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data-widget_type="button.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://nanozen.com/contact-us/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">CONTACT US</span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div><main id="content" class="site-main post-65 page type-page status-publish hentry"><div class="page-content"><div data-elementor-type="wp-page" data-elementor-id="65" class="elementor elementor-65" data-elementor-post-type="page"><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a2db5f6 elementor-section-height-full elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="2a2db5f6" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42496a57" data-id="42496a57" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-186a7da3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="186a7da3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Learn with us</h2></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5a1f2cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5a1f2cbc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Are you coming up to speed on dust monitoring and associated occupational health risks? Here are some of Dr Winnie Chu’s favorite articles!</p></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70eda128" data-id="70eda128" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9935a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="9935a7e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="768" height="768" src="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Winnie-on-transparent-background-and-reduced-res-1000x1000-1-768x768.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-4282" alt="" srcset="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Winnie-on-transparent-background-and-reduced-res-1000x1000-1-768x768.png 768w, https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Winnie-on-transparent-background-and-reduced-res-1000x1000-1-300x300.png 300w, https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Winnie-on-transparent-background-and-reduced-res-1000x1000-1-100x100.png 100w, https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Winnie-on-transparent-background-and-reduced-res-1000x1000-1-600x600.png 600w, https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Winnie-on-transparent-background-and-reduced-res-1000x1000-1-150x150.png 150w, https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Winnie-on-transparent-background-and-reduced-res-1000x1000-1.png 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7719e987 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7719e987" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-291f6a5a" data-id="291f6a5a" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-62047c10 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="62047c10" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-79fe091f" data-id="79fe091f" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-27db12d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="27db12d0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">History of Wearable Personal Particle Sampling</h2></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46c96c29" data-id="46c96c29" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1eeca890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1eeca890" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>The wearable personal particle sampling device has been evolving since the first dust sampling devices were developed in the 1930s. Much research and development was undertaken in the 1960s and the 1970s to understand the health outcomes and develop effective devices to monitor worker conditions.</p><p>The following articles provide a background on the understanding and development of personal sampling devices leading up to today’s wearable personal particle sampler.</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-746c86f4 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible" data-id="746c86f4" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"animation":"slideInLeft","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b21ead8" data-id="1b21ead8" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1726b9af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1726b9af" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Accurate Personal Particle Samplers – Historical perspective of personal dust sampling in coal mines</h5></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-57d97974 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="57d97974" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Accurate, lightweight, real-time personal particle dust sampling devices have been the objective of Occupational Health and Safety since the 1930s. It has been known since the 1960s that dust particles under 7 µm in size pose the most danger because they are small enough to penetrate deeply into the lungs. By the 1970s, it was recognized that personal samplers are vastly superior to area samplers. Real-time sampling is especially crucial in situations where dynamic, dangerous concentrations of small particles occur.</p><p>Quoting Kissell et al ” Over the last 20 years many dust-measuring technologies have been evaluated as candidates to replace the personal gravimetric sampler. Most have been found inadequate because of low accuracy, excessive size and weight and/or high cost.”</p></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-13e441a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="13e441a2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Move-to-Accurate-Personal-Samplers.pdf" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Read Full Article</span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-687fc2d7" data-id="687fc2d7" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-76d2211a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="76d2211a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Particle Counting History – In defense of the dust count technique</h5></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4a179ca1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="4a179ca1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"> For over 50 years, dust counting methods have been used by industrial hygienists to evaluate airborne industrial health hazards. This method was extremely labour consuming and hence expensive to use. In the 1970s, the industry shifted to mass concentration techniques for several reasons: new technology, lower cost and a direct and provable health relationship with lung cancer and other cardiovascular related diseases. However, recent studies are showing that smaller particles can pass through the lungs into the bloodstream and settle in the organs of the body, including the brain. Mass concentration techniques are unable to distinguish the extra danger posed by smaller particles. We need to revisit particle counting and add it to our arsenal of sampling techniques to determine the true risks to workers. <br /><br /> Quoting Horowitz: “one 10 µm particle, for instance, contributes as much to the weight of a sample as 1,000 or more particles 1 µm in size, but does not contribute as much to the hazard.”</div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5427b28e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="5427b28e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Particle-Counting-History.pdf" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Read Full Article</span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-737445e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="737445e4" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77640330" data-id="77640330" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28191629 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28191629" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-48fc68eb" data-id="48fc68eb" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b3cccb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5b3cccb2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>As technology evolves so does the techniques and methods available to detect and measure aerosol particles. It is important to review the various methods to understand their advantages and limitations in the workplace in order to select the products and methods that best suit the Occupational Health application.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-56c84488" data-id="56c84488" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6c591bec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6c591bec" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Techniques and Methods</h2></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a3f1aa8 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible" data-id="1a3f1aa8" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"animation":"slideInRight","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-913d5b7" data-id="913d5b7" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-30f7fa3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="30f7fa3c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Comparison of Real-Time Instruments Used to Monitor Airborne Particulate Matter</h5></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3ba52040 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="3ba52040" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Five real-time continuous airborne particle monitors were compared to measurements using reference filter-based samples to evaluate the suitability of each instrument for use in a real-time continuous network in central California in winter conditions.</p></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4317e59a elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="4317e59a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Comparison-of-Real-Time-Instruments-Used-To-Monitor-Airborne-Particulate-Matter.pdf" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Read Full Article</span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29347a48" data-id="29347a48" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5d35a583 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5d35a583" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Theoretical Investigation of the Interrelationship Between Stationary and Personal Sampling in Exposure Estimation</h5></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-205935c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="205935c0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>In exposure estimation, personal sampling is the method of choice as it is representative of the contaminant concentration in the breathing zone. However, it may also be an attractive sampling method for many other circumstances due to its adaptability to telemetering observations, and the versatility of the stationary sampling in obtaining much higher sensitivity.</p></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-10fd80d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="10fd80d3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Theoretical-Investigation-of-the-Interrelationship-Between-Stationary-and-Personal-Sampling-in-Exposure-Estimation.pdf" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Read Full Article</span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7206b5d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7206b5d6" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-280311f8" data-id="280311f8" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap"></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9f5d3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c9f5d3b" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26d06220" data-id="26d06220" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-51db1497 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="51db1497" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fbadc22" data-id="2fbadc22" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-451d2940 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="451d2940" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Health Outcomes</h2></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-676d3175" data-id="676d3175" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aff50f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="aff50f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>In order to devise effective methods and products to detect harmful aerosols it is necessary to understand the complex correlation between the concentration of particles in the air and the health effects on the human body.</p><p>The human body has evolved to tolerate most naturally occurring particles in the air. The larger particles are either prevented from entering or exhaled or coughed up. The smaller particles are captured and removed or destroyed by the bodies natural defenses. Once the particles get below 10 um in diameter they are deposited in either the nose, throat, larynx, bronchia or alveolar regions of the air system. Studies have shown that deposition in the upper respiratory system can cause cancer in the respiratory system but deposition in the alveolar region can get into the bloodstream and end up in the organs of the body, including the brain where they can cause cancer and disrupt the bodies cell structures.</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d4e764b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible" data-id="4d4e764b" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"animation":"slideInLeft","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-43eaa00e" data-id="43eaa00e" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-63bbbe73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="63bbbe73" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">About Aerosols – Dusts, Fumes, and Mists</h5></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bb690be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="bb690be" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>This document provides a correlation between inhaled aerosols and health effects. It shows the difference in deposition percentages as the particles get smaller and the area of the respiratory system that is affected. Especially instructive are the figures at the end of the document.</p></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-55254b1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="55254b1c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/About-Aerosols.pdf" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Read Full Article</span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b8a9e86" data-id="4b8a9e86" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-497dedc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="497dedc1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Fine Particle Components and Health</h5></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1c8951a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1c8951a0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Short-term exposure to fine particle mass (PM) has been associated with adverse health effects, but little is known about the relative toxicity of particle components. We conducted a systematic review to quantify the associations between particle components and daily mortality and hospital admissions. The available evidence suggests that both EC and secondary inorganic aerosols are associated with adverse health effects.</p></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2ae2db36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="2ae2db36" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://nanozen.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Fine-Particle-Components-and-Health.pdf" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Read Full Article</span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4369a9a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4369a9a7" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36aad0b1" data-id="36aad0b1" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6d53dc elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f6d53dc" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-14efbbdc" data-id="14efbbdc" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7cfb2819 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7cfb2819" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><p>Standards are crucial in the Occupational Health industry to ensure accuracy and repeatability of results in order to ensure effective protection of workers in the market.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f8598ed" data-id="1f8598ed" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2837efaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="2837efaa" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Standards</h2></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e76632f elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible" data-id="7e76632f" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"animation":"slideInRight","_ha_eqh_enable":false}"><div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3335b14b" data-id="3335b14b" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-708bc2b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="708bc2b0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"></h5></div></div><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5ffdde35 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Nanozen’s mission is to build, test, and market leading-edge technologies that drive new, emerging standards for workplace analysis, worker protection and timely corrective action in the Occupational Health and Safety industry.</p><p>Nanozen – Know the air you breathe!</p></div></div></div></div><div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fee159a" data-id="2fee159a" data-element_type="column"><div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cc68598 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5cc68598" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div class="elementor-widget-container"><h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Links and Policies</h4></div></div><section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-190ab0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default 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