17" class="noul">凵</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=18" class="noul">刀</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=19" class="noul">力</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=20" class="noul">勹</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=21" class="noul">匕</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=22" class="noul">匚</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=23" class="noul">匸</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=24" class="noul">十</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=25" class="noul">卜</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=26" class="noul">卩</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=27" class="noul">厂</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=28" class="noul">厶</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=29" class="noul">又</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">3 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=30" class="noul">口</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=31" class="noul">囗</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=32" class="noul">土</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=33" class="noul">士</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=34" class="noul">夂</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=35" class="noul">夊</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=36" class="noul">夕</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=37" class="noul">大</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=38" class="noul">女</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=39" class="noul">子</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=40" class="noul">宀</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=41" class="noul">寸</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=42" class="noul">小</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=43" class="noul">尢</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=44" class="noul">尸</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=45" class="noul">屮</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=46" class="noul">山</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=47" class="noul">巛</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=48" class="noul">工</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=49" class="noul">己</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=50" class="noul">巾</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=51" class="noul">干</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=52" class="noul">幺</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=53" class="noul">广</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=54" class="noul">廴</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=55" class="noul">廾</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=56" class="noul">弋</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=57" class="noul">弓</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=58" class="noul">彐</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=59" class="noul">彡</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=60" class="noul">彳</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">4 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=61" class="noul">心</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=62" class="noul">戈</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=63" class="noul">戶</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=64" class="noul">手</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=65" class="noul">支</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=66" class="noul">攴</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=67" class="noul">文</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=68" class="noul">斗</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=69" class="noul">斤</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=70" class="noul">方</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=71" class="noul">无</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=72" class="noul">日</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=73" class="noul">曰</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=74" class="noul">月</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=75" class="noul">木</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=76" class="noul">欠</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=77" class="noul">止</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=78" class="noul">歹</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=79" class="noul">殳</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=80" class="noul">毋</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=81" class="noul">比</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=82" class="noul">毛</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=83" class="noul">氏</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=84" class="noul">气</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=85" class="noul">水</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=86" class="noul">火</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=87" class="noul">爪</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=88" class="noul">父</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=89" class="noul">爻</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=90" class="noul">爿</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=91" class="noul">片</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=92" class="noul">牙</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=93" class="noul">牛</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=94" class="noul">犬</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">5 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=95" class="noul">玄</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=96" class="noul">玉</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=97" class="noul">瓜</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=98" class="noul">瓦</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=99" class="noul">甘</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=100" class="noul">生</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=101" class="noul">用</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=102" class="noul">田</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=103" class="noul">疋</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=104" class="noul">疒</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=105" class="noul">癶</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=106" class="noul">白</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=107" class="noul">皮</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=108" class="noul">皿</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=109" class="noul">目</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=110" class="noul">矛</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=111" class="noul">矢</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=112" class="noul">石</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=113" class="noul">示</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=114" class="noul">禸</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=115" class="noul">禾</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=116" class="noul">穴</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=117" class="noul">立</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">6 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=118" class="noul">竹</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=119" class="noul">米</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=120" class="noul">糸</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=121" class="noul">缶</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=122" class="noul">网</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=123" class="noul">羊</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=124" class="noul">羽</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=125" class="noul">老</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=126" class="noul">而</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=127" class="noul">耒</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=128" class="noul">耳</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=129" class="noul">聿</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=130" class="noul">肉</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=131" class="noul">臣</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=132" class="noul">自</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=133" class="noul">至</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=134" class="noul">臼</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=135" class="noul">舌</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=136" class="noul">舛</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=137" class="noul">舟</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=138" class="noul">艮</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=139" class="noul">色</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=140" class="noul">艸</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=141" class="noul">虍</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=142" class="noul">虫</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=143" class="noul">血</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=144" class="noul">行</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=145" class="noul">衣</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=146" class="noul">襾</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">7 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=147" class="noul">見</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=148" class="noul">角</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=149" class="noul">言</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=150" class="noul">谷</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=151" class="noul">豆</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=152" class="noul">豕</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=153" class="noul">豸</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=154" class="noul">貝</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=155" class="noul">赤</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=156" class="noul">走</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=157" class="noul">足</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=158" class="noul">身</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=159" class="noul">車</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=160" class="noul">辛</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=161" class="noul">辰</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=162" class="noul">辵</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=163" class="noul">邑</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=164" class="noul">酉</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=165" class="noul">釆</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=166" class="noul">里</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">8 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=167" class="noul">金</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=168" class="noul">長</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=169" class="noul">門</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=170" class="noul">阜</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=171" class="noul">隶</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=172" class="noul">隹</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=173" class="noul">雨</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=174" class="noul">靑</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=175" class="noul">非</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">9 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=176" class="noul">面</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=177" class="noul">革</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=178" class="noul">韋</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=179" class="noul">韭</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=180" class="noul">音</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=181" class="noul">頁</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=182" class="noul">風</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=183" class="noul">飛</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=184" class="noul">食</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=185" class="noul">首</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=186" class="noul">香</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">10 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=187" class="noul">馬</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=188" class="noul">骨</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=189" class="noul">高</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=190" class="noul">髟</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=191" class="noul">鬥</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=192" class="noul">鬯</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=193" class="noul">鬲</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=194" class="noul">鬼</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">11 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=195" class="noul">魚</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=196" class="noul">鳥</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=197" class="noul">鹵</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=198" class="noul">鹿</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=199" class="noul">麥</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=200" class="noul">麻</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">12 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=201" class="noul">黃</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=202" class="noul">黍</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=203" class="noul">黑</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=204" class="noul">黹</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">13 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=205" class="noul">黽</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=206" class="noul">鼎</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=207" class="noul">鼓</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=208" class="noul">鼠</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">14 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=209" class="noul">鼻</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=210" class="noul">齊</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">15 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=211" class="noul">齒</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">16 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=212" class="noul">龍</a> <a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=213" class="noul">龜</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">17 strokes: </th><td style="font-size: 18px;"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&rad=214" class="noul">龠</a> </td></tr></table><br /><h2>Reference</h2><p><a href="dynasty.pl?if=en">Rulers of the states</a> - lists of names and approximate reign dates for rulers of the various pre-Qin states, cross-linked to their ocurrences in the textual database.</p>  <hr /><table border="0"><tr><td class="etext"><b>Enjoy<span class="opt"> this site</span>? <a href="help-us">Please help</a>.</b></td><td class="etext"><i>Site design and 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