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height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Pencarian </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Tampilan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class="">Menyumbang</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Astana" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; 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[o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Nama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Demografi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Demografi </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Populasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Populasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Populasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Agama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Area_metropolitan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Area_metropolitan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Area metropolitan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Area_metropolitan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Geografi </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Topografi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zona_waktu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zona_waktu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Zona waktu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zona_waktu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Iklim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ekonomi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Pendidikan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Transportasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Transportasi </button> <ul id="toc-Transportasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportasi_umum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportasi_umum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Transportasi umum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportasi_umum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Udara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Udara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kereta_api_dan_Jalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kereta_api_dan_Jalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Kereta api dan Jalan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kereta_api_dan_Jalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platform_diplomasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platform_diplomasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Platform diplomasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platform_diplomasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expo_2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expo_2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Expo 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expo_2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kota_kembar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kota_kembar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Kota kembar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kota_kembar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Astana</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 188 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" > 188 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%91%E1%88%AD-%E1%88%A1%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ኑር-ሡልታን – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኑር-ሡልታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astan%C3%A1" title="Astaná – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Astaná" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="آستانا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آستانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%AA_%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܢܘܪ ܣܘܠܛܐܢ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܘܪ ܣܘܠܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="أسطانا – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أسطانا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نور سلطان – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نور سلطان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astan%C3%A1" title="Astaná – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Astaná" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नूर-सुल्तान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="नूर-सुल्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur-Sultan" title="Nur-Sultan – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nur-Sultan" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="آستانا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آستانا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="আস্তানা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আস্তানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93" title="ནུར་སུལྟན – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནུར་སུལྟན" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_(Kazakstan)" title="Astana (Kazakstan) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Astana (Kazakstan)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astan%C3%A0" title="Astanà – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Astanà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_(ulohang_dakbayan_sa_Khasakstan)" title="Astana (ulohang dakbayan sa Khasakstan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Astana (ulohang dakbayan sa Khasakstan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نوورسوڵتان – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نوورسوڵتان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC" title="Αστανά – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστανά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astano" title="Astano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Astano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astan%C3%A1" title="Astaná – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Astaná" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_(%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="آستانه (قزاقستان) – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آستانه (قزاقستان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_(Kazachstan)" title="Astana (Kazachstan) – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Astana (Kazachstan)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%94" title="אסטנה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नूर-सुल्तान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नूर-सुल्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asztana" title="Asztana – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Asztana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Աստանա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Աստանա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աստանա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur-Sultan" title="Nur-Sultan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nur-Sultan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8A" title="アスタナ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アスタナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana,_Kazakhstan" title="Astana, Kazakhstan – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Astana, Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ასტანა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასტანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tana" title="A̱tana – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tana" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6" title="អាសតាណា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាសតាណា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D-%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೂರ್-ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೂರ್-ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%82%98" title="아스타나 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아스타나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नूर-सुल्तान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नूर-सुल्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C4%81na" title="Atāna – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Atāna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="നൂർ സൂൽത്താൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൂർ സൂൽത്താൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="नुरसुल्तान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नुरसुल्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0-%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="နျူ-ဆူလ်တန်မြို့ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နျူ-ဆူလ်တန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Астана (Казахстан Мастор) – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Астана (Казахстан Мастор)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="آستانه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آستانه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="अस्ताना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अस्ताना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_(stad)" title="Astana (stad) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astana (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haltso_Hatsoh%C3%ADtah" title="Haltso Hatsohítah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haltso Hatsohítah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਨੂਰ-ਸੁਲਤਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੂਰ-ਸੁਲਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="آستانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آستانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="استانه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="استانه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%BC%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana,_Kazakhstan" title="Astana, Kazakhstan – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Astana, Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="آستانه – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آستانه" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astanaja" title="Astanaja – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Astanaja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="நூர் சுல்தான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நூர் சுல்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Остона – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Остона" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="อัสตานา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัสตานา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ئاستانا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاستانا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Астана – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نور سلطان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نور سلطان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostona" title="Ostona – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ostona" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astan" title="Astan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Astan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur-Sultan" title="Nur-Sultan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Nur-Sultan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3" title="阿斯塔纳 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿斯塔纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ასტანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ასტანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90" title="אסטאנא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסטאנא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D" title="阿斯塔納 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿斯塔納" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D" title="阿斯塔納 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿斯塔納" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Astana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D" title="阿斯塔納 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿斯塔納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1520#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Astana" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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[h]" accesskey="h">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Perkakas </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astana">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=history">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Astana" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pranala balik</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Astana" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan terkait</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q">Halaman istimewa</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&oldid=26390318" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini">Pranala permanen</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini">Informasi halaman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Astana&id=26390318&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini">Kutip halaman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAstana">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAstana">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Astana">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Astana&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astana" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1520" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem koordinat geografis">Koordinat</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Astana&language=id&params=51_10_09_N_71_26_56_E_type:city_region:KZ">51°10′09″N 71°26′56″E / 51.16917°N 71.44889°E / 51.16917; 71.44889</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/Astana_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="Astana (disambiguasi)">Astana (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24150118">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-background{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Astana</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="kk">Астана</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Nursultan ("Нұр-Сұлтан", 2019-2022)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader ib-background"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><table style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:276px;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><table style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td style="border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ishim_River_in_Nur-Sultan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ishim_River_in_Nur-Sultan_%28cropped%29.jpg/276px-Ishim_River_in_Nur-Sultan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="276" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ishim_River_in_Nur-Sultan_%28cropped%29.jpg/414px-Ishim_River_in_Nur-Sultan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ishim_River_in_Nur-Sultan_%28cropped%29.jpg/552px-Ishim_River_in_Nur-Sultan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1390" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="font-size:smaller">Dari atas: Pusat kota Nur-Sultan, <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ishim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Ishim">Sungai Ishim</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19679278">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Nur-Sultan-1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang kebesaran Astana"><img alt="Lambang kebesaran Astana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emblem_of_Nur-Sultan-1.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Nur-Sultan-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emblem_of_Nur-Sultan-1.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Nur-Sultan-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Emblem_of_Nur-Sultan-1.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Nur-Sultan-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambang_Nursultan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambang Nursultan (halaman belum tersedia)">Lambang kebesaran</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-lat="51.169167" data-lon="71.448889" data-overlays="["_381ab02f6b3e069ed66d9b2946bf13cbebdbe836"]" href="/wiki/Istimewa:Map/8/51.169167/71.448889/id"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,51.169167,71.448889,300x200.png?lang=id&domain=id.wikipedia.org&title=Astana&revid=26390318&groups=_381ab02f6b3e069ed66d9b2946bf13cbebdbe836" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,51.169167,71.448889,300x200@2x.png?lang=id&domain=id.wikipedia.org&title=Astana&revid=26390318&groups=_381ab02f6b3e069ed66d9b2946bf13cbebdbe836 2x" alt="Peta" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Letak Astana di Kazakhstan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18624177">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astana di Kazakhstan"><img alt="Astana di Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1134" /></a><div class="od" style="top:30.193%;left:60.593%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Astana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Astana</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Letak Astana di Kazakhstan</div>Tampilkan peta Kazakhstan</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18624177"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astana di Asia"><img alt="Astana di Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a><div class="od" style="top:37.001%;left:36.635%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Astana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Astana</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Astana (Asia)</div>Tampilkan peta Asia</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Koordinat: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Astana&language=id&params=51_10_09_N_71_26_56_E_type:city_region:KZ">51°10′09″N 71°26′56″E / 51.16917°N 71.44889°E / 51.16917; 71.44889</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Negara</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Didirikan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Akmoly tahun 1830<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Pemerintahan<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_wali_kota%E2%80%93dewan" title="Pemerintahan wali kota–dewan">Wali Kota–Dewan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Badan</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Dewan Kota Astana</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wali_Kota_Astana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wali Kota Astana (halaman belum tersedia)">Wali Kota</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altai_K%C3%B3lginov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altai Kólginov (halaman belum tersedia)">Altai Kólginov</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Luas<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">810,2 km2 (312,8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ketinggian<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">347 m (1,138 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasi<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (1 Maret 2020)<a href="#cite_note-stat.gov.kz-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">1,144,755<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan">Metropolitan</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-informburo-4">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">1,200,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B6" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+6">UTC+6</a> (ALMT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kode_pos" title="Kode pos">Kode pos</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><div class="postal-code">010000–010015<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kode_area_telepon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kode area telepon">Kode area telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">+7 7172<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">AST<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Plat_nomor_kendaraan" class="mw-redirect" title="Plat nomor kendaraan">Plat nomor kendaraan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plat_nomor_kendaraan_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plat nomor kendaraan Kazakhstan (halaman belum tersedia)">01, Z</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_iklim_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Klasifikasi iklim Köppen">Iklim</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Dwb</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Situs web</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/astana">www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/astana</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520#P856" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Astana (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kazak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kazak">bahasa Kazak</a>: Астана, "Astana"), adalah ibu kota negara <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> sejak tahun <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>. Astana dalam Bahasa Kazakh berarti "ibu kota", dipilih nama demikian karena mudah diucapkan dalam berbagai bahasa. Sebelumnya, kota ini sempat berganti nama menjadi Nursultan atau Nur-Sultan (sejak tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2022) yang merupakan nama mantan presiden <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a>. Kota ini terletak di tepi <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ishim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Ishim">Sungai Ishim</a>, tepatnya berada di bagian utara Kazakhstan. Kota ini pun menjadi kota dengan populasi terbanyak kedua di Kazakhstan setelah Kota <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>. Kota asli Akmola (yang kemudian berubah nama menjadi Astana pada tahun 1998, sejak 2019 berubah menjadi Nursultan, dikembalikan lagi ke Astana tahun 2022) dijadikan ibu kota Kazakhstan pada tahun 1997, dan sejak saat itu kota ini terus berkembang secara ekonomis menjadi salah satu kota paling modern di kawasan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jtmodern-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kisho-9">[9]</a> Pada tanggal 23 Maret 2019, berdasarkan musyawarah yang diselenggarakan oleh parlemen Kazakhstan, kota ini secara resmi memperoleh nama baru yaitu Nursultan, yang merupakan nama dari <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Kazakhstan">Presiden Kazakhstan yang pertama</a> yakni <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Kota Astana atau merupakan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kota_terencana" title="Kota terencana">kota terencana</a> seperti banyak kota terencana lainnya di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-Astana-13">[13]</a> Rancangan utama kota ini didesain oleh seorang arsitek berkebangsaan Jepang bernama <a href="/wiki/Kisho_Kurokawa" title="Kisho Kurokawa">Kisho Kurokawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Astana-13">[13]</a> Sebagai pusat Pemerintahan Kazakhstan, Astana menjadi lokasi terletaknya Gedung Parlemen, Mahkamah Agung, Istana Kepresidenan Kazakhstan, dan beberapa badan serta institusi pemerintahan lainnya. Selain itu, Astana merupakan rumah bagi bangunan, gedung-gedung, per<a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotelan</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Pencakar_langit" title="Pencakar langit">pencakar langit</a> yang berdesain sangat futuristik.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama">Nama</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Nama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Nama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pertama kali ditemukan pada tahun 1860 sebagai pemukiman Akmoly atau Akmoly prikaz (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a>: Акмолинский приказ), kota ini menjadi sebuah <a href="/wiki/Benteng" title="Benteng">benteng</a> pertahanan bagi para <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Kazaki" title="Bangsa Kazaki">Bangsa Kazaki Siberia</a>. Kemudian pada tahun 1832, pemukiman ini memperoleh status sebagai sebuah kota dan kemudian berubah nama menjadi Akmolinsk (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a>: Акмолинск).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25-2">[2]</a> Pada tanggal 20 Maret 1961, kota ini berubah lagi namanya menjadi Tselinograd (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a>: Целиноград, <a href="/wiki/Arti_harfiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Arti harfiah">har.</a> 'City of <a href="/wiki/Tselina" title="Tselina">tselina</a>') untuk dijadikan penanda evolusi kota ini sebagai pusat kebudayaan dan administratif <a href="/wiki/Kampanye_Tanah-Tanah_Dara" title="Kampanye Tanah-Tanah Dara">Kampanye Tanah-Tanah Dara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25-2">[2]</a> Pada tahun 1992, nama kota ini berubah lagi menjadi Akmola yang merupakan modifikasi dari nama pertama kota ini yang berarti kota suci.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Tanggal 10 Desember 1997, kota ini dijadikan ibu kota baru <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> menggantikan Kota <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, yang kemudian di tanggal 6 Mei 1998, kota ini dinamai Astana yang berarti ibu kota dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kazakh" title="Bahasa Kazakh">bahasa Kazakh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_history_of_Astana-19">[19]</a> Pada 20 Maret 2019, untuk menghormati Presiden <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> yang mengundurkan diri setelah menjabat selama hampir 30 tahun, Astana diubah namanya menjadi Nursultan. Perubahan nama ini berawal dari Presiden interim <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a> yang mengusulkan perubahan nama ibu kota ke Parlemen Kazakhstan pada 19 Maret 2019. Melalui pemungutan suara, secara resmi ibu kota Kazakhstan berubah nama dari Astana menjadi Nursultan.<a href="#cite_note-Inform-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-DW-21">[21]</a> Pada September 2022, Presiden Kassym-Jomart Tokayev menandatangani amandemen konstitusional yang menyatakan bahwa ibu kota Kazakhstan diubah kembali namanya menjadi Astana. Sejak 2022, Astana menjadi ibu kota dengan perubahan nama terbanyak di era modern menurut <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Demografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="width: 15em; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox-title" style="padding:0.25em; font-size:110%">Populasi historis</th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%"><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; width: 3em;">Tahun</th> <th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right;"><abbr title="Jumlah Penduduk">Jumlah Pend.</abbr>  </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right"><abbr title="Perubahan persen">±%</abbr>  </th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1989</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">281.252</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1999</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">326.900</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+16.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2002</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">493.100</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+50.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2010</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">649.139</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+31.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2016</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">872.655</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+34.4%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Populasi">Populasi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Populasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Populasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Perkiraan pada akhir September 2017 menyatakan bahwa jumlah penduduk Kota Astana 1.029.557 jiwa.<a href="#cite_note-stat.gov.kz-3">[3]</a> Jumlah tersebut meningkat dua kali lipat dari penghitungan penduduk sebelumnya pada tahun 2002 dengan angka sebesar ±493.000 jiwa.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Berdasarkan penghitungan pada tahun 2018, etnis <a href="/wiki/Kazakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh">Kazakh</a> merupakan etnis mayoritas di kota ini dengan persentase sebesar 78% yang justru dulunya hanya sebesar 18% di masa awal kemerdekaan <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. Banyak kalangan menyatakan bahwa dorongan untuk menarik etnis <a href="/wiki/Kazakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh">Kazakh</a> berpindah ke wilayah utara negara ini menjadi alasan pemindahan ibu kota dari <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> ke Astana. Selain itu, ibu kota sebelumnya mempunyai keterbatasan ruang untuk pengembangan dan berada di wilayah rawan gempa.<a href="#cite_note-eurasianet.org-23">[23]</a> Juga, kota ini memiliki jarak yang lebih dekat dengan pusat wilayah perindustrian Kazakhstan daripada Kota Almaty.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Hingga tahun 2017, jumlah penduduk Kota Astana terus meningkat dua kali lipat dari yang sebelumnya berpenduduk 600.000 jiwa pada tahun 2007 menjadi hampir lebih dari 1 juta jiwa. Para pekerja migran, baik legal atau ilegal dari seluruh penjuru Kazakhstan bahkan negara Asia Tengah lainnya, tertarik untuk memperbaiki nasib kerja mereka di kota ini dan kota Astana pun menjadi magnet atau daya tarik bagi para profesional muda yang ingin membina jenjang karier yang baik.<a href="#cite_note-eurasianet.org-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Agama yang dianut oleh sebagian besar masyarakat Kota Astana adalah <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Kemudian diikuti oleh agama <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Timur" title="Gereja Ortodoks Timur">Kristen</a> dengan penganut terbanyak kedua di kota ini, lalu diikuti oleh beberapa agama lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">Buddhisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme">Taoisme</a>, dan agama lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Istana_Perdamaian_dan_Rekonsiliasi" title="Istana Perdamaian dan Rekonsiliasi">Istana Perdamaian dan Rekonsiliasi</a> secara khusus dibangun untuk menyambut penyelenggaraan acara Kongres Para Pemimpin Dunia dan Agama Tradisional. Bangunan ini memiliki beberapa akomodasi untuk pelbagai agama dan keyakinan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Area_metropolitan">Area metropolitan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Area metropolitan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Area metropolitan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Area metropolitan Kota Astana meliputi beberapa distrik, yaitu distrik Arshaly, distrik Shortandy, distrik Tselinograd, dan sebagian wilayah distrik akkola yang masuk ke dalam wilayah Provinsi Akmola. Area metropolitan ini secara keseluruhan memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar ±1,2 juta jiwa.<a href="#cite_note-informburo-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Astana_(Kazakhstan),_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Astana_%28Kazakhstan%29%2C_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg/150px-Astana_%28Kazakhstan%29%2C_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Astana_%28Kazakhstan%29%2C_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg/225px-Astana_%28Kazakhstan%29%2C_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Astana_%28Kazakhstan%29%2C_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg/300px-Astana_%28Kazakhstan%29%2C_satellite_image_2017-07-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5064" data-file-height="4607" /></a><figcaption>Citra satelit kota Astana</figcaption></figure> Kota Astana berjarak ±1000 km dari kota terbesar Kazakhstan, <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>. Kota besar terdekat dari Astana adalah Kota <a href="/wiki/Karaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaganda">Karaganda</a> yang berjarak ±200 km dan Kota <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a> yang berjarak ±400 km. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografi">Topografi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Topografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Topografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kota Astana terletak di wilayah tengah Kazakhstan serta berada di tepi <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ishim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Ishim">Sungai Ishim</a> dan terletak di wilayah stepa semi-arid yang sangat datar. Secara astronomis, kota ini berada di 51° 10' lintang utara dan 71° 26' bujur timur. Luas wilayah kota ini mencakup ±722 km persegi. Kota ini berada pada ketinggian 347 meter <a href="/wiki/Meter_di_atas_permukaan_laut" title="Meter di atas permukaan laut">di atas permukaan laut</a>. Wilayah kota tua Astana berada di sisi utara sungai, sedangkan wilayah pusat kota ini berada di sisi selatan sungai. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zona_waktu">Zona waktu</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Zona waktu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zona waktu">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Zona waktu yang digunakan oleh Kota Astana adalah <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:00" title="UTC+06:00">UTC+06:00</a> atau selisih satu jam lebih lambat dari <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Indonesia_Barat" title="Waktu Indonesia Barat">Waktu Indonesia Barat</a>. Zona waktu ini pun digunakan di sebagian besar wilayah <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, kecuali beberapa provinsi di wilayah barat negeri ini. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim">Iklim</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Iklim">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ClimateAstanaKazakhstan.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ClimateAstanaKazakhstan.PNG/130px-ClimateAstanaKazakhstan.PNG" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ClimateAstanaKazakhstan.PNG/195px-ClimateAstanaKazakhstan.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ClimateAstanaKazakhstan.PNG/260px-ClimateAstanaKazakhstan.PNG 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Suhu di Astana</figcaption></figure> Kota Astana merupakan pemegang rekor sebagai ibu kota terdingin kedua di dunia setelah ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Kota Astana mempunyai ciri khas iklim benua (kontinental) yang ekstrem dengan musim panas yang hangat (dengan ciri curah hujan yang singkat dan kadang-kadang) serta musim dingin yang panjang, dingin, dan kering. Suhu rata-rata di musim panas dapat mencapai angka 35 °C, tetapi angka tersebut akan turun drastis pada kisaran -30 °C di musim dingin. Biasanya, Sungai Ishim akan mulai membeku sejak pekan kedua bulan November hingga pekan pertama bulan April. Selain itu, kota ini juga mempunyai reputasi sebagai kota dengan intensitas angin yang tinggi di kalangan masyarakat Kazakhstan. Pada umumnya, Kota Astana ber<a href="/wiki/Iklim_kontinen_lembab" title="Iklim kontinen lembab">iklim kontinen lembab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_iklim_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Klasifikasi iklim Köppen">Klasifikasi iklim Köppen</a> Dwb).<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Rerata suhu tahunan Kota Astana adalah 3,5 °C. Bulan Januari adalah bulan terdingin dengan suhu rerata sebesar -14,2 °C dan rekor suhu terendah di bulan ini sebesar -51,6 °C. Sementara itu, bulan Juli merupakan bulan terpanas dengan suhu rerata sebesar 20,8 °C. <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Data iklim <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bulan </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Januari">Jan</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Februari">Feb</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Maret">Mar</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="April">Apr</abbr> </th> <th>Mei </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juni">Jun</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juli">Jul</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Agustus">Agt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="September">Sep</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Oktober">Okt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="November">Nov</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Desember">Des</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Tahun </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#F9F9FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFFCFA;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF850C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF5100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.7 (85.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF2700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.7 (96.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF0900;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">40.1 (104.2) </td> <td style="background:#FD0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">41.6 (106.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">38.7 (101.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF2400;color:#000000;text-align:center;">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF6600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF9E3E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.5 (40.1) </td> <td style="background:#FD0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">41.6 (106.9) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#A2A2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−12.6 (9.3) </td> <td style="background:#A9A9FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−11.3 (11.7) </td> <td style="background:#CBCBFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−5.0 (23) </td> <td style="background:#FFDDBC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.3 (48.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF962E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF6F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF6300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF7600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF9D3C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background:#FFE3C7;color:#000000;text-align:center;">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background:#D6D6FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−3.0 (26.6) </td> <td style="background:#B2B2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−9.7 (14.5) </td> <td style="background:#FFE9D4;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">7.6 (45.7) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata harian °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#9A9AFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−14.2 (6.4) </td> <td style="background:#9A9AFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−14.1 (6.6) </td> <td style="background:#C0C0FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−7.1 (19.2) </td> <td style="background:#FFFAF5;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFBE7D;color:#000000;text-align:center;">13.9 (57) </td> <td style="background:#FF9730;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF8E1E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF9C39;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background:#FFC993;color:#000000;text-align:center;">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFFEFD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background:#C9C9FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−5.4 (22.3) </td> <td style="background:#A5A5FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−12.1 (10.2) </td> <td style="background:#F9F9FF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">3.5 (38.3) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#6F6FFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−22.0 (−7.6) </td> <td style="background:#7171FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−21.8 (−7.2) </td> <td style="background:#9292FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−15.6 (3.9) </td> <td style="background:#D9D9FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−2.4 (27.7) </td> <td style="background:#FFF6ED;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFD0A2;color:#000000;text-align:center;">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background:#FFC184;color:#000000;text-align:center;">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFD2A6;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background:#FFFAF6;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.1 (41.2) </td> <td style="background:#DBDBFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−2.1 (28.2) </td> <td style="background:#AAAAFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−11.2 (11.8) </td> <td style="background:#8080FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−18.9 (−2) </td> <td style="background:#D1D1FF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">−4.0 (24.8) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#0000CF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">−51.6 (−60.9) </td> <td style="background:#0000DD;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">−48.9 (−56) </td> <td style="background:#1919FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">−38.0 (−36.4) </td> <td style="background:#5151FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">−27.7 (−17.9) </td> <td style="background:#ACACFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−10.8 (12.6) </td> <td style="background:#DEDEFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−1.5 (29.3) </td> <td style="background:#F3F3FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2.3 (36.1) </td> <td style="background:#DADAFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−2.2 (28) </td> <td style="background:#BABAFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">−8.2 (17.2) </td> <td style="background:#5E5EFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">−25.3 (−13.5) </td> <td style="background:#1313FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">−39.2 (−38.6) </td> <td style="background:#0000FB;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">−43.5 (−46.3) </td> <td style="background:#0000CF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">−51.6 (−60.9) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><a href="/wiki/Presipitasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Presipitasi">Presipitasi</a> mm (inci) </th> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17 (0.67) </td> <td style="background:#E6FFE6;color:#000000;text-align:center;">15 (0.59) </td> <td style="background:#E8FFE8;color:#000000;text-align:center;">15 (0.59) </td> <td style="background:#DDFFDD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22 (0.87) </td> <td style="background:#CDFFCD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33 (1.3) </td> <td style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33 (1.3) </td> <td style="background:#B0FFB0;color:#000000;text-align:center;">53 (2.09) </td> <td style="background:#CAFFCA;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35 (1.38) </td> <td style="background:#DAFFDA;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24 (0.94) </td> <td style="background:#D2FFD2;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30 (1.18) </td> <td style="background:#DEFFDE;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21 (0.83) </td> <td style="background:#E1FFE1;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20 (0.79) </td> <td style="background:#D6FFD6;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">318 (12.52) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata hari hujan atau bersalju </th> <td style="background:#CECEFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.9 </td> <td style="background:#D1D1FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.3 </td> <td style="background:#D6D6FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.3 </td> <td style="background:#BABAFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.4 </td> <td style="background:#9797FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">8.4 </td> <td style="background:#7A7AFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.4 </td> <td style="background:#6F6FFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">11.6 </td> <td style="background:#8484FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.9 </td> <td style="background:#A8A8FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">6.8 </td> <td style="background:#A3A3FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7.4 </td> <td style="background:#C3C3FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.7 </td> <td style="background:#CECEFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.9 </td> <td style="background:#ACACFF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">79 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata hari hujan </th> <td style="background:#E6E6FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2 </td> <td style="background:#E3E3FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2 </td> <td style="background:#C1C1FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5 </td> <td style="background:#8C8CFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="background:#4545FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">15 </td> <td style="background:#5959FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">13 </td> <td style="background:#4545FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">15 </td> <td style="background:#5E5EFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">13 </td> <td style="background:#6666FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">12 </td> <td style="background:#8383FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10 </td> <td style="background:#A5A5FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="background:#D9D9FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3 </td> <td style="background:#8F8FFF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">106 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata hari bersalju </th> <td style="background:#0000C9;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">25 </td> <td style="background:#0000C3;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">23 </td> <td style="background:#1414FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">19 </td> <td style="background:#B2B2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">6 </td> <td style="background:#F2F2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1 </td> <td style="background:#FDFDFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0 </td> <td style="background:#F2F2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1 </td> <td style="background:#A8A8FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7 </td> <td style="background:#1919FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">18 </td> <td style="background:#0000D5;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">24 </td> <td style="background:#7D7DFF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">124 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">% <a href="/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan">kelembapan</a> </th> <td style="background:#0000D3;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">78 </td> <td style="background:#0000D7;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">77 </td> <td style="background:#0000CF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">79 </td> <td style="background:#0A0AFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">64 </td> <td style="background:#3030FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">54 </td> <td style="background:#3434FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">53 </td> <td style="background:#1D1DFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">59 </td> <td style="background:#2424FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">57 </td> <td style="background:#1D1DFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">59 </td> <td style="background:#0000F9;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">68 </td> <td style="background:#0000CB;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">80 </td> <td style="background:#0000CF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">79 </td> <td style="background:#0000FD;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">67 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan </th> <td style="background:#AEAE8E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">103 </td> <td style="background:#C9C900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">147 </td> <td style="background:#D5D500;color:#000000;text-align:center;">192 </td> <td style="background:#E2E200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">238 </td> <td style="background:#EEEE0C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">301 </td> <td style="background:#F9F925;color:#000000;text-align:center;">336 </td> <td style="background:#F6F61F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">336 </td> <td style="background:#EDED08;color:#000000;text-align:center;">294 </td> <td style="background:#E0E000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">230 </td> <td style="background:#BDBD34;color:#000000;text-align:center;">136 </td> <td style="background:#AEAE8D;color:#000000;text-align:center;">100 </td> <td style="background:#AAAAA7;color:#000000;text-align:center;">94 </td> <td style="background:#DADA00;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">2.507 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%">Sumber #1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</a> (UN) <a href="#cite_note-WMO-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">Sumber #2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun, 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-30">[30]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekonomi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Perekonomian kota Astana bertumpu pada sektor <a href="/wiki/Perdagangan" title="Perdagangan">perdagangan</a>, sektor produksi industri, sektor <a href="/wiki/Transportasi" title="Transportasi">transportasi</a>, sektor <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi" title="Komunikasi">komunikasi</a>, sektor <a href="/wiki/Konstruksi" title="Konstruksi">konstruksi</a>. Sedangkan hasil produksi industri kota ini adalah material bahan bangunan, <a href="/wiki/Makanan" title="Makanan">makanan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Teknik_mesin" title="Teknik mesin">teknik mesin</a>. Pusat Keuangan Internasional Astana (AIFC) dibuka untuk pertama kalinya pada tahun 2018 dan institusi ini menjadi salah satu pusat kegiatan layanan keuangan di wilayah <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aifchub-31">[31]</a> Kota Astana merupakan tempat kantor pusat <a href="/wiki/Badan_usaha_milik_negara" title="Badan usaha milik negara">perusahaan milik negara</a> berada seperti perusahaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samruk-Kazyna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samruk-Kazyna (halaman belum tersedia)">Samruk-Kazyna</a>, perusahaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstan_Temir_Zholy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (halaman belum tersedia)">Kazakhstan Temir Zholy</a>, <a href="/wiki/KazMunayGas" title="KazMunayGas">KazMunayGas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=KazTransOil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KazTransOil (halaman belum tersedia)">KazTransOil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazatomprom" title="Kazatomprom">Kazatomprom</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGOC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KEGOC (halaman belum tersedia)">KEGOC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazpost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazpost (halaman belum tersedia)">Kazpost</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhtelecom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazakhtelecom (halaman belum tersedia)">Kazakhtelecom</a>. Peralihan ibu kota memberikan kota Astana dorongan yang kuat terhadap perkembangan ekonomi kota ini. Tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi telah menarik perhatian para investor. Dalam waktu 16 tahun semenjak dijadikan ibu kota, volume investasi di kota ini meningkat sebesar 30 kali lipat dan produk regional bruto pun meningkat drastis sebanyak 90 kali lipat,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> dan hasil industri meningkat sebanyak 11 kali lipat. Jumlah Produk Regional Bruto Kota Astana merupakan 8,5% dari total <a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">Produk Domestik Bruto</a> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. Administrasi Astana mempromosikan pengembangan usaha kecil dan usaha menengah melalui kooperasi Badan Usaha Pengelola Investasi Negara Samruk-Kazyna dan Dewan Ekonomi Nasional. Dukungan diberikan dalam bentuk program pengkreditan khusus.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Hasil dari program tersebut, yaitu peningkatan jumlah usaha kecil dan usaha menengah sebesar 13,7% atau setara dengan 96.000 hingga 1 Juli 2015 dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya<a href="#cite_note-sme12-34">[34]</a> dan peningkatan jumlah tenaga kerja padat karya sebesar 17,8% atau setara dengan 234.000 hingga 1 April 2015.<a href="#cite_note-sme12-34">[34]</a> Kota Astana pun termasuk dalam daftar peringkat top 21 masyarakat cerdas di dunia berdasarkan laporan yang dirilis oleh Forum Masyarakat Cerdas pada tahun 2016. Daftar peringkat tersebut meliputi kota, daerah, dan masyarakat yang menggunakan instrumen digital untuk pembangunan ekonomi dan masyarakat lokal.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Pada tahun 2018, Kota Astana dapat menarik keuntungan dari sektor investasi asing langsung sebesar ±3 triliun KZT (±Rp107 triliun). Angka tersebut diraih karena besarnya jumlah proyek konstruksi di kota ini.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Selain itu, sektor pariwisata menjadi salah satu faktor yang mendorong percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi kota ini dan kota Astana, berdasarkan Commonwealth of Independent States, masuk ke dalam daftar 10 teratas kota pariwisata yang paling menarik.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendidikan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Palace_of_Arts_Shabyt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Palace_of_Arts_Shabyt.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Arts_Shabyt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Palace_of_Arts_Shabyt.jpg/330px-Palace_of_Arts_Shabyt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Palace_of_Arts_Shabyt.jpg/440px-Palace_of_Arts_Shabyt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3597" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Universitas Seni Nasional Kazakh</figcaption></figure> Kota Astana mempunyai segudang perguruan tinggi (universitas) dan junior college. Hingga tahun ajaran 2013/2014, Kota Astana mempunyai total pendaftaran sebesar 53.561 pelajar di 14 institusi pendidikan tingginya, meningkat sebesar 10% dari tahun ajaran sebelumnya.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Nasional_Eurasia_Gumilyov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas Nasional Eurasia Gumilyov (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Nasional Eurasia Gumilyov</a> merupakan universitas terbesar di Astana dengan jumlah mahasiswa sebesar 16.558 dan jumlah staf akademisi sebesar 1.678.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Universitas tertua di kota ini adalah Universitas Seifullin yang didirikan pada tahun 1957.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Nazarbayev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas Nazarbayev (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Nazarbayev</a> merupakan suatu <a href="/wiki/Universitas_penelitian" title="Universitas penelitian">universitas penelitian</a> yang otonom dan didirikan pada tahun 2010 dalam kemitraan dengan beberapa universitas top dunia.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Universitas Ekonomi, Keuangan, dan Perdagangan Internasional Kazakh merupakan institusi pendidikan tinggi ekonomi yang didirikan pada tahun 1999 di <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> yang kemudian direlokasi ke Astana pada tahun 2006.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Institut Hukum dan Humaniora Kazakh merupakan perguruan tinggi yang didirikan pada tahun 1994 atas prakarsa Kementrian Kehakiman.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Universitas Kedokteran Astana dulunya merupakan satu-satunya perguruan tinggi kedokteran di kota ini hingga didirikannya Sekolah Kedokteran di Universitas Nazarbayev pada tahun 2014.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Terdapat setidaknya ±103.000 siswa terdaftar di 83 sekolah yang ada di Astana, masing-masingnya terdiri dari 71 sekolah negeri dan 12 sekolah swasta.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Sekolah Internasional Miras yang didirikan pada tahun 1999 merupakan sekolah swasta pertama di kota ini.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Terdapat pula Sekolah Menengah Atas Kazakh-Turki Astana yang didirikan oleh Yayasan Internasional KATEV yang juga memiliki sekolah asrama untuk siswa-siswi berbakat. Selain itu, Astana menjadi tempat bagi dua Sekolah Intelektual Nazarbayev (NIS) yaitu Sekolah Fisika dan Matematika serta Sekolah <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Sekolah Internasional QSI Astana merupakan sebuah sekolah internasional yang menyediakan pendidikan berbasis kurikulum Amerika Serikat bagi para muridnya. Sekolah tersebut merupakan cabang dari Sekolah Internasional QSI yang berkantor pusat di <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportasi">Transportasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Transportasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Transportasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%22Astana_Bike%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%22Astana_Bike%22.jpg/180px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%22Astana_Bike%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%22Astana_Bike%22.jpg/270px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%22Astana_Bike%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%22Astana_Bike%22.jpg/360px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%22Astana_Bike%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Penyewaan_sepeda" title="Penyewaan sepeda">Penyewaan sepeda</a> AstanaBike</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportasi_umum">Transportasi umum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Transportasi umum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Transportasi umum">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Talgo_200_Tulpar_train,_Astana_rail_terminal._Kazakhstan,_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Talgo_200_Tulpar_train%2C_Astana_rail_terminal._Kazakhstan%2C_2009.JPG/220px-Talgo_200_Tulpar_train%2C_Astana_rail_terminal._Kazakhstan%2C_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Talgo_200_Tulpar_train%2C_Astana_rail_terminal._Kazakhstan%2C_2009.JPG/330px-Talgo_200_Tulpar_train%2C_Astana_rail_terminal._Kazakhstan%2C_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Talgo_200_Tulpar_train%2C_Astana_rail_terminal._Kazakhstan%2C_2009.JPG/440px-Talgo_200_Tulpar_train%2C_Astana_rail_terminal._Kazakhstan%2C_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Kereta cepat <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Tulpar Talgo</a> tujuan <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></figcaption></figure> Transportasi umum di Nur-Sultan terdiri dari layanan <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Angkutan_kota" title="Angkutan kota">angkutan umum</a>. Sebanyak lebih dari 720,000 orang menggunakan transportasi umum dalam kesehariannya.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Terdapat setidaknya 40 jalur bus yang dilengkapi dengan 1000 armada kendaraan dan 3000 orang pekerja di sektor transportasi umum.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Seperti layanan bus, angkutan umum pun memiliki rute yang sudah ditentukan dan bekerja pada basis yang bersamaan. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat sembilan jalur angkutan umum. Di 2011, Akimat Astana mendirikan sebuah badan usaha untuk melaksanakan beberapa perubahan dan program di ibu kota yang diketahui sebagai "Sistem transportasi baru Astana".<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Sebagai bagian dari program tersebut, jalur <a href="/wiki/Bus_Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus Rapid Transit">Bus Rapid Transit</a> (BRT) pun dibuka. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lintas_Rel_Terpadu_Astana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lintas Rel Terpadu Astana (halaman belum tersedia)">Lintas Rel Terpadu Astana</a> merupakan sistem <a href="/wiki/Lintas_Rel_Terpadu" title="Lintas Rel Terpadu">lintas rel terpadu</a> yang baru. Selain itu, Astana juga mempunyai layanan <a href="/wiki/Taksi_udara" title="Taksi udara">taksi udara</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> dan sistem <a href="/wiki/Penyewaan_sepeda" title="Penyewaan sepeda">penyewaan sepeda</a> Astana yang modern. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Udara">Udara</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Udara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Udara">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandara_Internasional_Nursultan_Nazarbayev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandara Internasional Nursultan Nazarbayev (halaman belum tersedia)">Bandara Internasional Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kode_bandar_udara_IATA" title="Kode bandar udara IATA">IATA</a>: TSE, <a href="/wiki/Kode_bandar_udara_ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="Kode bandar udara ICAO">ICAO</a>: UACC), yang terletak di bagian tenggara kota dan berjarak 17 km dari pusat kota, merupakan pintu gerbang utama untuk lalu lintas udara sipil baik domestik maupun internasional.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> IBandara ini merupakan bandara tersibuk nomor dua di Kazakhstan, dengan jumlah sebesar 2,960,181 penumpang melalui bandara ini pada tahun 2014.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Bandara ini menjadi tuan rumah bagi 13 maskapai penerbangan yang mengoperasikan penerbangan penumpang reguler baik domestik maupun internasional.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_Astana" title="Air Astana">Air Astana</a> menaruh kantor pusat terbesar keduanya di bandara ini.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Diperkirakan peningkatan 50% lalu lintas penumpang pada tahun 2017 telah mendorong pembangunan terminal baru bandara ini yang luasnya sekitar 40.000 meter persegi.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kereta_api_dan_Jalan">Kereta api dan Jalan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Kereta api dan Jalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kereta api dan Jalan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Astana berada tepat di bagian tengah negara Kazakhstan, sehingga menyediakan simpul transportasi yang berposisi baik untuk jaringan rel kereta api dan otomotif.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stasiun_kereta_api_Astana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stasiun kereta api Astana (halaman belum tersedia)">Stasiun kereta api Astana</a> merupakan <a href="/wiki/Stasiun_kereta_api" title="Stasiun kereta api">stasiun kereta api</a> utama kota ini dan stasiun ini melayani lebih dari 7,000 orang setiap harinya. Stasiun kereta api yang baru, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stasiun_kereta_api_Astana_Nurly_Zhol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stasiun kereta api Astana Nurly Zhol (halaman belum tersedia)">Nurly Zhol</a> sedang berada dalam proses pembangunan saat penyelenggaraan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expo_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expo 2017 (halaman belum tersedia)">Expo 2017</a> dengan kapasitas penumpang 12,000. <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Tulpar Talgo</a> merupakan layanan harian kereta cepat dari Astana menuju kota <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Perencanaan jangka pendek meliputi pembangunan stasiun kereta api baru di distrik-distrik industri; di wilayah sekitar CHPP-3 sebuah terminal baru akan didirikan untuk gerbong kereta barang.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platform_diplomasi">Platform diplomasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Platform diplomasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Platform diplomasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kota Astana telah menjadi platform untuk pembicaraan dan konferensi tingkat tinggi mengenai isu-isu penting dunia. Astana pun telah beberapa kali menjadi tuan rumah negosiasi antara rezim <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Assad</a> dan kelompok oposisi Suriah.<a href="#cite_note-astanadiplo-63">[63]</a> Konferensi Tingkat Menteri <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia">Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia</a> (WTO) yang ke-12 akan diselenggarakan di kota ini pada tahun 2020. Sejak tahun 2003, Astana sudah menjadi tuan rumah Kongres Agama-agama Tradisional Dunia yang merupakan pertemuan antara pimpinan agama-agama di dunia yang bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan harmoni antaragama di dunia dan mengakhiri tindak ekstrimisme dan terorisme.<a href="#cite_note-vthcongress-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expo_2017">Expo 2017</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Expo 2017" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Expo 2017">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pada tanggal 1 Juli 2010, saat penyelenggaraan Majelis Umum ke-153 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biro_Pameran_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biro Pameran Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Biro Pameran Internasional</a> di Paris, perwakilan dari Astana mengajukan kotanya untuk dijadikan tuan rumah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expo_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expo 2017 (halaman belum tersedia)">Expo 2017</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BIEtheme-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-AEF1-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Konsep bangsa Kazakh untuk pameran ini berhubungan dengan dampak energi dan sosial terhadap dunia modern saat ini. Tema Expo yang diselenggarakan di Astana adalah "Energi Masa Depan (Future Energy)".<a href="#cite_note-theme-68">[68]</a> Expo 2017 membuka banyak keriuhan pada 10 Juni 2017, dengan kehadiran 17 kepala negara. Expo 2017 ini merupakan pameran dunia pertama yang diadakan di wilayah <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> dan diselenggarakan di paviliun pusatnya, yaitu Nur Alem, yang merupakan bangunan bulat terbesar di dunia. Sebanyak 2 juta pengunjung tercatat pada tanggal 7 Agustus dan lebih dari 4 juta orang dari seluruh penjuru dunia mengunjungi pameran ini. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kota_kembar">Kota kembar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Kota kembar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kota kembar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Astana_and_Nusantara_Forge_Sister_City_Cooperation_in_Historic_First.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Astana_and_Nusantara_Forge_Sister_City_Cooperation_in_Historic_First.jpg/220px-Astana_and_Nusantara_Forge_Sister_City_Cooperation_in_Historic_First.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Astana_and_Nusantara_Forge_Sister_City_Cooperation_in_Historic_First.jpg/330px-Astana_and_Nusantara_Forge_Sister_City_Cooperation_in_Historic_First.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Astana_and_Nusantara_Forge_Sister_City_Cooperation_in_Historic_First.jpg/440px-Astana_and_Nusantara_Forge_Sister_City_Cooperation_in_Historic_First.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Penandatangan kerjasama sebagai kota kembar antara kota Astana dan kota Nusantara</figcaption></figure> Kota Astana mempertahankan kemitraan resmi dengan 18 kota berbeda di dunia. Berikut adalah daftar <a href="/wiki/Kota_kembar" title="Kota kembar">kota-kota kembar</a> Astana: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18261910">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki"><img alt="Turki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, Turkey<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia"><img alt="Polandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, Poland<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia"><img alt="Rusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia"><img alt="Georgia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki"><img alt="Turki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia"><img alt="Polandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia"><img alt="Rusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina"><img alt="Filipina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan"><img alt="Korea Selatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania"><img alt="Yordania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok"><img alt="Tiongkok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, Vietnam<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia"><img alt="Rusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan"><img alt="Kirgizstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>, Kyrgyzstan<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia"><img alt="Finlandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, Finland<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis"><img alt="Prancis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia"><img alt="Kroasia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>2023 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(ibu_kota_terencana)" title="Nusantara (ibu kota terencana)">Nusantara</a> <a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628160403/https://www.stat.gov.kz/official/industry/61/statistic/6">"Salinan arsip"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stat.gov.kz/official/industry/61/statistic/6">versi asli</a> tanggal 2020-06-28. Diakses tanggal 2020-05-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinan+arsip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.kz%2Fofficial%2Findustry%2F61%2Fstatistic%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25_2-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFPospelov1993">Pospelov 1993</a>, hlm. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-stat.gov.kz-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stat.gov.kz_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat.gov.kz_3-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072319/http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT245798">"Об изменении численности населения Республики Казахстан с начала 2017 года до 1 декабря 2017 года (Citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan ... to 1 December 2017)"</a> (dalam bahasa Russian). 4 January 2018. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT245798">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 January 2018. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+2017+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BE+1+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+2017+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%28Citizenship+of+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan+...+to+1+December+2017%29&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.kz%2FgetImg%3Fid%3DESTAT245798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-informburo-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-informburo_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-informburo_4-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Жулмухаметова, Жадра (31 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116035031/https://informburo.kz/novosti/chinovniki-rabotayut-nad-tem-chtoby-umestit-v-astane-dva-milliona-chelovek.html">"Чиновники работают над тем, чтобы уместить в Астане два миллиона человек"</a> (dalam bahasa Russian). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://informburo.kz/novosti/chinovniki-rabotayut-nad-tem-chtoby-umestit-v-astane-dva-milliona-chelovek.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 November 2017. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%2C+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B+%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft.aulast=%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finformburo.kz%2Fnovosti%2Fchinovniki-rabotayut-nad-tem-chtoby-umestit-v-astane-dva-milliona-chelovek.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://postalcodedb.com/AlphabeticSearch.aspx?country=Kazakhstan&city=Astana">"Postal Code for Nursultan (Astana), Kazakhstan"</a>. Postal Codes Database. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postal+Code+for+Nursultan+%28Astana%29%2C+Kazakhstan&rft.pub=Postal+Codes+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpostalcodedb.com%2FAlphabeticSearch.aspx%3Fcountry%3DKazakhstan%26city%3DAstana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countrycallingcodes.com/country.php?country=Kazakhstan">"Kazakhstan Country Codes"</a>. CountryCallingCodes.com. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan+Country+Codes&rft.pub=CountryCallingCodes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.countrycallingcodes.com%2Fcountry.php%3Fcountry%3DKazakhstan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geonames.org/KZ/administrative-division-kazakhstan.html">"ISO Subentity Codes for Kazakhstan"</a>. GeoNames.org. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO+Subentity+Codes+for+Kazakhstan&rft.pub=GeoNames.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geonames.org%2FKZ%2Fadministrative-division-kazakhstan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-jtmodern-8"><a href="#cite_ref-jtmodern_8-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617065756/http://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/07/07/astana-a-city-of-modern-structures.html">"Astana, a city of modern structures"</a>. Jakarta Times. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/07/07/astana-a-city-of-modern-structures.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 17 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 17 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Astana%2C+a+city+of+modern+structures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Ftravel%2F2017%2F07%2F07%2Fastana-a-city-of-modern-structures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kisho-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Kisho_9-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221005957/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/08/astana-kazakhstan-space-station-steppes">"Astana, Kazakhstan: the space station in the steppes"</a>. The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/08/astana-kazakhstan-space-station-steppes">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 February 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Astana%2C+Kazakhstan%3A+the+space+station+in+the+steppes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Faug%2F08%2Fastana-kazakhstan-space-station-steppes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323131419/https://meduza.io/news/2019/03/23/novyy-prezident-kazahstana-podpisal-ukaz-o-pereimenovanii-astany-v-nur-sultan">"Новый президент Казахстана подписал указ о переименовании Астаны в Нур-Султан"</a>. meduza.io (dalam bahasa Russian). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/news/2019/03/23/novyy-prezident-kazahstana-podpisal-ukaz-o-pereimenovanii-astany-v-nur-sultan">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 March 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=meduza.io&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F23%2Fnovyy-prezident-kazahstana-podpisal-ukaz-o-pereimenovanii-astany-v-nur-sultan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323131755/https://www.rferl.org/a/it-s-official-kazakh-capital-now-called-nur-sultan/29837884.html">"It's Official: Kazakh Capital Now Called Nur-Sultan"</a>. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/it-s-official-kazakh-capital-now-called-nur-sultan/29837884.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 March 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=It%27s+Official%3A+Kazakh+Capital+Now+Called+Nur-Sultan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fit-s-official-kazakh-capital-now-called-nur-sultan%2F29837884.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323125628/http://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-pereimenovanii-goroda-astany-stolicy-respubliki-kazahstan-v-gorod-nur-sultan-stolicu-respubliki-kazahstan">"О переименовании города Астаны – столицы Республики Казахстан в город Нур-Султан – столицу Республики Казахстан – Официальный сайт Президента Республики Казахстан"</a>. Akorda.kz. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-pereimenovanii-goroda-astany-stolicy-respubliki-kazahstan-v-gorod-nur-sultan-stolicu-respubliki-kazahstan">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 March 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-03-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Akorda.kz&rft.atitle=%D0%9E+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%E2%80%93+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%E2%80%93+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%E2%80%93+%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akorda.kz%2Fru%2Flegal_acts%2Fdecrees%2Fo-pereimenovanii-goroda-astany-stolicy-respubliki-kazahstan-v-gorod-nur-sultan-stolicu-respubliki-kazahstan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Astana-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Astana_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Astana_13-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211102126/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/08/astana-kazakhstan-space-station-steppes">"Astana, Kazakhstan: the space station in the steppes"</a>. The Guardian. 8 August 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/08/astana-kazakhstan-space-station-steppes">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 20 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Astana%2C+Kazakhstan%3A+the+space+station+in+the+steppes&rft.date=2010-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Faug%2F08%2Fastana-kazakhstan-space-station-steppes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Steven Lee Myers (13 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719005212/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/world/asia/13astana.html?_r=0">"Kazakhstan's Futuristic Capital, Complete With Pyramid"</a>. The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/world/asia/13astana.html?_r=0">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 July 2016. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan%27s+Futuristic+Capital%2C+Complete+With+Pyramid&rft.date=2006-10-13&rft.au=Steven+Lee+Myers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F10%2F13%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F13astana.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009144338/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2010/aug/08/architecture-kazakhstan">"Astana, the futuristic frontier of architecture"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Astana%2C+the+futuristic+frontier+of+architecture&rft.date=2010-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2Fgallery%2F2010%2Faug%2F08%2Farchitecture-kazakhstan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Daisy Carrington (13 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009105840/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/13/world/asia/eye-on-kazakhstan-astana/index.html">"Astana: The world's weirdest capital city"</a>. CNN. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/13/world/asia/eye-on-kazakhstan-astana/index.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana%3A+The+world%27s+weirdest+capital+city&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft.au=Daisy+Carrington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2012%2F07%2F13%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Feye-on-kazakhstan-astana%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211723/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XNUMAQAAMAAJ">The Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Current Digest of the Soviet Press. 1994. hlm. 20. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XNUMAQAAMAAJ">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Current+Digest+of+the+Post-Soviet+Press&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Current+Digest+of+the+Soviet+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXNUMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Paul Brummell (7 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kazakhstanbradtt0000brum_f3z9">Kazakhstan</a>. Bradt Travel Guides; Third edition. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kazakhstanbradtt0000brum_f3z9/page/71">71</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1784770921" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1784770921">978-1784770921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides%3B+Third+edition&rft.date=2018-09-07&rft.isbn=978-1784770921&rft.au=Paul+Brummell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkazakhstanbradtt0000brum_f3z9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-The_history_of_Astana-19"><a href="#cite_ref-The_history_of_Astana_19-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007033517/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/42">"The history of Astana"</a>. Akimat of Astana. 19 January 2013. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/42">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Astana&rft.pub=Akimat+of+Astana&rft.date=2013-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastana.gov.kz%2Fen%2Fmodules%2Fmaterial%2F42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Inform-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Inform_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190320192138/https://www.inform.kz/en/parliament-approved-renaming-of-astana-as-nursultan_a3509430">"Parliament approved renaming of Astana as Nursultan"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazinform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazinform (halaman belum tersedia)">Kazinform</a>. 20 March 2019. 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Diakses tanggal 20 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliament+approved+renaming+of+Astana+as+Nursultan&rft.pub=Kazinform&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inform.kz%2Fen%2Fparliament-approved-renaming-of-astana-as-nursultan_a3509430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-DW-21"><a href="#cite_ref-DW_21-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322130343/https://www.dw.com/en/nursultan-not-astana-kazakhstan-renames-capital-to-honor-nazarbayev/a-47984590">"Nursultan, not Astana – Kazakhstan renames capital to honor Nazarbayev"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 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Diakses tanggal 23 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nursultan%2C+not+Astana+%E2%80%93+Kazakhstan+renames+capital+to+honor+Nazarbayev&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fnursultan-not-astana-kazakhstan-renames-capital-to-honor-nazarbayev%2Fa-47984590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113032320/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2009/0389/analit07.php">"Население Астаны"</a>. www.demoscope.ru. 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Diakses tanggal 2017-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.demoscope.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2F2009%2F0389%2Fanalit07.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-eurasianet.org-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eurasianet.org_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eurasianet.org_23-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013185417/http://eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav070907.shtml">"Kazakhstan's Capital Holds a Lavish Anniversary Celebration"</a>. EurasiaNet.org. 9 July 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav070907.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 October 2007. Diakses tanggal 9 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan%27s+Capital+Holds+a+Lavish+Anniversary+Celebration&rft.pub=EurasiaNet.org&rft.date=2007-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasianet.org%2Fdepartments%2Finsight%2Farticles%2Feav070907.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Kazachstan. §5. Geschiedenis". 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Diakses tanggal 2017-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.astana-hotels.net&rft.atitle=Religion+in+Astana+-+Astana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astana-hotels.net%2Fastana%2Freligion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-coldest-capital-cities-in-the-world.html">https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-coldest-capital-cities-in-the-world.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Brian White (9 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226225001/http://www.themongolist.com/blog/society/43-ulaanbaatar-is-the-coldest-capital.html">"Ulaanbaatar is the Coldest Capital"</a>. The Mongolist. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themongolist.com/blog/society/43-ulaanbaatar-is-the-coldest-capital.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ulaanbaatar+is+the+Coldest+Capital&rft.pub=The+Mongolist&rft.date=2013-01-09&rft.au=Brian+White&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themongolist.com%2Fblog%2Fsociety%2F43-ulaanbaatar-is-the-coldest-capital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Asia_Koppen_Map.png" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Asia Koppen Map.png">Updated Central, South, Southeast, and Eastern Asian and Siberian Map of the Köppen climate classification system.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-29"><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_29-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/070/c00153.htm">"World Weather Information Service – Astana"</a>. United Nations. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Astana&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F070%2Fc00153.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-30"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_30-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011222703/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/KS/35188.TXT">"Akmola (Astana) Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/KS/35188.TXT">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 October 2017. Diakses tanggal 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akmola+%28Astana%29+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration+%28NOAA%29&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_II%2FKS%2F35188.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-aifchub-31"><a href="#cite_ref-aifchub_31-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022202/https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/06/28/ms062818-kazakhstan-staff-concluding-statement-of-the-2018-article-iv-mission">"Kazakhstan: Staff Concluding Statement of the 2018 Article IV Mission"</a>. IMF. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/06/28/ms062818-kazakhstan-staff-concluding-statement-of-the-2018-article-iv-mission">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakhstan%3A+Staff+Concluding+Statement+of+the+2018+Article+IV+Mission&rft.pub=IMF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FNews%2FArticles%2F2018%2F06%2F28%2Fms062818-kazakhstan-staff-concluding-statement-of-the-2018-article-iv-mission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219114057/http://en.tengrinews.kz/politics_sub/Astana-celebrates-16th-anniversary-as-Kazakhstans-capital-254091/">"Astana celebrates 16th anniversary as Kazakhstan's capital"</a>. Tengrinews.kz. 9 July 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz/politics_sub/Astana-celebrates-16th-anniversary-as-Kazakhstans-capital-254091/">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+celebrates+16th+anniversary+as+Kazakhstan%27s+capital&rft.pub=Tengrinews.kz&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.tengrinews.kz%2Fpolitics_sub%2FAstana-celebrates-16th-anniversary-as-Kazakhstans-capital-254091%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216030904/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/291">"Over 170 thousand of people involved in small and medium enterprise in Astana"</a>. Akimat of Astana. 14 March 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/291">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Over+170+thousand+of+people+involved+in+small+and+medium+enterprise+in+Astana&rft.pub=Akimat+of+Astana&rft.date=2014-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastana.gov.kz%2Fen%2Fmodules%2Fmaterial%2F291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-sme12-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sme12_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sme12_34-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714234612/http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2796781">"Number of small and medium-sized business entities grew by 13.7% in Astana"</a>. inform.kz. 14 July 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2796781">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 July 2015. Diakses tanggal 14 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inform.kz&rft.atitle=Number+of+small+and+medium-sized+business+entities+grew+by+13.7%25+in+Astana&rft.date=2015-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inform.kz%2Feng%2Farticle%2F2796781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170105084101/http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/smart21">"The Smart21 Communities of the Year"</a>. www.intelligentcommunity.org. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/smart21">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 4 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.intelligentcommunity.org&rft.atitle=The+Smart21+Communities+of+the+Year&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intelligentcommunity.org%2Fsmart21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web">April 2019, Dilshat Zhussupova in Nur-Sultan on 26 (26 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709171720/https://astanatimes.com/2019/04/nur-sultan-launches-effort-to-attract-other-year-of-record-foreign-direct-investment-says-city-administration/">"Nur-Sultan launches effort to attract another year of record foreign direct investment, says city administration"</a>. The Astana Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astanatimes.com/2019/04/nur-sultan-launches-effort-to-attract-other-year-of-record-foreign-direct-investment-says-city-administration/">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 July 2019. Diakses tanggal 2019-07-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astana+Times&rft.atitle=Nur-Sultan+launches+effort+to+attract+another+year+of+record+foreign+direct+investment%2C+says+city+administration&rft.date=2019-04-26&rft.aulast=April+2019&rft.aufirst=Dilshat+Zhussupova+in+Nur-Sultan+on+26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastanatimes.com%2F2019%2F04%2Fnur-sultan-launches-effort-to-attract-other-year-of-record-foreign-direct-investment-says-city-administration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024141224/https://astanatimes.com/2019/10/nur-sultan-almaty-among-10-most-popular-tourist-cities-in-cis/">"Nur-Sultan, Almaty among 10 most popular tourist cities in CIS"</a>. astanatimes.com. 16 October 2019. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astanatimes.com/2019/10/nur-sultan-almaty-among-10-most-popular-tourist-cities-in-cis/">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 October 2019. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=astanatimes.com&rft.atitle=Nur-Sultan%2C+Almaty+among+10+most+popular+tourist+cities+in+CIS&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastanatimes.com%2F2019%2F10%2Fnur-sultan-almaty-among-10-most-popular-tourist-cities-in-cis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014030733/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/4216">"The number of university students in Astana increased by more than 10%"</a>. Akimat of Astana. 3 March 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/4216">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 8 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+number+of+university+students+in+Astana+increased+by+more+than+10%25&rft.pub=Akimat+of+Astana&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastana.gov.kz%2Fen%2Fmodules%2Fmaterial%2F4216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208044633/http://www.info-tses.kz/news/v-novom-uchebnom-godu-v-enu-im-l-n-gumileva-budet-obuchatsya-16-558-chelovek/"><bdi lang="ru">В новом учебном году в ЕНУ им. Л.Н. Гумилева будут обучаться 16 558 человек</bdi></a> [16 558 students will study in the new academic year at the L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University] (dalam bahasa Rusia). Info-Tses. 31 August 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.info-tses.kz/news/v-novom-uchebnom-godu-v-enu-im-l-n-gumileva-budet-obuchatsya-16-558-chelovek/">versi asli</a> tanggal 8 December 2015. Diakses tanggal 1 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%A3+%D0%B8%D0%BC.+%D0%9B.%D0%9D.+%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+16+558+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.pub=Info-Tses&rft.date=2014-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.info-tses.kz%2Fnews%2Fv-novom-uchebnom-godu-v-enu-im-l-n-gumileva-budet-obuchatsya-16-558-chelovek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143021/http://kazatu.kz/?id=684&lang=en">"History of the university"</a>. S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kazatu.kz/?id=684&lang=en">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+university&rft.pub=S.Seifullin+Kazakh+Agro+Technical+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkazatu.kz%2F%3Fid%3D684%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012055637/http://nu.edu.kz/portal/faces/mainmenu/aboutus1/historyvision1?_afrLoop=749534859761201&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=15yfkkypy0_1#%40%3F_afrWindowId%3D15yfkkypy0_1%26_afrLoop%3D749534859761201%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D15yfkkypy0_17">"History & Strategy"</a>. Nazarbayev University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nu.edu.kz/portal/faces/mainmenu/aboutus1/historyvision1?_afrLoop=749534859761201&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=15yfkkypy0_1#%40%3F_afrWindowId%3D15yfkkypy0_1%26_afrLoop%3D749534859761201%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D15yfkkypy0_17">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%26+Strategy&rft.pub=Nazarbayev+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnu.edu.kz%2Fportal%2Ffaces%2Fmainmenu%2Faboutus1%2Fhistoryvision1%3F_afrLoop%3D749534859761201%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_afrWindowId%3D15yfkkypy0_1%23%2540%253F_afrWindowId%253D15yfkkypy0_1%2526_afrLoop%253D749534859761201%2526_afrWindowMode%253D0%2526_adf.ctrl-state%253D15yfkkypy0_17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150612233800/http://www.eurashe.eu/about/members/kazuefit/">"Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade (KazUEFIT)"</a>. EURASHE.eu. 20 January 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurashe.eu/about/members/kazuefit/">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 11 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakh+University+of+Economics%2C+Finance+and+International+Trade+%28KazUEFIT%29&rft.pub=EURASHE.eu&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurashe.eu%2Fabout%2Fmembers%2Fkazuefit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011191652/http://kazguu.kz/en/university/history-of-kazguu">"History of KAZGUU"</a>. Kazakh Humanities and Law Institute. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kazguu.kz/en/university/history-of-kazguu">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+KAZGUU&rft.pub=Kazakh+Humanities+and+Law+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkazguu.kz%2Fen%2Funiversity%2Fhistory-of-kazguu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327034154/http://www.amu.kz//en/about_the_university/">"About the University"</a>. Astana Medical University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amu.kz/en/about_the_university/">versi asli</a> tanggal 27 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+University&rft.pub=Astana+Medical+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amu.kz%2Fen%2Fabout_the_university%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011184820/http://inform.kz/rus/article/2692646">"5 new schools open doors in Astana today"</a>. Kazinform. 1 September 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inform.kz/rus/article/2692646">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+new+schools+open+doors+in+Astana+today&rft.pub=Kazinform&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finform.kz%2Frus%2Farticle%2F2692646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011184552/http://inform.kz/rus/article/2684053">"13,000 to start school this year in Astana"</a>. Kazinform. 4 August 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inform.kz/rus/article/2684053">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=13%2C000+to+start+school+this+year+in+Astana&rft.pub=Kazinform&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finform.kz%2Frus%2Farticle%2F2684053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013162103/http://www.miras-astana.kz/en/about/information.php">"General information about school"</a>. Miras International School. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miras-astana.kz/en/about/information.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 8 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+information+about+school&rft.pub=Miras+International+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miras-astana.kz%2Fen%2Fabout%2Finformation.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013032051/http://nis.edu.kz/en/schools">"Intellectual schools"</a>. Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nis.edu.kz/en/schools">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intellectual+schools&rft.pub=Nazarbayev+Intellectual+Schools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnis.edu.kz%2Fen%2Fschools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204205947/http://www.qsi.org/kazakhstan/ast">"QSI International School of Astana"</a>. Quality Schools International (QSI). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qsi.org/kazakhstan/ast">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 December 2014. Diakses tanggal 28 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QSI+International+School+of+Astana&rft.pub=Quality+Schools+International+%28QSI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qsi.org%2Fkazakhstan%2Fast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Ainur Kuramyssova (17 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150223181631/http://www.astanatimes.com/2014/12/36-buses-added-astanas-popular-routes/">"36 Buses Added to Astana's Most Popular Routes"</a>. The Astana Times. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astanatimes.com/2014/12/36-buses-added-astanas-popular-routes/">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astana+Times&rft.atitle=36+Buses+Added+to+Astana%27s+Most+Popular+Routes&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft.au=Ainur+Kuramyssova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astanatimes.com%2F2014%2F12%2F36-buses-added-astanas-popular-routes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150223175643/http://www.world66.com/asia/centralasia/kazakhstan/astana/getting_around">"Astana Public Transportation"</a>. world66.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world66.com/asia/centralasia/kazakhstan/astana/getting_around">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+Public+Transportation&rft.pub=world66.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world66.com%2Fasia%2Fcentralasia%2Fkazakhstan%2Fastana%2Fgetting_around&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Yusup Khassiev (17 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150223172011/http://www.uitp.org/astana-advancing-city-modern-age">"Astana: an advancing city in the modern age"</a>. International Association of Public Transport. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uitp.org/astana-advancing-city-modern-age">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana%3A+an+advancing+city+in+the+modern+age&rft.pub=International+Association+of+Public+Transport&rft.date=2012-10-17&rft.au=Yusup+Khassiev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uitp.org%2Fastana-advancing-city-modern-age&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Dmitry Lee (20 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211062417/http://www.astanatimes.com/2015/01/astana-based-company-launches-kazakhstans-first-air-taxi-service/">"Astana-based Company Launches Kazakhstan's First Air Taxi Service"</a>. The Astana Times. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astanatimes.com/2015/01/astana-based-company-launches-kazakhstans-first-air-taxi-service//">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 17 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astana+Times&rft.atitle=Astana-based+Company+Launches+Kazakhstan%27s+First+Air+Taxi+Service&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.au=Dmitry+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astanatimes.com%2F2015%2F01%2Fastana-based-company-launches-kazakhstans-first-air-taxi-service%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222185729/http://aeroport.kz/city/astana"><bdi lang="ru">Международный аэропорт Астаны</bdi></a> [Astana International Airport] (dalam bahasa Rusia). Aeroport.kz. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aeroport.kz/city/astana">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 22 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.pub=Aeroport.kz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faeroport.kz%2Fcity%2Fastana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503083724/http://en.astanaairport.kz/?page_id=533">"Passenger traffic"</a>. Astana International Airport. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.astanaairport.kz/?page_id=533">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Passenger+traffic&rft.pub=Astana+International+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.astanaairport.kz%2F%3Fpage_id%3D533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215222209/http://en.astanaairport.kz/?page_id=581">"General information"</a>. Astana International Airport. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.astanaairport.kz/?page_id=581">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+information&rft.pub=Astana+International+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.astanaairport.kz%2F%3Fpage_id%3D581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216231827/http://en.tengrinews.kz/companies/No-Peoples-IPO-for-Air-Astana-in-near-future-Samruk-Kazyna-254903/">"No People's IPO for Air Astana in near future: Samruk Kazyna"</a>. Tengrinews.kz. 31 July 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz/companies/No-Peoples-IPO-for-Air-Astana-in-near-future-Samruk-Kazyna-254903/">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 17 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+People%27s+IPO+for+Air+Astana+in+near+future%3A+Samruk+Kazyna&rft.pub=Tengrinews.kz&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.tengrinews.kz%2Fcompanies%2FNo-Peoples-IPO-for-Air-Astana-in-near-future-Samruk-Kazyna-254903%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216002223/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/295">"Passenger traffic in Astana airport to increase to 5 million passengers a year by 2017"</a>. Akimat of Astana. 26 February 2013. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/295">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Passenger+traffic+in+Astana+airport+to+increase+to+5+million+passengers+a+year+by+2017&rft.pub=Akimat+of+Astana&rft.date=2013-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastana.gov.kz%2Fen%2Fmodules%2Fmaterial%2F295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215220311/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/6643">"New Passenger Terminal will be created after the Capitals Airport Reconstruction"</a>. Akimat of Astana. 6 November 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/6643">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Passenger+Terminal+will+be+created+after+the+Capitals+Airport+Reconstruction&rft.pub=Akimat+of+Astana&rft.date=2014-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastana.gov.kz%2Fen%2Fmodules%2Fmaterial%2F6643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215231758/http://railways.kz/en/node/2210">""Astana" station"</a>. Kazakhstan Temir Zholy. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://railways.kz/en/node/2210">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Astana%22+station&rft.pub=Kazakhstan+Temir+Zholy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frailways.kz%2Fen%2Fnode%2F2210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202105349/http://en.tengrinews.kz/industry_infrastructure/Kazakh-Spanish-trains-to-become-more-comfortable-258609/">"Kazakh-Spanish trains to become more comfortable"</a>. Tengrinews.kz. 28 January 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz/industry_infrastructure/Kazakh-Spanish-trains-to-become-more-comfortable-258609/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kazakh-Spanish+trains+to+become+more+comfortable&rft.pub=Tengrinews.kz&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.tengrinews.kz%2Findustry_infrastructure%2FKazakh-Spanish-trains-to-become-more-comfortable-258609%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404015951/http://en.tengrinews.kz/industry_infrastructure/Astana-will-construct-new-railroad-station-for-EXPO-2017-16094/">"Astana will construct new railroad station for EXPO-2017"</a>. Tengrinews.kz. 17 January 2013. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz/industry_infrastructure/Astana-will-construct-new-railroad-station-for-EXPO-2017-16094/">versi asli</a> tanggal 4 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+will+construct+new+railroad+station+for+EXPO-2017&rft.pub=Tengrinews.kz&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.tengrinews.kz%2Findustry_infrastructure%2FAstana-will-construct-new-railroad-station-for-EXPO-2017-16094%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-astanadiplo-63"><a href="#cite_ref-astanadiplo_63-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629023120/https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2018/06/08/kazakhstans-new-capital-is-growing-up-quick/2/#78fabb225192">"Kazakhstan's New Capital Is Growing Up Quick"</a>. Forbes. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2018/06/08/kazakhstans-new-capital-is-growing-up-quick/2/#78fabb225192">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan%27s+New+Capital+Is+Growing+Up+Quick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Farielcohen%2F2018%2F06%2F08%2Fkazakhstans-new-capital-is-growing-up-quick%2F2%2F%2378fabb225192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-vthcongress-64"><a href="#cite_ref-vthcongress_64-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629021937/https://en.unesco.org/events/vth-congress-leaders-world-and-traditional-religions">"Vth Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions"</a>. UNESCO. 27 July 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/events/vth-congress-leaders-world-and-traditional-religions">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vth+Congress+of+Leaders+of+World+and+Traditional+Religions&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fevents%2Fvth-congress-leaders-world-and-traditional-religions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-BIEtheme-65"><a href="#cite_ref-BIEtheme_65-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811091823/http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/expos/upcoming-expos/expo-astana-2017/future-energy-solutions-for-tackling-mankind-s-greatest-challenge">"Future energy – solutions for tackling mankind's greatest challenge"</a>. BIE. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/expos/upcoming-expos/expo-astana-2017/future-energy-solutions-for-tackling-mankind-s-greatest-challenge">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Future+energy+%E2%80%93+solutions+for+tackling+mankind%27s+greatest+challenge&rft.pub=BIE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bie-paris.org%2Fsite%2Fen%2Fexpos%2Fupcoming-expos%2Fexpo-astana-2017%2Ffuture-energy-solutions-for-tackling-mankind-s-greatest-challenge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-AEF1-66"><a href="#cite_ref-AEF1_66-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723115354/http://blog.astanaforum.org/en/expo-2017-future-energy-and-its-impact-in-our-lives">"Expo2017: Future Energy and Impact on our Lives"</a>. Astana Economic Forum. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.astanaforum.org/en/expo-2017-future-energy-and-its-impact-in-our-lives">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expo2017%3A+Future+Energy+and+Impact+on+our+Lives&rft.pub=Astana+Economic+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.astanaforum.org%2Fen%2Fexpo-2017-future-energy-and-its-impact-in-our-lives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505194547/https://expo2017astana.com/en/energy/zamyisel-proekta">"Vision"</a>. expo2017astana.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expo2017astana.com/en/energy/zamyisel-proekta">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=expo2017astana.com&rft.atitle=Vision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpo2017astana.com%2Fen%2Fenergy%2Fzamyisel-proekta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-theme-68"><a href="#cite_ref-theme_68-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708233411/http://apcoworldwide.com/news/detail/2016/11/16/u.s.-government-partners-with-businesses-to-showcase-american-energy-innovation-at-expo-2017">"APCO Worldwide to Drive Energy Innovation Future as Chief Organizing Partner for USA Pavilion at Expo 2017"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apcoworldwide.com/news/detail/2016/11/16/u.s.-government-partners-with-businesses-to-showcase-american-energy-innovation-at-expo-2017">versi asli</a> tanggal 8 July 2017. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APCO+Worldwide+to+Drive+Energy+Innovation+Future+as+Chief+Organizing+Partner+for+USA+Pavilion+at+Expo+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apcoworldwide.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F2016%2F11%2F16%2Fu.s.-government-partners-with-businesses-to-showcase-american-energy-innovation-at-expo-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403055053/http://kazakhstan.orexca.com/astana_kazakhstan.shtml">"Astana city"</a>. OrexCa. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kazakhstan.orexca.com/astana_kazakhstan.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 April 2016. Diakses tanggal 3 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+city&rft.pub=OrexCa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kazakhstan.orexca.com%2Fastana_kazakhstan.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016070152/http://www.gdansk.pl/en/about,2,15.html">"Partner Cities"</a>. Gdańsk Official Website. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gdansk.pl/en/about,2,15.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partner+Cities&rft.pub=Gda%C5%84sk+Official+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gdansk.pl%2Fen%2Fabout%2C2%2C15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141115005856/http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2655204">"Saint Petersburg to welcome Days of Astana Culture"</a>. Kazinform. 5 May 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2655204">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Petersburg+to+welcome+Days+of+Astana+Culture&rft.pub=Kazinform&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inform.kz%2Feng%2Farticle%2F2655204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724120155/http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=4571">"Tbilisi Sister Cities"</a>. Tbilisi Municipal Portal. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=4571">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 July 2013. Diakses tanggal 5 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tbilisi+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Tbilisi+Municipal+Portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbilisi.gov.ge%2Findex.php%3Flang_id%3DENG%26sec_id%3D4571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111111021253/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_today/Riga_pasaule/sadraudz_pilsetas.htm">"Riga's Twin Cities"</a>. Municipal Portal of Riga. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Riga_today/Riga_pasaule/sadraudz_pilsetas.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riga%27s+Twin+Cities&rft.pub=Municipal+Portal+of+Riga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riga.lv%2FEN%2FChannels%2FRiga_today%2FRiga_pasaule%2Fsadraudz_pilsetas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609230147/http://www.ankara.bel.tr/en/foreign-relations-department/sister-cities-of-ankara">"Sister Cities of Ankara"</a>. Greater Municipality of Ankara. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ankara.bel.tr/en/foreign-relations-department/sister-cities-of-ankara">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities+of+Ankara&rft.pub=Greater+Municipality+of+Ankara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ankara.bel.tr%2Fen%2Fforeign-relations-department%2Fsister-cities-of-ankara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015042138/http://www.um.warszawa.pl/en/node/2920?page=0,0">"Miasta partnerskie Warszawy"</a> [Twin cities of Warsaw] (dalam bahasa Polski). City of Warsaw. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.um.warszawa.pl/en/node/2920?page=0,0">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miasta+partnerskie+Warszawy&rft.pub=City+of+Warsaw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.warszawa.pl%2Fen%2Fnode%2F2920%3Fpage%3D0%2C0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (11 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522233535/http://iad.bangkok.go.th/sites/default/files/Astana.pdf">"Agreement on establishment of bilateral relations between the Akimat of Astana City of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the City of Bangkok of Kingdom Thailand"</a> (PDF). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iad.bangkok.go.th/sites/default/files/Astana.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 22 May 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agreement+on+establishment+of+bilateral+relations+between+the+Akimat+of+Astana+City+of+the+Republic+of+Kazakhstan+and+the+City+of+Bangkok+of+Kingdom+Thailand&rft.date=2004-06-11&rft.au=Bangkok+Metropolitan+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiad.bangkok.go.th%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FAstana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Rafik Valiev (18 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501060407/http://vechastana.kz/sotsium/astana-kazan-desyatiletie-pobratimstva/"><bdi lang="ru">10 лет исполнится побратимству городов Астаны и Казани</bdi></a> [Astana and Kazan celebrates 10-years anniversary of sister cities status] (dalam bahasa Rusia). VechAstana.kz. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vechastana.kz/sotsium/astana-kazan-desyatiletie-pobratimstva/">versi asli</a> tanggal 1 May 2015. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.pub=VechAstana.kz&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft.au=Rafik+Valiev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvechastana.kz%2Fsotsium%2Fastana-kazan-desyatiletie-pobratimstva%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611173109/http://manila.gov.ph/government/">"About Manila: Sister Cities"</a>. City of Manila. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manila.gov.ph/government/">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 2 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Manila%3A+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Manila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanila.gov.ph%2Fgovernment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html">"International Cooperation: Sister Cities"</a>. Seoul Metropolitan Government. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 December 2007. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Cooperation%3A+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Seoul+Metropolitan+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.seoul.go.kr%2Fgover%2Fcooper%2Fcoo_02sis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/en/gam/a1.asp">"Twin City Agreement"</a>. Greater Amman Municipality. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+City+Agreement&rft.pub=Greater+Amman+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ammancity.gov.jo%2Fen%2Fgam%2Fa1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati">pranala nonaktif permanen</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818133858/http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/">"Sister Cities"</a>. Beijing Government. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 August 2012. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities&rft.pub=Beijing+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebeijing.gov.cn%2FSister_Cities%2FSister_City%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Ilia Lobster (9 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150309233241/http://kazpravda.softdeco.net/c/1253012746">"Astana-Hanoi: horizons of cooperation"</a>. KazPravda.kz. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kazpravda.softdeco.net/c/1253012746">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana-Hanoi%3A+horizons+of+cooperation&rft.pub=KazPravda.kz&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft.au=Ilia+Lobster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkazpravda.softdeco.net%2Fc%2F1253012746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016020621/http://ufacity.info/eng/press/news/150296.html">"Ufa and Astana Signed Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation"</a>. Ufa City Municipality. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ufacity.info/eng/press/news/150296.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ufa+and+Astana+Signed+Agreement+on+Friendship+and+Cooperation&rft.pub=Ufa+City+Municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fufacity.info%2Feng%2Fpress%2Fnews%2F150296.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216192321/http://meria.kg/index.php?option=com_newscatalog&view=article&id=1511&Itemid=339&lang=kg"><bdi lang="ru">Бишкек и Астана — города-побратимы</bdi></a> [Bishkek and Astana — Sister Cities] (dalam bahasa Rusia). Official website of City Hall of Bishkek. 12 September 2011. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meria.kg/index.php?option=com_newscatalog&view=article&id=1511&Itemid=339&lang=kg">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BA+%D0%B8+%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%E2%80%94+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B&rft.pub=Official+website+of+City+Hall+of+Bishkek&rft.date=2011-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeria.kg%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_newscatalog%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1511%26Itemid%3D339%26lang%3Dkg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215030839/http://en.tengrinews.kz/politics_sub/Astana-and-Finnish-Oulu-become-twin-cities-18692/">"Astana and Finnish Oulu become twin-cities"</a>. Tengrinews.kz. 19 April 2013. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tengrinews.kz/politics_sub/Astana-and-Finnish-Oulu-become-twin-cities-18692/">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 December 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+and+Finnish+Oulu+become+twin-cities&rft.pub=Tengrinews.kz&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.tengrinews.kz%2Fpolitics_sub%2FAstana-and-Finnish-Oulu-become-twin-cities-18692%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015024605/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/1647">"Astana and Nice established twin relations"</a>. Akimat of Astana. 5 July 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/1647">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+and+Nice+established+twin+relations&rft.pub=Akimat+of+Astana&rft.date=2014-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastana.gov.kz%2Fen%2Fmodules%2Fmaterial%2F1647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015024125/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/5428">"Declaration of intent signed by Akim of Astana and Mayor of Croatias capital"</a>. Akimat of Astana. 4 July 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/5428">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Declaration+of+intent+signed+by+Akim+of+Astana+and+Mayor+of+Croatias+capital&rft.pub=Akimat+of+Astana&rft.date=2014-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastana.gov.kz%2Fen%2Fmodules%2Fmaterial%2F5428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kaltim.antaranews.com/berita/187284/ikn-nusantara-jadi-kota-kembar-dengan-astana-kazakhstan">"IKN Nusantara jadi kota kembar dengan Astana Kazakhstan"</a>. antaranews.com. 2023. Diakses tanggal 17 Agustus 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=antaranews.com&rft.atitle=IKN+Nusantara+jadi+kota+kembar+dengan+Astana+Kazakhstan&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkaltim.antaranews.com%2Fberita%2F187284%2Fikn-nusantara-jadi-kota-kembar-dengan-astana-kazakhstan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAstana" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.astana.kz/">City of Astana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328171824/http://en.astana.kz/">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-03-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Situs Resmi</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astanahaber.kz/">Astana Haber</a> Berita harian dalam bahasa Turki</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astanaairport.kz/">Astana International Airport</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113013523/http://www.astanaairport.kz/">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-01-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Situs remis)</li> <li>(Jerman) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kasachstanprojekt.de/">Astana Research Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217162429/http://www.kasachstanprojekt.de/">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-12-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iastana.com/">Travel to Astana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astanamap.narod.ru/">City map for GPS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capitalkz.com/">AstanA view: photo from Central Asia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201101026/http://capitalkz.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-02-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Kazakhstan (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kota_di_Kazakhstan&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kota_di_Kazakhstan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Kazakhstan" title="Daftar kota di Kazakhstan">Kota di Kazakhstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ibu kota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_(1992-2014).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kazakhstan"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_%281992-2014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kota lainya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktau (halaman belum tersedia)">Aktau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktobe" title="Aktobe">Aktobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkalyk" title="Arkalyk">Arkalyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atyrau" title="Atyrau">Atyrau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur" class="mw-redirect" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkhash_(kota)" title="Balkhash (kota)">Balkhash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekibastuz" title="Ekibastuz">Ekibastuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezkazgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezkazgan">Jezkazgan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapchagay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapchagay (halaman belum tersedia)">Kapchagay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaganda">Karaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentau" title="Kentau">Kentau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokshetau" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokshetau">Kokshetau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostanay" title="Kostanay">Kostanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyzylorda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyzylorda">Kyzylorda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral,_Kazakhstan" title="Oral, Kazakhstan">Oral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oskemen">Oskemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlodar" title="Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petropavl" title="Petropavl">Petropavl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridder,_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridder, Kazakhstan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ridder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saran,_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saran, Kazakhstan (halaman belum tersedia)">Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satbayev_(kota)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satbayev (kota) (halaman belum tersedia)">Satbayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semey" title="Semey">Semey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shymkent" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stepnogorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stepnogorsk (halaman belum tersedia)">Stepnogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taldykorgan" title="Taldykorgan">Taldykorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraz" title="Taraz">Taraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temirtau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temirtau (halaman belum tersedia)">Temirtau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_(kota)" title="Turkistan (kota)">Turkistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhanaozen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhanaozen (halaman belum tersedia)">Zhanaozen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinsi_di_Kazakhstan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kazakhstan&#124;link=Kazakhstan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kazakhstan" title="Templat:Kazakhstan"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kazakhstan (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kazakhstan&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinsi_di_Kazakhstan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kazakhstan&#124;link=Kazakhstan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_provinsi_di_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar provinsi di Kazakhstan">Provinsi</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinsi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Abai" title="Provinsi Abai">Abai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Akmola" title="Provinsi Akmola">Akmola</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Aktobe" title="Provinsi Aktobe">Aktobe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Almaty" title="Provinsi Almaty">Almaty</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Atyrau" title="Provinsi Atyrau">Atyrau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Jetisu" title="Provinsi Jetisu">Jetisu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Karaganda" title="Provinsi Karaganda">Karaganda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kazakhstan_Barat" title="Provinsi Kazakhstan Barat">Kazakhstan Barat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kazakhstan_Timur" title="Provinsi Kazakhstan Timur">Kazakhstan Timur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kazakhstan_Utara" title="Provinsi Kazakhstan Utara">Kazakhstan Utara</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kostanay" title="Provinsi Kostanay">Kostanay</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kyzylorda" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Kyzylorda">Kyzylorda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Mangystau" title="Provinsi Mangystau">Mangystau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pavlodar" title="Provinsi Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Turkistan" title="Provinsi Turkistan">Turkistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Ulytau" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Ulytau">Ulytau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Zhambyl" title="Provinsi Zhambyl">Zhambyl</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Baykonur" title="Baykonur">Baykonur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Shymkent" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ibu_kota_negara_di_Eropa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ibu_kota_di_Eropa" title="Templat:Ibu kota di Eropa"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Ibu_kota_di_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ibu kota di Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ibu_kota_di_Eropa&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ibu_kota_negara_di_Eropa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a> <a href="/wiki/Negara" title="Negara">negara</a> di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eropa_Timur" title="Eropa Timur">Eropa Timur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>† · <a href="/wiki/Bukares" title="Bukares">Bukares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kishinev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishinev">Kishinev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moskwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskwa">Moskwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>† · <a href="/wiki/Nursultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursultan">Nursultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>† · <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(negara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (negara)">Georgia</a>† · <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>‡</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eropa_Utara" title="Eropa Utara">Eropa Utara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Faroe" title="Kepulauan Faroe">Kepulauan Faroe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>UE</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eropa_Selatan" title="Eropa Selatan">Eropa Selatan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>† · <a href="/wiki/Athena_(kota)" title="Athena (kota)">Athena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Beograd" title="Beograd">Beograd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nikosia" title="Nikosia">Nikosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a>‡UE · <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/San_Marino_(kota)" title="San Marino (kota)">San Marino</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Kota Vatikan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a>UE</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eropa_Barat" title="Eropa Barat">Eropa Barat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brussel_(kota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussel (kota)">Brussel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Pulau_Man" title="Douglas, Pulau Man">Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Man" title="Pulau Man">Pulau Man</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia">Irlandia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa">Lisboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg_(kota)" title="Luksemburg (kota)">Luksemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier,_Jersey" title="Saint Helier, Jersey">Saint Helier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> · <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">St. Peter Port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eropa_Tengah" title="Eropa Tengah">Eropa Tengah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Praha" title="Praha">Praha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Ceko" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Ceko">Republik Ceko</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Warsawa" title="Warsawa">Warsawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a>UE · <a href="/wiki/Wina" title="Wina">Wina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>UE</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>† Negara <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>, ‡ Keseluruhannya di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat_Daya" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Barat Daya">Asia Barat Daya</a> tapi memiliki hubungan sosial-politik dengan Eropa, UE <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_anggota_Uni_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar negara anggota Uni Eropa">negara anggota Uni Eropa</a> cetak miring <a href="/wiki/Dependensi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependensi">ibu kota wilayah dependensi</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ibu_kota_di_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ibu_kota_di_Asia" title="Templat:Ibu kota di Asia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Ibu_kota_di_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ibu kota di Asia (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ibu_kota_di_Asia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ibu_kota_di_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a> di <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_dependensi" title="Wilayah dependensi">Wilayah dependensi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_dengan_pengakuan_terbatas" title="Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas">negara dengan pengakuan terbatas</a> diketik miring</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">Asia Utara</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Asia Selatan</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Asia Tenggara</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Asia Barat</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moskwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskwa">Moskwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;">Asia Tengah</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan">Kirgizstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;">Asia Timur</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/RRC" class="mw-redirect" title="RRC">RRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> (RRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makau" title="Makau">Makau</a> (RRC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camp_Justice_(Diego_Garcia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camp Justice (Diego Garcia) (halaman belum tersedia)">Camp Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom">BR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maladewa" title="Maladewa">Maladewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam" title="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Teluk Ikan Terbang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Natal" title="Pulau Natal">Pulau Natal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Panjang,_Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Pulau Panjang, Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Pulau Panjang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_dan_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri dan Dhekelia">Akrotiri dan Dhekelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom">BR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerusalem_Barat" title="Yerusalem Barat">Yerusalem Barat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (de facto)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Kuwait" title="Kota Kuwait">Kota Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manama" class="mw-redirect" title="Manama">Manama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muskat" title="Muskat">Muskat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikosia" title="Nikosia">Nikosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikosia_Utara" title="Nikosia Utara">Nikosia Utara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siprus_Utara" title="Siprus Utara">Siprus Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> (de facto) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>* Diperselisihkan. Lihat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Status_Yerusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Status Yerusalem (halaman belum tersedia)">Status Yerusalem</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Status_politik_Taiwan" title="Status politik Taiwan">Status politik Taiwan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4449241-8">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124517895">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/124517895">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16944322g">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16944322g">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=44495">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n98095393">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge578903&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=001053053&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000727588&local_base=nsk10">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810628488205606">Polandia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1285922/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/fdae6cdd-ce2e-4634-be88-ca56d6a081f2">area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/160244293">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/astana">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astana&oldid=26390318">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astana&oldid=26390318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kota_di_Kazakhstan" title="Kategori:Kota di Kazakhstan">Kota di Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Astana" title="Kategori:Astana">Astana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ibu_kota_negara_di_Eropa" title="Kategori:Ibu kota negara di Eropa">Ibu kota negara di Eropa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ibu_kota_terencana" title="Kategori:Ibu kota terencana">Ibu kota terencana</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Kategori:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_argumen_formatnum_non-numerik" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan argumen formatnum non-numerik">Halaman dengan argumen formatnum non-numerik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_menggunakan_skrip_berbahasa_Rusia_(ru)" title="Kategori:CS1 menggunakan skrip berbahasa Rusia (ru)">CS1 menggunakan skrip berbahasa Rusia (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Rusia_(ru)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Rusia (ru)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Rusia (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Polski_(pl)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Polski (pl)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Polski (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif</a></li><li><a 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