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carcinoma</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: bronchogenic carcinoma"> <meta name="keywords" content="bronchogenic carcinoma"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="bronchogenic carcinoma"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 360</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: bronchogenic carcinoma</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">360</span> Exploring the Relationship Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and the Incidence of Bronchogenic Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20R.%20Garcia">Jose R. Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lexi%20Frankel"> Lexi Frankel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amalia%20Ardeljan"> Amalia Ardeljan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Medina"> Sergio Medina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Yasback"> Ali Yasback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Rashid"> Omar Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that affects nearly half of the population worldwide and humans serve as the principal reservoir. Infection rates usually follow an inverse relationship with hygiene practices and are higher in developing countries than developed countries. Incidence varies significantly by geographic area, race, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status. H. pylori is primarily associated with conditions of the gastrointestinal tract such as atrophic gastritis and duodenal peptic ulcers. Infection is also associated with an increased risk of carcinogenesis as there is evidence to show that H. pylori infection may lead to gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. It is suggested that H. pylori infection may be considered as a systemic condition, leading to various novel associations with several different neoplasms such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer, although further research is needed. Emerging evidence suggests that H. pylori infection may offer protective effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a result of non-specific induction of interferon- γ (IFN- γ). Similar methods of enhanced immunity may affect the development of bronchogenic carcinoma due to the antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and cytostatic functions of IFN- γ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma. Methods: The data was provided by a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant national database to evaluate the patients infected versus patients not infected with H. pylori using ICD-10 and ICD-9 codes. Access to the database was granted by the Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale for the purpose of academic research. Standard statistical methods were used. Results:-Between January 2010 and December 2019, the query was analyzed and resulted in 163,224 in both the infected and control group, respectively. The two groups were matched by age range and CCI score. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma was 1.853% with 3,024 patients in the H. pylori group compared to 4.785% with 7,810 patients in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p < 2.22x10-16) with an odds ratio of 0.367 (0.353 - 0.383) with a confidence interval of 95%. The two groups were matched by treatment and incidence of cancer, which resulted in a total of 101,739 patients analyzed after this match. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma was 1.929% with 1,962 patients in the H. pylori and treatment group compared to 4.618% with 4,698 patients in the control group with treatment. The difference was statistically significant (p < 2.22x10-16) with an odds ratio of 0.403 (0.383 - 0.425) with a confidence interval of 95%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchogenic%20carcinoma" title="bronchogenic carcinoma">bronchogenic carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helicobacter%20pylori" title=" helicobacter pylori"> helicobacter pylori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogen-associated%20molecular%20patterns" title=" pathogen-associated molecular patterns"> pathogen-associated molecular patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140207/exploring-the-relationship-between-helicobacter-pylori-infection-and-the-incidence-of-bronchogenic-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">359</span> Synchronous Carcinoma Cervix with Vulvar Carcinoma in situ: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhushan%20Bhalgat">Bhushan Bhalgat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20Singh"> Suresh Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phanindra%20Swain"> Phanindra Swain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Kishore%20Lakhera"> Kamal Kishore Lakhera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carcinoma of cervix and carcinoma of vulva have been associated with common predisposing factors like human papillomavirus and smoking. Skip metastases and metachronous appearance of both these tumours have been reported. There is no case report showing synchronous appearance of these tumours in English literature. We herewith report a case report of a middle aged female patient who presented with per vaginal bleeding, and on examination, a cervical mass was palpable. Also, a proliferative growth was seen over her left vulva. Biopsy of both lesions came out to be squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma in situ, respectively. A radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodal dissection was performed along with left simple vulvectomy. This thereby underscores that any lesion over vulva appearing during or after treatment of cervical carcinoma should be biopsied to rule out vulvar carcinoma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinoma%20of%20cervix" title="carcinoma of cervix">carcinoma of cervix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinoma%20of%20vulva" title=" carcinoma of vulva"> carcinoma of vulva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20tumours" title=" synchronous tumours"> synchronous tumours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gynecological%20oncology" title=" gynecological oncology"> gynecological oncology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125647/synchronous-carcinoma-cervix-with-vulvar-carcinoma-in-situ-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">358</span> The Differences of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Serum to Determine Follicular Adenoma and Follicular Carcinoma of Thyroid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tery%20Nehemia%20Nugraha%20Joseph">Tery Nehemia Nugraha Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20P.%20Wisnubroto"> J. D. P. Wisnubroto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thyroid cancer is a healthcare problem with high morbidity and mortality. Follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma are thyroid tumors from the thyroid follicular cells differentiation with a microfollicular pattern that consists of follicular cuboidal cells. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent and powerful mitogen for endothelial cells and increases vascular permeability. Therefore, due to an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), VEGF production is activated in the thyroid that leads to the end of mitogenic TSH stimulation and initiation of angiogenesis. The differences in VEGF levels in the follicular carcinoma of thyroid tissue with follicular adenoma thyroid can be used as a basis in differentiating the two types of neoplasms. This study aims to analyze VEGF in the serum so that it can be used to differentiate the types of thyroid carcinoma before surgery. This study uses a cross-sectional research design. Samples were carried out by taking serum samples, and the VEGF levels were calculated. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The results found a significant difference between VEGF levels in the follicular carcinoma thyroid group and VEGF levels in the follicular adenoma thyroid group with a value of p = 0.007 (p < 0.05). The results obtained are 560,427 ± 160,506 ng/mL in the type of follicular carcinoma thyroid and 320.943 ± 134.573 ng/mL in the type of follicular adenoma thyroid. VEGF levels between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma are different. VEGF levels are higher in follicular carcinoma thyroid than follicular adenoma thyroid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=follicular%20adenoma%20thyroid" title="follicular adenoma thyroid">follicular adenoma thyroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=follicular%20carcinoma%20thyroid" title=" follicular carcinoma thyroid"> follicular carcinoma thyroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid" title=" thyroid"> thyroid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VEGF" title=" VEGF"> VEGF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136980/the-differences-of-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-levels-in-serum-to-determine-follicular-adenoma-and-follicular-carcinoma-of-thyroid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">357</span> Extrapulmonary Gastrointestinal Small Cell Carcinoma: A Single Institute Experience of 14 Patients from a Low Middle Income Country </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awais%20Naeem">Awais Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Shakeel"> Osama Shakeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faizan%20Ullah"> Faizan Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Wahid%20Anwer"> Abdul Wahid Anwer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: To study the clinic-pathological factors, diagnostic factors and survival of extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma. Methodology: From 1995 to 2017 all patients with a diagnosis of extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma were included in the study. Demographic variables and clinic-pathological factors were collected. Management of disease was recorded. Short and long term oncological outcomes were recorded. All data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 14 patients were included in the study. Median age was 53.42 +/- 16.1 years. There were 5 male and 9 female patients. Most common presentation was dysphagia in 16 patient among esophageal small cell carcinoma and while other patient had pain in abdomen. Mean duration of symptoms was 4.23+/-2.91 months .Most common site is esophagus (n=6) followed by gall bladder(n=3). Almost all of the patients received chemo-radiotherapy. Majority of the patient presented with extensive disease. Five patients (35.7%) died during the follow up period, two (14.3%) were alive and rest of the patients were lost to follow up. Mean follow up period was 22.92 months and median follow up was 15 months. Conclusion: Extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma is rare and needs to be managed aggressively. All patients should be treated with both systemic and local therapies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cell%20carcinoma%20of%20esophagus" title="small cell carcinoma of esophagus">small cell carcinoma of esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrapulmonary%20small%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma"> extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cell%20carcinoma%20of%20gall%20bladder" title=" small cell carcinoma of gall bladder"> small cell carcinoma of gall bladder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cell%20carcinoma%20of%20rectum" title=" small cell carcinoma of rectum"> small cell carcinoma of rectum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20cell%20carcinoma%20of%20stomach" title=" small cell carcinoma of stomach"> small cell carcinoma of stomach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104995/extrapulmonary-gastrointestinal-small-cell-carcinoma-a-single-institute-experience-of-14-patients-from-a-low-middle-income-country" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">356</span> Evaluation of P16, Human Papillomavirus Capsid Protein L1 and Ki67 in Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions: Potential Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Alsaeid%20Alshenawy">Hanan Alsaeid Alshenawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cervical dysplasia, which is potentially precancerous, has increased in young women. Detection of cervical is important for reducing morbidity and mortality in cervical cancer. This study analyzes the immunohistochemical expression of p16, HPV L1 capsid protein and Ki67 in cervical intraepithelial lesions and correlates them with lesion grade to develop a set of markers for diagnosis and detect the prognosis of cervical cancer precursors. Methods: 75 specimens were analyzed including 15 cases CIN 1, 28 CIN 2, 20 CIN 3, and 12 cervical squamous carcinoma, besides 10 normal cervical tissues. They were stained for p16, HPV L1 and Ki-67. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy were evaluated for each marker. Results: p16 expression increased during the progression from CIN 1 to carcinoma. HPV L1 positivity was detected in CIN 2 and decreased gradually as the CIN grade increased but disappear in carcinoma. Strong Ki-67 expression was observed with high grades CIN and carcinoma. p16, HPV L1 and Ki67 were sensitive but with variable specificity in detecting CIN lesions. Conclusions: p16, HPV L1 and Ki67 are useful set of markers in establishing the risk of high-grade CIN. They complete each other to reach accurate diagnosis and prognosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p16" title="p16">p16</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPV%20L1" title=" HPV L1"> HPV L1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki67" title=" Ki67"> Ki67</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CIN" title=" CIN"> CIN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20carcinoma" title=" cervical carcinoma"> cervical carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19766/evaluation-of-p16-human-papillomavirus-capsid-protein-l1-and-ki67-in-cervical-intraepithelial-lesions-potential-utility-in-diagnosis-and-prognosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">355</span> Etiological Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Five-Year Study at Mayo Hospital Lahore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Hassan">Muhammad Umar Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renal cell carcinoma is a subset of kidney cancer that arises in the lining of DCT and is present in parenchymal tissue. Diagnosis is based on lab reports, including urinalysis, renal function tests (RFTs), and electrolyte balance, along with imaging techniques. Organ failure and other complications have been commonly observed in these cases. Over the years, the presentation of patients has varied, so carcinoma was classified on the basis of site, shape, and consistency for detailed analysis. Lifestyle patterns and occupational history were inquired about and recorded. Methods: Data from 100 patients presenting to the oncology and nephrology department of Mayo Hospital in the year 2015-2020 were included in this retrospective study on a random basis. The study was specifically focused on three risk factors. Smoking, occupational exposures, and Hakim medicine are taken by the patient for any cause. After procurement of data, follow-up contacts of these patients were established, resulting in a detailed analysis of lifestyle. Conclusion: The inference drawn is a direct causal link between smoking, industrial workplace exposure, and Hakim medicine with the development of Renal Cell Carcinoma. It was shown in the majority of the patients and hence confirmed our hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal%20cell%20carcinoma" title="renal cell carcinoma">renal cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20cancer" title=" kidney cancer"> kidney cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clear%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" clear cell carcinoma"> clear cell carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161412/etiological-factors-for-renal-cell-carcinoma-five-year-study-at-mayo-hospital-lahore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">354</span> Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Pleural Effusion- A Very Rare Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Abutalib">Mohammed A. Abutalib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the most common type of thyroid cancer, a well-differentiated type. PTC is featured by biologically low-grade and less aggressive tumors with a survival rate of 10 years in most of the diagnosed cases. PTC can be presented with the involvement of cervical lymph nodes in about 50% of the patients, yet the distant spread is very uncommon. Herein, we discussed an early 50-year-old male patient with a history of PTC that presented to the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath and a radiological finding of hydrothorax. Cytologic examination, together with immune-histochemical staining and molecular studies of pleural effusion aspiration, concluded the definitive diagnosis of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in the pleural space. PTC seldom causes metastatic niches in the pleural space, and this is a rare clinical presentation; nevertheless, a differential diagnosis of thyroid metastasis needs to be excluded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20cancer" title="thyroid cancer">thyroid cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malignant%20pleural%20effusion" title=" malignant pleural effusion"> malignant pleural effusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytology%20aspiration" title=" cytology aspiration"> cytology aspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=papillary%20thyroid%20carcinoma" title=" papillary thyroid carcinoma"> papillary thyroid carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164368/metastatic-papillary-thyroid-carcinoma-in-pleural-effusion-a-very-rare-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">353</span> Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Five Rare Pathological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyuan%20Chen">Xiaoyuan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological and clinical features of five rare subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to create a competing risk nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival. Methods: This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to analyze the clinicopathological data of 50,218 patients with classic HCC and five rare subtypes (ICD-O-3 Histology Code=8170/3-8175/3) between 2004 and 2018. The annual percent change (APC) was calculated using Joinpoint regression, and a nomogram was developed based on multivariable competing risk survival analyses. The prognostic performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, C-index, calibration curve, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Decision curve analysis was used to assess the clinical value of the models. Results: The incidence of scirrhous carcinoma showed a decreasing trend (APC=-6.8%, P=0.025), while the morbidity of other rare subtypes remained stable from 2004 to 2018. The incidence-based mortality plateau in all subtypes during the period. Clear cell carcinoma was the most common subtype (n=551, 1.1%), followed by fibrolamellar (n=241, 0.5%), scirrhous (n=82, 0.2%), spindle cell (n=61, 0.1%), and pleomorphic (n=17, ~0%) carcinomas. Patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma were younger and more likely to have non-cirrhotic liver and better prognoses. Scirrhous carcinoma shared almost the same macro clinical characteristics and outcomes as classic HCC. Clear cell carcinoma tended to occur in the Asia-Pacific elderly male population, and more than half of them were large HCC (Size>5cm). Sarcomatoid (including spindle cell and pleomorphic) carcinoma was associated with larger tumor size, poorer differentiation, and more dismal prognoses. The pathological subtype, T stage, M stage, surgery, alpha-fetoprotein, and cancer history were identified as independent predictors in patients with rare subtypes. The nomogram showed good calibration, discrimination, and net benefits in clinical practice. Conclusion: The rare subtypes of HCC had distinct clinicopathological features and biological behaviors compared with classic HCC. Our findings could provide a valuable reference for clinicians. The constructed nomogram could accurately predict prognoses, which is beneficial for individualized management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title="hepatocellular carcinoma">hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathological%20subtype" title=" pathological subtype"> pathological subtype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibrolamellar%20carcinoma" title=" fibrolamellar carcinoma"> fibrolamellar carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scirrhous%20carcinoma" title=" scirrhous carcinoma"> scirrhous carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clear%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" clear cell carcinoma"> clear cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spindle%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" spindle cell carcinoma"> spindle cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pleomorphic%20carcinoma" title=" pleomorphic carcinoma"> pleomorphic carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163602/epidemiological-and-clinical-characteristics-of-five-rare-pathological-subtypes-of-hepatocellular-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">352</span> Combination of Diane-35 and Metformin to Treat Early Endometrial Carcinoma in PCOS Women with Insulin Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Li">Xin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Rong%20Guo"> Yan-Rong Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Fang%20Lin"> Jin-Fang Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Feng"> Yi Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A5kan%20Billig"> Håkan Billig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruijin%20Shao"> Ruijin Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a high risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. There is a need for the development of new medical therapies that can reduce the need for surgical intervention so as to preserve the fertility of these patients. The aim of the study was to describe and discuss cases of PCOS and insulin resistance (IR) women with early endometrial carcinoma while being co-treated with Diane-35 and metformin. Methods: Five PCOS-IR women who were scheduled for diagnosis and therapy for early endometrial carcinoma were recruited. The hospital records and endometrial pathology reports were reviewed. All patients were co-treated with Diane-35 and metformin for 6 months to reverse the endometrial carcinoma and preserve their fertility. Before, during, and after treatment, endometrial biopsies and blood samples were obtained and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Endometrial pathology was evaluated. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), insulin area under curve (IAUC), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. Results: Clinical stage 1a, low grade endometrial carcinoma was confirmed before treatment. After 6 months of co-treatment, all patients showed normal epithelia. No evidence of atypical hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma was found. Co-treatment resulted in significant decreases in BW, BMI, TT, FAI, IAUC, and HOMA-IR in parallel with a significant increase in SHBG. There were no differences in the FSH and LH levels after co-treatment. Conclusions: Combined treatment with Diane-35 and metformin has the potential to revert the endometrial carcinoma into normal endometrial cells in PCOS-IR women. The cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this effect merit further investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCOS" title="PCOS">PCOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progesterone%20resistance" title=" progesterone resistance"> progesterone resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin%20resistance" title=" insulin resistance"> insulin resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steroid%20hormone%20receptors" title=" steroid hormone receptors"> steroid hormone receptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endometrial%20carcinoma" title=" endometrial carcinoma"> endometrial carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5720/combination-of-diane-35-and-metformin-to-treat-early-endometrial-carcinoma-in-pcos-women-with-insulin-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">351</span> Patterns of Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions in Hail Region: A Retrospective Study at King Khalid Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laila%20Seada">Laila Seada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Ibrahim"> Ashraf Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Al%20Shammari"> Amjad Al Shammari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of females in Hail region, accounting for 31% of all diagnosed cancer cases followed by thyroid carcinoma (25%) and colorectal carcinoma (13%). Methods: In the present retrospective study, all cases of breast lesions received at the histopathology department in King Khalid Hospital, Hail, during the period from May 2011 to April 2016 have been retrieved from department files. For all cases, a trucut biopsy, lumpectomy, or modified radical mastectomy was available for histopathologic diagnosis, while 105/140 (75%) had, as well, preoperative fine needle aspirates (FNA). Results: 49 cases out of 140 (35%) breast lesions were carcinomas: 44/49 (89.75%) was invasive ductal, 2/49(4.1%) invasive lobular carcinomas, 1/49(2.05%) intracystic low grade papillary carcinoma and 2/49 (4.1%) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Mean age for malignant cases was 45.06 (+/-10.58): 32.6% were below the age of 40 and 30.6 below 50 years, 18.3% below 60 and 16.3% below 70 years. For the benign group, mean age was 32.52 (+/10.5) years. Benign lesions were in order of frequency: 34 fibroadenomas, 14 fibrocystic disease, 12 chronic mastitis, five granulomatous mastitis, three intraductal papillomas, and three benign phyllodes tumor. Tubular adenoma, lipoma, skin nevus, pilomatrixoma, and breast reduction specimens constituted the remaining specimens. Conclusion: Breast lesions are common in our series and invasive carcinoma accounts for more than 1/3<sup>rd</sup> of the lumps, with 63.2% incidence in pre-menopausal ladies, below the age of 50 years. FNA as a non-invasive procedure, proved to be an effective tool in diagnosing both benign and malignant/suspicious breast lumps and should continue to be used as a first assessment line of palpable breast masses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20incidence" title="age incidence">age incidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20carcinoma" title=" breast carcinoma"> breast carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20needle%20aspiration" title=" fine needle aspiration"> fine needle aspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hail%20region" title=" hail region"> hail region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72605/patterns-of-malignant-and-benign-breast-lesions-in-hail-region-a-retrospective-study-at-king-khalid-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">350</span> Development of a Novel Score for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20A.%20El-Mezayen">Hatem A. El-Mezayen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossam%20Darwesh"> Hossam Darwesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background/Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed at advanced stage where effective therapies are lacking. Identification of new scoring system is needed to discriminate HCC patients from those with chronic liver disease. Based on the link between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and HCC progression, we aimed to develop a novel score based on combination of VEGF and routine laboratory tests for early prediction of HCC. Methods: VEGF was assayed for HCC group (123), liver cirrhosis group (210) and control group (50) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data from all groups were retrospectively analyzed including α feto protein (AFP), international normalized ratio (INR), albumin and platelet count, transaminases, and age. Areas under ROC curve were used to develop the score. Results: A novel index named hepatocellular carcinoma-vascular endothelial growth factor score (HCC-VEGF score)=1.26 (numerical constant) + 0.05 ×AFP (U L-1)+0.038 × VEGF(ng ml-1)+0.004× INR –1.02 × Albumin (g l-1)–0.002 × Platelet count × 109 l-1 was developed. HCC-VEGF score produce area under ROC curve of 0.98 for discriminating HCC patients from liver cirrhosis with sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 82% at cut-off 4.4 (ie less than 4.4 considered cirrhosis and greater than 4.4 considered HCC). Conclusion: Hepatocellular carcinoma-VEGF score could replace AFP in HCC screening and follow up of cirrhotic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title="Hepatocellular carcinoma">Hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cirrhosis" title=" cirrhosis"> cirrhosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCV" title=" HCV"> HCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20markers" title=" tumor markers"> tumor markers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19155/development-of-a-novel-score-for-early-detection-of-hepatocellular-carcinoma-in-patients-with-hepatitis-c-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">349</span> Diagnostic Performance of Tumor Associated Trypsin Inhibitor in Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aml%20M.%20El-Sharkawy">Aml M. El-Sharkawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossam%20M.%20Darwesh"> Hossam M. Darwesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract— Background/Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed at advanced stage where effective therapies are lacking. Identification of new scoring system is needed to discriminate HCC patients from those with chronic liver disease. Based on the link between tumor associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) and HCC progression, we aimed to develop a novel score based on combination of TATI and routine laboratory tests for early prediction of HCC. Methods: TATI was assayed for HCC group (123), liver cirrhosis group (210) and control group (50) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data from all groups were retrospectively analyzed including α feto protein (AFP), international normalized ratio (INR), albumin and platelet count, transaminases, and age. Areas under ROC curve were used to develop the score. Results: A novel index named hepatocellular carcinoma-vascular endothelial growth factor score (HCC-TATI score) = 3.1 (numerical constant) + 0.09 ×AFP (U L-1) + 0.067 × TATI (ng ml-1) + 0.16 × INR – 1.17 × Albumin (g l-1) – 0.032 × Platelet count × 109 l-1 was developed. HCC-TATI score produce area under ROC curve of 0.98 for discriminating HCC patients from liver cirrhosis with sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 82% at cut-off 6.5 (ie less than 6.5 considered cirrhosis and greater than 4.4 considered HCC). Conclusion: Hepatocellular carcinoma-TATI score could replace AFP in HCC screening and follow up of cirrhotic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title="Hepatocellular carcinoma">Hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cirrhosis" title=" cirrhosis"> cirrhosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCV" title=" HCV"> HCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TATI" title=" TATI "> TATI </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20583/diagnostic-performance-of-tumor-associated-trypsin-inhibitor-in-early-detection-of-hepatocellular-carcinoma-in-patients-with-hepatitis-c-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">348</span> Role of Long Noncoding RNA HULC on Colorectal Carcinoma Progression through Epigenetically Repressing NKD2 Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Jun%20Li">Shu-Jun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Cao%20Sun"> Cheng-Cao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=De-Jia%20Li"> De-Jia Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been emerged as crucial regulators of human diseases and prognostic markers in numerous of cancers, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Here, we identified an oncogenetic lncRNA HULC, which may promote colorectal tumorigenesis. HULC has been found to be up-regulated and acts as oncogene in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, but its expression pattern, biological function and underlying mechanism in CRC is still undetermined. Here, we reported that HULC expression is also over-expressed in CRC, and its increased level is associated with poor prognosis and shorter survival. Knockdown of HULC impaired CRC cells proliferation, migration and invasion, facilitated cell apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited tumorigenicity of CRC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down experiment demonstrated that HULC could simultaneously interact with EZH2 to repress underlying targets NKD2 transcription. In addition, rescue experiments determined that HULC oncogenic function is partly dependent on repressing NKD2. Taken together, our findings expound how HULC over-expression endows an oncogenic function in CRC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20noncoding%20RNA" title="long noncoding RNA">long noncoding RNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HULC" title=" HULC"> HULC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NKD2" title=" NKD2"> NKD2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorectal%20carcinoma" title=" colorectal carcinoma"> colorectal carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proliferation" title=" proliferation"> proliferation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54941/role-of-long-noncoding-rna-hulc-on-colorectal-carcinoma-progression-through-epigenetically-repressing-nkd2-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">347</span> Predictive Value of Primary Tumor Depth for Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohra%20Salim">Zohra Salim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To access the relationship of primary tumor thickness with cervical lymphadenopathy in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 80 Patients with biopsy-proven oral squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa at Dow University of Health Sciences. All the study participants were treated with wide local excision of the primary tumor with elective neck dissection. Patients with prior head and neck malignancy or those with prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy were excluded from the study. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS 21. Chi-squared test with 95% C.I and 80% power of the test was used to evaluate the relationship of tumor depth with cervical lymph nodes. Results: 50 participants were male, and 30 patients were female. 30 patients were in the age range of 20-40 years, 36 patients in the range of 40-60 years, while 14 patients were beyond age 60 years. Tumor size ranged from 0.3cm to 5cm with a mean of 2.03cm. Tumor depth ranged from 0.2cm to 5cm. 20% of the participants reported with tumor depth greater than 2.5cm, while 80% of patients reported with tumor depth less than 2.5cm. Out of 80 patients, 27 reported with negative lymph nodes, while 53 patients reported with positive lymph nodes. Conclusion: Our study concludes that relationship exists between the depth of primary tumor and cervical lymphadenopathy in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title="squamous cell carcinoma">squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20depth" title=" tumor depth"> tumor depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20lymphadenopathy" title=" cervical lymphadenopathy"> cervical lymphadenopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buccal%20mucosa" title=" buccal mucosa"> buccal mucosa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85223/predictive-value-of-primary-tumor-depth-for-cervical-lymphadenopathy-in-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-buccal-mucosa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">346</span> An Unusual Presentation of Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder - A Case Report and Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharti%20Arora">Bharti Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Chen"> Michael Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Lun"> Steven Lun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the bladder is a rare and aggressive subtype of urothelial carcinoma that usually presents at an advanced clinical stage, has a predilection for early metastatic potential and is associated with poor prognosis. The first reported case of PUC was in 1991 and approximately 100 cases were reported in the literature worldwide. We present a case of a 43 year old female presenting with a 3-month history of urgency and frequency. Failing medical management of her urinary symptoms with anticholinergic medication, she underwent a diagnostic cystoscopy which revealed an erythematous and indurated bladder. Bladder biopsies of these regions revealed plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. Pre-operative staging scans were clear of any metastatic disease and the patient subsequently underwent a radical cystectomy and pelvic clearance with the formation of ileal conduit for urinary diversion. Histology confirmed plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma with involvement of right upper vagina and focally positive margins in soft tissue at right and left sides of bladder. She received adjuvant chemotherapy but passed away within a year from disease progression. PUC can present atypically and our case highlights the role of cystoscopy in patients with persistent urinary symptoms. By reviewing the literature on PUC, we aim to raise awareness and improve understanding of this rare bladder cancer subtype amongst urologists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urology" title="urology">urology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bladder%20cancer" title=" bladder cancer"> bladder cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmacytoid%20urothelial%20cancer" title=" plasmacytoid urothelial cancer"> plasmacytoid urothelial cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142561/an-unusual-presentation-of-plasmacytoid-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-a-case-report-and-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">345</span> Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilirian%20La%C3%A7i">Ilirian Laçi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alketa%20Spahiu"> Alketa Spahiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modality of treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients depends on the stage of the disease. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification (BCLC) is the preferred staging system. There are many patients initially present with intermediate-stage disease. For these patients, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the treatment of choice. The differences in individual factors that are not captured by the BCLC framework, such as the tumor growth pattern, degree of hypervascularity, and vascular supply, complicate further evaluation of these patients. Because of these differences, not all patients benefit equally from TACE. Several tools have been devised to aid the decision-making process, which have shown promising initial results but have failed external evaluation and have not been translated to the clinic aspects. Criteria for treatment decisions in daily clinical practice are needed in all stages of the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title="hepatocellular carcinoma">hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transarterial%20chemoembolization" title=" transarterial chemoembolization"> transarterial chemoembolization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TACE" title=" TACE"> TACE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153902/transarterial-chemoembolization-tace-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-hcc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">344</span> Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting with COVID-19 Infection and Cardiac Tamponade</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sutinon%20Yuchomsuk">Sutinon Yuchomsuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satchachon%20Changthom"> Satchachon Changthom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pruet%20Areesawangvong"> Pruet Areesawangvong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monsiri%20Jinapen"> Monsiri Jinapen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can be presented with many symptoms, such as dysphagia or weight loss. However, in some circumstances, rare presentations can be found, e.g., dyspnea, which is more common in pulmonary malignancy. And dyspnea is also one of the most common presentations of COVID-19 infection. So, in this case, we can learn from many points in patient symptoms and findings leading to the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Method: This research is a case-report study including one patient from Mahasarakham Hospital, Thailand. Data were collected during December 2021. Result: A 55-year-old Thai male patient with an unknown past medical history presented with dyspnea and shortness of breath for the duration of three days prior to admission. His symptom also included cough, fever, and sore throat. Laboratory results indicated that the patient had COVID-19 pneumonia. Further investigation showed that he had cardiac tamponade and suspected pulmonary/esophageal cancer. Lung biopsy and pericardiocentesis were done, which were positive for carcinoma from pericardial effusion but negative for malignancy from the lung biopsy. Later esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done with endoscopic tissue biopsy; the result was positive for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Conclusion: Most commonly, esophageal cancer is presented with dysphagia or weight loss. However, in some rare cases, patients can also be presented with dyspnea due to cardiac tamponade. And in recent years, COVID-19 has become a pandemic all over the world, sometimes masking symptoms of other diseases. Such as in this case, the patient didn’t improve after the pneumonia was resolved, which led to the final diagnosis of metastatic esophageal cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophageal%20cancer" title="esophageal cancer">esophageal cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20tamponade" title=" cardiac tamponade"> cardiac tamponade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metastatic%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" metastatic squamous cell carcinoma"> metastatic squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20infection" title=" COVID-19 infection"> COVID-19 infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152632/metastatic-esophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma-presenting-with-covid-19-infection-and-cardiac-tamponade" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">343</span> HLA-G, a Neglected Immunosuppressive Checkpoint for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xian-Peng%20Jiang">Xian-Peng Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20C.%20Baucom"> Catherine C. Baucom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toby%20Jiang"> Toby Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20L.%20Elliott"> Robert L. Elliott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HLA-G binds to the inhibitory receptors of uterine NK cells and plays an important role in protection of fetal cells from maternal NK lysis. HLA-G also mediates tumor escape, but the immunosuppressive role is often neglected. These studies have focused on the examination of HLA-G expression in human breast carcinoma and HLA-G immunosuppressive role in NK cytolysis. We examined HLA-G expression in breast cell lines by real time PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescent staining. We treated the breast cancer cell lines with anti-human HLA-G antibody or progesterone. Then, NK cytolysis was measured by using MTT assay. We find that breast carcinoma cell lines increase the expression of HLA-G mRNA and protein, compared to normal cells. Blocking HLA-G of the breast cancer cells by the antibody increases NK cytolysis. Progesterone upregulates HLA-G mRNA and protein of human breast cancer cell lines. The increased HLA-G expression suppresses NK cytolysis. In summary, human breast carcinoma overexpress HLA-G immunosuppressive molecules. Blocking HLA-G protein by antibody improves NK cytolysis. In contrast, upregulation of HLA-G expression by progesterone impairs NK cytolytic function. Thus, HLA-G is a new immunosuppressive checkpoint and potential cancer immunotherapeutic target. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLA-G" title="HLA-G">HLA-G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Breast%20carcinoma" title=" Breast carcinoma"> Breast carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NK%20cells" title=" NK cells"> NK cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immunosuppressive%20checkpoint" title=" Immunosuppressive checkpoint"> Immunosuppressive checkpoint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161283/hla-g-a-neglected-immunosuppressive-checkpoint-for-breast-cancer-immunotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">342</span> The Prognostic Values of Current Staging Schemes in Temporal Bone Carcinoma: A Real-World Evidence-Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minzi%20Mao">Minzi Mao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianjun%20Ren"> Jianjun Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao"> Yu Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The absence of a uniform staging scheme for temporal bone carcinoma (TBC) seriously impedes the improvement of its management strategies. Therefore, this research was aimed to investigate the prognostic values of two currently applying staging schemes, namely, the modified Pittsburgh staging system (MPB) and Stell’s T classification (Stell-T) in patients with TBC. Methods: Areal-world single-institution retrospectivereview of patientsdiagnosed with TBC between2008 and 2019 was performed. Baseline characteristics were extracted, and patients were retrospectively staged by both the MPB and Stell-T classifications. Cox regression analyseswereconductedtocomparetheoverall survival (OS). Results: A total of 69 consecutive TBC patients were included in thisstudy. Univariate analysis showed that both Stell-T and T- classifications of the modified Pittsburgh staging system (MPB-T) were significant prognostic factors for all TBC patients as well as temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC, n=50) patients (P < 0.05). However, only Stell-T was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor in TBSCC patients (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Tumor extensions, quantified by both Stell-T and MPB-T classifications, are significant prognostic factors for TBC patients, especially for TBSCC patients. However, only the Stell-T classification is an independent prognostic factor for TBSCC patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20pittsburgh%20staging%20system" title="modified pittsburgh staging system">modified pittsburgh staging system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20survival" title=" overall survival"> overall survival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prognostic%20factor" title=" prognostic factor"> prognostic factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stell%E2%80%99s%20T-%20classification" title=" stell’s T- classification"> stell’s T- classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20bone%20carcinoma" title=" temporal bone carcinoma"> temporal bone carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145284/the-prognostic-values-of-current-staging-schemes-in-temporal-bone-carcinoma-a-real-world-evidence-based-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">341</span> An Audit on the Role of Sentinel Node Biopsy in High-Risk Ductal Carcinoma in Situ and Intracystic Papillary Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sulieman">M. Sulieman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Arabiyat"> H. Arabiyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ali"> H. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Potiszil"> K. Potiszil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Abbas"> I. Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20English"> R. English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20King"> P. King</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Brown"> I. Brown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Drew"> P. Drew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The incidence of breast ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) has been increasing; it currently represents up 20-25% of all breast carcinomas. Some aspects of DCIS management are still controversial, mainly due to the heterogeneity of its clinical presentation and of its biological and pathological characteristics. In DCIS, histological diagnosis obtained preoperatively, carries the risk of sampling error if the presence of invasive cancer is subsequently diagnosed. The mammographic extent over than 4–5 cm and the presence of architectural distortion, focal asymmetric density or mass on mammography are proven important risk factors of preoperative histological under staging. Intracystic papillary cancer (IPC) is a rare form of breast carcinoma. Despite being previously compared to DCIS it has been shown to present histologically with invasion of the basement membrane and even metastasis. SLNB – Carries the risk of associated comorbidity that should be considered when planning surgery for DCIS and IPC. Objectives: The aim of this Audit was to better define a ‘high risk’ group of patients with pre-op diagnosis of non-invasive cancer undergoing breast conserving surgery, who would benefit from sentinel node biopsy. Method: Retrospective data collection of all patients with ductal carcinoma in situ over 5 years. 636 patients identified, and after exclusion criteria applied: 394 patients were included. High risk defined as: Extensive micro-calcification >40mm OR any mass forming DCIS. IPC: Winpath search from for the term ‘papillary carcinoma’ in any breast specimen for 5 years duration;.29 patients were included in this group. Results: DCIS: 188 deemed high risk due to >40mm calcification or a mass forming (radiological or palpable) 61% of those had a mastectomy and 32% BCS. Overall, in that high-risk group - the number with invasive disease was 38%. Of those high-risk DCIS pts 85% had a SLN - 80% at the time of surgery and 5% at a second operation. For the BCS patients - 42% had SLN at time of surgery and 13% (8 patients) at a second operation. 15 (7.9%) pts in the high-risk group had a positive SLNB, 11 having a mastectomy and 4 having BCS. IPC: The provisional diagnosis of encysted papillary carcinoma is upgraded to an invasive carcinoma on final histology in around a third of cases. This has may have implications when deciding whether to offer sentinel node removal at the time of therapeutic surgery. Conclusions: We have defined a ‘high risk’ group of pts with pre-op diagnosis of non-invasive cancer undergoing BCS, who would benefit from SLNB at the time of the surgery. In patients with high-risk features; the risk of invasive disease is up to 40% but the risk of nodal involvement is approximately 8%. The risk of morbidity from SLN is up to about 5% especially the risk of lymphedema. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20ductal%20carcinoma%20in%20Situ%20%28DCIS%29" title="breast ductal carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)">breast ductal carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracystic%20papillary%20carcinoma%20%28IPC%29" title=" intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC)"> intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentinel%20node%20biopsy%20%28SLNB%29" title=" sentinel node biopsy (SLNB)"> sentinel node biopsy (SLNB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk" title=" high-risk"> high-risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-invasive" title=" non-invasive"> non-invasive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20disease" title=" cancer disease"> cancer disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153886/an-audit-on-the-role-of-sentinel-node-biopsy-in-high-risk-ductal-carcinoma-in-situ-and-intracystic-papillary-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">340</span> Esophageal Premalignant and Malignant Epithelial Lesions: Pathological Characteristics and Value of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Mohamed%20Abd%20Elmoneim">Hanan Mohamed Abd Elmoneim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Rawan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Razan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aseel%20Abdullah%20AlMasoudi"> Aseel Abdullah AlMasoudi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zyad%20Adnan%20Turkistani"> Zyad Adnan Turkistani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Abdulkarim%20Alkhoutani"> Anas Abdulkarim Alkhoutani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ohood%20Musaed%20AlJuhani"> Ohood Musaed AlJuhani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Attiyah%20AlZahrani"> Hanan Attiyah AlZahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. More than 90% of esophageal cancers are either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Squamous dysplasia is a precancerous lesion for squamous cell carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus is the precancerous lesion for adenocarcinoma. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the initiation factor for Barrett's esophagus. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in arachidonic metabolism. It appears to play an important role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. COX-2 activity may be a potential target for the prevention of cancer progression by selective COX-2 inhibitors, which decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis. Objectives To assess COX-2 expression in premalignant and malignant esophageal epitheliums changes and detect its roles in progression of these lesions. Materials and Methods We analyzed the expression of COX-2 immunohistochemically in 40 esophageal biopsies utilizing the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method on archival formalin fixed-paraffin embedded blocks. Histopathologically, 17 (42.5%) of cases were non-malignant cases which included GERD, Barrett's esophagus and squamous dysplasia. The malignant cases were 23 (57.5%) squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Results In non-malignant cases 7 (41.2%) out of 17 cases had high COX-2 expression. In squamous cell carcinoma 10 (83.3%) out of 12 cases had high COX-2 expression. The expression of COX-2 was high in all 9 (100%) cases of adenocarcinoma. COX-2 expression is significantly increased (P=0.005 and P=0.0001) in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma respectively. There was a significant difference in COX-2 immunoreactivity between malignant and non-malignant lesions (P=0.0003). Conclusion COX-2 is responsible for the progression of esophageal diseases from benign to malignant. We recommend that COX-2 immunohistochemistry should be done routinely for premalignant and malignant esophageal lesions as selective COX-2 inhibitors will be helpful in the treatment. Further studies on molecular and genetic basis of COX-2 expression are needed to unmask its role and relation to progression of esophageal lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox-2" title="Cox-2">Cox-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20adinocarcinoma" title=" Esophageal adinocarcinoma"> Esophageal adinocarcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"> Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immunohistochemistry." title=" Immunohistochemistry. "> Immunohistochemistry. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810/esophageal-premalignant-and-malignant-epithelial-lesions-pathological-characteristics-and-value-of-cyclooxygenase-2-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">339</span> Oncogenic Functions of Long Non-Coding RNA XIST in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Targeting MiR-34a-5p</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Cao%20Sun">Cheng-Cao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Jun%20Li"> Shu-Jun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=De-Jia%20Li"> De-Jia Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X inactivate-specific transcript (XIST) has been verified as an oncogenic gene in several human malignant tumors, and its dysregulation was closed associated with tumor initiation, development and progression. Nevertheless, whether the aberrant expression of XIST in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is corrected with malignancy, metastasis or prognosis has not been elaborated. Here, we discovered that XIST was up-regulated in NPC tissues and higher expression of XIST contributed to a markedly poorer survival time. In addition, multivariate analysis demonstrated XIST was an independent risk factor for prognosis. XIST over-expression enhanced, while XIST silencing hampered the cell growth in NPC. Additionally, mechanistic analysis revealed that XIST up-regulated the expression of miR-34a-5p targeted gene E2F3 through acting as a competitive ‘sponge’ of miR-34a-5p. Taking all into account, we concluded that XIST functioned as an oncogene in NPC through up-regulating E2F3 in part through ‘spongeing’ miR-34a-5p. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X%20inactivate-specific%20transcript%3B%20hsa-miRNA-34a-5p" title="X inactivate-specific transcript; hsa-miRNA-34a-5p">X inactivate-specific transcript; hsa-miRNA-34a-5p</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miR-34a-5p%3B%20E2F3" title=" miR-34a-5p; E2F3"> miR-34a-5p; E2F3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasopharyngeal%20carcinoma" title=" nasopharyngeal carcinoma"> nasopharyngeal carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumorigenesis" title=" tumorigenesis"> tumorigenesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54940/oncogenic-functions-of-long-non-coding-rna-xist-in-human-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma-by-targeting-mir-34a-5p" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">338</span> Cytotoxicity of Thymoquinone Alone or in Combination with Cisplatin (CDDP) Against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20M.%20Al%20Aufi">Omar M. Al Aufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulwahab%20Noorwali"> Abdulwahab Noorwali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al%20Abd"> Ahmed Al Abd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20Alattas"> Safia Alattas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathya%20Zahran"> Fathya Zahran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahd%20Almutairi"> Fahd Almutairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cisplatin (CDDP) is a potent anticancer agent used for several tumor types. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a naturally occurring compound drawing great attention as an anticancer and chemomodulator for chemotherapies. Herein, we studied the potential cytotoxicity of thymoquinone, CDDP and their combination against human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in contrast to normal oral epithelial cells. CDDP similarly killed both head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (UMSCC-14C) and normal oral epithelial cells (OEC). TQ alone exerted considerable cytotoxicity against UMSCC-14C cells, while it induced a weaker killing effect against normal oral epithelial cells (OEC). The equitoxic combination of TQ and CDDP showed additive to synergistic interaction against both UMSCC-14C and OEC cells. TQ alone increased apoptotic cell fraction in UMSCC-14C cells as early as after 6 hours. In addition, prolonged exposure of UMSCC-14C to TQ alone resulted in 96.7±1.6% total apoptosis, which was increased after combination with CDDP to 99.3±1.2% in UMSCC-14C cells. On the other hand, TQ induced a marginal increase in the apoptosis in OEC and even decreased the apoptosis induced by CDDP alone. Finally, apoptosis induction results were confirmed by the change in the expression levels of p53, Bcl-2 and Caspase-9 proteins in both UMSCC-14c and OEC cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thymoquinone" title="thymoquinone">thymoquinone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cisplatin" title=" cisplatin"> cisplatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" oral squamous cell carcinoma"> oral squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P53" title=" P53"> P53</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caspase-9" title=" Caspase-9"> Caspase-9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bcl-2" title=" Bcl-2"> Bcl-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173291/cytotoxicity-of-thymoquinone-alone-or-in-combination-with-cisplatin-cddp-against-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">337</span> Calculation of Organs Radiation Dose in Cervical Carcinoma External Irradiation Beam Using Day’s Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousif%20M.%20Yousif%20Abdallah">Yousif M. Yousif Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20E.%20Gar-Elnabi"> Mohamed E. Gar-Elnabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdoelrahman%20H.%20A.%20Bakary"> Abdoelrahman H. A. Bakary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20M.%20H.%20Eltoum"> Alaa M. H. Eltoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazeem%20K.%20M.%20Ali"> Abdelazeem K. M. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was established to measure the amount of radiation outside the treatment field in external beam radiation therapy using day method of dose calculation, the data was collected from 89 patients of cervical carcinoma in order to determine if the dose outside side the irradiation treatment field for spleen, liver, both kidneys, small bowel, large colon, skin within the acceptable limit or not. The cervical field included mainly 4 organs which are bladder, rectum part of small bowel and hip joint these organ received mean dose of (4781.987±281.321), (4736.91±331.8), (4647.64±387.1) and (4745.91±321.11) respectively. The mean dose received by outfield organs was (77.69±15.24cGy) to large colon, (93.079±12.31cGy) to right kidney (80.688±12.644cGy) to skin, (155.86±17.69cGy) to small bowel. This was more significant value noted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title="radiation dose">radiation dose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20carcinoma" title=" cervical carcinoma"> cervical carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=day%E2%80%99s%20methods" title=" day’s methods"> day’s methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20medicine" title=" radiation medicine"> radiation medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6291/calculation-of-organs-radiation-dose-in-cervical-carcinoma-external-irradiation-beam-using-days-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">336</span> Liver Transplant for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Single Medical Center Experience in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chih%20Wang">Yu-Chih Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Yu%20Lai"> Chia-Yu Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiao-Tien%20Liu"> Hsiao-Tien Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Ju%20Chen"> Yi-Ju Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shao-Bin%20Cheng"> Shao-Bin Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liver transplant has been one of the curative treatment options for hepatocellular carcinomaunder certain oncological conditions. Two of the most validated criteria are from Milan in1996 and USCF in 2001, suggesting number and size limits of tumor without vascularinvasion or distant metastasis. We performed a retrospective cohort study of hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing livertransplant between August 2003 and December 2020 in our institute. Clinical andpathological characteristic, survival outcome, and recurrent pattern were analysed.UCSF criteria was applied for living donor transplantation, and Milan criteria was applied for deceased donor transplantation. Of 180 total patients, 52 cases(28.8%) with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, including26 living donor(LD) and 26 deceased donor(DD) liver transplant. Complete pathologicalremission was significantly more in the DD group(p=0.009). Pathological reports showed that30.8% of DD group exceeded Milan criteria, and 19.2% of LD group exceeded UCSFcriteria.After a median follow-up of 52.2 months, the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival was 87.6%, 74.1%, and 71.8%, respectively.Meanwhile, progression-free survival was 93.1%, 85.7%, and 81.6% for 1, 3, and 5-year, respectively, similar to that in Mazzaferro et al, 1996. We concluded that Liver transplant could be applied cautiously in expanded criteria for patent withhepatocellular carcinoma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20transplant" title="liver transplant">liver transplant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milan%20criteria" title=" milan criteria"> milan criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UCSF%20criteria" title=" UCSF criteria"> UCSF criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=living%20donor%20transplantation" title=" living donor transplantation"> living donor transplantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deceased%20donor%20transplantation" title=" deceased donor transplantation"> deceased donor transplantation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149275/liver-transplant-for-hepatocellular-carcinoma-single-medical-center-experience-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">335</span> Anticancer Effects of MicroRNA-1275 in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Targeting HOXB5 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Cao%20Sun">Cheng-Cao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Jun%20Li"> Shu-Jun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=De-Jia%20Li"> De-Jia Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through analysis of a published micro-array-based high-throughput assessment, we discovered that miR-1275 was markedly down-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues. However, little is known about its effect and mechanism involved in NPC development and progression. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-1275 on the development of NPC. The results indicated that miR-1275 was significantly down-regulated in primary NPC tissues, and very low levels were found in NPC cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-1275 in NPC cell lines significantly suppressed cell growth as evidenced by cell viability assay and colony formation assay, through inhibition of HOXB5. In addition, miR-1275 suppresses G1/S transition through inhibition of HOXB5. Further, oncogene HOXB5 was revealed to be a putative target of miR-1275, which was inversely correlated with miR-1275 expression in NPC. Collectively, our study demonstrates that as a tumor suppressor, miR-1275 played a pivotal role on NPC through inhibiting cell proliferation, and suppressing G1/S transition by targeting oncogenic HOXB5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNA-1275%20%28miR-1275%29" title="microRNA-1275 (miR-1275)">microRNA-1275 (miR-1275)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOXB5" title=" HOXB5"> HOXB5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasopharyngeal%20carcinoma" title=" nasopharyngeal carcinoma"> nasopharyngeal carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proliferation" title=" proliferation"> proliferation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54943/anticancer-effects-of-microrna-1275-in-human-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma-by-targeting-hoxb5" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">334</span> A Study of Serum Beta 2-Microglobulin (β2M) and Lipid Bound Sialic Acid (LSA) Levels in Oral Carcinoma Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapoor%20Anurag">Kapoor Anurag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharma%20Pradeep"> Sharma Pradeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mittal%20K%20Kailash"> Mittal K Kailash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Ajai"> Kumar Ajai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad%20Kalbe"> Jawad Kalbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar%20Singh"> Amit Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant tumour on a global scale. Limited research has been conducted on tumour markers in oral cancer, and additional evaluation is required for several tumour producers that show clinical promise. The present study aimed to find out the co-relation of β-2 Microglobulin and Lipid Bound Sialic Acid in oral carcinoma patients. Methodology: The present case-control study was carried out on 35 patients with histopathologically confirmed OSCC and 35 age-matched controls. Serum concentrations of 2-Microglobulin and Total Sialic Acid (TSA) in the participants were determined via ELISA and spectrophotometric technique, respectively. Results: The OSCC group consisted of 20 males and 15 females, with an average age of 58 years, while the control group comprised 18 males and 17 females, with an average age of 55 years. Elevated levels of β2-microglobulin (3.87±0.12) and LSA (73.57±2.42) were observed in OSCC patients compared to controls (2.25±0.18; 65.21±2.06, respectively). Further examination based on smoking status revealed a significant increase in both β2-microglobulin and LSA levels among smokers compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests a notable association between higher levels of β2-microglobulin and LSA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients who smoke compared to non-smokers. This observation leads to a hypothesis that this disparity could potentially serve as a significant contributing factor to the advancement of oral cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemistry%20human%20cancer" title="biochemistry human cancer">biochemistry human cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human" title=" human"> human</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20carcinoma" title=" oral carcinoma"> oral carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marker" title=" marker"> marker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185446/a-study-of-serum-beta-2-microglobulin-v2m-and-lipid-bound-sialic-acid-lsa-levels-in-oral-carcinoma-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">333</span> Principle Component Analysis on Colon Cancer Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Caecar%20Pratiwi">N. K. Caecar Pratiwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunendah%20Nur%20Fuadah"> Yunendah Nur Fuadah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Magdalena"> Rita Magdalena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20D.%20Atmaja"> R. D. Atmaja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Saidah"> Sofia Saidah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ocky%20Tiaramukti"> Ocky Tiaramukti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Colon cancer or colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that attacks the last part of the human digestive system. Lymphoma and carcinoma are types of cancer that attack human’s colon. Colon cancer causes deaths about half a million people every year. In Indonesia, colon cancer is the third largest cancer case for women and second in men. Unhealthy lifestyles such as minimum consumption of fiber, rarely exercising and lack of awareness for early detection are factors that cause high cases of colon cancer. The aim of this project is to produce a system that can detect and classify images into type of colon cancer lymphoma, carcinoma, or normal. The designed system used 198 data colon cancer tissue pathology, consist of 66 images for Lymphoma cancer, 66 images for carcinoma cancer and 66 for normal / healthy colon condition. This system will classify colon cancer starting from image preprocessing, feature extraction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and classification using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method. Several stages in preprocessing are resize, convert RGB image to grayscale, edge detection and last, histogram equalization. Tests will be done by trying some K-NN input parameter setting. The result of this project is an image processing system that can detect and classify the type of colon cancer with high accuracy and low computation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinoma" title="carcinoma">carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colorectal%20cancer" title=" colorectal cancer"> colorectal cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-nearest%20neighbor" title=" k-nearest neighbor"> k-nearest neighbor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymphoma" title=" lymphoma"> lymphoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20component%20analysis" title=" principle component analysis"> principle component analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105607/principle-component-analysis-on-colon-cancer-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">332</span> Closed Loop Large Bowel Obstruction Due to Appendiceal Signet Cell Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Teo">Joshua Teo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leo%20Phan"> Leo Phan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Signet cell carcinoma of the appendix is the rarest and the most aggressive subtype of appendiceal malignancy, typically with non-specific presentations. We describe a case of a 62-year-old male with large bowel obstruction and CT demonstrating dilated large bowels from caecum to proximal sigmoid colon with pneumoperitoneum. Intra-operatively, closed-loop obstruction caused by dense adherence of sigmoid colon to caecum was noted, which had resulted in caecal perforation. Histopathology study indicated primary appendiceal malignancy of signet cell morphology with intra-peritoneal spread to the sigmoid colon. Large bowel obstruction from appendiceal malignancy has rarely been reported, and a similar presentation has not been described in the existing literature. When left-sided large bowel obstruction is suspected to be caused by a malignant stricture, it is essential to consider transperitoneal spread of appendiceal malignancy as potential aetiology, particularly in the elderly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appendiceal%20carcinoma" title="appendiceal carcinoma">appendiceal carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20bowel%20obstruction" title=" large bowel obstruction"> large bowel obstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signet%20ring%20cell%20cancer" title=" signet ring cell cancer"> signet ring cell cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caecal%20perforation" title=" caecal perforation"> caecal perforation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141362/closed-loop-large-bowel-obstruction-due-to-appendiceal-signet-cell-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">331</span> Myeloid Zinc Finger 1/Ets-Like Protein-1/Protein Kinase C Alpha Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jer-Yuh%20Liu">Jer-Yuh Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Je-Chiuan%20Ye"> Je-Chiuan Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Ming%20Hwang"> Jin-Ming Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a key signaling molecule in human cancer development. As a therapeutic strategy, targeting PKCα is difficult because the molecule is ubiquitously expressed in non-malignant cells. PKCα is regulated by the cooperative interaction of the transcription factors myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF-1) and Ets-like protein-1 (Elk-1) in human cancer cells. By conducting tissue array analysis, herein, we determined the protein expression of MZF-1/Elk-1/PKCα in various cancers. The data show that the expression of MZF-1/Elk-1 is correlated with that of PKCα in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not in bladder and lung cancers. In addition, the PKCα down-regulation by shRNA Elk-1 was only observed in the HCC SK-Hep-1 cells. Blocking the interaction between MZF-1 and Elk-1 through the transfection of their binding domain MZF-160–72 decreased PKCα expression. This step ultimately depressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition potential of the HCC cells. These findings could be used to develop an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with the PKCα-derived HCC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20kinase%20C%20alpha" title="protein kinase C alpha">protein kinase C alpha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myeloid%20zinc%20finger%201" title=" myeloid zinc finger 1"> myeloid zinc finger 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ets-like%20protein-1" title=" ets-like protein-1"> ets-like protein-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title=" hepatocellular carcinoma"> hepatocellular carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78123/myeloid-zinc-finger-1ets-like-protein-1protein-kinase-c-alpha-associated-with-poor-prognosis-in-patients-with-hepatocellular-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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