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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Madeleine_d%27Aiguillon&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Madeleine d'Aiguillon">Marie Madeleine d'Aiguillon</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Duchess of Aiguillon, French aristocrat, patron of the arts and mathematics</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg/220px-Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg/330px-Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg/440px-Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot_Philippe_de_Champaigne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The Duchess of Aiguillon</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Marie Madeleine de Vignerot, <a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">suo jure</a> Duchess of Aiguillon</b> (1604 – 17 April 1675) was a French aristocrat, also remembered for her charitable work and her patronage of artists and mathematicians. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Val_de_Ruel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Val_de_Ruel.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Val_de_Ruel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Val_de_Ruel.jpg/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Val_de_Ruel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Val_de_Ruel.jpg/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau_du_Val_de_Ruel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Château du Val de Ruel</figcaption></figure> <p>Vignerot was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>'s sister, Françoise du Plessis,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her husband René de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_de_Vignerot_de_Pontcourlay" class="extiw" title="fr:Famille de Vignerot de Pontcourlay">Vignerot</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1620 Vignerot married a nephew of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Albert,_duc_de_Luynes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes">constable de Luynes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_de_Beauvoir_du_Roure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine de Beauvoir du Roure (page does not exist)">Antoine de Beauvoir du Roure</a>, sieur de Combalet, who died in 1622. In 1625, through her uncle's influence, she was made a <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">lady-in-waiting</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dame_d%27atour" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame d'atour">dame d'atour</a></i>) to the queen-mother <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie de Medici">Marie de Medici</a>, and in 1638 was created duchess of <a href="/wiki/Aiguillon,_Lot-et-Garonne" title="Aiguillon, Lot-et-Garonne">Aiguillon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Duchess did not marry a second time, although Richelieu wished to marry her to a prince, either to the <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Soissons" class="mw-redirect" title="Comte de Soissons">comte de Soissons</a> or to the <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Only brother of the King</a>. After the death of the cardinal in 1642, the Duchess retained her honours and titles, but withdrew from the court and devoted herself entirely to works of charity. She became a patron of work involving science and the arts, providing funding for many notable initiatives. She died on 17 April 1675.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from 1638 she was the duchess of Aiguillon in her own right. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patron_of_science_and_arts">Patron of science and arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Patron of science and arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Duchess worked with St. <a href="/wiki/Vincent_de_Paul" title="Vincent de Paul">Vincent de Paul</a> and helped him to establish the <a href="/wiki/Bic%C3%AAtre_Hospital" title="Bicêtre Hospital">Bicêtre Hospital</a> for foundlings. She also took part in re-organising the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Hôtel-Dieu de Paris">Hôtel-Dieu de Paris</a> and establishing several others in the provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, she founded and funded the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Hôtel-Dieu de Québec">Hôtel-Dieu de Québec</a> for the colonists of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Duchess was the patroness of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a>, a compeer of <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, who in 1636 dedicated his tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Cid" title="Le Cid">Le Cid</a></i> to her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also had the vision to provide patronage to <a href="/wiki/Marie_Crous" title="Marie Crous">Marie Crous</a>, a mathematician who introduced the <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> system to France with her published research.<sup id="cite_ref-npp_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911436_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 436.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=10384&pid=0">Hôtel-Dieu de Québec</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Canadian Register of Historic Places">Canadian Register of Historic Places</a></i>. Retrieved 2012-03-03. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npp-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npp_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Goldstein" title="Catherine Goldstein">Catherine Goldstein</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.jussieu.fr/~cgolds/Places-Goldstein.pdf">Neither public nor private: mathematics in early modern France</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Aiguillon, Marie Madeleine de Wignerod du Pont de Courlay"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Aiguillon,_Marie_Madeleine_de_Wignerod_du_Pont_de_Courlay">"Aiguillon, Marie Madeleine de Wignerod du Pont de Courlay" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 436–437.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aiguillon%2C+Marie+Madeleine+de+Wignerod+du+Pont+de+Courlay&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=436-437&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Madeleine+de+Vignerot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Gardiner_Adams1857" class="citation journal cs1">Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Cyclopaedia_of_Female_Biography/Aiguillon,_Duchess_d%27" class="extiw" title="s:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Aiguillon, Duchess d'">Aiguillon, Duchess d'</a>". <i>A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography</i>: 23. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115446301" class="extiw" title="d:Q115446301">Q115446301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Cyclopaedia+of+Female+Biography&rft.atitle=Aiguillon%2C+Duchess+d%26%2339%3B&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Madeleine+de+Vignerot" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Madeleine_de_Vignerot&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Roy, Joseph Edmond (1907). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Duchess of Aiguillon"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Duchess_of_Aiguillon">"Duchess of Aiguillon" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Duchess+of+Aiguillon&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Edmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarie+Madeleine+de+Vignerot" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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