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Rebellion movement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_important_figures_of_the_L.A._Rebellion_movement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of important figures of the L.A. Rebellion movement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_important_figures_of_the_L.A._Rebellion_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filmmakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmmakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Filmmakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmmakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Actors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_notable_L.A._Rebellion_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_notable_L.A._Rebellion_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of notable L.A. Rebellion films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_notable_L.A._Rebellion_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Influence and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">L.A. 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 Los Angeles riots</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">L.A. Rebellion</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1967–1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major figures</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Clark_(filmmaker)" title="Larry Clark (filmmaker)">Larry Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Dash" title="Julie Dash">Julie Dash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeinabu_Irene_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeinabu Irene Davis">Zeinabu Irene Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaa_Fanaka" title="Jamaa Fanaka">Jamaa Fanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haile_Gerima" title="Haile Gerima">Haile Gerima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alile_Sharon_Larkin" title="Alile Sharon Larkin">Alile Sharon Larkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Woodberry" title="Billy Woodberry">Billy Woodberry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">African cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuban cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin American cinema</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>L.A. Rebellion</b> film movement, sometimes referred to as the "<b>Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers</b>", or the <b>UCLA Rebellion</b>, refers to the new generation of young <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> filmmakers who studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> Film School in the late-1960s to the late-1980s and have created a <a href="/wiki/African_American_cinema" title="African American cinema">black cinema</a> that provides an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">classical Hollywood cinema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UCLA-LAR_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA-LAR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Washington-Post_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington-Post-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FilmRef_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FilmRef-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LAWeekly-6Oct2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAWeekly-6Oct2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1953, <a href="/wiki/Ike_Jones" title="Ike Jones">Ike Jones</a> became the first African American to graduate from the UCLA Film School.<sup id="cite_ref-Jet-16Oct1952_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-16Oct1952-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next 15 years, the numbers of African-American filmmakers remained small. One of those was <a href="/wiki/Vantile_Whitfield" title="Vantile Whitfield">Vantile Whitfield</a>, who founded the Performing Arts Society of Los Angeles in 1964<sup id="cite_ref-communityarts_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-communityarts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and received a master's degree at UCLA in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Post-Obit_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post-Obit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1960s, in the midst of <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a>, the number of black students steadily increased. Among this new crop of artists were <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a>, an engineering student who had attended <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_College" title="Los Angeles City College">Los Angeles City College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haile_Gerima" title="Haile Gerima">Haile Gerima</a>, an Ethiopian filmmaker who had recently moved from Chicago. Unlike their predecessors, they eschewed Hollywood conventions and were influenced by films from Latin America, <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealism</a>, European art films, and the emerging <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">cinema of Africa</a>. They were among the first of what became known as the "Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers."<sup id="cite_ref-Washington-Post_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington-Post-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Images_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Images-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Watts_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Watts Riots">Watts Riots</a> and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">social unrest</a>, such as a 1969 shoot-out on the UCLA campus involving <a href="/wiki/Ron_Karenga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Karenga">Ron Karenga</a>'s US Organization, Burnett and several other students of color helped push the university to start an <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">ethnographic</a> studies program.<sup id="cite_ref-LAWeekly-6Oct2011_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAWeekly-6Oct2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elyseo J. Taylor, who was the only Black instructor at the UCLA Film School in the early 1970s, was an influential instructor in that program.<sup id="cite_ref-LAR-Elyseo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAR-Elyseo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Teshome_Gabriel" title="Teshome Gabriel">Teshome Gabriel</a>, a film scholar and historian, began teaching at UCLA in 1974 and became both a colleague and mentor to many filmmakers associated with the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Gabriel-Obit_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabriel-Obit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identification_of_movement">Identification of movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Identification of movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Film scholar <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Taylor" title="Clyde Taylor">Clyde Taylor</a> coined the term "L.A. Rebellion" to describe the filmmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the spring of 1997, Doc Films, a student-run film society based at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, hosted one of the first retrospectives of L.A. Rebellion films. <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Stewart" title="Jacqueline Stewart">Jacqueline Stewart</a>, an associate professor at the university, helped coordinate the program. This series included works by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haile_Gerima" title="Haile Gerima">Haile Gerima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Dash" title="Julie Dash">Julie Dash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Doc-LAR_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doc-LAR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Fall 2011, UCLA Film and Television Archive programmed a major retrospective of these films entitled, "L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema." The series was funded by the Getty Foundation as a part of <i>Pacific Standard Time: Art in L.A. 1945-1980</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCLA-LAR_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA-LAR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LAWeekly-6Oct2011_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAWeekly-6Oct2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preceding the program, the UCLA curatorial team conducted oral histories, identifying nearly fifty filmmakers, many of whom had remained invisible for decades. Papers and films by the filmmakers were collected and numerous films were preserved before screening. A catalog was also published, "L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema (Los Angeles, 2011), which accompanied the touring program through more than fifteen cities in North America and Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_important_figures_of_the_L.A._Rebellion_movement">List of important figures of the L.A. Rebellion movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of important figures of the L.A. Rebellion movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmmakers">Filmmakers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Filmmakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the filmmakers listed below, while primarily known as writer/directors, worked in multiple capacities on various film productions through their early careers. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Abel-Bey" title="Gay Abel-Bey">Gay Abel-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_W._Addison" title="Anita W. Addison">Anita W. Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirikiana_Aina" title="Shirikiana Aina">Shirikiana Aina</a></li> <li>Don Amis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvonna_Ballenger" title="Melvonna Ballenger">Melvonna Ballenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Torriano_Berry" title="S. Torriano Berry">S. Torriano Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Parrott_Blue" title="Carroll Parrott Blue">Carroll Parrott Blue</a></li> <li>Storme' Bright (Sweet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Caldwell_(filmmaker)" title="Ben Caldwell (filmmaker)">Ben Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Clark_(filmmaker)" title="Larry Clark (filmmaker)">Larry Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Dash" title="Julie Dash">Julie Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeinabu_irene_Davis" title="Zeinabu irene Davis">Zeinabu irene Davis</a></li> <li>Pierre Desir</li> <li>Alicia Dhanifu</li> <li>Omah Diegu (Ijeoma Iloputaife)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamaa_Fanaka" title="Jamaa Fanaka">Jamaa Fanaka</a></li> <li>Jacqueline Frazier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Gerima" title="Haile Gerima">Haile Gerima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alile_Sharon_Larkin" title="Alile Sharon Larkin">Alile Sharon Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McCullough" title="Barbara McCullough">Barbara McCullough</a></li> <li>Bernard Nicolas</li> <li>O.Funmilayo Makarah</li> <li>Thomas Penick</li> <li>Imelda Sheen (Mildred Richard)</li> <li>Monona Wali</li> <li>Grayling Williams</li> <li>Robert Wheaton</li> <li>Iverson White</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Woodberry" title="Billy Woodberry">Billy Woodberry</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actors">Actors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following actors appeared in various L.A. Rebellion films and are to some degree associated with the movement: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Adisa Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell_V._Anderson_III" title="Haskell V. Anderson III">Haskell V. Anderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_O._Jones" title="Barbara O. Jones">Barbara-O</a></li> <li>Charles David Brooks III</li> <li>Angela Burnett</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Nate Hardman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaycee_Moore" title="Kaycee Moore">Kaycee Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sy_Richardson" title="Sy Richardson">Sy Richardson</a></li> <li>Henry G. Sanders</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following have supported the work of L.A. Rebellion filmmakers as mentors and/or scholars: </p> <ul><li>Clyde Taylor, film critic, coined the phrase "L.A. Rebellion" to describe this movement</li> <li>Elyseo J. Taylor, filmmaker and instructor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a><sup id="cite_ref-LAR-Elyseo_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAR-Elyseo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vantile_Whitfield" title="Vantile Whitfield">Vantile Whitfield</a>, an early African-American UCLA Film School graduate and founder of the Performing Arts Society of Los Angeles (PASLA)<sup id="cite_ref-Post-Obit_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post-Obit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teshome_Gabriel" title="Teshome Gabriel">Teshome Gabriel</a>, film scholar and Professor at UCLA<sup id="cite_ref-Gabriel-Obit_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabriel-Obit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ntongela Masilela, film scholar</li> <li>Jacqueline Najuma Stewart, film scholar and Associate Professor at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a></li> <li>Allyson Nadia Field, Associate Professor of Cinema and Media Studies and African American Studies at UCLA</li> <li>Jan-Christopher Horak, Director of the UCLA Film & Television Archive</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_notable_L.A._Rebellion_films">List of notable L.A. Rebellion films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of notable L.A. Rebellion films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a chronological list of <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short</a> and feature-length films from the L.A. Rebellion filmmakers that are generally considered to be seminal or notable. </p> <ul><li><i>Several Friends</i> (1969)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Single Parent Family: Images in Black</i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Sister%27s_Revenge" title="Black Sister's Revenge">Emma Mae</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harvest:_3,000_Years" title="Harvest: 3,000 Years">Harvest: 3,000 Years</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Larry_Clark_(filmmaker)" title="Larry Clark (filmmaker)">Passing Through</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i> (1978)<sup id="cite_ref-mubi.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_Mama" title="Bush Mama">Bush Mama</a></i> (1979)<sup id="cite_ref-mubi.com_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penitentiary_(1979_film)" title="Penitentiary (1979 film)">Penitentiary</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i>Water Ritual #1: An Urban Rite of Purification</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>Your Children Come Back to You</i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashes_and_Embers" title="Ashes and Embers">Ashes and Embers</a></i> (1982)<sup id="cite_ref-mubi.com_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Different_Image" title="A Different Image">A Different Image</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illusions_(1982_film)" title="Illusions (1982 film)">Illusions</a></i> (1982)<sup id="cite_ref-mubi.com_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bless_Their_Little_Hearts" title="Bless Their Little Hearts">Bless Their Little Hearts</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i>Cycles</i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i> (1990)<sup id="cite_ref-mubi.com_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Dust" title="Daughters of the Dust">Daughters of the Dust</a></i> (1991)<sup id="cite_ref-mubi.com_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sankofa_(film)" title="Sankofa (film)">Sankofa</a></i> (1993)<sup id="cite_ref-mubi.com_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Shield" title="The Glass Shield">The Glass Shield</a></i> (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adwa_(film)" title="Adwa (film)">Adwa</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(film)" title="Compensation (film)">Compensation</a></i> (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_legacy">Influence and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Influence and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A documentary, <i>Spirits of Rebellion: Black Cinema at UCLA,</i> features interviews with many filmmakers associated with the movement. Directed by <a href="/wiki/Zeinabu_irene_Davis" title="Zeinabu irene Davis">Zeinabu irene Davis</a>, it was screened as a work-in-progress on Saturday, October 8, 2011 as part of "L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema."<sup id="cite_ref-UCLA-LAR_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA-LAR-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indiewire_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiewire-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L.A. Rebellion films that have been inducted onto the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Killer_of_Sheep" title="Killer of Sheep">Killer of Sheep</a></i> (1990), <i><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Dust" title="Daughters of the Dust">Daughters of the Dust</a></i> (2004), <i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Woodberry" title="Billy Woodberry">Bless Their Little Hearts</a></i> (2013) and <i><a href="/wiki/To_Sleep_with_Anger" title="To Sleep with Anger">To Sleep with Anger</a></i> (2017). </p><p>The L.A. Rebellion has continued to influence on aspects of contemporary Black music across the country. In 2009, popular Brooklyn-born rapper and activist Yasiin Bey, released an album titled, <i>The Ecstatic</i>. The Ecstatic's album cover photo is a still image taken directly from a shot in Charles Burnett's <i>Killer of Sheep</i> but overlain with a purple filter. Mos Def had named <i>Killer of Sheep</i> as one of his favorite films in a <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a> interview.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">African cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuban cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_classic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult classic">Cult classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin American cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/la-rebellion-movie-era/">Movie movements that defined cinema: L.A. Rebellion|Movies|Empire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCLA-LAR-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCLA-LAR_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCLA-LAR_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCLA-LAR_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/events/2011-10-07/la-rebellion-creating-new-black-cinema">"L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema"</a>. Los Angeles, California: UCLA School of Theater, Film & Television<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-02</span></span>. <q>Beginning in the late 1960s, a number of promising African and African-American students entered the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, recruited under a concerted initiative to be more responsive to various communities of color. From that first class through the late 1980s, and continuing well beyond their college days, these filmmakers came to represent the first sustained undertaking to forge an alternative black cinema practice in the United States. Along the way, they created fascinating, provocative and visionary films that have earned an impressive array of awards and accolades at festivals around the world, in addition to blazing new paths into the commercial market.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L.A.+Rebellion%3A+Creating+a+New+Black+Cinema&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=UCLA+School+of+Theater%2C+Film+%26+Television&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinema.ucla.edu%2Fevents%2F2011-10-07%2Fla-rebellion-creating-new-black-cinema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington-Post-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Washington-Post_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Washington-Post_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornaday2007" class="citation news cs1">Hornaday, Ann (2007-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/01/AR2007060100494.html">"From L.A. Hotbed, Black Filmmakers' Creativity Flowered"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-02</span></span>. <q>In 1967, after studying electrical engineering at Los Angeles Community College, Burnett arrived at UCLA to study film. For the next 10 years, UCLA students would develop a fecund, cosmopolitan and politically engaged movement that came to be unofficially known as the Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=From+L.A.+Hotbed%2C+Black+Filmmakers%27+Creativity+Flowered&rft.date=2007-06-03&rft.aulast=Hornaday&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F06%2F01%2FAR2007060100494.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FilmRef-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FilmRef_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Academy-Awards-Crime-Films/African-American-Cinema-THE-L-A-REBELLION.html">"The L.A. Rebellion"</a>. Film Reference<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-02</span></span>. <q>Armed with a knowledge of "traditional" film history now infused with an introduction to the Third Cinema movement and exposure to revolutionary films from Latin America and Africa, these filmmakers took advantage of their "outsider" positioning, reinvigorating the push for a politically driven cinema...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+L.A.+Rebellion&rft.pub=Film+Reference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmreference.com%2Fencyclopedia%2FAcademy-Awards-Crime-Films%2FAfrican-American-Cinema-THE-L-A-REBELLION.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAWeekly-6Oct2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAWeekly-6Oct2011_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAWeekly-6Oct2011_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAWeekly-6Oct2011_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2011" class="citation news cs1">Patterson, John (2011-10-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laweekly.com/2011-10-06/film-tv/l-a-rebellion-creating-a-new-black-cinema/">"L.A. Rebellion:Creating a New Black Cinema"</a>. <i>L.A. Weekly</i>. Los Angeles, California<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-10</span></span>. <q>This collection of the highlights of the legendary but only partially understood African-American film explosion at UCLA in the '70s and early '80s is a priceless work of excavation and restoration, and as an L.A.-specific filmic event it's unlikely to be surpassed in the near future.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L.A.+Weekly&rft.atitle=L.A.+Rebellion%3ACreating+a+New+Black+Cinema&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2F2011-10-06%2Ffilm-tv%2Fl-a-rebellion-creating-a-new-black-cinema%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jet-16Oct1952-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jet-16Oct1952_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1952" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, John H., ed. (October 16, 1952). "Football Player To Pioneer In Hollywood Films". <i>Jet</i>. <b>2</b> (25). Chicago, Illinois: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc.: 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Football+Player+To+Pioneer+In+Hollywood+Films&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=54&rft.date=1952-10-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-communityarts-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-communityarts_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaineBaker1973" class="citation report cs1">Blaine, John; Baker, Decia, eds. (1973). "Neighborhood Arts Centers". Community Arts of Los Angeles (Report). Los Angeles Community Art Alliance. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10139%2F2728">10139/2728</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/912321031">912321031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Community+Arts+of+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Los+Angeles+Community+Art+Alliance&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10139%2F2728&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F912321031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Post-Obit-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Post-Obit_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Post-Obit_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShinhoster_Lamb2005" class="citation news cs1">Shinhoster Lamb, Yvonne (2005-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428160503/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A29685-2005Jan22/">"Arts Administrator, Playwright Vantile Whitfield Dies"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. Washington, DC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A29685-2005Jan22">the original</a> on 2019-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-13</span></span>. <q>He graduated with a bachelor's degree in theater and design from Howard University in 1957 and a master's degree in film production from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1967. In the years between colleges, he started community theaters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Arts+Administrator%2C+Playwright+Vantile+Whitfield+Dies&rft.date=2005-01-23&rft.aulast=Shinhoster+Lamb&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fac2%2Fwp-dyn%2FA29685-2005Jan22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Images-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Images_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue05/features/black.htm">"Black Independent Cinema and the Influence of Neo-Realism"</a>. <i>Images: A Journal of Film and Popular Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-02</span></span>. <q>Most notable of these filmmakers were Charles Burnett, Billy Woodberry, Haile Gerima and Julie Dash. Drawing on their own experiences in the black community and varied political and social discourses of the time including black nationalism, the Civil Rights Movement, the Women's Movement, anti-war rhetoric and Marxist doctrine, these filmmakers sought an aesthetic and mode of representation and narration that spoke to the realities of black existence and the state of the black family under a hegemonic rule of white racism and subordination.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Images%3A+A+Journal+of+Film+and+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=Black+Independent+Cinema+and+the+Influence+of+Neo-Realism&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imagesjournal.com%2Fissue05%2Ffeatures%2Fblack.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAR-Elyseo-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAR-Elyseo_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAR-Elyseo_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/events/2011-11-20/black-art-black-artists-1971-festival-mask-1982-varnettes-world-study-young-artist">"Black Art, Black Artists (1971); Festival of Mask (1982); Varnette's World: A Study of a Young Artist (1979); Trumpetistically, Clora Bryant (1989)"</a>. UCLA Film & Television Archive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-02</span></span>. <q>As the only Black faculty member in UCLA's film school, Elyseo Taylor was an influential teacher and advocate for students of color.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Art%2C+Black+Artists+%281971%29%3B+Festival+of+Mask+%281982%29%3B+Varnette%27s+World%3A+A+Study+of+a+Young+Artist+%281979%29%3B+Trumpetistically%2C+Clora+Bryant+%281989%29&rft.pub=UCLA+Film+%26+Television+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinema.ucla.edu%2Fevents%2F2011-11-20%2Fblack-art-black-artists-1971-festival-mask-1982-varnettes-world-study-young-artist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gabriel-Obit-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gabriel-Obit_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gabriel-Obit_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708152324/http://www.tft.ucla.edu/news/obituary/738-teshome-gabriel_obit/">"Cinema & Media Studies professor was an internationally recognized expert on Third World Cinema"</a>. Los Angeles, California: UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. 2010-06-10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tft.ucla.edu/news/obituary/738-teshome-gabriel_obit/">the original</a> on 2010-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-03</span></span>. <q>As a faculty member and student at TFT in the 1970s and early 1980s, Gabriel was both a colleague of and a mentor to the African-American and African student filmmakers whose work came to define the Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers, also known as the "L.A. Rebellion." The group included such soon-to-be-celebrated artists as Charles Burnett, Larry Clark, Julie Dash, Haile Gerima, Ben Caldwell, Billy Woodberry, Alile Sharon Larkin, Jacqueline Frazier, Jamaa Fanaka and Barbara McCullough. The UCLA Film & Television Archive is currently preparing a major film exhibition scheduled for 2011 which will explore this key artistic movement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cinema+%26+Media+Studies+professor+was+an+internationally+recognized+expert+on+Third+World+Cinema&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=UCLA+School+of+Theater%2C+Film+and+Television&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tft.ucla.edu%2Fnews%2Fobituary%2F738-teshome-gabriel_obit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/blogs/archival-spaces/2011/10/28/what%E2%80%99s-name-la-rebellion">"What's in a Name? L.A. Rebellion | UCLA Film & Television Archive"</a>. <i>www.cinema.ucla.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cinema.ucla.edu&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+a+Name%3F+L.A.+Rebellion+%7C+UCLA+Film+%26+Television+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinema.ucla.edu%2Fblogs%2Farchival-spaces%2F2011%2F10%2F28%2Fwhat%25E2%2580%2599s-name-la-rebellion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doc-LAR-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doc-LAR_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackfilm.uchicago.edu/campus_resources/doc_films.shtml">"Doc Films"</a>. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doc+Films&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblackfilm.uchicago.edu%2Fcampus_resources%2Fdoc_films.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0206284/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_29">Several Friends (1969) - IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/la-rebellion/films/several-friends">Several Friends|UCLA Film & Television Archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mubi.com-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mubi.com_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mubi.com_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mubi.com_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mubi.com_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mubi.com_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mubi.com_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mubi.com_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mubi.com/notebook/posts/notebook-soundtrack-mix-11-l-a-rebellion-the-unity-resistance-love-mixtape">Notebook Sountrack Mix #11: L.A. Rebellion —— The Unity, Resistance & Love Mixtape on MUBI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7818-american-neorealism-now">American Neorealism Now|Current|The Criterion Collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109906/"><i>The Glass Shield</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glass+Shield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0109906%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indiewire-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Indiewire_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130126161925/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/archives/preview_spirits_of_rebellion_-_a_documentary_film_about_the_l.a._rebellion_/">"Preview: "Spirits of Rebellion" - A Documentary Film About The L.A. Rebellion Film Movement"</a>. Indiewire. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/archives/preview_spirits_of_rebellion_-_a_documentary_film_about_the_l.a._rebellion_/">the original</a> on 2013-01-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preview%3A+%22Spirits+of+Rebellion%22+-+A+Documentary+Film+About+The+L.A.+Rebellion+Film+Movement&rft.pub=Indiewire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.indiewire.com%2Fshadowandact%2Farchives%2Fpreview_spirits_of_rebellion_-_a_documentary_film_about_the_l.a._rebellion_%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.A.+Rebellion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/news/34854-mos-def-returns-with-the-ecstatic/">Mos Def Returns With The Ecstatic|Pitchfork</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcUmV-TaVGk">Trailer of <i>Spirits of Rebellion</i> on YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/la-rebellion">L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spiritsofrebellion.com/"><i>Spirits of Rebellion</i> official website</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L.A._Rebellion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Field, Allyson Nadia; Horak, Jan-Christopher; Stewart, Jacqueline Najuma, eds. (2015). <i>L.A. Rebellion:</i> Creating a New Black Cinema. Oakland, California: University of California Press.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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