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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-บรรณานุกรม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#บรรณานุกรม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>บรรณานุกรม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-บรรณานุกรม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ดูเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ดูเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ภาษาพหุศูนย์</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 36 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurisentriese_taal" title="Plurisentriese taal – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plurisentriese taal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة متعددة المركزية – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة متعددة المركزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluarizentrische_Schbrochn" title="Pluarizentrische Schbrochn – บาวาเรีย" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pluarizentrische Schbrochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="บาวาเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Плурицентричен език – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плурицентричен език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_lieskreizennek" title="Yezh lieskreizennek – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh lieskreizennek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_pluric%C3%A8ntrica" title="Llengua pluricèntrica – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua pluricèntrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycentrick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Polycentrický jazyk – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polycentrický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurizentrische_Sprache" title="Plurizentrische Sprache – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Plurizentrische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentric_language" title="Pluricentric language – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pluricentric language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pluric%C3%A9ntrico" title="Idioma pluricéntrico – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma pluricéntrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان چندکانونی – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چندکانونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_pluricentrique" title="Langue pluricentrique – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue pluricentrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बहुकेन्द्रीय भाषा – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुकेन्द्रीय भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Policentrični standardni jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_polisentris" title="Bahasa polisentris – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa polisentris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="複数中心地言語 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="複数中心地言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_pluris%C3%A8ntris" title="Basa plurisèntris – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa plurisèntris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="다중심언어 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다중심언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pluricentrica" title="Lingua pluricentrica – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua pluricentrica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полицентричен јазик – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полицентричен јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ബഹുകേന്ദ്രീകൃത ഭാഷ – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹുകേന്ദ്രീകൃത ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentrische_taal" title="Pluricentrische taal – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pluricentrische taal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_pluricentryczne" title="Języki pluricentryczne – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki pluricentryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_pluric%C3%AAntrica" title="Língua pluricêntrica – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua pluricêntrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Плюрицентрический язык – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плюрицентрический язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_pluritzentrica" title="Limba pluritzentrica – ซาร์เดญา" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba pluritzentrica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ซาร์เดญา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincuaggiu_pluric%C3%A8ntricu" title="Lincuaggiu pluricèntricu – ซิซิลี" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lincuaggiu pluricèntricu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ซิซิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Policentrični standardni jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentrick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Pluricentrický jazyk – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pluricentrický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_policentrike" title="Gjuha policentrike – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha policentrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полицентрични језик – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полицентрични језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentriskt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Pluricentriskt språk – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pluricentriskt språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurisentrikong_wika" title="Plurisentrikong wika – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Plurisentrikong wika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ok_merkezli_dil" title="Çok merkezli dil – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çok merkezli dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Плюрицентрична мова – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плюрицентрична мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="多中心語言 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多中心語言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250858#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&oldid=11970627" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&id=11970627&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A0%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B9%258C"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A0%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B9%258C"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250858" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><p><b>ภาษาพหุศูนย์</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">pluricentric language, polycentric language</span>) คือภาษาที่มี<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษามาตรฐาน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รูปแบบมาตรฐาน</a>ซึ่งผ่าน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5" title="การจัดประมวล">กระบวนการจัดประมวล</a>มากกว่าหนึ่งรูปแบบ โดยมักขึ้นอยู่กับประเทศที่แตกต่างกัน<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19921_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19921-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ตัวอย่างได้แก่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาเกาหลี">ภาษาเกาหลี</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษาจีน">ภาษาจีน</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส">ภาษาฝรั่งเศส</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาสเปน">ภาษาสเปน</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาโปรตุเกส">ภาษาโปรตุเกส</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">ภาษาอังกฤษ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาเยอรมัน">ภาษาเยอรมัน</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาสวีเดน">ภาษาสวีเดน</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาอาร์มีเนีย">ภาษาอาร์มีเนีย</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2-%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาบอสเนีย-โครเอเชีย-มอนเตเนโกร-เซอร์เบีย">ภาษาบอสเนีย-โครเอเชีย-มอนเตเนโกร-เซอร์เบีย</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> กรณีที่ตรงข้ามกับภาษาพหุศูนย์คือภาษาศูนย์เดียว (monocentric language) ซึ่งมีรูปแบบมาตรฐานอย่างเป็นทางการเพียงรูปแบบเดียว ตัวอย่างได้แก่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาญี่ปุ่น">ภาษาญี่ปุ่น</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษารัสเซีย">ภาษารัสเซีย</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ในบางกรณี มาตรฐานที่แตกต่างกันของภาษาพหุศูนย์ภาษาหนึ่ง ๆ อาจพัฒนาซับซ้อนขึ้นจนกลายเป็นภาษาเอกเทศ (autonomous language) ก็ได้ ดังที่เกิดขึ้นกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ภาษามาเลเซีย">ภาษามาเลเซีย</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย">ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย</a> หรือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาฮินดี">ภาษาฮินดี</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9" title="ภาษาอูรดู">ภาษาอูรดู</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> กระบวนการเดียวกันนี้กำลังเกิดขึ้นในภาษาบอสเนีย-โครเอเชีย-มอนเตเนโกร-เซอร์เบีย<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFStewart1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Alexander_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Alexander Stewart (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Stewart, William A</a> (1968). "A Sociolinguistic Typology for Describing National Multilingualism". ใน Fishman, Joshua A (บ.ก.). <i>Readings in the Sociology of Language</i>. The Hague, Paris: Mouton. pp. 531–545. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110805376.531">10.1515/9783110805376.531</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-3-11-080537-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-3-11-080537-6"><bdi>978-3-11-080537-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Sociolinguistic+Typology+for+Describing+National+Multilingualism&rft.btitle=Readings+in+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.place=The+Hague%2C+Paris&rft.pages=531-545&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110805376.531&rft.isbn=978-3-11-080537-6&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=William+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span> p. 534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKloss1967" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Kloss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Kloss (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Kloss, Heinz</a> (1967). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Abstand languages' and 'ausbau languages'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Anthropological Linguistics</i>. <b>9</b> (7): 29–41. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/30029461">30029461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Linguistics&rft.atitle=%27Abstand+languages%27+and+%27ausbau+languages%27&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=29-41&rft.date=1967&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30029461%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kloss&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span> p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19921-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19921_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClyne1992">Clyne 1992</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-2">4.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_4-3">4.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClyne1992">Clyne 1992</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKordić2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snje%C5%BEana_Kordi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snježana Kordić (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Kordić, Snježana</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429734.LA_LANGUE_CROATE_SERBE.PDF">"La langue croate, serbe, bosniaque et monténégrine"</a> [Croatian, Serbian, Bosniakian, and Montenegrin] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ใน Madelain, Anne (บ.ก.). <i>Au sud de l'Est</i>. vol. 3 (ภาษาฝรั่งเศส). Paris: Non Lieu. pp. 71–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-2-35270-036-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-2-35270-036-4"><bdi>978-2-35270-036-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/182916790">182916790</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SSRN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSRN (identifier) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3439662">3439662</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?&lang=EN&rad=429734">CROSBI 429734</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69f5WqGAx?url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429734.LA_LANGUE_CROATE_SERBE.PDF">เก็บ</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+langue+croate%2C+serbe%2C+bosniaque+et+mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9grine&rft.btitle=Au+sud+de+l%27Est&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=vol.+3&rft.pages=71-78&rft.pub=Non+Lieu&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F182916790&rft_id=%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3439662%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.isbn=978-2-35270-036-4&rft.aulast=Kordi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Snje%C5%BEana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbib.irb.hr%2Fdatoteka%2F429734.LA_LANGUE_CROATE_SERBE.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="บรรณานุกรม"><span id=".E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A1"></span>บรรณานุกรม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: บรรณานุกรม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8938631">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAnnamalai1992" class="citation book cs1">Annamalai, E. (1992). "Chinese as a pluricentric language". ใน Clyne, Michael G. (บ.ก.). <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 305–324. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-3-11-012855-0" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-3-11-012855-0"><bdi>978-3-11-012855-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chinese+as+a+pluricentric+language&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.pages=305-324&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-11-012855-0&rft.aulast=Annamalai&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAbd-el-Jawad1992" class="citation book cs1">Abd-el-Jawad, Hassan R.S. (1992). "Is Arabic a pluricentric language?". ใน <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Clyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Clyne (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Clyne, Michael G.</a> (บ.ก.). <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. Contributions to the sociology of language 62. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 261–303. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-11-012855-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-11-012855-1"><bdi>3-11-012855-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Is+Arabic+a+pluricentric+language%3F&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+sociology+of+language+62&rft.pages=261-303&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-11-012855-1&rft.aulast=Abd-el-Jawad&rft.aufirst=Hassan+R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAmmon1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ammon, Ulrich (1995). <i>Die deutsche Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz: das Problem der nationalen Varietäten</i> [<i>German Language in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: The Problem of National Varieties</i>] (ภาษาเยอรมัน). Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 575. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-11-014753-X" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-11-014753-X"><bdi>3-11-014753-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/33981055">33981055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+deutsche+Sprache+in+Deutschland%2C+%C3%96sterreich+und+der+Schweiz%3A+das+Problem+der+nationalen+Variet%C3%A4ten&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.pages=575&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33981055&rft.isbn=3-11-014753-X&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBlum2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Blum, Daniel (2002). <i>Sprache und Politik : Sprachpolitik und Sprachnationalismus in der Republik Indien und dem sozialistischen Jugoslawien (1945-1991)</i> [<i>Language and Policy: Language Policy and Linguistic Nationalism in the Republic of India and the Socialist Yugoslavia (1945-1991)</i>]. Beiträge zur Südasienforschung ; vol. 192 (ภาษาเยอรมัน). Würzburg: Ergon. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-89913-253-X" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-89913-253-X"><bdi>3-89913-253-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/51961066">51961066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sprache+und+Politik+%3A+Sprachpolitik+und+Sprachnationalismus+in+der+Republik+Indien+und+dem+sozialistischen+Jugoslawien+%281945-1991%29&rft.place=W%C3%BCrzburg&rft.series=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+S%C3%BCdasienforschung+%3B+vol.+192&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Ergon&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51961066&rft.isbn=3-89913-253-X&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFClyne1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Clyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Clyne (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Clyne, Michael G.</a>, บ.ก. (1992). <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. Contributions to the sociology of language 62. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-11-012855-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-11-012855-1"><bdi>3-11-012855-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+sociology+of+language+62&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-11-012855-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Clyne, Michael G.; & Kipp, Sandra. (1999). <i>Pluricentric languages in an immigrant context: Spanish, Arabic and Chinese</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-11-016577-5" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-11-016577-5">3-11-016577-5</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFDaneš1988" class="citation book cs1">Daneš, František (1988). "Herausbildung und Reform von Standardsprachen" [Development and Reform of Standard Languages]. ใน Ammon, Ulrich; Dittmar, Norbert; Mattheier, Klaus J (บ.ก.). <i>Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society II</i>. Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 3.2. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1506–1516. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-11-011645-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-11-011645-6"><bdi>3-11-011645-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/639109991">639109991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Herausbildung+und+Reform+von+Standardsprachen&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistics%3A+An+International+Handbook+of+the+Science+of+Language+and+Society+II&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Handb%C3%BCcher+zur+Sprach-+und+Kommunikationswissenschaft+3.2&rft.pages=1506-1516&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F639109991&rft.isbn=3-11-011645-6&rft.aulast=Dane%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Franti%C5%A1ek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFDua1992" class="citation book cs1">Dua, Hans Raj (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wawGFWNuHiwC&q=hindi+urdu+pluricentric&pg=PA381">"Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language"</a>. ใน Clyne, Michael G (บ.ก.). <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. 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Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 381–400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/3-11-012855-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/3-11-012855-1"><bdi>3-11-012855-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/24668375">24668375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hindi-Urdu+as+a+pluricentric+language&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+sociology+of+language+62&rft.pages=381-400&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24668375&rft.isbn=3-11-012855-1&rft.aulast=Dua&rft.aufirst=Hans+Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwawGFWNuHiwC%26q%3Dhindi%2Burdu%2Bpluricentric%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKloss1967" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Kloss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Kloss (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Kloss, Heinz</a> (1967). 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Zagreb: Disput. pp. 83–108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-953-260-054-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-953-260-054-4"><bdi>978-953-260-054-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/437306433">437306433</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SSRN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSRN (identifier) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3438216">3438216</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:CROSBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:CROSBI (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:CROSBI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69f5Mtzox?url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/426269.POLICENTRICNI_STANDARDNI.PDF">เก็บ</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Policentri%C4%8Dni+standardni+jezik&rft.btitle=Jezi%C4%8Dni+varijeteti+i+nacionalni+identiteti&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pages=83-108&rft.pub=Disput&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F437306433&rft_id=%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3438216%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.isbn=978-953-260-054-4&rft.aulast=Kordi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Snje%C5%BEana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbib.irb.hr%2Fdatoteka%2F426269.POLICENTRICNI_STANDARDNI.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC07252152">(ÖNB)</a></small>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFStewart1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Alexander_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Alexander Stewart (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Stewart, William A</a> (1968) [1962]. "A Sociolinguistic Typology for Describing National Multilingualism". ใน Fishman, Joshua A (บ.ก.). <i>Readings in the Sociology of Language</i>. The Hague, Paris: Mouton. pp. 531–545. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110805376.531">10.1515/9783110805376.531</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-3-11-080537-6" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-3-11-080537-6"><bdi>978-3-11-080537-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Sociolinguistic+Typology+for+Describing+National+Multilingualism&rft.btitle=Readings+in+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.place=The+Hague%2C+Paris&rft.pages=531-545&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110805376.531&rft.isbn=978-3-11-080537-6&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=William+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ดูเพิ่ม"><span id=".E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1"></span>ดูเพิ่ม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ดูเพิ่ม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFDollinger2019" class="citation book cs1">Dollinger, Stefan (2019). <i>The Pluricentricity Debate: On Austrian German and other Germanic Standard Varieties</i>. 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An overview of the differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch from a Flemish perspective"</a>. <i>Werkwinkel</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 113–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fwerk-2016-0006">10.1515/werk-2016-0006</a></span>.</cite><span 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