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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="অগ্ন্যাশয় পলিপেপটাইড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অগ্ন্যাশয় পলিপেপটাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankreasni_polipeptid" title="Pankreasni polipeptid – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pankreasni polipeptid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankreatick%C3%BD_polypeptid" title="Pankreatický polypeptid – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pankreatický polypeptid" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankreatisches_Hormon" title="Pankreatisches Hormon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pankreatisches Hormon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%95%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%95%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%B0" title="ޕެންކްރިއެޓިކް ޕޮލިޕެޕްޓައިޑް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕެންކްރިއެޓިކް ޕޮލިޕެޕްޓައިޑް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polip%C3%A9ptido_pancre%C3%A1tico" title="Polipéptido pancreático – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polipéptido pancreático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="پلی‌پپتید پانکراسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلی‌پپتید پانکراسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptide_pancr%C3%A9atique" title="Polypeptide pancréatique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polypeptide pancréatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polip%C3%A9ptido_pancre%C3%A1tico" title="Polipéptido pancreático – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polipéptido pancreático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polipeptide_pancreatico" title="Polipeptide pancreatico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polipeptide pancreatico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polipept%C3%ADdeo_pancre%C3%A1tico" title="Polipeptídeo pancreático – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polipeptídeo pancreático" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polipeptid_pancreatic" title="Polipeptid pancreatic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polipeptid pancreatic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Панкреатический полипептид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панкреатический полипептид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankreasni_polipeptid" title="Pankreasni polipeptid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pankreasni polipeptid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankreasni_polipeptid" title="Pankreasni polipeptid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pankreasni polipeptid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="கணையப் பல்புரதக்கூறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கணையப் பல்புரதக்கூறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Pancreatic polypeptide</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pancreatic_hormone_1TZ5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pancreatic_hormone_1TZ5.png/220px-Pancreatic_hormone_1TZ5.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pancreatic_hormone_1TZ5.png/330px-Pancreatic_hormone_1TZ5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pancreatic_hormone_1TZ5.png/440px-Pancreatic_hormone_1TZ5.png 2x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="1397" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">PPY</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information#Gene" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI gene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=5539&rn=1">5539</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:9327">9327</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/167780">167780</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_002722">NM_002722</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01298">P01298</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Other data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Locus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_17_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 17 (human)">Chr. 17</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&search=17p11.1">p11.1-qter</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search for</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P01298">Swiss-model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Domains</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P01298">InterPro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PancreaticPolypeptide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PancreaticPolypeptide.jpg/220px-PancreaticPolypeptide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PancreaticPolypeptide.jpg/330px-PancreaticPolypeptide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PancreaticPolypeptide.jpg/440px-PancreaticPolypeptide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>IHC for Pancreatic polypeptide in a mouse pancreas, 200×</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pancreatic polypeptide</b> (<b>PP</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Polypeptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypeptide">polypeptide</a> secreted by <a href="/wiki/PP_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="PP cell">PP cells</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_pancreas" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine pancreas">endocrine pancreas</a> predominantly in the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_pancreas" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the pancreas">head of the pancreas</a>. It consists of 36 <a href="/wiki/Amino_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acids">amino acids</a> and has molecular weight about 4200 <a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">Da</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The function of PP is to self-regulate pancreatic secretion activities (endocrine and exocrine); it also has effects on hepatic <a href="/wiki/Glycogen" title="Glycogen">glycogen</a> levels and gastrointestinal secretions. </p><p>Its secretion in humans is increased after a protein meal, <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a>, exercise, and acute <a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">hypoglycemia</a> and is decreased by <a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">somatostatin</a> and intravenous <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>. </p><p>Plasma PP has been shown to be reduced in conditions associated with increased food intake and elevated in <a href="/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa" title="Anorexia nervosa">anorexia nervosa</a>. In addition, peripheral administration of PP has been shown to decrease food intake in rodents.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12915697_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12915697-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PP is secreted by PP pancreatic cells of <a href="/wiki/Langerhans_islets" class="mw-redirect" title="Langerhans islets">Langerhans islets</a>. It stimulates the gastric juice secretion, but inhibits the gastric secretion induced by pentagastrine. It is the antagonist of <a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">cholecystokinin</a> and inhibits the pancreatic secretion which is stimulated by cholecystokinin. On fasting, PP seric concentration is 80 pg/ml; after the meal, it rises up from 8 to 10 times more; glucose and fats also induce PP's level increase, but on parenteral introduction of those substances, the level of hormones doesn't change. The administration of <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">atropine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vagotomy" title="Vagotomy">vagotomy</a>, blocks the PP's after-meal secretion. The excitation of the <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">vagus nerve</a>, the administration of <a href="/wiki/Gastrin" title="Gastrin">gastrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">secretin</a> or cholecystokinin induce PP secretion. </p><p>The augmentation of PP secretion has been observed in hormonal-active pancreatic tumors (<a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucagon" title="Glucagon">glucagon</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Verner-Morrison_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner-Morrison syndrome">Verner-Morrison syndrome</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Gastrinoma" title="Gastrinoma">gastrinomas</a>. </p><p>The <b>PPY</b> gene encodes an unusually short protein precursor that is cleaved to produce PP, as well as <b>pancreatic icosapeptide</b> and a 5- to 7- amino-acid oligopeptide.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polypeptide-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypeptide-p">Polypeptide-p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">Pancreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_cell_types_derived_from_the_germ_layers" title="List of human cell types derived from the germ layers">List of human cell types derived from the germ layers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLonovicsDevittWatsonRayford1981" class="citation journal cs1">Lonovics J, Devitt P, Watson LC, Rayford PL, Thompson JC (Oct 1981). "Pancreatic polypeptide". <i>Arch. Surg</i>. <b>116</b> (10): 1256–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchsurg.1981.01380220010002">10.1001/archsurg.1981.01380220010002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7025798">7025798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arch.+Surg.&rft.atitle=Pancreatic+polypeptide&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1256-64&rft.date=1981-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchsurg.1981.01380220010002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7025798&rft.aulast=Lonovics&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Devitt%2C+P&rft.au=Watson%2C+LC&rft.au=Rayford%2C+PL&rft.au=Thompson%2C+JC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancreatic+polypeptide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12915697-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12915697_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatterhamLe_RouxCohenPark2003" class="citation journal cs1">Batterham, RL; Le Roux, CW; Cohen, MA; Park, AJ; Ellis, SM; Patterson, M; Frost, GS; Ghatei, MA; Bloom, SR (Aug 2003). "Pancreatic polypeptide reduces appetite and food intake in humans". <i>The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism</i>. <b>88</b> (8): 3989–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fjc.2003-030630">10.1210/jc.2003-030630</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12915697">12915697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Clinical+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Pancreatic+polypeptide+reduces+appetite+and+food+intake+in+humans&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=3989-92&rft.date=2003-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1210%2Fjc.2003-030630&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12915697&rft.aulast=Batterham&rft.aufirst=RL&rft.au=Le+Roux%2C+CW&rft.au=Cohen%2C+MA&rft.au=Park%2C+AJ&rft.au=Ellis%2C+SM&rft.au=Patterson%2C+M&rft.au=Frost%2C+GS&rft.au=Ghatei%2C+MA&rft.au=Bloom%2C+SR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancreatic+polypeptide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoelSchwartzNorrisFiil1984" class="citation journal cs1">Boel, E.; Schwartz, T. W.; Norris, K. E.; Fiil, N. P. (April 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC557446">"A cDNA encoding a small common precursor for human pancreatic polypeptide and pancreatic icosapeptide"</a>. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 909–912. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC557446">557446</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6373251">6373251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Journal&rft.atitle=A+cDNA+encoding+a+small+common+precursor+for+human+pancreatic+polypeptide+and+pancreatic+icosapeptide&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=909-912&rft.date=1984-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC557446%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6373251&rft.aulast=Boel&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+T.+W.&rft.au=Norris%2C+K.+E.&rft.au=Fiil%2C+N.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC557446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancreatic+polypeptide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:GeorgiaPhysiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:GeorgiaPhysiology (page does not exist)">Template:GeorgiaPhysiology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Neoendorphin">α-Neoendorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Neoendorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Neoendorphin">β-Neoendorphin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Endomorphin" title="Endomorphin">Endomorphins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endomorphin-1" title="Endomorphin-1">Endomorphin-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomorphin-2" title="Endomorphin-2">Endomorphin-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Endorphins" title="Endorphins">Endorphins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Endorphin">α-Endorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Endorphin">β-Endorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Endorphin">γ-Endorphin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Enkephalin" title="Enkephalin">Enkephalins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Met-enkephalin" title="Met-enkephalin">Met-enkephalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leu-enkephalin" title="Leu-enkephalin">Leu-enkephalin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenorphin" title="Adrenorphin">Adrenorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidorphin" title="Amidorphin">Amidorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorphin" title="Hemorphin">Hemorphin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemorphin-4" title="Hemorphin-4">Hemorphin-4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nociceptin" title="Nociceptin">Nociceptin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiorphin" title="Opiorphin">Opiorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinorphin" title="Spinorphin">Spinorphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valorphin" title="Valorphin">Valorphin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /> neuropeptides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Kinin" title="Kinin">Kinins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bradykinin" title="Bradykinin">Bradykinins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tachykinin_peptides" title="Tachykinin peptides">Tachykinins</a>: mammal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance_P" title="Substance P">Substance P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurokinin_A" title="Neurokinin A">Neurokinin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurokinin_B" title="Neurokinin B">Neurokinin B</a></li></ul></dd> <dd>amphibian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kassinin" title="Kassinin">Kassinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physalaemin" title="Physalaemin">Physalaemin</a></li></ul></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Neuromedins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neuromedin_B" title="Neuromedin B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromedin_N" title="Neuromedin N">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromedin_S" title="Neuromedin S">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromedin_U" title="Neuromedin U">U</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Orexin" title="Orexin">Orexins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orexin-A" title="Orexin-A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orexin_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Orexin B">B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin" title="Angiotensin">Angiotensin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombesin" title="Bombesin">Bombesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide" title="Calcitonin gene-related peptide">Calcitonin gene-related peptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnosine" title="Carnosine">Carnosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine_and_amphetamine_regulated_transcript" title="Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript">Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-sleep-inducing_peptide" title="Delta-sleep-inducing peptide">Delta-sleep-inducing peptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMRFamide" title="FMRFamide">FMRFamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galanin" title="Galanin">Galanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galanin-like_peptide" title="Galanin-like peptide">Galanin-like peptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrin-releasing_peptide" title="Gastrin-releasing peptide">Gastrin-releasing peptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghrelin" title="Ghrelin">Ghrelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuropeptide_AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuropeptide AF (page does not exist)">Neuropeptide AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide_FF" title="Neuropeptide FF">Neuropeptide FF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuropeptide_SF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuropeptide SF (page does not exist)">Neuropeptide SF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuropeptide_VF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuropeptide VF (page does not exist)">Neuropeptide VF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide_S" title="Neuropeptide S">Neuropeptide S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide_Y" title="Neuropeptide Y">Neuropeptide Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurophysins" title="Neurophysins">Neurophysins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotensin" title="Neurotensin">Neurotensin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pancreatic polypeptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide" title="Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide">Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RVD-Hp%CE%B1" title="RVD-Hpα">RVD-Hpα</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGF" title="VGF">VGF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hormones" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hormones" title="Template:Hormones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hormones" title="Template talk:Hormones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hormones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hormones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hormones" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">Hormones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_gland" title="Endocrine gland">Endocrine<br />glands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hypothalamic–pituitary" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary_hormone" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary hormone">Hypothalamic–<br />pituitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">Hypothalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone" title="Gonadotropin-releasing hormone">GnRH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone" title="Thyrotropin-releasing hormone">TRH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormone" title="Corticotropin-releasing hormone">CRH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone%E2%80%93releasing_hormone" title="Growth hormone–releasing hormone">GHRH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">Somatostatin (GHIH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin_concentrating_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanin concentrating hormone">MCH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">Posterior pituitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">Oxytocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasopressin" title="Vasopressin">Vasopressin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_pituitary" title="Anterior pituitary">Anterior pituitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone" title="Follicle-stimulating hormone">FSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">LH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormone" title="Thyroid-stimulating hormone">TSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolactin" title="Prolactin">Prolactin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proopiomelanocortin" title="Proopiomelanocortin">POMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corticotropin-like_intermediate_peptide" title="Corticotropin-like intermediate peptide">CLIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone" title="Adrenocorticotropic hormone">ACTH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone" title="Melanocyte-stimulating hormone">MSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorphins" title="Endorphins">Endorphins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipotropin" title="Lipotropin">Lipotropin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone" title="Growth hormone">GH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93adrenal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis">Adrenal axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland#Adrenal_cortex" title="Adrenal gland">Adrenal cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">Aldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisol" title="Cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortisone" title="Cortisone">Cortisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstenedione" title="Androstenedione">Androstenedione</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland#Adrenal_medulla" title="Adrenal gland">Adrenal medulla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenaline" title="Adrenaline">Adrenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">Thyroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormones" title="Thyroid hormones">Thyroid hormones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triiodothyronine" title="Triiodothyronine">T<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroxine" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroxine">T<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitonin" title="Calcitonin">Calcitonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93thyroid_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis">Thyroid axis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parathyroid_gland" title="Parathyroid gland">Parathyroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parathyroid_hormone" title="Parathyroid hormone">PTH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary%E2%80%93gonadal_axis" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis">Gonadal axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">Testis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C3%BCllerian_hormone" title="Anti-Müllerian hormone">AMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activin_and_inhibin" title="Activin and inhibin">Inhibin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activin_and_inhibin" title="Activin and inhibin">Activin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activin_and_inhibin" title="Activin and inhibin">Inhibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxin" title="Relaxin">Relaxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonadotropin_surge-attenuating_factor" title="Gonadotropin surge-attenuating factor">GnSAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">Placenta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotropin" title="Human chorionic gonadotropin">hCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_placental_lactogen" title="Human placental lactogen">HPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">Pancreas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucagon" title="Glucagon">Glucagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amylin" title="Amylin">Amylin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">Somatostatin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pancreatic polypeptide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pineal_gland" title="Pineal gland">Pineal gland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">Melatonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dimethyltryptamine" title="N,N-Dimethyltryptamine">N,N-Dimethyltryptamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine">5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thymus" title="Thymus">Thymus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thymosin" title="Thymosin">Thymosins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thymosin_%CE%B11" title="Thymosin α1">Thymosin α1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_thymosin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta thymosin">Beta thymosins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymopoietin" title="Thymopoietin">Thymopoietin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymulin" title="Thymulin">Thymulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">Digestive system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrin" title="Gastrin">Gastrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghrelin" title="Ghrelin">Ghrelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">CCK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide" title="Gastric inhibitory polypeptide">GIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">Secretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motilin" title="Motilin">Motilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide" title="Vasoactive intestinal peptide">VIP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enteroglucagon" title="Enteroglucagon">Enteroglucagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peptide_YY" title="Peptide YY">Peptide YY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucagon-like_peptide-1" title="Glucagon-like peptide-1">GLP-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a>/other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor" title="Insulin-like growth factor">Insulin-like growth factor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1">IGF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">IGF-2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adipose_tissue" title="Adipose tissue">Adipose tissue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leptin" title="Leptin">Leptin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiponectin" title="Adiponectin">Adiponectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistin" title="Resistin">Resistin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_skeleton" title="Human skeleton">Skeleton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osteocalcin" title="Osteocalcin">Osteocalcin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">Kidney</a></th><td 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