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cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manual of Style/Titles of works</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Project page</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" 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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MOS:TITLE" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Titles_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Titles (disambiguation)">Wikipedia:Titles (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Titles of works">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:TITLE"></span><span id="WP:MOSTITLE"></span><span id="MOS:T"></span><span id="WP:MOST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TITLE&redirect=no">MOS:TITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MOSTITLE&redirect=no">WP:MOSTITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This part of the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> covers <b>title formats and style for works of art or artifice</b>, such as capitalization and italics versus quotation marks. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Italics"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Italics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Major_works"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Major works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Similar_cases"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Similar cases</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Link_formatting"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Link formatting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Italicizing_Wikipedia_article_titles"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Italicizing Wikipedia article titles</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Quotation_marks"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Quotation marks</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Minor_works"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Minor works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Additional_markup"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Additional markup</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Neither"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Neither</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Religious_texts"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Religious texts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Series_titles"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Series titles</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Punctuation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Punctuation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Capital_letters"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Capital letters</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Indefinite_and_definite_articles"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Indefinite and definite articles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Translations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Translations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Typographic_effects"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Typographic effects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Typographic_conformity"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Typographic conformity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Abbreviation_of_long_titles"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Abbreviation of long titles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Credit_abbreviations"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Credit abbreviations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Italics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Italics"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Italics"></span>Italics<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Italics"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Italics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Italics_and_other_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles § Italics and other formatting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Italic_face" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Italic face</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">Italic type</a> (<i>text like this</i>, marked up with pairs of apostrophes as <code>''text like this''</code>) should be used for the following types of names and titles, or abbreviations thereof: </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Major_works_of_art_and_artifice"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_works" data-mw-thread-id="h-Major_works-Italics"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Major_works-Italics"></span>Major works<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Major_works-Italics"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:MAJORWORK"></span><span id="MOS:ITALICTITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:MAJORWORK&redirect=no">MOS:MAJORWORK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ITALICTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:ITALICTITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>Officially named series of major works: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The Lord of the Rings</i></span></a> film series</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="#Series_titles">§ Series titles</a> below)</span></li> <li>Audio albums (musical or spoken-word)</li> <li>Non-generic names of major independent musical compositions <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(music)#Definitions_%E2%80%93_italics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (music)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (music) § Definitions – italics</a> for more detail)</span>: <ul><li>Musicals, operas, operettas and other self-contained pieces of musical theatre</li> <li>Named oratorios, cantatas, motets, orchestral works, and other compositions beyond the scope of a single song or dance: <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Symphony No. 2 by Gustav Mahler, known as the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection Symphony"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Resurrection Symphony</i></span></a> ...</span> (generic vs. non-generic name)</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Cantata_(Stravinsky)" title="Cantata (Stravinsky)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Stravinsky's Cantata</span></a> is a work for soprano, tenor, female choir, and instrumental ensemble ...</span> (unnamed cantata)</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/On_an_Overgrown_Path" title="On an Overgrown Path"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>On an Overgrown Path</i></span></a> (Czech: <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">Po zarostlém chodníčku</i></span>) is a cycle of thirteen piano pieces written by Leoš Janáček ...</span> (named piano composition)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Books, multi-volume works (e.g. encyclopedias), and booklets <ul><li>But not pre-modern <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">religious texts</a> or scriptures: <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Bible</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Quran</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Bhagavad Gita</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Old Testament</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Epistle to the Galatians</span></a> (but <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafi" title="Kitab al-Kafi"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kitab al-Kāfī</i></span></span></a> is italicized with <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Translit">translit</a>|ar|Kitab al-Kāfī}}</code> as transliterated Arabic, since this title is not assimilated into English the way <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Quran</span> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Bhagavad Gita</span> are)</li></ul></li> <li>The titles of novellas which have been published as stand-alone books are normally italicized. Novellas which are only published as parts of collections use quotation marks. Quotation marks may also be used to help distinguish a novella from a longer work with the same or similar title.</li> <li>Television and radio programs, specials, shows, series and <a href="/wiki/Serial_(radio_and_television)" title="Serial (radio and television)">serials</a></li> <li>Films (including short films) and documentaries</li> <li>Comic books, comic strips, graphic novels and manga</li> <li>Video games, board games, trading card games</li> <li>Court case names, but not <a href="/wiki/Case_citation" title="Case citation">case citation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Law_report" title="Law report">law report</a> details included with the case name: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Brown v. Board of Education</i></span></a>, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Named exhibitions (artistic, historical, scientific, educational, cultural, literary, etc. – generally hosted by, or part of, an existing institution such as a museum or gallery), but not <a href="#Neither">large-scale exhibition events</a></li> <li>Paintings, sculptures and other works of visual art with a title rather than a name <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(for more detail, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts#Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">WP:Manual of Style/Visual arts § Article titles</a>)</span></li> <li>Periodicals (newspapers, journals, magazines)</li> <li>Plays (including published screenplays and teleplays)</li> <li>Long or epic poems: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a></span></li> <li>Syndicated columns and other features republished regularly by others</li> <li>Titles of doctoral and master's theses and dissertations</li></ul> <p>The actual medium of publication or presentation is not a factor; a video feature released only on video tape, disc or the Internet is considered a "film" for these purposes, and likewise an e-book is a book, a webcomic is a comic strip, a music album available only from the artist on a limited-edition USB drive is a real album, a TV series available only via streaming services is still a series, etc. </p><p><em>Minor works</em> (any specifically titled subdivisions of italicized major works) are given in quotation marks <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#When_not_to_use_italics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting § When not to use italics</a> for details)</span>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Italic_website"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:ITALICWEBCITE"></span><span id="MOS:ITALICWEBSITE"></span><span id="MOS:WEBITALIC"></span><span id="MOS:WEBITALICS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ITALICWEBCITE&redirect=no">MOS:ITALICWEBCITE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ITALICWEBSITE&redirect=no">MOS:ITALICWEBSITE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:WEBITALIC&redirect=no">MOS:WEBITALIC</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:WEBITALICS&redirect=no">MOS:WEBITALICS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Website titles may or may not be italicized in running text depending on the type of site and what kind of content it features. Online magazines, newspapers, and news sites with original content should generally be italicized (<a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Salon</i></span></a> or <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>HuffPost</i></span></a>). Online non-user-generated encyclopedias and dictionaries should also be italicized (<a href="/wiki/Scholarpedia" title="Scholarpedia"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Scholarpedia</i></span></a> or <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam-Webster Online"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Merriam-Webster Online</i></span></a>). Other types of websites should be decided on a case-by-case basis.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These cases are well-established conventions recognized in most style guides. Do not apply italics to other categories or instances because you feel they are creative or artful (e.g. game or sport moves, logical arguments, "artisanal" products, schools of practice or thought, Internet memes, aphorisms, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similar_cases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Similar_cases-Italics"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Similar_cases-Italics"></span>Similar cases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Similar_cases-Italics"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Similar cases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Some similar cases that are not titles of works include: </p> <ul><li>Certain <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific names</a>: named <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> (but not proteins encoded by them); <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> and lower <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxons</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> and subspecies), but not higher taxa <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Scientific_names" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">WP:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Scientific names</a> for details)</span></li> <li>Specific, named transportation vehicles (but not prefixes, classifications, identifying numbers or other designations for them), including ships, spacecraft, trains, and locomotives (but not smaller conveyances such as cars or buses). Example: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">USS <i>Baltimore</i> (CA-68), the lead ship of the <i>Baltimore</i>-class cruisers</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Vessels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">WP:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Vessels</a> for details)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Link_formatting" data-mw-thread-id="h-Link_formatting-Italics"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Link_formatting-Italics"></span>Link formatting<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Link_formatting-Italics"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Link formatting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>To display text in italics, enclose it in double <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophes</a>. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mary_Tyler_Moore_Show" title="The Mary Tyler Moore Show">The Mary Tyler Moore Show</a></i> is produced by italicizing around (not inside) the link: <code>''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]''</code>.</li></ul> <p>If the title is also a wikilink but only part of it should be italicized, use italics around or inside a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">piped link</a> to properly display the title: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(film)" title="Casablanca (film)">Casablanca</a></i> is produced by <code>''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]''</code> or <code>[[Casablanca (film)|''Casablanca'']]</code>.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Without piping, this wikilink would display – and incorrectly italicize – the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DISAMBIGUATION" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DISAMBIGUATION">disambiguation</a> term, which is not part of the film title.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italicizing_Wikipedia_article_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Italicizing_Wikipedia_article_titles-Italics"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Italicizing_Wikipedia_article_titles-Italics"></span>Italicizing Wikipedia article titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Italicizing_Wikipedia_article_titles-Italics"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Italicizing Wikipedia article titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Italics_and_other_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles § Italics and other formatting</a></div> <p>If the title of a Wikipedia article requires italicization, there are a few options: </p> <ul><li>Use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Italic_title" title="Template:Italic title">Italic title</a>}}</code> to italicize the part of the title before the first parenthesis.</li> <li>Use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Italic_disambiguation" title="Template:Italic disambiguation">Italic disambiguation</a>}}</code> to italicize the part of the title in the parenthesis.</li> <li>Use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name#Changing_the_displayed_title" title="Wikipedia:Page name"><code>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}</code> magic word</a> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Italic_title" title="Template:Italic title">Italic title</a>|string=}}</code> template for titles with a mix of italic and roman text, as at <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sex_and_the_City_episodes" title="List of Sex and the City episodes">List of <i>Sex and the City</i> episodes</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Hustler_(novel)" title="The Hustler (novel)"><i>The Hustler</i> (novel)</a>.</li> <li>Use an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">infobox</a> template that automatically handles italicization, such as <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_film" title="Template:Infobox film">Infobox film</a>}}</code> used at <a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(film)" title="Casablanca (film)"><i>Casablanca</i> (film)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>These templates should be placed at the top of the page (but below <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">Short description</a>}}</code>, if present). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Quotation_marks" data-mw-thread-id="h-Quotation_marks"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Quotation_marks"></span>Quotation marks<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Quotation_marks"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Quotation marks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:QUOTETITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:QUOTETITLE&redirect=no">MOS:QUOTETITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section is about use of quotation marks in titles of works of art or artifice. For use of quotation marks generally, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotation_marks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">WP:Manual of Style § Quotation marks</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_works" data-mw-thread-id="h-Minor_works-Quotation_marks"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Minor_works-Quotation_marks"></span>Minor works<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Minor_works-Quotation_marks"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Minor works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:MINORWORK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:MINORWORK&redirect=no">MOS:MINORWORK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Italics are generally <a href="#Italics">used only for titles of longer works</a>. Titles of shorter works should be enclosed in double <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation marks</a> ("text like this"). It particularly applies to works that exist as a smaller part of a larger work. Examples of titles which are quoted but not italicized: </p> <ul><li>Articles, essays, papers, or conference presentation notes (stand-alone or in a collected larger work): <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"The Dos and Don'ts of Dating Online" is an article by Phil McGraw on his advice site.</span></li> <li>Chapters of a longer work (they may be labeled alternatively, e.g. sections, parts, or "books" within an actual book, etc.)</li> <li>Entries in a reference work (dictionary, encyclopedia, etc.)</li> <li>Single episodes or plot arcs of a television series or other serial audio-visual program: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<a href="/wiki/The_Germans" title="The Germans"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The Germans</span></a>" is an episode of the television programme <a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Fawlty Towers</i></span></a></span></li> <li>Leaflets, flyers, circulars, brochures, postcards, instruction sheets, and other ephemeral publications</li> <li>Sections within a periodical, including features, departments, columns (non-syndicated), titled cartoons (not syndicated comic strips)</li> <li>Segments of a play, film, television show, etc., including named acts, skits, scenes, and the like</li> <li>Short poems: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<a href="/wiki/Stopping_by_Woods_on_a_Snowy_Evening" title="Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening</span></a>" by Robert Frost</span></li> <li>Short stories (textual or graphic): <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<a href="/wiki/An_Occurrence_at_Owl_Creek_Bridge" title="An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge</span></a>" by Ambrose Bierce</span></li> <li>Story lines that span multiple issues of a periodical</li> <li>Songs, instrumentals, arias, numbers in a musical, movements of longer musical piece, album tracks, singles, and other short musical compositions: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The Beatles' song "<a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band_(song)" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</span></a>"</span> appears on the album also titled <i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i></li> <li>Speeches, lectures, and conference presentations (only if given a specific title)</li></ul> <p>This convention also applies to songs, speeches, manuscripts, etc., with no known formal titles but which are conventionally referred to by lines from them as if they were titles: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Martin Luther King Jr.'s "<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">I Have a Dream</span></a>" speech</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-speech_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The formatting of the title of a pamphlet, which is on the divide between a booklet or short book on the one hand and a leaflet or brochure on the other – specifically, whether to italicize the title or place it within quotation marks – is left to editorial discretion at the article in question. Anything that has been assigned an <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> or <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> should be italicized. Another rule of thumb is that if the work is intended to stand alone and to be kept for later reference, or is likely to be seen as having merit as a stand-alone work, italicize it. Use quotation marks if the item is entirely ephemeral, trivial, or simply promotional of some other work or product. </p><p>The convention of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Foreign_terms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">italicizing non-English words and phrases</a> does not apply to proper names; thus, a title of a short non-English work simply receives quotation marks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_markup" data-mw-thread-id="h-Additional_markup-Quotation_marks"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Additional_markup-Quotation_marks"></span>Additional markup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Additional_markup-Quotation_marks"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Additional markup" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:AMU"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:AMU&redirect=no">MOS:AMU</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>If text is enclosed in quotation marks, do not include the quotation marks in any additional formatting markup. For example, if a title in quotation marks is the subject of a Wikipedia article and therefore displayed in boldface in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Lead section">lead section</a>, the quotation marks should <i>not</i> be in boldface because they are not part of the title itself. For further information, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotation_marks_in_article_openings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Quotation marks in article openings</a>. </p><p>Titles in quotation marks that include (or in unusual cases consist of) something that requires italicization for some other reason than being a title, e.g. a genus and species name, or a non-English phrase, or the name of a larger work being referred to, also use the needed italicization, inside the quotation marks: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Ferromagnetic Material in the Eastern Red-spotted Newt <i>Notophthalmus viridescens</i>"</span> (an academic journal article containing an italicized phrase), and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Somebody's Been Reading Dante's <i>Inferno</i>"</span> (a television episode with the title of a major work). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Neither" data-mw-thread-id="h-Neither"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Neither"></span>Neither<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Neither"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Neither" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NEITHER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NEITHER&redirect=no">MOS:NEITHER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>There are cases in which titles should not be in italics nor in quotation marks (though many are capitalized): </p> <ul><li>Religious texts of large, well-known religions <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(see details at <a href="#Religious_texts">§ Religious texts</a>, below)</span></li> <li>Legal or constitutional documents: <a href="/wiki/Temporary_restraining_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary restraining order"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">temporary restraining order</span></a>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Bill of Rights</span></a></span></li> <li>Descriptive titles: a reference to or description of a work or part of a work when not using its actual title or conventional name: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">137th graduation address</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">conference <a href="/wiki/Keynote_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynote speech"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">keynote speech</span></a></span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">an introductory aria</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Satie's <a href="/wiki/Furniture_music" title="Furniture music"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">furniture music</span></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_address" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Union address"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">State of the Union address</span></a>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Nixon's <a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Checkers speech</span></a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-speech_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the season finale of <a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Game of Thrones</i></span></a></span>, not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">the "Season Finale" of <i>Game of Thrones</i></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(for media franchises such as series of books, films, etc., see <a href="#Series_titles">§ Series titles</a> below)</span> <ul><li>This also applies to a conventional name that refers to a specific work but is a descriptor: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Symphony No. 2</span></a> by Gustav Mahler</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/Sonnet_130" title="Sonnet 130"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Sonnet 130</span></a></span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/Magnificat_(Sch%C3%BCtz)" title="Magnificat (Schütz)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Magnificat</span></a> by Schütz</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Adagio sometimes attributed to <a href="/wiki/Albinoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Albinoni"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Albinoni</span></a></span></li></ul></li> <li>Traditional games, sports, dances, and other activities: <a href="/wiki/Hopscotch" title="Hopscotch"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">hopscotch</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackjack" title="Blackjack"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">blackjack</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">rugby football</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">American football</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Viennese_waltz" title="Viennese waltz"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Viennese waltz</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Geocaching" title="Geocaching"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">geocaching</span></a></li> <li>Software other than games: <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">iTunes</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Traceroute" title="Traceroute"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">traceroute</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Sobig" title="Sobig"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Sobig</span></a></li> <li>Commercial products other than media works: <a href="/wiki/Cheerios" title="Cheerios"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Cheerios</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Sportivo_Coupe" title="Toyota Sportivo Coupe"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Toyota Sportivo Coupe</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Silly_Putty" title="Silly Putty"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Silly Putty</span></a></li> <li>Exhibitions, concerts, and other events: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">world's fairs</span></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Expo_2010" title="Expo 2010"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Expo 2010</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Cannes Film Festival</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Burning_Man" title="Burning Man"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Burning Man</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza" title="Lollapalooza"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Lollapalooza</span></a>. An exception is named exhibitions (cultural, artistic, scientific, etc.) that <a href="#Major_works">have the character of a major work</a> by a person or organizational creator. Another exception is a concert, tour, etc., containing the name of a work that would be italicized; that part is italicized: <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_World_Tour" title="Dangerous World Tour"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Dangerous</i> World Tour</span></a>.</li> <li>Smaller parts of larger works when they are simply numbered sequentially, and the title appears that way in the work (or a preponderance of reliable sources about the work): <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird" title="To Kill a Mockingbird"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>To Kill a Mockingbird</i></span></a>, Part One, Chapter 1</span></li> <li>Names (not to be confused with titles) of some works of art such as <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a>: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna Dioscorides"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Vienna Dioscorides</span></a></span> (which is a copy of <a href="/wiki/De_Materia_Medica_(Dioscorides)" class="mw-redirect" title="De Materia Medica (Dioscorides)"><i>De Materia Medica</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a>)</li> <li>Names of <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_artifact" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological artifact">archaeological artifacts</a>, including those with inscriptions: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Rosetta Stone</span></a></span></li> <li>Names of buildings and other structures: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Taj Mahal</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Statue of Liberty</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_texts" data-mw-thread-id="h-Religious_texts-Neither"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Religious_texts-Neither"></span>Religious texts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Religious_texts-Neither"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religious texts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BIBLE"></span><span id="MOS:QURAN"></span><span id="MOS:TALMUD"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BIBLE&redirect=no">MOS:BIBLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:QURAN&redirect=no">MOS:QURAN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TALMUD&redirect=no">MOS:TALMUD</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#Religions,_deities,_philosophies,_doctrines,_and_their_adherents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters § Religions, deities, philosophies, doctrines, and their adherents</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Religious_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Text">Texts</a> of large, well-known religions should not normally be italicized. For example, <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Bible</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Quran</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Talmud</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Bhagavad Gita</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Adi_Granth" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Granth"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Adi Granth</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Book of Mormon</span></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Avesta</span></a> are not italicized. Their constituent parts, such as <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Book of Ruth</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">New Testament</span></a>, or <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Gospel of Matthew</span></a>, are not italicized either, as such titles are generally traditional rather than original ones. However, the titles of specific published versions of religious texts should be italicized: <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Authorized King James Version</i></span></a> and <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>New Edition of the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Babylonian Talmud</span></a></i></span>. </p><p>Many relatively obscure spiritual works are also generally italicized, particularly if the work is not likely to be well-known to the Wikipedia reader, if the work was first published in modern times and has not undergone substantial changes, or if it might be unclear that the title refers to a book. For example, <a href="/wiki/The_Urantia_Book" title="The Urantia Book"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The Urantia Book</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Bible" title="The Satanic Bible"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The Satanic Bible</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Divine_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Principle"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Divine Principle</i></span></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gylfaginning" title="Gylfaginning"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Gylfaginning</i></span></a> should be italicized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Series_titles-Neither"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Series_titles-Neither"></span>Series titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Series_titles-Neither"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Series titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SERIESTITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SERIESTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:SERIESTITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Descriptive titles for <a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">media franchises</a> (including trilogies and other series of novels or films) and <a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">fictional universes</a> should <em>not</em> be placed in italics or quotation marks, even when based on a character or feature of the works: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Sherlock Holmes</span></a> mysteries</span>; <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Tolkien's <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Middle-earth</span></a> writings</span>. Those with official names from the publisher are capitalized (in the singular, not in plural and other genericizing constructions), without quotation marks or italics: <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Universe" title="Marvel Universe"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Marvel Universe</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Marvel Cinematic Universe</span></a>, and <a href="/wiki/DC_Universe" title="DC Universe"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">DC Universe</span></a>, but <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the Marvel and DC comics universes</span>. </p><p>However, the following should be set in italics: </p> <ul><li>Actual titles of a series declared by the author or publisher: <a href="/wiki/Les_Rougon-Macquart" title="Les Rougon-Macquart"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Les Rougon-Macquart</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia" title="The Chronicles of Narnia"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The Chronicles of Narnia</i></span></a></li> <li>The name of an individual work within the series name: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars (franchise)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Star Wars</i> franchise</span></a></span>, named for the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></i> film; <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <a href="/wiki/Three_Colours_trilogy" title="Three Colours trilogy"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Three Colours</i> trilogy</span></a></span>, named for films with the prefix <i>Three Colours</i>. Do not capitalize or italicize descriptive terms that are not part of an official series title (as with "franchise" and "trilogy" in those two examples).</li></ul> <p>For use of definite and indefinite articles at the start of a series title, apply <a href="#Indefinite_and_definite_articles">the same rules as for work titles</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Punctuation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Punctuation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Punctuation"></span>Punctuation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Punctuation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Punctuation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:TITLEPUNCT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TITLEPUNCT&redirect=no">MOS:TITLEPUNCT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Place adjacent punctuation <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Punctuation_inside_or_outside" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">outside any quotation marks or italics</a> unless the punctuation is part of the title itself. </p> <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Johnson spoke often of <a href="/wiki/Huckleberry_Finn" title="Huckleberry Finn"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Huckleberry Finn</i></span></a>, his favorite novel.</span> – The comma is not part of the title and therefore is not italicized.</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">George Orwell's well-known 1946 essay in <i>Horizon</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Politics_and_the_English_Language" title="Politics and the English Language"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Politics and the English Language</span></a>", condemned the hypocrisy endemic in political writing and speech.</span> – The commas are not part of the title and are therefore outside the quotation marks.</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou?"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>O Brother, Where Art Thou?</i></span></a> is a 2000 comedic film.</span> – The comma and question mark are both part of the title and are therefore italicized.</li></ul> <p>Where subtitle punctuation is unclear (e.g. because the subtitle is given on a separate line on the cover or a poster), use a colon and a space, not a dash, comma, or other punctuation, to separate the title elements. If there are two subtitles, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Dashes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">dash</a> can be used between the second and third elements. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Capitalization"></span><span class="anchor" id="Capitalisation"></span> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Capital_letters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Capital_letters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Capital_letters"></span>Capital letters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Capital_letters"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Capital letters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For capitalization in Wikipedia article titles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(capitalization)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles#Capitalization" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles § Capitalization</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:TITLECAPS"></span><span id="MOS:CAPTITLE"></span><span id="MOS:CAPTITLES"></span><span id="MOS:CT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TITLECAPS&redirect=no">MOS:TITLECAPS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:CAPTITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPTITLES&redirect=no">MOS:CAPTITLES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CT&redirect=no">MOS:CT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>For Wikipedia article titles that are not the titles of works and are not in other languages, the English Wikipedia uses <a href="/wiki/Sentence_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentence case">sentence case</a> (this is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Section_headings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">also true</a> of section headings, captions, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Sentence_case_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sentence_case-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) In sentence case, generally only the first word and all <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#Proper_names" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">proper names</a> are capitalized. Examples: <a href="/wiki/List_of_selection_theorems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of selection theorems"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">List of selection theorems</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's rights in Haiti"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Women's rights in Haiti</span></a>. </p><p>In titles (including subtitles, if any) of English-language works (books, poems, songs, etc.), every word is capitalized except for the <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite article">indefinite articles</a>, the short <a href="/wiki/Coordinating_conjunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinating conjunction">coordinating conjunctions</a>, and any short <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">prepositions</a>. This is known as <em><a href="/wiki/Title_case" title="Title case">title case</a></em>. Capitalization of non-English titles varies by language <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(see <a href="#FOREIGNTITLE">below</a>)</span>. Wikipedia normally follows these conventions when referring to such works, whether in the name of an article or within the text. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">WP:Citing sources § Citation style</a> permits the use of pre-defined, off-Wikipedia citation styles within Wikipedia, and some of these expect sentence case for certain titles (usually article and chapter titles). Title case should not be imposed on such titles under such a citation style consistently used in an article. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:5"></span><span id="MOS:5LETTER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:5&redirect=no">MOS:5</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:5LETTER&redirect=no">MOS:5LETTER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><b>Always capitalized:</b> When using title case, the following words <em>should</em> be capitalized: </p> <ul><li>The first and last word of the title (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">A Home to Go Back To</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Every <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronoun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar)#Subordinating_conjunctions" title="Conjunction (grammar)">subordinating conjunction</a> (<i>Me</i>, <i>It</i>, <i>His</i>, <i>If</i>, etc.)</li> <li>Every <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a>, including forms of <i>to be</i> (<i>Be</i>, <i>Am</i>, <i>Is</i>, <i>Are</i>, <i>Being</i>, <i>Was</i>, <i>Were</i>, <i>Been</i>)</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="5LETTER"></span><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_prepositions" title="List of English prepositions">Prepositions</a> that contain five letters or more (<i>During</i>, <i>Through</i>, <i>About</i>, <i>Until</i>, <i>Below</i>, <i>Under</i>, etc.) – the "<b>five-letter rule</b>"</li> <li>Words that have the same form as prepositions, but are not being used specifically as prepositions <ul><li>Particles of <a href="/wiki/Phrasal_verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrasal verb">phrasal verbs</a><sup id="cite_ref-phrasal_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phrasal-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Give_Up_the_Ghost_(album)" title="Give Up the Ghost (album)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Give Up the Ghost</i></span></a>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<a href="/wiki/Puttin%27_On_the_Ritz" title="Puttin' On the Ritz"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Puttin' On the Ritz</span></a>"</span>)</li> <li>The first word in a <a href="/wiki/Compound_preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound preposition">compound preposition</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_of_Mind" class="mw-disambig" title="Time Out of Mind"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Time Out of Mind</i></span></a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Not capitalized:</b> For title case, the words that are <em>not</em> capitalized on Wikipedia (unless they are the first or last word of a title) are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)" title="Article (grammar)">Indefinite and definite articles</a> (<i>a</i>, <i>an</i>, <i>the</i>)</li> <li>Short <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction#Coordinating_conjunctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical conjunction">coordinating conjunctions</a> (<i>and</i>, <i>but</i>, <i>or</i>, <span class="nowrap"><i>nor</i> ;</span> also <i>for</i>, <i>yet</i>, <i>so</i> when used as conjunctions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preposition_and_postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition and postposition">Prepositions</a> containing four letters or fewer (<i>as</i>, <i>in</i>, <i>of</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>to</i>, <i>for</i>, <i>from</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>like</i>, <i>over</i>, <i>with</i>, <i>upon</i>, etc.); but see above for instances where these words are not used as prepositions<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The word <i>to</i> in <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitives</a></li></ul> <p>Other styles exist with regard to prepositions, including three- or even two-letter rules in <a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">news and entertainment journalism</a>, and many <a href="/wiki/Academic_writing" title="Academic writing">academic publishers</a> call for capitalization of no prepositions at all. These styles are not used on Wikipedia, including for titles of pop-culture or academic works. </p><p>Potential exceptions: Apply our five-letter rule (above) for prepositions except when a significant majority of current, reliable sources that are independent of the subject consistently capitalize, in the title of a specific work, a word that is frequently not a preposition, such as "Like" or "Past". Continue to lower-case common four-letter (or shorter) prepositions like "into" and "from".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Hyphenation"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Hyphenation</span></span>:</b> The general rule in English is to not capitalize after a hyphen unless what follows the hyphen is itself usually capitalized (e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">post-Soviet</span>). However, this rule is often ignored in titles of works. Follow the majority usage in independent, reliable sources for any given subject (e.g. <a href="/wiki/The_Out-of-Towners" class="mw-disambig" title="The Out-of-Towners"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The Out-of-Towners</i></span></a> but <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The History of Middle-earth</i></span></a>). If neither spelling is clearly dominant in sources, default to lowercase after a hyphen, per the general rule. </p><p><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Subtitles"></span><span id="SUBTITLE"></span><span id="SUBTITLES"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Subtitles</span></span></b>: Not everything in parentheses (round brackets) is a subtitle. For titles with subtitles or parenthetical phrases, capitalize the first word of each element, even if it would not normally be capitalized, if the element is either: </p> <ul><li>A clause that can stand alone as a title and is sometimes used that way, as a short name: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<a href="/wiki/(Now_and_Then_There%27s)_A_Fool_Such_as_I" title="(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I</span></a>"</span></li> <li>A clearly separate or alternative title, expansion, or descriptive phrase, given in parentheses or following a colon or dash: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<a href="/wiki/Fooling_Yourself_(The_Angry_Young_Man)" title="Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man)</span></a>"</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Linking Albinism and Immunity: The Secrets of Secretory Lysosomes"</span>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Motion_Picture" title="Star Trek: The Motion Picture"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Star Trek: The Motion Picture</i></span></a></li></ul> <p>Do not capitalize a normally lower-cased word: </p> <ul><li>In a <a href="/wiki/Dependent_clause" title="Dependent clause">dependent clause</a> that does not begin the title and is not used as a stand-alone title: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<a href="/wiki/Scary_Monsters_(and_Super_Creeps)" title="Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)</span></a>"</span></li> <li>After a comma: <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The Hobbit, or There and Back Again</i></span></a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:INCIPIT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:INCIPIT&redirect=no">MOS:INCIPIT</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Incipits"></span><span id="INCIPIT"></span><span id="INCIPITS"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Incipits</span></span>:</b> If a work is known by its first line or few words of text (its <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">incipit</a></i></span>), this is rendered in <em>sentence case</em>, and will often be the Wikipedia article title. Examples: </p><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Remember_not,_Lord,_our_offences" title="Remember not, Lord, our offences"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Remember not, Lord, our offences</span></a></i>, a musical setting of an excerpted passage from a liturgical text</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"An act to enforce the 15th amendment to the Constitution of the United States"</span>, the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a> and sometimes used as a long name for it; legal incipits are often originally published in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters#All_caps_and_small_caps" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">all-capitals</a>.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NONENGTITLE"></span><span id="MOS:FOREIGNTITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NONENGTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:NONENGTITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:FOREIGNTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:FOREIGNTITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Capitalization_in_non-English_language_titles"></span><span id="NONENGTITLE"></span><span id="Capitalisation_in_foreign-language_titles"></span><span id="FOREIGNTITLE"></span><span id="FOREIGNTITLES"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Capitalization in non-English language titles</span></span></b> varies, even over time within the same language. Retain the style of the original for modern works. For historical works, follow the dominant usage in modern, English-language, reliable sources. Examples: </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Liaisons_dangereuses" title="Les Liaisons dangereuses"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les Liaisons dangereuses</i></span></span></a> (French; the English title is <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Liaisons_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dangerous Liaisons (disambiguation)"><i><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Dangerous Liaisons</span></i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_ingenioso_hidalgo_don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" class="mw-redirect" title="El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha</i></span></span></a> (Spanish; the English title is <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha</i></span>, or <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Don Quixote</i></span></a> for short)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Franz_Schubert_by_genre#Smaller_sacred_works" title="List of compositions by Franz Schubert by genre"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Hymnus an den heiligen Geist</span></span>"</span></a> (German; there is no English title, though it translates as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Hymn to the Holy Ghost"</span>)</li></ul> <p>Non-English titles should be wrapped in the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a>}}</code> template with the proper <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ISO 639-1 codes">ISO language code</a> (the shortest available for the language or dialect in question), e.g.: <code>{{lang|fr|Les Liaisons dangereuses}}</code>. This is done inside surrounding quotation marks, for short/minor works. Since 2017, the template automatically <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#No_common_usage_in_English" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">italicizes non-English material in a Latin script</a>, so for minor works <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|italic=no</code> should be set to prevent the title from being italicized, e.g.: <code>"{{lang|de|italic=no|Hymnus an den heiligen Geist}}"</code>. This is because non-English proper names, including titles of minor works, should not be in italics. See the template documentation for complicated markup situations, such as use within a piped link. </p><p><b>Series, franchise, and fictional universe names</b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">See <a href="#Series_titles">§ Series titles</a>.</span> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Indefinite_and_definite_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Indefinite_and_definite_articles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Indefinite_and_definite_articles"></span>Indefinite and definite articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Indefinite_and_definite_articles"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Indefinite and definite articles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:THETITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:THETITLE&redirect=no">MOS:THETITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A leading <i>A</i>, <i>An</i>, or <i>The</i> is preserved in the title of a work, including when preceded by a possessive or other construction that would eliminate the article in something other than a title, e.g.: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Stephen King's <i>The Stand</i></span>; however, <i>the</i> is sometimes not part of the title itself, e.g.: <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <i>Odyssey</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">the <i>Los Angeles Times</i></span></a> but <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>The New York Times</i></span></a>. </p><p>The leading article may be dropped when the title is used as a modifier: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">According to a <i>New York Times</i> article by ...</span>. </p><p>An indefinite or definite article is <a href="#Capital_letters">capitalized</a> only when at the start of a title, subtitle, or embedded title or subtitle. For example, a book chapter titled "An Examination of <i>The Americans</i>: The Anachronisms in FX's Period Spy Drama" contains three capitalized leading articles (main title "An", embedded title "<i>The</i>", and subtitle "The"). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Translations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Translations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Translations"></span>Translations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Translations"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Translations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>For works originally named in languages other than English, use <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">WP:COMMONNAME</a> to determine whether the original title or an English language version should be used as the article title. For works best known by their title in a language other than English, an English translation of that title may be helpful. If the work is also well known by an English title, give the English translation in parentheses following normal formatting for titles: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Les Liaisons dangereuses</i> (<i>Dangerous Liaisons</i>)</span>. Where the work is not known by an English title, give the translation in parentheses without special formatting in sentence case: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen</i> (Weeping, lamenting, worrying, fearing)</span>. In references, square brackets are used: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>Il Giornale dell'Architettura</i> [The journal of architecture]</span>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Typographic_effects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Typographic_effects"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Typographic_effects"></span>Typographic effects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Typographic_effects"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Typographic effects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks</a></div> <p>Do not attempt (with HTML, Unicode, wikimarkup, inline images, or any other method) to emulate any purely typographic effects used in titles when giving the title in Wikipedia, though an article on a work may also include a note about how it is often styled, e.g. in marketing materials. When giving such a stylization, it is not italicized or placed in quotation marks as a title; this confuses readers, who are apt to think such markup is part of the stylization when it is not. </p> <ul><li>Right: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i><b>Alien 3</b></i> (stylized as ALIEN<sup>3</sup>) is a 1992 American science-fiction horror film.</span></li> <li>Wrong: <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>ALIEN<sup>3</sup></i> initially received mixed reviews from critics.</span></li></ul> <p>For typographic effects that do not represent actual mathematical or scientific usage, it is preferable to use HTML or wiki markup, not Unicode equivalents, for superscript and subscript. When giving a stylization, do not attempt to mimic specific fonts, font size quirks, uneven letter placement, coloration, letters replaced with images, unusual upper- or lower-casing, or other visual marketing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">WP:Manual of Style/Trademarks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">WP:Manual of Style/Capital letters</a>)</span>. </p><p>If a stylization that readers might look for can be created as an article title, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> it to the actual article, and include <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R_from_stylization" title="Template:R from stylization">R from stylization</a>}}</code> on the redirect page: <a href="/wiki/ALIEN%C2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="ALIEN³">ALIEN³</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Semantic_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic markup">Semantic markup</a> and special characters in titles should be preserved when they convey meaning not just decoration, especially if omitting them would make the title difficult to understand or cause it to not copy-paste correctly. Examples: </p> <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">According to section 4.5.28, "The <span style="font-family: monospace;">span</span> element", in <i>HTML 5.2: W3C Recommendation</i></span><br>This should not be done for titles inside <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates, however, as it will negatively affect COinS metadata output.</li></ul> <p>Quotation marks simply used as a form of title stylization on a cover are removed. They are retained within a title when reliable sourcing demonstrates they indicate an actual quotation, or <a href="/wiki/Scare_quotes" title="Scare quotes">sarcasm</a>, as in our article title for the song <a href="/wiki/Are_%22Friends%22_Electric%3F" title='Are "Friends" Electric?'>Are "Friends" Electric?</a>. If the title is put into double quotation marks as a minor work, its interior quotation marks are rendered as single quotes: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Are 'Friends' Electric?"</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When giving a quoted title that begins or ends with an interior quotation mark, the templates <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%22%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:"'">"'</a>}}</code> and <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%27%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:'"">'"</a>}}</code>, respectively, can be used to <a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">kern</a> the double and single quotation marks apart for better readability; this should not be done inside citation templates, just in running prose. Interior quotation marks in an italicized title go within the italics. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Typographic_conformity" data-mw-thread-id="h-Typographic_conformity"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Typographic_conformity"></span>Typographic conformity<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Typographic_conformity"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Typographic conformity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Typographic_conformity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Typographic conformity</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CONFORMTITLE"></span><span id="MOS:TITLECONFORM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CONFORMTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:CONFORMTITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TITLECONFORM&redirect=no">MOS:TITLECONFORM</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Generally, the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Typographic_conformity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">guidelines on typographic conformity in quoted material</a> also apply to titles of works, including normalization of dashes and quotation marks, conversion of various emphasis techniques, cleanup of punctuation, and use of italics for things like scientific names of species. </p><p>Some special considerations: </p> <ul><li>Inside a <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">citation template</a>, <em>do not</em> use formatting templates like <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Em" title="Template:Em">em</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a>}}</code>, or raw HTML markup like <code class="nowrap" style=""><em>...</em></code>, in the titles of the work, author(s) names, or any of <a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation#COinS" title="Template:Citation Style documentation">the other parameters</a> in which extended markup should be avoided. Using such code in them pollutes the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS" title="Wikipedia:COinS">COinS</a> metadata emitted by the templates, for use with <a href="/wiki/Reference_management_software" title="Reference management software">reference management software</a>. To italicize or boldface something in a title, use basic wikimarkup, e.g.: <code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">{{Cite journal |title=Gray wolf (''Canis lupus'') is a natural definitive host for ''Neospora caninum'' |date=...}}</span></code>. It will be filtered out of the COinS metadata, as will wikilinks, but most other markup will not be.</li> <li>An entirely boldfaced, all-caps, underlined, neon-green, or otherwise stylized title in the source material is not interpreted as a form of emphasis. This includes partial titles; e.g., a newspaper might have an in-house convention for all-caps in the first part of a title and all-lowercase in a subtitle: something like <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">"JOHNSON WINS RUNOFF ELECTION: incumbent leads by at least 18% as polls close"</span> should be rendered on Wikipedia as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Johnson Wins Runoff Election: Incumbent Leads by at Least 18% as Polls Close"</span> or <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Johnson wins runoff election: Incumbent leads by at least 18% as polls close"</span>, depending on title-case or sentence-case for periodical sources in the citation style used in the article.</li> <li>A particular specially treated word within an otherwise plain title probably will need markup, however. In such a case, convert any such highlighting to plain wiki ''...'' markup in a citation template, but <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Em" title="Template:Em">em</a>}}</code> markup when the title is mentioned in running text, if the intent was emphasis. Italics used by convention to indicate a non-English expression, a legal case name, a movie title, a species scientific name, etc., are not emphasis and just take ''...'' markup.</li> <li>Titles of works that should be italicized receive this treatment inside another title. E.g., convert a newspaper title like <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">"Ben Daniels Joins Cast of 'The Crown' for Season Three"</span> to <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Ben Daniels Joins Cast of <i>The Crown</i> for Season Three"</span>. This includes in a citation template as well as in running text.</li> <li>Abbreviations in titles of works should be left as-is, and do not need any linking or markup; if the abbreviation is contextually important, it should be treated in the main article prose. Use of the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Abbr" title="Template:Abbr">abbr</a>}}</code> template in particular should not be done in citation templates, except in the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote=</code> parameter (which is free-form text and does not generate metadata).</li> <li>Do not inject [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] or the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Sic" title="Template:Sic">sic</a>}}</code> into a work title. If it seems important to use, do it after the title. Within a citation, it is better to use an HTML comment, e.g. <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=The Compleat Gamester</code>. Do not use the templated version of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Sic" title="Template:Sic">sic</a>}}</code> inside citation template data at all, except in the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote=</code> parameter.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Abbreviation_of_long_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Abbreviation_of_long_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Abbreviation_of_long_titles"></span>Abbreviation of long titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Abbreviation_of_long_titles"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Abbreviation of long titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:ABBRTITLE"></span><span id="MOS:ITALICABBR"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ABBRTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:ABBRTITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ITALICABBR&redirect=no">MOS:ITALICABBR</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations</a></div> <p>When it is impractical to keep repeating a long title in the same article, it is permissible to use a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">source-attested</a> abbreviation of it. This can be introduced in parentheses, with or without a parenthetical "hereafter", at an early occurrence in the page: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" (hereafter "ITEOTWAWKI")</span>. Some other examples include <i><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">OED</span></i> for the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, <i><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">LotR</span></i> for <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, and <i><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">STII:TWoK</span></i> for <i>Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan</i>. It is not necessary to use <a href="/wiki/Camel_case" title="Camel case">camel case</a>, as in <i><span class="example deprecated-content example-deprecated" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-subtle, #696969);">LotR</span></i>, unless most of the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliable sources</a> prefer such a spelling. Such an abbreviation need not be mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> of the article unless the work is very commonly known by the abbreviation (e.g., <i><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">GTA</span></i> for the <i>Grand Theft Auto</i> video game series), or the lead is long and the abbreviation is needed in the lead. </p><p>A common convention in literary and film reviews is to use the first major word or two from the title (or subtitle, for franchise works) in the same manner, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Roger Ebert gave <i>Eternal Sunshine</i> a rating of ..."</span>, for <i><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Sunshine_of_the_Spotless_Mind" title="Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind">Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind</a></i>. Although this approach may be also used on Wikipedia, it can seem unencyclopedically colloquial if used for works that have short titles to begin with. It is common to shorten a reference to a work in a series to just its subtitle on second and later mention, or when the context already makes it clear what the overarching title is. However, avoid this usage if confusion could occur, as when the abbreviated form could refer to another element in the same franchise that is also mentioned in our article (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><i>Shannara</i> adapts literary high fantasy ...</span> would not work well at our article on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shannara_Chronicles" title="The Shannara Chronicles">The Shannara Chronicles</a></i>, because "Shannara" appears in the titles of the books on which the TV series is based). Abbreviated forms should be retained as-is in direct quotations, and may be clarified if necessary with square-bracketed editorial insertions. </p><p>In all cases, such abbreviations follow the italic or quotation-marked style of the full title. </p><p>Titles or what could be taken for titles <em>should</em> be trimmed, both in main text and in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">reference citations</a>, to remove extraneous and reader-unhelpful injections. A common case is navigational website interface elements, such as <a href="/wiki/Breadcrumb_(navigation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadcrumb (navigation)">breadcrumbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtags</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Keyword_advertising" title="Keyword advertising">keyword links</a> appearing in front of or after the article title <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">per se</i></span>. Another frequent example is author, department/column, or publication names put inline with the title. Less often, a website (especially in an officially bilingual country like Canada) may include an English title and a translation in another language as a co-title. Another case is marking exclamations, e.g. "Exclusive:" or "Breaking:" at the start, though sometimes tacked on at the end <span class="nowrap">("... – Exclusive!")</span>. Including these serves no encyclopedic or citation-verification purpose. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Credit_abbreviations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Credit_abbreviations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Credit_abbreviations"></span>Credit abbreviations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Credit_abbreviations"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Credit abbreviations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations#Songwriting_credits" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations § Songwriting credits</a>, for usage of composition and performance credit abbreviations, including "feat.", "arr.", and "trad."</span> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For complete guidance on the handling of titles of works, see further detail at the following pages (until the material is better consolidated): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">WP:Article titles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TITLE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TITLE">WP:TITLE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TITLES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TITLES">WP:TITLES</a>) for the policy on what a title should <i>be</i>, i.e. the name chosen to indicate what an article is about and to distinguish it from other articles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">WP:Manual of Style § Titles of works</a> (which summarizes the key points)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">WP:Manual of Style § Italics §§ Titles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Names_and_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">WP:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Names and titles</a> (both summarize details provided on the page below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Names_and_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">WP:Manual of Style § Punctuation §§ Quotation marks §§§ Names and titles</a> (summarizes details provided on the page below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">WP:Manual of Style/Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music#Capitalization" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">WP:Manual of Style/Music § Capitalization</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exception: For articles on legal topics that use <a href="/wiki/Bluebook" title="Bluebook"><i>Bluebook</i> legal citations</a> (uncommon, but permissible by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">WP:Citing sources § Citation style</a>), case names are italicized in the body of the article (<i>Bluebook</i> Rule 2.2(a)(i)) but are in normal (roman) type in the reference list (<i>Bluebook</i> Rule 2.1(a)).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When used by Wikipedia in a reference citation, any website or other online publication is being cited <em>as a published work</em>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Definition_of_a_source" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">by definition</a>; Wikipedia does not cite companies, individuals, or other entities, only works published by them. As with sources in any medium, titles of minor works (e.g., online articles) go in quotation marks, and titles of major works (e.g. websites) go in italics, even if they would not be italicized in running text as services, companies, etc. Our <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_style_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Citation style 1">citation templates</a> already apply this quotation-marking and italicization automatically. A website with no clear title other than its domain name is treated as having the minimal form of the domain name as its title (e.g., drop "www." if the URL works without it; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">for more on display of domain names, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking#Link_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">WP:Manual of Style/Linking § Link titles</a></span>). Whether the publisher name is substantially the same as the work name is immaterial; as the citation template documentation instructs, in such a case the publisher (not work) should be omitted as redundant. Do not abuse incorrect template parameters (e.g. by putting the work title in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|via=</code>) in an attempt to avoid italicizing digital sources. This has been the subject of numerous consensus discussions, the most recently conclusive of which is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITALICSRFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITALICSRFC">WP:CITALICSRFC</a> (October 2019). Online services that are simply conduits for others' independent publishing are better coded as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|via=</code>. E.g.: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Cite web</a>|title=How 2021 was celebrated around the world|work=BBC News|via=YouTube|...}}</code>; <i>BBC News</i> is an entire YouTube channel (i.e., a major work), and YouTube has nothing to do with its editorial creation. (That <i>BBC News</i> is also the title of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://bbc.com/news">https://bbc.com/news</a> website and of BBC's television and radio programming operations is irrelevant.) A citation of the YouTube terms of service, as an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ABOUTSELF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ABOUTSELF">WP:ABOUTSELF</a> source regarding YouTube, would use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=YouTube</code>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Say_where_you_read_it" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">WP:Citing sources § Say where you read it</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Template%3AAuto+italic+title&namespace=10&limit=50&hidelinks=1&hideredirs=1">List of templates automatically handling italicization.</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-speech-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-speech_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-speech_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The title given to Martin Luther King Jr.'s <a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">"I Have a Dream" speech</a> appears in quotation marks because it quotes a line in the speech; the title given to Nixon's <a href="/wiki/Checkers_speech" title="Checkers speech">Checkers speech</a> does not appear in quotation marks because it is derived from the name of a dog mentioned in the speech, rather than a passage quoted from the speech.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sentence_case-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sentence_case_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wikipedia uses <a href="/wiki/Sentence_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentence case">sentence case</a> for sentences, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">article titles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">section titles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">table headers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">image captions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">list entries</a> (in most cases), and entries in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Infobox" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Infobox">infoboxes</a> and similar templates, among other things. Any instructions in MoS about the start of a sentence apply to items using sentence case, and vice versa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first "word" of the title may consist of a symbol (letter, numeral, emoji, etc.) standing for one or more words; do not capitalize the first word after this if it would not normally be capitalized. The same applies to the last word before such a symbol that ends the title. Examples: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">"6</span> to Go"</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">"U</span> in the Back"</span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Shooting for the <span class="nowrap">8"</span></span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"A Pain in the <span class="nowrap">❤️"</span></span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"From Me to <span class="nowrap">U"</span></span>. Symbols in series are treated the same way: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="nowrap">"4 U</span> to Know"</span>. A partial symbol substitution that starts with a letter is treated as the word it represents, e.g. "Fate" represented by <span class="nowrap">"F8"</span>, "the" represented by <span class="nowrap">"th3"</span>. An ellipsis (<span class="nowrap"><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">...</span></span>) or dash (<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">–</span> or <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">—</span>) indicating a truncated expression at the end of a title is treated as the last "word", so a word before it is treated as mid-sentence usage: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"What in the Name <span class="nowrap">of ...?"</span></span> or <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"What in the Name <span class="nowrap">of –?"</span></span>. An exception is when this indicates a <em>mid-word</em> truncation, in which case treat the word fragment as the last "word": <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Hey, Watch <span class="nowrap">Thi—"</span></span>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(See <a href="/wiki/MOS:ELLIPSIS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ELLIPSIS">MOS:ELLIPSIS</a> and <a href="/wiki/MOS:DASH" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DASH">MOS:DASH</a> for how to use these characters, including their spacing.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phrasal-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phrasal_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term <i>phrasal verb</i> has conflicting meanings. According to <i>English Grammar Today</i> (Carter, McCarthy, Mark, and O'Keefee, 2016, as quoted by <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/about-verbs/verbs-multi-word-verbs">[1]</a>): "Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and one or two particles or prepositions (e.g. <i>up</i>, <i>over</i>, <i>in</i>, <i>down</i>). There are three types of multi-word verbs: phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Sometimes, the name 'phrasal verb' is used to refer to all three types." For capitalizing in titles, <i>phrasal verb</i> is meant in the narrow sense (of verb + particle) only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Consensus discussions have sometimes concluded in favor of an exception to the five-letter preposition rule, for cases that present unique facts. See, for example, multiple discussions in the archives of <a href="/wiki/Talk:Star_Trek_Into_Darkness" title="Talk:Star Trek Into Darkness">Talk:<i>Star Trek Into Darkness</i></a>, in which it was determined that the title is a play on words, with "Into" serving simultaneously as the start of a subtitle and as a mid-title preposition, and is found capitalized in almost all independent sources. An outlying case like this is not dispositive of how Wikipedia normally treats "into" in mid-title.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Five-letter rule exception, for uncommon prepositions and consistent capitalization in reliable sources, on a per-topic basis, added per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_148#RFC_on_capitalization_of_prepositions" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)/Archive 148">December 2018 RfC</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An unusual case is the retention of quotation marks around the entire titles of David Bowie's album <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>"Heroes"</i></span> and single <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Heroes<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</span>. This was done because reliable sources made it clear that the markup was intentional indication of <a href="/wiki/Irony#Verbal_irony" title="Irony">verbal irony</a> by Bowie, i.e. to suggest "so-called heroes". Such typographic quirks are too subtle and inconsistently applied to qualify for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SMALLDETAILS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SMALLDETAILS">WP:SMALLDETAILS</a>, so the actual article titles are disambiguated as, respectively, <a href="/wiki/%22Heroes%22_(David_Bowie_album)" class="mw-redirect" title='"Heroes" (David Bowie album)'><i>"Heroes"</i> (David Bowie album)</a> and <a href="/wiki/%22Heroes%22_(David_Bowie_song)" title='"Heroes" (David Bowie song)'>"Heroes" (David Bowie song)</a>. See talk page archives of these two articles for the consensus discussions that produced these special-case results, which are not indicative of how Wikipedia normally treats quotation marks around titles. See also the TV-episode article <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simpson_in:_%22Screaming_Yellow_Honkers%22" title='Marge Simpson in: "Screaming Yellow Honkers"'>Marge Simpson in: "Screaming Yellow Honkers"</a>, the title of which would be given as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">"Marge Simpson in: 'Screaming Yellow Honkers<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</span> in running text.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of 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title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a 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Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> 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