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Fondée en 1822 par l'installation d'un premier groupe d'esclaves libérés (les settlers américains), elle n'a connu qu'une croissance tardive ; de 45 000 habitants en 1956 elle est passée à 100 000 en 1967 et 208 600 en..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/monrovia/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="MONROVIA" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Capitale du Liberia , Monrovia est la seule grande ville du pays. Fondée en 1822 par l'installation d'un premier groupe d'esclaves libérés (les settlers américains), elle n'a connu qu'une croissance tardive ; de 45 000 habitants en 1956 elle est passée à 100 000 en 1967 et 208 600 en..." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@universalisfr" /> <meta name="location" content="France" /> <meta name="rating" content="General" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="resource-type" content="document" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© Copyright 2024 - Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_shared/pub/pub.css?1737972863" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/home.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/classification.css?1737986363" media="all"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/monrovia/" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"MONROVIA","headline":"MONROVIA","description":"Capitale du Liberia , Monrovia est la seule grande ville du pays. Fond\u00e9e en 1822 par l'installation d'un premier groupe d'esclaves lib\u00e9r\u00e9s (les settlers am\u00e9ricains), elle n'a connu qu'une croissance tardive\u00a0; de 45\u2005000 habitants en 1956 elle est pass\u00e9e \u00e0 100\u2005000 en 1967 et 208\u2005600 en 1978. On ne conna\u00eet pas le chiffre de sa population \u00e0 la suite de la guerre civile de 1990 \u00e0 2005. Le moteur de cette croissance a \u00e9t\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d'un port franc.. Le site de l'agglom\u00e9ration est une \u00e9troite bande sableuse isol\u00e9e de l'int\u00e9rieur par la mangrove et soumis \u00e0 une tr\u00e8s forte pluviom\u00e9trie (4,9 m\/an). 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mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT301156_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT301156_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="AT011303" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy media-atlas" title="Média : Liberia : carte administrative" href="/media/liberia-carte-administrative-at011303/"><img id="AT011303" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/7/csm_at011303_635d862480.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Liberia : carte administrative - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Carte administrative du Liberia." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1811" height="2000" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Liberia : carte administrative </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p></figcaption></figure></div><p> Capitale du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Petit pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, le Liberia doit sa triste notoriété sur la scène internationale à la guerre civile qui l'a ravagé près de quinze ans durant et dont il a commencé à se relever en 2005 seulement, grâce notamment à l'élection à la présidence de la République d' Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf , première femme élue chef d'État en Afrique. Porteuse d'espoir, l'élection d..." title="Article : LIBERIA" href="/encyclopedie/liberia/">Liberia</a>, Monrovia est la seule grande ville du pays. Fondée en 1822 par l'installation d'un premier groupe d'esclaves libérés (les settlers américains), elle n'a connu qu'une croissance tardive ; de 45 000 habitants en 1956 elle est passée à 100 000 en 1967 et 208 600 en 1978. On ne connaît pas le chiffre de sa population à la suite de la guerre civile de 1990 à 2005. Le moteur de cette croissance a été la création d'un port franc.</p><p>Le site de l'agglomération est une étroite bande sableuse isolée de l'intérieur par la mangrove et soumis à une très forte pluviométrie (4,9 m/an). Elle s'étire sur une quinzaine de kilomètres, de part et d'autre du noyau commercial localisé au cap Mesurado, paysage typiquement vieux-colonial d'où émergent quelques rares constructions modernes. Au nord, Bushrod Island regroupe port, établissements industriels (raffineries de pétrole, industrie pharmaceutique, textile, brasserie, scieries), et quartiers pauvres : Logan Town, New <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Établis dans tous les ports entre Dakar au Sénégal et Douala au Cameroun , les Kru forment les équipages de nombreux navires et ont la réputation d'être d'excellents marins ; de là le fait que leur économie repose autant sur les produits de la pêche que sur la culture du riz et celle du manioc.. L'origine des Kru est mal connue. Ils se sont installés progressivement, du xv e au xvii..." title="Article : KRU" href="/encyclopedie/kru/">Kru</a> Town, entre autres. Vers l'est s'est formé un quartier résidentiel plus aisé, celui de Sinkor, et la zone bâtie se prolonge jusqu'à Congo Town. L'aéroport international de Roberts est à 60 kilomètres. La ville a souffert de la guerre civile, elle est devenue un centre d'accueil des réfugiés. De nombreux bâtiments et installations industrielles ont été détruits.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Pierre VENNETIER</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" 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data-dc-subject="Liberia, géographie"> <a title="Classification : Liberia, géographie" href="/classification/geographie/geographie-par-pays/geographie-de-l-afrique/liberia-geographie/"> Liberia, géographie </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire par régions et pays" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/"> Histoire par régions et pays </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire de l'Afrique" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/histoire-de-l-afrique/"> Histoire de l'Afrique </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire de l'Afrique subsaharienne" 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Villes d'Afrique </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yT301156_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Média</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="AT011303" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy media-atlas" title="Média : Liberia : carte administrative" href="/media/liberia-carte-administrative-at011303/"> <img id="AT011303" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/7/csm_at011303_635d862480.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Liberia : carte administrative - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Carte administrative du Liberia." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1811" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Liberia : carte administrative </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT301156_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/liberia/#c34967"> <span class="rg">LIBERIA</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> et <span rel="author">René OTAYEK</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 484 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : LIBERIA" href="/encyclopedie/liberia/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Liberia : carte physique - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/2/csm_at011304_5088e5599e.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...distinguer : une bande côtière de 20 à 30 kilomètres de largeur, succession de lagunes entrecoupées de promontoires rocheux, dont <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Capitale législative de l’Afrique du Sud, Le Cap a été fondée en 1652 par la Compagnie hollandaise des Indes orientales pour servir de point de ravitaillement sur la route des Indes. Qualifiée de « ville mère » par les Afrikaners, elle est ensuite devenue le point d'entrée en Afrique australe des colons hollandais. Un des plus beaux sites urbains du monde sur la péninsule du ca..." title="Article : LE CAP" href="/encyclopedie/le-cap/">le cap</a> Mesurado qui abrite la capitale, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Capitale du Liberia , Monrovia est la seule grande ville du pays. Fondée en 1822 par l'installation d'un premier groupe d'esclaves libérés (les settlers américains), elle n'a connu qu'une croissance tardive ; de 45 000 habitants en 1956 elle est passée à 100 000 en 1967 et 208 600 en 1978. On ne connaît pas le chiffre de sa population à la suite de la guerre civile de 1990 à 2005...." title="Article : MONROVIA" href="/encyclopedie/monrovia/">Monrovia</a>, en grande partie détruite par la guerre ; une zone de bush faite de collines, relativement propices aux cultures ; un arrière-pays... </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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