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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rusya rootpage-Rusya skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Pangunahing pagpipilian </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z">Unang pahina</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia">Mga nilalaman</a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo">Napiling nilalaman</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x">Alinmang artikulo</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol">Patungkol sa Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan">Mga kaganapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay">Pamayanan</a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan">Kapihan</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r">Mga huling binago</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia">Makipag-ugnayan</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia.">Tulong</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Hanapin </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Itsura </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class="">Donasyon</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Rusya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class="">Gumawa ng account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Rusya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Mag-login</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Mga pansariling kagamitan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl">Donasyon</a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"> Mag-ambag</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Rusya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"> Gumawa ng account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Rusya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"> Mag-login</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot">alamin pa</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n">Usapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimolohiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Heograpiya </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Heograpiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Heograpiya </button> <ul id="toc-Heograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Topograpiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Klima </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Kasaysayan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasaysayan </button> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sinaunang_Panahon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinaunang_Panahon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Sinaunang Panahon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinaunang_Panahon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kievan_Rus'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kievan_Rus'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Kievan Rus' </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kievan_Rus'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dakilang_Duke_ng_Moscow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dakilang_Duke_ng_Moscow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Dakilang Duke ng Moscow </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dakilang_Duke_ng_Moscow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsardom_ng_Rusya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsardom_ng_Rusya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Tsardom ng Rusya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsardom_ng_Rusya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperyal_na_Rusya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperyal_na_Rusya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Imperyal na Rusya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperyal_na_Rusya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rusyang_Sobyet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusyang_Sobyet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Rusyang Sobyet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusyang_Sobyet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pederasyong_Rusya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pederasyong_Rusya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Pederasyong Rusya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pederasyong_Rusya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pamahalaan_at_Pulitika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamahalaan_at_Pulitika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Pamahalaan at Pulitika </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pamahalaan_at_Pulitika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Pamahalaan at Pulitika </button> <ul id="toc-Pamahalaan_at_Pulitika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pandaigdigang_Ugnayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pandaigdigang_Ugnayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Pandaigdigang Ugnayan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pandaigdigang_Ugnayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Militar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkakahati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkakahati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Pagkakahati </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkakahati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demograpiya </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demograpiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Demograpiya </button> <ul id="toc-Demograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Mga pinakamalaking lungsod </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Wika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relihiyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relihiyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Relihiyon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relihiyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edukasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edukasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Edukasyon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edukasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Ekonomiya </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Ekonomiya </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agrikultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agrikultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Agrikultura </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agrikultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerhiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerhiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Enerhiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerhiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agham_at_Teknolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agham_at_Teknolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Agham at Teknolohiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agham_at_Teknolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Transportasyon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Kultura </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kultura </button> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tradisyon_at_Pagluluto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradisyon_at_Pagluluto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Tradisyon at Pagluluto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradisyon_at_Pagluluto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arkitektura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arkitektura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Arkitektura </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arkitektura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musika_at_Sayaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musika_at_Sayaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Musika at Sayaw </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musika_at_Sayaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura_at_Pilosopiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura_at_Pilosopiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Literatura at Pilosopiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura_at_Pilosopiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelikula,_Animasyon_at_Medya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelikula,_Animasyon_at_Medya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Pelikula, Animasyon at Medya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelikula,_Animasyon_at_Medya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Palaasan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pambansang_Holiday_at_Simboliko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pambansang_Holiday_at_Simboliko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Pambansang Holiday at Simboliko </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pambansang_Holiday_at_Simboliko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Turismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talababa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talababa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Talababa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talababa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Tingnan din </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_kawing_panlabas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_kawing_panlabas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Mga kawing panlabas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_kawing_panlabas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Rusya</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 321 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-321" aria-hidden="true" > 321 wika </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Урыстәыла – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Урысые – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысые" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B2%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩሲያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩሲያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%E1%B9%A3ia" title="Rọṣia – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Rọṣia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܪܘܣܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="روسيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰাছিয়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Rosėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Расія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Расея – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risila" title="Risila – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Risila" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="রাশিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রাশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨑᨘᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Оросой холбоото улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оросой холбоото улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Росси – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Росси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%B2%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A2" title="ᏲᏂᎢ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏲᏂᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕووسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiye" title="Rusiye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rusiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%B4" title="Ruskô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ruskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%A1%D1%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Рѡсїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Рѡсїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Раççей Федерацийĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwsia" title="Rwsia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwsia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruccia" title="Ruccia – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruccia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska" title="Rusojska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ރޫސީވިލާތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωσία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusio" title="Rusio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa" title="Venemaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosiya" title="Roosiya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Roosiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Venäjä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnemaa" title="Vinnemaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinnemaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslun" title="Ruslun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruslun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Ruslân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ruslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAis" title="An Rúis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ruis" title="An Ruis – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ruis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="رۊسيه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%BAsia" title="Rrúsia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrúsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="રશિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Roosh" title="Yn Roosh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Roosh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasha" title="Rasha – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABsia" title="Rūsia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Rūsia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="רוסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruska" title="Ruska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risi" title="Risi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Risi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszorsz%C3%A1g" title="Oroszország – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oroszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռուսաստան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռուսիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpaghara_Russia" title="Mpaghara Russia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mpaghara Russia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusiq_(nuna)" title="Uruusiq (nuna) – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusiq (nuna)" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Эрсече – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсече" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%93%9B%E1%93%B4" title="ᐅᓛᓴ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓛᓴ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="ロシア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosha" title="Rosha – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Rosha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukygu%27e" title="rukygu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan" title="Ruslan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Урысей – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii" title="Ruusii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshya" title="Roshya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racia" title="Racia – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Racia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ресей – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="រុស្ស៊ី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="러시아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия Федерация – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Россия Федерация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3" title="روٗس – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsya" title="Rûsya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Рочму – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рочму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi" title="Russi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орусия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орусия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аьрасат – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Аьрасат" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Урусат – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урусат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwasha" title="Rwasha – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwasha" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3slandj" title="Róslandj – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Róslandj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9scia" title="Rùscia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rùscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruscia" title="Ruscia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCssia" title="Rüssia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rüssia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AD" title="Rusí – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rusí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABveja" title="Krīveja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия мастор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Россия мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosia" title="Rosia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rosia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABhia" title="Rūhia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="റഷ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Орос – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC" title="ရုရှာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ရုရှာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रशिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Россий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Россий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russja" title="Russja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Russja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Россия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Россия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslaand" title="Ruslaand – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ruslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="रुस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌ߬ߙߌ߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Russia" title="I-Russia – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="I-Russia" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="South Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiNdebele seSewula</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27a" title="Ven'a – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'a" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raashiyaa" title="Raashiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Raashiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଋଷିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଋଷିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Уæрæсе – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уæрæсе" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੂਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossia" title="Rossia – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rossia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russland" title="Russland – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Russland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रूस – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रूस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusha" title="Rusha – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rusha" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρουσία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ρουσία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="روسیه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya" title="Rusiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusia" title="Arusia – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arusia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie" title="Russie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Russie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uburusiya" title="Uburusiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Uburusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="रास्या – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रास्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Арассыыйа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арассыыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9ssia" title="Rùssia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rùssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie" title="Roushie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1a" title="Ruošša – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruošša" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%AFi" title="Rusïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Rusïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရတ်ႈသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුසියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rusko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%A2" title="Ruoššâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruoššâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhashiya" title="Rhashiya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruushka" title="Ruushka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruushka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashea" title="Rashea – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rashea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslound" title="Ruslound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryssland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Urusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyjo" title="Rusyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rusyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="உருசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ರಷ್ಯಾ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="రష్యా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAsia" title="Rúsia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rúsia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Русия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศรัสเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="ሩስያ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩስያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi%C3%BDa" title="Russiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Russiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusij%C9%99t" title="Urusijət – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusijət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABsia" title="Lūsia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lūsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasia" title="Rasia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaxiya" title="Rhaxiya – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rhaxiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Russia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABtia" title="Rūtia – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Россия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Россия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="روسىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="روسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Росія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Росія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashia" title="Rashia – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Rashia" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9sia" title="Rùsia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rùsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4ma" title="Venäma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venäma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nga" title="Nga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4n" title="Rusän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsseye" title="Rûsseye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsseye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rusya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisi" title="Riisi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Riisi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Орсин Ниицән – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орсин Ниицән" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="רוסלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Rọ́síà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngozlozswh" title="Ngozlozswh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngozlozswh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rusland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a" title="Lō͘-se-a – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRashiya" title="IRashiya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c">Artikulo</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Rusya" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t">Usapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tagalog </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rusya">Basahin</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v">Baguhin</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e">Baguhin ang wikitext</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h">Tingnan ang kasaysayan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Mga kagamitan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rusya">Basahin</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v">Baguhin</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e">Baguhin ang wikitext</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=history">Tingnan ang kasaysayan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Rusya" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j">Mga nakaturo rito</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Rusya" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k">Kaugnay na pagbabago</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u">Mag-upload ng file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q">Natatanging pahina</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&oldid=2140663" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito">Permanenteng link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=info" title="More information about this page">Impormasyon ng pahina</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Rusya&id=2140663&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito">Sumangguni</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRusya">Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRusya">I-download ang QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rusya">Lumikha ng isang aklat</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rusya&action=show-download-screen">I-download bilang PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p">Bersyong mapi-print</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g">Item na Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Idinirekta mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oryol_Oblast&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryol Oblast">Oryol Oblast</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2051707">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Pederasyong Ruso</div><div class="ib-country-names">Российская Федерация (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso">Ruso</a>) Rossiyskaya Federatsiya </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Watawat ng Rusya"><img alt="Watawat ng Rusya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Watawat_ng_Rusya" title="Watawat ng Rusya">Watawat</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eskudo ng Rusya"><img alt="Eskudo ng Rusya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Eskudo_ng_Rusya" title="Eskudo ng Rusya"> Eskudo</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Awitin: Государственный гимн Российской Федерации <a href="/wiki/Gosudarstvennyy_gimn_Rossiyskoy_Federatsii" title="Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii">Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii</a> "Awiting Estatal ng Pederasyong Ruso"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="82" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Russia_(2000),_instrumental,_one_verse.ogg" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_instrumental%2C_one_verse.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Russia_%282000%29%2C_instrumental%2C_one_verse.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Russian_Federation_(orthographic_projection)_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lupaing saklaw ng Rusya sa lunting maitim at teritoryong inaangkin sa lunting mapusyaw."><img alt="Lupaing saklaw ng Rusya sa lunting maitim at teritoryong inaangkin sa lunting mapusyaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg/250px-Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg/375px-Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg/500px-Russian_Federation_%28orthographic_projection%29_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="537" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Lupaing saklaw ng Rusya sa lunting maitim at teritoryong inaangkin sa lunting mapusyaw.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kabisera <div style="font-weight:normal">at pinakamalaking lungsod</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku">Mosku</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1948753">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rusya&params=55_45_21_N_37_37_02_E_type:city">55°45′21″N 37°37′02″E / 55.75583°N 37.61722°E / 55.75583; 37.61722</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wikang opisyal at pambansa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso">Ruso</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Katawagan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Demograpiya">Ruso</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pamahalaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republikang" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang">Republikang</a> <a href="/wiki/Pederal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pederal">pederal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidensyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidensyal">semi-presidensyal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Rusya" title="Pangulo ng Rusya">Pangulo</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Tagapangulo_ng_Pamahalaan_ng_Rusya" title="Tagapangulo ng Pamahalaan ng Rusya">Tagapangulo ng Pamahalaan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lehislatura</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asembleyang_Pederal_ng_Rusya" title="Asembleyang Pederal ng Rusya">Asembleyang Pederal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Mataas na Kapulungan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konseho_ng_Pederasyon_ng_Rusya" title="Konseho ng Pederasyon ng Rusya">Konseho ng Pederasyon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Mababang Kapulungan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pampamahalaang_Duma" title="Pampamahalaang Duma">Pampamahalaang Duma</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Tsarato_ng_Rusya" title="Tsarato ng Rusya">Tsarato ng Rusya</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 Enero 1547</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Ruso" title="Imperyong Ruso">Imperyong Ruso</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 Nobyembre 1721</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sobyetikong_Rusya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobyetikong Rusya">Sobyetikong Rusya</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 Nobyembre 1917</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akwerdo_ng_Belovezha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akwerdo ng Belovezha (hindi pa naisusulat)">Akwerdo ng Belovezha</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 Disyembre 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saligang_Batas_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saligang Batas ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Saligang Batas</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 Disyembre 1993</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Lawak</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data">17,098,246 km2 (6,601,670 mi kuw) (ika-1)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Katubigan (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasyon</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pagtataya sa 2022</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 144,699,673 (ika-9)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Densidad</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8.4/km2 (21.8/mi kuw) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">ika-187</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross domestic product">KDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchasing power parity">PLP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">Pagtataya sa 2023</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $5.056 trilyon (ika-6)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bawat kapita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $35,310 (ika-60)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross domestic product">KDP</a> (nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">Pagtataya sa 2023</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $1.862 trilyon (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">ika-11</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bawat kapita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $13,006 (ika-72)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koepisyente_ng_Gini" class="mw-redirect" title="Koepisyente ng Gini">Gini</a> (2020)</th><td class="infobox-data">36.0 katamtaman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Talatuntunan_ng_Kaunlarang_Pantao" title="Talatuntunan ng Kaunlarang Pantao">TKP</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.822 napakataas · ika-52</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salapi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rublo_ng_Rusya" title="Rublo ng Rusya">Rublo</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruble_sign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruble sign (hindi pa naisusulat)">₽</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">RUB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sona ng oras</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2-12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kodigong pantelepono</th><td class="infobox-data">+7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Internet TLD</th><td class="infobox-data">.ru • .рф</td></tr></tbody></table> Ang Rusya (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso">Ruso</a>: Россия, tr. Rossiya), pormal na Pederasyong Ruso, ay bansang transkontinental na umaabot mula <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Europa" title="Silangang Europa">Silangang Europa</a> hanggang <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Asya" title="Hilagang Asya">Hilagang Asya</a>. Mula hilagang-kanluran paikot sa kaliwa, hinahangganan nito ang <a href="/wiki/Noruwega" title="Noruwega">Noruwega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinlandiya" title="Pinlandiya">Pinlandiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litwanya" title="Litwanya">Litwanya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biyelorusya" title="Biyelorusya">Biyelorusya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukranya" title="Ukranya">Ukranya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heorhiya" title="Heorhiya">Heorhiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aserbayan" title="Aserbayan">Aserbayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasakistan" title="Kasakistan">Kasakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina">Tsina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolya" title="Mongolya">Mongolya</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Korea" title="Hilagang Korea">Hilagang Korea</a>; nagbabahagi rin ito ng mga hangganang pandagat sa <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>. Sumasakop ng lawak na 17,098,246 km2, ito ang pinakamalaking bansa sa mundo, na sumasaklaw ng 11 sona ng oras at 1⁄8 bahagi ng lupang matatahanan sa Daigdig. Tinatahanan ng mahigit 145.5 milyong mamamayan, ito ang pinakamataong bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Ang kabiserang pambansa at pinakamalaking lungsod nito ay <a href="/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku">Mosku</a>. Nagsimula ang kasaysayan ng Rusya sa mga bayang Silangang Eslabo, na sumibol bilang isang makikilalang grupo sa Europa sa pagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Ika-3_dantaon" title="Ika-3 dantaon">ika-3 dantaon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ika-8_dantaon" title="Ika-8 dantaon">ika-8 dantaon</a>. Lumitaw ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus_ng_Kiyeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rus ng Kiyeb (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rus ng Kiyeb</a>, ang kanilang unang estado, noong <a href="/wiki/Ika-9_dantaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ika-9 dantaon">ika-9 dantaon</a>. Pinagtibay nila noong 988 ang <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismong</a> <a href="/wiki/Ortodoksiyang_Oriental" title="Ortodoksiyang Oriental">Ortodokso</a>, isang produkto ng Kristiyanisasyong isinagawa nina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirilo_at_Metodiyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirilo at Metodiyo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sirilo at Metodiyo</a>, dalawang misyonerong ipinadala mula sa <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Bisantino" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyong Bisantino">Imperyong Bisantino</a>. Nang maglaon ay nagkawatak-watak ang Rus sa iba't-ibang maliliit na estadong <a href="/wiki/Pyudalismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyudalismo">pyudal</a>, kung saan ang pinakamakapangyarihan dito'y ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prinsipado_ng_Vladimir-Suzdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prinsipado ng Vladimir-Suzdal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Prinsipado ng Vladimir-Suzdal</a> na sa kalaunan ay naging <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakilang_Dukado_ng_Mosku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dakilang Dukado ng Mosku (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dakilang Dukado ng Mosku</a>. Ito ang naging pangunahing puwersa sa pakikibaka para sa kalayaan mula sa <a href="/wiki/Gintong_Horda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gintong Horda">Gintong Horda</a> at muling pag-iisa ng Rusya. Unti-unting napagkaisa ng Mosku ang mga nakapalibot na prinsipado at naging <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsaratong_Ruso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsaratong Ruso (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tsaratong Ruso</a>. Noong unang bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Ika-18_dantaon" title="Ika-18 dantaon">ika-18 dantaon</a> ay lumawak ito sa pamamagitan ng pananakop, panlulupig, at paggalugad at umunlad sa <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Ruso" title="Imperyong Ruso">Imperyong Ruso</a>. Umabot mula Polonya hanggang sa <a href="/wiki/Karagatang_Pasipiko" title="Karagatang Pasipiko">Karagatang Pasipiko</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, ito ang naging ikatlong pinakamalaking imperyo sa kasaysayan. Sa pagtatapos ng <a href="/wiki/Unang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a> ay nilansag ang <a href="/wiki/Monarkiya" title="Monarkiya">monarkiya</a> ng bansa sa <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Ruso_(1917)" title="Himagsikang Ruso (1917)">Himagsikang Ruso</a> at naitatag ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=RSPS_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSPS ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Republikang Sobyetiko ng Rusya</a> (kalauna'y naging <a href="/w/index.php?title=RSPS_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSPS ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">RSPS ng Rusya</a>), ang kauna-unahang <a href="/wiki/Estadong_sosyalista" title="Estadong sosyalista">estadong sosyalista</a>. Kasunod ng tagumpay ng mga <a href="/wiki/Bolshebista" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshebista">Bolshebista</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Sibil_ng_Rusya" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Sibil ng Rusya">digmaang sibil</a> ay binuo ng Rusya, kasama ang <a href="/wiki/SSR_ng_Ukranya" class="mw-redirect" title="SSR ng Ukranya">Ukranya</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSR_ng_Biyelorusya" class="mw-redirect" title="SSR ng Biyelorusya">Biyelorusya</a>, at <a href="/wiki/SPSR_ng_Transkaukasya" class="mw-redirect" title="SPSR ng Transkaukasya">Transkaukasya</a> ang <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Sobyetiko" title="Unyong Sobyetiko">Unyong Sobyetiko</a>, na naging isa sa dalawang pinakamakapangyarihang bansa sa panahon ng <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Malamig" title="Digmaang Malamig">Digmaang Malamig</a>. Kasunod ng pagkabuwag ng Unyong Sobyetiko noong 1991 ay naging Pederasyong Ruso ang Rusya, itinuturing ito bilang <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> na kahalili sa mga estadong sumunod sa unyon. Ang sistemang pampamahalaan ng Rusya ay <a href="/wiki/Republikang" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang">republikang</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlamentaryo" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentaryo">parlamentaryo</a> na binubuo ng walumpu't limang kasakupang pederal. Ang <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya">ekonomiya</a> ng bansa ay ang ikalabing-isang pinakamalaki sa mundo ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Kabuuang_domestikong_produkto" title="Kabuuang domestikong produkto">KDP</a> nominal at ikaanim ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Pagkakatulad_ng_kapangyarihang_bumili" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagkakatulad ng kapangyarihang bumili">PKB</a>. Nagtataglay ang bansa ng pinakamalaking arsenal ng mga <a href="/wiki/Sandatang_nukleyar" title="Sandatang nukleyar">sandatang nukleyar</a>, at nagraranggo bilang ikalima sa bilang ng aktibong hukbo at paggastang pang-militar. Ang malawakang mapagkukunan nito sa mga <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> at <a href="/wiki/Enerhiya" title="Enerhiya">enerhiya</a> ay itinuturing bilang pinakamalaki sa mundo; ito ang may pinakamalaking reserba ng mga mapagkukunan ng kagubatan at isang-kapat ng di-nagyelong sariwang tubig. Kabilang ang Rusya sa mga nangungunang tagagawa ng <a href="/wiki/Langis" title="Langis">langis</a> at gasolinang natural. Isa itong kasaping palagian ng <a href="/wiki/Konsehong_Panseguridad_ng_mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" title="Konsehong Panseguridad ng mga Nagkakaisang Bansa">Konsehong Panseguridad ng mga Nagkakaisang Bansa</a>; bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a>, <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>, <a href="/wiki/APEC" class="mw-redirect" title="APEC">APEC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OSKE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSKE (hindi pa naisusulat)">OSKE</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandaigdigang_Organisasyon_sa_Kalakalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalakalan (hindi pa naisusulat)">POK</a>; at ang pangunahing miyembro ng mga post-Sobyetikong organisasyon tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Sampamahalaan_ng_mga_Makasarinlang_Estado" title="Sampamahalaan ng mga Makasarinlang Estado">SME</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisasyong_Tratado_ng_Kolektibong_Seguridad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisasyong Tratado ng Kolektibong Seguridad (hindi pa naisusulat)">OTKS</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasyanong_Ekonomikong_Unyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurasyanong Ekonomikong Unyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">EAEU</a>, Nagtataglay ang Rusya ng 30 <a href="/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Pamanang_Pook" title="Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook">Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook</a> na idineklara ng <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimolohiya">Etimolohiya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Etimolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimolohiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Русь (Rus ') ang orihinal na pangalan ng Rusya. Isa itong estadong medyebal na binubuo ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silangang_Slavs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silangang Slavs (hindi pa naisusulat)">Silangang Eslabo</a>. Gayun pa man, ito ang tamang pangalan na naging mas sikat sa kasaysayan, ang mga nakatira sa bansa ay tinatawag na "Русская Земля" (russkaya zemlya) na kung saan ang kahulugan nito ay Lupang Rusu o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus_%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rus ' (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rus</a>. Upang makilala ang mga tao sa bansang ito mula sa ibang lugar, tinawag silang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus_ng_Kiev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rus ng Kiev (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rus ng Kiev</a> na mula sa modernong historyograpiya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruthenia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rutenia</a> naman ang salin ng salitang Rus sa <a href="/wiki/Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin">Latin</a> na ginagamit sa kanluran at timog na rehiyon ng Rus na katabi ng katolikong Europa. Россия (Rossiya) naman ang kasalukuyang pangalan ng estado, mula sa bersiyong <a href="/wiki/Griyego" class="mw-disambig" title="Griyego">Griyego</a> na Ρωσία [rosia] na ginamit ng mga Rus ng Kiev ito para tawagin ang mga nakatira sa <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyong Byzantine">Imperyong Bisantino</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heograpiya">Heograpiya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Heograpiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Heograpiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Sinasakop ng Rusya ang halos buong hilagang bahagi ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superkontinente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superkontinente (hindi pa naisusulat)">superkontinente</a> na <a href="/wiki/Eurasya" title="Eurasya">Eurasya</a>. Karamihan ng bansa ay binubuo ng mga <a href="/wiki/Kapatagan" title="Kapatagan">kapatagan</a>, sa bahaging <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europeo</a> man o sa bahaging nasa <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a> na kilala kadalasan bilang <a href="/wiki/Siberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberia">Siberya</a>. Karamihan sa mga kapatagang ito sa timog ay <a href="/wiki/Steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppe">estepa</a> habang sa hilaga naman ay makakapal na gubat na nagiging <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> patungo sa baybaying Artiko. May mga bulubundukin tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasus">Kaukasya</a> (kung saan naroroon ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bundok_Elbrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bundok Elbrus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bundok Elbrus</a>, ang pinakamataas na tuktok sa Europa na may taas ng 5 633 m) at ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulubunduking_Altay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulubunduking Altay (hindi pa naisusulat)">Altay</a> sa mga katimugang hangganan ng bansa, samantalang sa silangang bahagi ng bansa ay naroroon ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulubunduking_Verhojansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulubunduking Verhojansk (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bulubunduking Verhojansk</a> at ang mga <a href="/wiki/Bulkan" title="Bulkan">bulkan</a> ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamchatka_Peninsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamchatka Peninsula (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tangway ng Kamchatka</a>. Kapuna-puna rin ang <a href="/wiki/Bulubunduking_Ural" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulubunduking Ural">Bulubunduking Ural</a>, na syang pangunahing naghahati ng Europa mula sa <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a>. Nagtatanyag ang Rusya ng higit 37 000 km ng baybayin sa mga karagatang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagat_Arctic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagat Arctic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arctic</a> at <a href="/wiki/Karagatang_Pasipiko" title="Karagatang Pasipiko">Pasipiko</a>, pati na rin sa mga masasabing sa loob na dagat tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Baltic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagat Baltic">Baltiko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Itim" title="Dagat Itim">Itim</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Caspian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dagat Caspian">Kaspiyo</a>. Ang ilan sa mga <a href="/wiki/Pulo" title="Pulo">pulo</a> o <a href="/wiki/Kapuluan" title="Kapuluan">kapuluang</a> nasa hilagang baybayin ay ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novaja_Zemlja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novaja Zemlja (hindi pa naisusulat)">Novaja Zemlja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Joseph_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Joseph Land (hindi pa naisusulat)">Franz Joseph Land</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novosibirskie_Ostrova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novosibirskie Ostrova (hindi pa naisusulat)">Novosibirskie Ostrova</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wrangel_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wrangel Island (hindi pa naisusulat)">Wrangel Island</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuril_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuril Islands (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kuril Islands</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a>. Ang ilan sa mga pangunahing lawa sa Rusya ay ang <a href="/wiki/Lawa_Baikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawa Baikal">Baikal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawa_Ladoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawa Ladoga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lawa Ladoga</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onego (hindi pa naisusulat)">Onego</a>. Marami ring mga ilog ang dumadaloy sa Rusya. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topograpiya">Topograpiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Topograpiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Topograpiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Mula sa hilaga hanggang timog ang Kapatagan ng Silangang Europa, na kilala rin bilang Kapatagan ng Rusya, ay nagbihis sequentially sa Artikong tundra, koniperus gubat (<a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a>), broadleaf at halo-halong gubat. gubat, damuhan (kapatagan), at semi-disyerto (nagtatakip sa tabi ng Dagat Kaspiyo), bilang ng mga pagbabago sa mga halaman na sumasalamin sa mga pagbabago sa klima. <a href="/wiki/Siberya" title="Siberya">Siberya</a> ay sumusuporta sa isang katulad sunuran ngunit higit sa lahat ay taiga. Rusya ay mundo pinakamalaking ang taglay ng gubat, na kilala bilang "ang mga baga ng Europa",<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> ikalawang lamang sa <a href="/wiki/Maulang-gubat_ng_Amasona" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulang-gubat ng Amasona">maulang-gubat ng Amasona</a> sa ang halaga ng dioksido ng karbono ito sumipsip. May 266 espesye ng mamal at 780 espesye ng ibon sa Rusya. Noong 1997 ay kasama sa IUCN Pula nga Listahan ng Pederasyong Ruso ang 415 espesye <a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> at ngayon ay protektado ang mga ito. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Klima">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang malaking sukat ng Rusya at ang distansiya ng maraming mga lugar mula sa dagat ay nagreresulta sa pangingibabaw ng mahalumigmig na klimang kontinental, na siyang dominante sa lahat ng bahagi ng bansa maliban sa tundra at sa bandang timog-kanlurang hangganan ng bansa. Naiistorbo ng mga bundok sa timugan ang masa ng mainit na hangin na galing ng Karagatang Indiyo, samantalang ang kapatagan sa kanluran at hilaga ay malantad ng bansa sa Artiko at Atlantiko.<a href="#cite_note-congress-3">[3]</a> Ang kalakhang bahagi ng teritoryo ay may dalawa lamang na pangunahing season - ang taglamig at tag-init; ang taglagas at tagsibol ay karaniwang maikling panahon ng pagbabago sa pagitan ng lubhang mababang mga temperatura at lubhang mataas.<a href="#cite_note-congress-3">[3]</a> Ang pinakamalamig na buwan ay ang Enero (Pebrero sa baybay-dagat), at ang pinakamainit naman kadalasan ay Hulyo. Pangkaraniwan lang ang malaking taway ng temperatura. Sa taglamig, ang temperatura ay lalong hilagaan lalong malamig at lalong silangan lalong malamig. Umiinit nang mainit-init kapagka tag-init, kahit sa Siberya.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kasaysayan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng Rusya</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinaunang_Panahon">Sinaunang Panahon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sinaunang Panahon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sinaunang Panahon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Karagdagang impormasyon: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahariang_Bosporan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahariang Bosporan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kahariang Bosporan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khazaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khazaria (hindi pa naisusulat)">Khazaria</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagalag_na_Eurasyano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagalag na Eurasyano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lagalag na Eurasyano</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:IE_expansion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/220px-IE_expansion.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/330px-IE_expansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/440px-IE_expansion.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinuhang_Kurgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinuhang Kurgan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hinuhang Kurgan</a>: Ang Timog Rusya bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urheimat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urheimat (hindi pa naisusulat)">urheimat</a> ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-Europeans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans (hindi pa naisusulat)">Taong Indo-European</a>.</figcaption></figure> Isa sa mga unang modernong tao na may buto ng edad ng 35 000 taon ay matatagpuan sa <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a>, sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostenki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostenki (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kostenki</a> sa gilid ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilog_Don&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilog Don (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ilog Don</a>. Sa sinaunang-panahon beses sa napakalaking steppes ng Timog Rusya ay tahanan sa lipi ng laog pastoralists.<a href="#cite_note-Belinskij-5">[5]</a> Labi ng mga kapatagan civilizations ay natuklasan sa mga lugar tulad bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipatovo_kurgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipatovo kurgan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ipatovo</a> ,<a href="#cite_note-Belinskij-5">[5]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintashta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintashta (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sintashta</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkaim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkaim (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arkaim</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pazyryk_burials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pazyryk burials (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pazyryk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> na kung saan dadalhin ang earliest na kilala bakas ng inimuntar digma , isang susi na tampok sa laog paraan ng buhay. Sa klasiko unang panahon, ang Pontic kapatagan ay kilala bilang Scythia. Dahil sa ang 8th siglo BC, Sinaunang Griyego mangangalakal nagdala ng kanilang mga kabihasnan sa emporiums kalakalan sa Tanais at Phanagoria.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Sa pagitan ng 3 at 6 siglo AD, ang Bosporan Kingdom, isang Hellenistic kaayusan ng pamahalaan na nagtagumpay ang mga Griyego colonies,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> ay bumagsak sa pamamagitan ng laog invasions humantong sa pamamagitan ng gerero lipi, tulad ng ang Huns at taong hating Asayano at Europyano Avars .<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Ang isang tao Turko, ang Khazars, nagpuno sa mga mas mababang Volga steppes palanggana sa pagitan ng Caspian at Dagat Itim hanggang sa 8th siglo.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Ang ninuno ng modernong Russians ay ang Eslabo lipi, na ang orihinal na bahay ay isipan sa pamamagitan ng ilang mga iskolar sa may been ang makahoy na lugar ng Pinsk Marshes.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Ang East Slavs unti husay Western Russia sa dalawang waves: isang paglipat mula sa Kiev papunta sa kasalukuyan- araw Suzdal at Murom at isa pang mula Polotsk papunta sa Novgorod at Rostov. Mula sa 7 pataas na siglo, ang East Slavs binubuo ang bulk ng populasyon sa Western Russia<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> at dahan-dahan ngunit mahimbing assimilated ng katutubong-Ugric bayan Finno, kabilang ang Merya, ang Muromians, at ang Meshchera. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kievan_Rus'">Kievan Rus'</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kievan Rus'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Kievan Rus'">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kievan_Rus%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kievan Rus' (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kievan Rus'</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kievan_Rus_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kievan_Rus_en.jpg/220px-Kievan_Rus_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kievan_Rus_en.jpg/330px-Kievan_Rus_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kievan_Rus_en.jpg/440px-Kievan_Rus_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kievan_Rus%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kievan Rus' (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kievan Rus'</a> noong ika-11 siglo.</figcaption></figure> Ang pagtatatag ng unang East Eslabo estado sa 9 na siglo ay nangyari sa panahon ng pagdating ng mga Varangian , ang Vikings na pakikipagsapalaran kasama ang mga waterways ng pagpapalawak mula sa silangan Baltic sa Black at Kaspiy Dagat.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Ayon sa Pangunahing Chronicle, isang Varangian mula Rus 'tao , na nagngangalang Rurik, ay inihalal pinuno ng Novgorod sa 862. Ang kanyang mga kahalili Oleg ang Propeta inilipat timog at conquered Kiev sa 882,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> na kung saan ay nagkaroon na dati nagbabayad pugay sa mga Khazars; kaya ang estado ng Kievan Rus ' nagsimula. Oleg, Rurik's anak Igor at Igor's anak Svyatoslav dakong huli pinasuko ang lahat ng lipi East Eslabo sa Kievan tuntunin, sinira ang Khazar khaganate at inilunsad ng ilang mga militar Ekspedisyon sa Byzantium. Sa 10th sa 11th siglo Kievan Rus 'naging isa sa mga pinakamalaking at pinaka maunlad na estado sa Europa.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Ang naghahari ng Vladimir ang Great (980–1015) at ang kaniyang anak Yaroslav ko ang Wise (1019–1054) ay bumubuo sa Golden Edad ng Kiev, na kung saan nakita ang pagtanggap ng Ortodoksia Kristiyanismo mula sa Byzantium at ang pagbuo ng unang East Eslabo nakasulat legal code , ang Russkaya Pravda . Sa 11th at 12th siglo, palaging incursions sa pamamagitan ng laog Turko tribes, tulad ng mga Kipchaks at ang Pechenegs , na sanhi ng isang malaki at mabigat migration ng Eslabo populasyon sa mas ligtas na, mabigat na kagubatan sa rehiyon ng hilagaan, lalo na sa mga lugar na kilala bilang Zalesye .<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Lebedev_baptism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lebedev_baptism.jpg/220px-Lebedev_baptism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lebedev_baptism.jpg/330px-Lebedev_baptism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lebedev_baptism.jpg/440px-Lebedev_baptism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagbautismo_sa_mga_Kievan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagbautismo sa mga Kievan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagbautismo sa mga Kievan</a>, ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klavdy_Lebedev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klavdy Lebedev (hindi pa naisusulat)">Klavdy Lebedev</a>.</figcaption></figure> Ang edad ng <a href="/wiki/Piyudalismo" title="Piyudalismo">pyudalismo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Desentralisasyon" title="Desentralisasyon">desentralisasyon</a> ay dumating, minarkahan sa pamamagitan ng pare-pareho sa mga in-labanan sa pagitan ng mga kasapi ng Rurikid Dinastiyang na pinasiyahan Kievan Rus 'sama-sama. Kiev's pangingibabaw waned, sa benepisyo ng Vladimir-Suzdal sa hilaga-silangan, Novgorod Republika sa-kanluran hilaga at Galicia-Volhynia sa timog-kanluran. Huli Kievan Rus 'disintegrated, may mga huling suntok na ang Mongol invasion ng 1237–1240,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> na nagresulta sa pagkawasak ng Kiev<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> at ang pagkamatay ng tungkol sa kalahati ng populasyon ng Rus '.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Ang manlulupig, mamaya na kilala bilang Tatars , nabuo ang estado ng mga <a href="/wiki/Ginintuang_Horda" title="Ginintuang Horda">Ginintuang Horda</a>, na pillaged ang Russian pamunuan at pinasiyahan sa timog at central expanses ng Russia para sa higit sa tatlong siglo.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Galicia-Volhynia sa huli ay assimilated sa pamamagitan ng Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , habang ang mga Mongol-dominado Vladimir-Suzdal at Novgorod Republic, dalawang rehiyon sa paligid ng Kiev, itinatag ang batayan para sa mga modernong Russian bansa. Ang Novgorod kasama Pskov pinanatili ng ilang mga antas ng awtonomya sa panahon na ang panahon ng pamatok Mongol at higit sa lahat ay ipinagkait ang mga kabangisan na apektado ang magpahinga ng ang bansa. Sa pamumuno ni Alexander Nevsky , Novgorodians repelled ang invading Swedes sa Labanan sa Neba sa 1240, pati na rin ang Crusaders Aleman sa Labanan sa Ice sa 1242, paglabag sa kanilang mga pagtatangka upang kolonisahan ang Northern Rus '. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dakilang_Duke_ng_Moscow">Dakilang Duke ng Moscow</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Dakilang Duke ng Moscow" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Dakilang Duke ng Moscow">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakilang_Duke_ng_Moscow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dakilang Duke ng Moscow (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dakilang Duke ng Moscow</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg/250px-Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg/375px-Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg/500px-Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Binabasbasan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergius_ng_Radonezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergius ng Radonezh (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sergius ng Radonezh</a> si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitri_Donskoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitri Donskoi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dmitri Donskoi</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinity_Sergius_Lavra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinity Sergius Lavra (hindi pa naisusulat)">Trinity Sergius Lavra</a>, bago ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labanan_sa_Kulikovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labanan sa Kulikovo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Labanan sa Kulikovo</a>.</figcaption></figure> Ang pinaka malakas na estado kahalili sa Kievan Rus 'ay ang Grand titulo ng duke ng Moscow ("Moscovy" sa Western alaala), sa una ng isang bahagi ng Vladimir-Suzdal . Habang pa rin sa ilalim ng domain ng mga Mongol-Tatars at sa kanilang mga kasabwat, Moscow ay nagsimulang igiit ang kanyang impluwensiya sa Western Russia sa unang bahagi ng ika-14 siglo. Sa mga ay mahirap na beses, na may mga madalas na -Tatar raids Mongol at agrikultura paghihirap mula sa simula ng Little Ice Age . Tulad sa ang magpahinga ng Europa, mga salot hit Russia lugar sa isang beses bawat limang o anim na taon 1350-1490. Gayunman, dahil sa ang mas mababang densidad ng populasyon at mas mahusay na pangangalaga sa kalinisan (lakit pagsasanay ng banya , ang basa ng singaw paliguan),<a href="#cite_note-banya-23">[23]</a> populasyon ng pagkawala na sanhi ng mga salot ay hindi kaya ng malubhang bilang sa Western Europe, at ang mga pre-salot na populasyon ay naabot sa Russia nang maaga bilang 1500.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Humantong sa pamamagitan ng Prince Dmitri Donskoy ng Moscow at nakatulong sa pamamagitan ng Russian Orthodox Church , ang nagkakaisang hukbo ng mga Ruso mga pamunuan inflicted isang milyahe pagkatalo sa mga Mongol-Tatars sa Labanan sa Kulikovo sa 1380. Moscow unti buyo ang mga nakapaligid na mga pamunuan, kabilang ang mga dating malakas na rivals, tulad ng Tver at Novgorod . Sa ganitong paraan Moscow ang naging pangunahing nangungunang puwersa sa proseso ng Russia's reunification at expansion. Ivan III (ang Great) sa wakas threw off ang mga kontrol ng Ginintuang Horda, pinagtibay sa buong ng Central at Northern Rus 'sa ilalim ng Moscow's kapangyarihan, at ang unang sa kumuha ang pamagat "Grand Duke ng lahat ng mga Russias".<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Matapos ang pagbagsak ng Constantinople sa 1453, Moscow inaangkin sunod sa mga legacy ng Eastern Roman Empire . Ivan III asawa Sophia Palaiologina , ang pamangkin ng huling Byzantine emperador Constantine XI , at ginawa ang Byzantine double-luko agila sa kanyang sarili, at sa huli Russian, amerikana-ng-bisig. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsardom_ng_Rusya">Tsardom ng Rusya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tsardom ng Rusya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Tsardom ng Rusya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsardom_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsardom ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tsardom ng Rusya</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Ivan_the_Terrible_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ivan_the_Terrible_%28cropped%29.JPG/170px-Ivan_the_Terrible_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ivan_the_Terrible_%28cropped%29.JPG/255px-Ivan_the_Terrible_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ivan_the_Terrible_%28cropped%29.JPG/340px-Ivan_the_Terrible_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption>Si Tsar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan IV (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ivan IV</a> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Repin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilya Repin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ilya Repin</a></figcaption></figure> Sa pag-unlad ng Ikatlong Roma ideya, ang Grand Duke Ivan IV (ang "Awesome"<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> o "mga kilabot") ay opisyal na nakoronahan ang unang Tsar (" Cesar ") ng Russia sa 1547. Ang Tsar promulgated ng isang bagong code ng mga batas ( Sudebnik ng 1550 ), itinatag ang unang Russian pyudal kinatawan katawan ( Zemsky Sobor ) at ipinakilala ang mga lokal na self-management sa kanayunan rehiyon.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Sa panahon ng kanyang mahabang maghari, Ivan IV halos lambal ang naka malaking Ruso teritoryo sa pamamagitan ng annexing ang tatlong khanates Tatar (bahagi ng disintegrated Ginintuang Horda): Kazan at Astrakhan kasama ang Volga River, at kapangyarihan ng kan Sibirean sa South Western Siberia. Ganito sa katapusan ng ika-16 siglo Russia ay transformed sa isang multiethnic , multiconfessional at transkontinental estado . Gayunman, ang Tsardom ay weakened sa pamamagitan ng mahaba at hindi matagumpay Livonian War laban sa koalisyon ng Poland, Lithuania, Sweden at para sa access sa Baltic baybayin at dagat kalakalan.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Sa parehong oras ang Tatars ng Krimeano kapangyarihan ng kan, ang tanging natitirang mga kahalili sa mga Ginintuang Horda, patuloy na salakayin Southern Russia,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> at ay kahit able sa burn down Moscow sa 1571.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Minin_%26_Pozharskiy_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Minin_%26_Pozharskiy_01.JPG/170px-Minin_%26_Pozharskiy_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Minin_%26_Pozharskiy_01.JPG/255px-Minin_%26_Pozharskiy_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Minin_%26_Pozharskiy_01.JPG/340px-Minin_%26_Pozharskiy_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monumento_para_kay_Minin_at_Pozharsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monumento para kay Minin at Pozharsky (hindi pa naisusulat)">Monumento para kay Minin at Pozharsky</a> sa Moscow</figcaption></figure> Ang kamatayan ng Ivan's anak na minarkahan ang katapusan ng sinaunang Rurikid Dinastiyang sa 1598, at sa kumbinasyon sa mga gutom ng 1601-1603<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> ang humantong sa civil war, ang mga tuntunin ng pretenders at dayuhang interbensiyon sa panahon ng Time ng problema sa unang bahagi ng 17 na siglo.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth abala bahagi ng Russia, kabilang Moscow. Sa 1612 ang mga Poles ay sapilitang sa retiro sa pamamagitan ng mga Ruso pulutong volunteer, na humantong sa pamamagitan ng dalawang pambansang bayani, merchant Kuzma Minin at Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. Ang Dinastiyang Romanov acceded sa trono sa 1613 sa pamamagitan ng mga desisyon ng Zemsky Sobor , at ang bansa ang nagsimula nito unti-unting paggaling mula sa krisis. Russia patuloy nito sa teritoryo ng paglago sa pamamagitan ng 17 siglo, na kung saan ay ang edad ng Cossacks . Cossacks ay warriors ayusin sa militar ng mga komunidad, magkawangki pirates at pioneers sa New World . Sa 1648, ang mga magbubukid ng Ukraine sumali sa Zaporozhian Cossacks sa paghihimagsik laban sa Poland-Lithuania sa panahon ng pag-aalsa Khmelnytsky , dahil sa mga panlipunan at relihiyon aapi sila ay nagdusa sa ilalim Polish tuntunin. Sa 1654 ang mga Ukranian lider, Bohdan Khmelnytsky , inaalok sa mga lugar Ukraine ilalim ng proteksiyon ng mga Russian Tsar, Aleksey ko . Aleksey's na pagtanggap sa alok na ito na humantong sa isa pang Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) . Panghuli, Ukraine ay nahati sa kahabaan ng ilog Dnieper , Aalis ang mga western bahagi (o right-bangko Ukraine ) sa ilalim ng Polish tuntunin at silangang bahagi ( Kaliwa-bangko Ukraine at Kiev ) sa ilalim ng Russian. Mamaya, sa 1670–1671 ang Don Cossacks humantong sa pamamagitan ng Stenka Razin na sinimulan ng isang malaking pag-aalsa sa rehiyon Volga, ngunit ang Tsar's tropa ay matagumpay manalo sa mga rebelde. Sa silangan, ang mabilis na Russian pagsaliksik at kolonisasyon ng ang malaking mga teritoryo ng Siberya ay humantong sa pamamagitan ng halos lahat Cossacks pangangaso para sa mahalagang mga fur at garing . Russian explorers hunhon silangan lalo na kasama ang mga ruta ng Siberya ilog , at sa pamamagitan ng kalagitnaan ng 17 siglo ay may mga Russian settlements sa Eastern Siberia, sa Chukchi Peninsula , kasama ang Amur River , at sa Pacific baybayin. Sa 1648 ang Kipot ng Bering sa pagitan ng Asya at North America ay lumipas na para sa unang panahon sa pamamagitan ng Fedot Popov at Semyon Dezhnyov . <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperyal_na_Rusya">Imperyal na Rusya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Imperyal na Rusya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Imperyal na Rusya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Ruso" title="Imperyong Ruso">Imperyong Ruso</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg/180px-Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg/270px-Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg/360px-Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Si <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter the Great">Pedrong Dakila</a>, ang unang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Emperador ng Rusya</a>.</figcaption></figure> Sa ilalim ng Tsarinong si Pedrong Dakila, ang bansa ay naging isang imperyo noong 1721 at naging kinikilala bilang isang makapangyarihang puwersa sa mundo. Sa paghahari nioya noong 1682–1725, pinabagsak ni Pedro ang Sweden sa Dakilang Digmaang Hilaga at pinilit ang huli ito na isuko ang West Karelia at Ingria (dalawang rehiyon nawala sa pamamagitan ng Russia sa Panahon ng Mga Gulo),<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> pati na rin ang Estland at Livland, at pagsiguro ng rutang pandagat ng Imperyong Ruso sa Dagat Baltik.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Nagpagawa si Tsarenong Pedro ng bagong kabisera na tinatawag na Saint Petersburg na kinatatayuan ng isang <a href="/wiki/Portipikasyon" title="Portipikasyon">kuta</a> ng Sweden, na sa susunod na mga taon ay kilalanin bilang Bintana ng Rusya sa Europa. Ang kanyang mga reporma sa pagpapalago ng Kanluraning Kultura sa Rusya ang nagdala sa kanya upang kilalanin siya ng mga kapwa niyang Ruso na "Ama ng Padkakanluranin" ng Rusya. Sa pamamagitan ng babaeng anak ni Pedro na si Elisabet, na naghari sa imperyo noong 1741–62, nakilahok ang Rusya sa Digmaang Pitong Taon (1756–1763). Habang nagaganap ang tunggalian ng Russia at <a href="/wiki/Prusya" title="Prusya">Prusya</a> na isanib ang Eastern Prussia sa Imperyong Ruuso at kahit na kinuha nila ang Berlin, namatay ang Tsarinang si Elisabet, at lahat ng mga lugar na nasakop ng Rusya ay bumalik sa kaharian ng Prussia sa pamamagitan ng maka-Prusyang Tsarenong Pedro III ng Rusya. Sa pamamagitan ng Dakilang Tsarenang si Katrina II, na namuno noong 1762–96, lumaki ang Imperyong Ruso hanggang sa mga Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at isinanib ang karamihan sa kanyang teritoryo sa Russia sa panahon ng Paghahati ng Poland, nahinto ang paglako ng mga hangganan ng imperyo sa dakong kalunuran sa Gitnang Europa. Sa timog, pagkatapos ng matagumpay ng Digmaang Ruso-Turko laban sa mga kawal ng Imperyong Otoman, pinalaki ni Katrina ang hangganan ng imperyo sa Dagat Itim at nasakop ang kaharian ng mga Krimeano. Bilang resulta ng tagumpay sa ibabaw ng Ottomans, nasakop din ang makabuluhang pananakop ng teritoryo na nadagdag ang Transcaucasia sa imperyo noong unang bahagi ng ika-19 siglo. Patuloy ang pananakop sa ilalim ni Tsarenong Alehandro I (1801–1825); nakuha ang Finland mula sa napahinang kaharian ng Sweden noong 1809 at ng Bessarabia mula sa mga Turkong Otoman noong 1812. Sa panahong ring iyon nasakop ng mag Ruso ang Alaska at itinatag ang mga kutang Ruso sa California, tulad ng Fort Ross. Sa 1803–1806 ang unang ekspedisyon ng imperyo ng mundo ay ginawa, mamaya na sinusundan ng iba pang makabuluhang pagsaliksik ng mga biyaheng pandagat. Noong 1820 nagpadala ang imperyo ng ekspedisyon na nakatuklas sa kontinente ng Antarctica. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Russian_Empire_(1867).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Russian_Empire_%281867%29.svg/250px-Russian_Empire_%281867%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Russian_Empire_%281867%29.svg/375px-Russian_Empire_%281867%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Russian_Empire_%281867%29.svg/500px-Russian_Empire_%281867%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Ruso" title="Imperyong Ruso">Imperyong Ruso</a> noong 1866 at pati ang mga saklaw ng impluwensiya.</figcaption></figure> Sa alyansa sa iba't-ibang European bansa, nakipaglaban ang Imperyong Ruso sa Napoleonikong Pransiya. Dahil mga ambisyon ni Emperador Napoleon ng Pransiya na tahimikin ang Russia at sa pagkaabot ng karurukan ng kapangyarihan ng Emperador noong 1812, nabigo nang abang-aba na ang kasundaluhan ni Napoleon at ang pagtutol sa kumbinasyon sa mga matinding malamig ng Rusong taglamig na humantong sa isang nakapipinsalang pagkatalo ng manlulupig, kung saan higit sa 95% bahagdan ng Grande Armée ay nawala.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Sa pamumuno nina Mikhail Kutuzov at Barclay de Tolly, ang hukbong Ruso ang nagpaalis kay Napoleon mula sa bansa at pinalayas sa pamamagitan ng Koalisyong Europa sa digmaan ng Sixth Coalition, sa wakas ng pagpasok ng Paris. Ang mga kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/Kongreso_ng_Viena" title="Kongreso ng Viena">Kongreso ng Viena</a>, na sinalian nina Tsarenong Alehandro I at Emperador Francisco I ng Austria, ang nagguhit ng bagong mapa ng Europa pagkatapos ng pagkatalo ni Emperador Napoleon sa digmaan. Ang mga opisyal ng Napoleonik Wars nagdala ng mga ideya ng liberalismo bumalik sa Russia sa kanila at tinangka upang paikliin sar's kapangyarihan sa panahon ng abortive Decembrist aalsa ng 1825. Sa katapusan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Konserbatismo" title="Konserbatismo">konserbatibo</a> paghahari ni Nicolas ko (1825–1855) isang tugatog panahon ng Russia's kapangyarihan at impluwensiya sa Europa ay ginulo ng pagkatalo sa Krimeano War . Nicholas's kahalili Alexander II (1855–1881) enacted makabuluhang pagbabago sa bansa, kabilang ang palayain reporma ng 1861 ; mga Great pagbabagong spurred <a href="/wiki/Industriyalisasyon" title="Industriyalisasyon">industriyalisasyon</a> at modernized ang Russian hukbo, na kung saan ay matagumpay na liberated Bulgaria mula sa Turko tuntunin sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=1877%E2%80%9378_Russo-Turkish_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1877–78 Russo-Turkish War (hindi pa naisusulat)">1877–78 Russo-Turkish War</a>. Ang huli 19th siglo nakita ang tumaas ng iba't ibang sosyalistang kilusan sa Rusya. Alexander II ay napatay sa 1881 sa pamamagitan ng rebolusyonaryong terorista, at ang paghahari ng kaniyang anak Alexander III (1881–1894) ay mas liberal ngunit mas mapayapa. Ang huling Russian Emperador, Nicholas II (1894–1917), ay hindi nagawang, gayunpaman, upang maiwasan ang mga kaganapan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Ruso_ng_1905" title="Himagsikang Ruso ng 1905">Himagsikang Ruso ng 1905</a> , na-trigger ng hindi matagumpay na mga Russo-Japanese War at ang demonstration insidente kilala bilang marugo Linggo . Ang pag-aalsa ay ilagay down, ngunit ang mga pamahalaan ay sapilitang upang payagan pangunahing reporma, kabilang ang pagbibigay ng kalayaan ng pananalita at pagpupulong , ang legalisasyon ng mga partidong pampolitika at ang pagbuo ng isang inihalal na pambatasan katawan, ang Estado Duma ng Russian Empire . <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg/220px-Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg/330px-Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg/440px-Kustodiev_The_Bolshevik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1453" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Kustodiev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Kustodiev (hindi pa naisusulat)">Boris Kustodiev</a>, isang representasyong biswal ng <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Ruso_(1917)" title="Himagsikang Ruso (1917)">Himagsikang Ruso</a>.</figcaption></figure> Sa 1914 Russia ipinasok World War ko sa tugon sa Austria's deklarasyon ng digmaan sa Russia's ally Serbia , at lumaban sa maramihang mga fronts habang hiwalay sa kanyang Triple pinagkaintindihan alyado. Sa 1916 ang Brusilov Nakakasakit ng Russian Army nilipol ang mga militar ng Austria-Hungary halos ganap. Gayunman, ang mga naka-umiiral na mga pampublikong kawalan ng tiwala ng rehimen ay deepened sa pamamagitan ng pagsikat gastos ng digmaan, ang mataas na casualties , at ng mga alingawngaw ng corruption at pagtataksil. Ang lahat ng ito nabuo ang klima para sa mga <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Ruso_ng_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Himagsikang Ruso ng 1917">Himagsikang Ruso ng 1917</a>, natupad sa dalawang pangunahing mga gawa. Ang Pebrero Revolution sapilitang Nicholas II sa magbitiw sa tungkulin; siya at ang kanyang pamilya ay nabilanggo at mamaya naisakatuparan sa panahon ng Ruso Civil War . Ang monarkiya ay pinalitan ng isang nangangalog koalisyon ng mga partidong pampolitika na ipinahayag mismo ang Pansamantalang Pamahalaan . Isang alternatibong sosyalista pagtatatag umiiral sa tabi, ang Petrograd Sobyet , wielding kapangyarihan sa pamamagitan ng demokratikong inihalal na konseho ng manggagawa at magsasaka, na tinatawag na Soviets . Ang mga tuntunin ng mga bagong awtoridad lamang lala ang krisis sa bansa, sa halip ng paglutas ng mga ito. Sa kalaunan, sa <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Oktubre" class="mw-redirect" title="Himagsikang Oktubre">Himagsikang Oktubre</a>, sa pangunguna ni Bolshevik lider Vladimir Lenin , ginulo ang Pansamantalang Pamahalaan at nilikha mundo unang mga <a href="/wiki/Sosyalistang_estado" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosyalistang estado">sosyalistang estado</a> . <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rusyang_Sobyet">Rusyang Sobyet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Rusyang Sobyet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Rusyang Sobyet">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Sobyet" class="mw-redirect" title="Unyong Sobyet">Unyong Sobyet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_Unyong_Sobyet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng Unyong Sobyet (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng Unyong Sobyet</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a></div> Kasunod ng <a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Oktubre" class="mw-redirect" title="Himagsikang Oktubre">Himagsikang Oktubre</a>, isang civil war Nasira out sa pagitan ng mga kontra-rebolusyonaryong kilusan White at ang bagong rehimen sa kanyang Red Army . Russia nawala ang kanyang Ukrainian, Polish, Baltic, at Finnish teritoryo sa pamamagitan ng pagpirma sa <a href="/wiki/Tratado_ng_Brest-Litovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tratado ng Brest-Litovsk">Tratado ng Brest-Litovsk</a> na concluded labanan sa <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> sa World War I. Ang magkakatulad kapangyarihan inilunsad ng isang hindi matagumpay militar interbensiyon sa suporta ng mga anti-Komunista ng pwersa, habang ang parehong ang mga Bolsheviks at White kilusan natupad sa mga kampanya ng deportations at executions laban sa bawat isa, ayon sa pagkakabanggit kilala bilang ang Red Terror at White Terror . Sa pagtatapos ng digmaang sibil ang Russian ekonomiya at imprastraktura ay mabigat na nasira. Milyun-milyong naging White émigrés ,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> at ang Povolzhye gutom inaangkin 5 milyong mga biktima.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Ang Russian SFSR kasama ang tatlong iba pang mga Sobiyet republics nabuo ang Unyong Sobyet , o USSR, sa 30 Disyembre 1922. Sa labas ng 15 republics ng USSR , ang Russian SFSR ay ang pinakamalaking sa mga tuntunin ng laki, at paggawa ng up ng higit sa kalahati ng kabuuang populasyon USSR, dominado ng unyon para sa kanyang buong 69-taong kasaysayan; ang Unyong Sobyet ay madalas na tinutukoy sa, bagaman hindi tama, tulad ng Russia at ang kanyang mga tao bilang Russians. Sumusunod Lenin kamatayan 's sa 1924, si Joseph Stalin , ang isang inihalal General Secretary ng Partido Komunista , pinamamahalaang upang ilagay ang lahat ng mga grupo ng pagsalungat sa loob ng mga partido at pagsamasamahin marami kapangyarihan sa kanyang mga kamay. Leon Trotsky , ang mga pangunahing tagasulong ng rebolusyon mundo , ay desterado mula sa Unyong Sobyet noong 1929, at Stalin's ideya ng sosyalismo sa isang bansa ay naging ang pangunahing linya. Ang patuloy na panloob na pakikibaka sa mga Bolshevik party culminated sa ang Great purge , ang isang panahon ng repressions mass sa 1937–1938, kung saan daan-daang libo ng mga tao ay naisakatuparan, kabilang ang militar lider nahatulan sa coup d'état plots.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Ang pamahalaan ay inilunsad ng isang binalak ekonomiya , industriyalisasyon sa kanayunan na higit sa lahat ng bansa, at kolektibisasyon ng agrikultura nito. Sa panahon na ito ng mabilis na pangkabuhayan at panlipunan ng milyon-milyong mga pagbabago ng mga tao got sa penal mga kampo ng paggawa ,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> kasama na ang maraming mga pampolitikang convicts, at milyon-milyon ay deportado at ipinatapon sa remote na lugar ng Unyong Sobyet.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Ang palampas kaguluhan ng mga bansa agrikultura, pinagsama sa malupit na mga patakaran ng estado at ng isang kawalan ng ulan, ang humantong sa gutom ng 1932–1933 .<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Gayunman, kahit na may isang mabigat na presyo, ang Unyong Sobyet ay transformed mula sa isang agraryo ekonomiya sa isang pangunahing pang-industriya planta ng elektrisidad sa isang maikling span ng panahon. Ang patakaran sa pagpapayapa ng Great Britain at France sa Hitler annexions s 'ng Ruhr , Austria at sa wakas ng Czechoslovakia pinalaki ng kapangyarihan ng Nazi Germany at maglagay ng isang pagbabanta ng digmaan sa Unyong Sobyet. Around sa parehong oras ang Aleman Reich allied na may ang Empire ng Japan , isang karibal ng USSR sa <a href="/wiki/Malayong_Silangan" title="Malayong Silangan">Malayong Silangan</a> at isang bukas na kaaway sa Sobiyet-Japanese Border Wars sa 1938-39. Sa Agosto 1939, pagkatapos ng isa pang kabiguan ng pagtatangka upang magtatag ng isang kontra-Nasismo alyansa ng Britanya at Pransiya, ang Sobiyet pamahalaan sumang-ayon na tapusin ang Molotov-Ribbentrop Kasunduan sa Alemanya, pledging non-agresyon sa pagitan ng dalawang bansa at paghahati ng kanilang mga saklaw ng impluwensiya sa Silangang Europa . Habang Hitler conquered Poland, France at iba pang bansa na kumikilos sa iisang harap na sa simula ng World War II , ang USSR ay able sa build up ang kanyang militar at mabawi ang ilan sa mga dating teritoryo ng Russian Empire sa panahon ng Sobiyet paglusob ng Poland at ang Winter War . Sa 22 Hunyo 1941, Nazi Germany ang nakabasag non-agresyon kasunduan at lusubin ang Sobiyet Union sa mga pinakamalaking at pinaka malakas na puwersa sa paglusob ng tao ang kasaysayan,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> ang pagbubukas ng pinakamalaking teatro ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig . Bagaman ang Aleman hukbo ay nagkaroon ng mumunti tagumpay sa maagang bahagi, ang kanilang mga mabangis na pagsalakay ay pinatigil sa Labanan sa Moscow . Sa dakong huli sa mga Germans ay dealt pangunahing pagkatalo unang sa Battle ng Stalingrad sa taglamig ng 1942–43,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> at pagkatapos ay sa Battle ng Kursk sa tag-init ng 1943. Isa pang Aleman kabiguan ay ang paglusob ng Leningrad , kung saan ang bayan ay lubos na blockaded sa lupain sa pagitan ng 1941–1944 sa pamamagitan ng Aleman at Finnish pwersa, paghihirap kagutuman at higit sa isang milyong mga pagkamatay, ngunit hindi kailanman isinusuko.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Sa ilalim ng Stalin's administrasyon at ang pamumuno ng tulad commanders bilang Georgy Zhukov at Konstantin Rokossovsky , Sobiyet pwersa kawan sa pamamagitan ng Silangang Europa sa 1944–45 at nakuha Berlin Mayo 1945. Sa Agosto 1945 ang Sobiyet Army ousted Hapon mula sa Tsina's Manchukuo at North Korea , ng kontribusyon sa mga kaalyado pagtatagumpay sa Japan. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Gagarin_in_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gagarin_in_Sweden.jpg/170px-Gagarin_in_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Gagarin_in_Sweden.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Unang tao sa kalawaan, si <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a></figcaption></figure> 1941–1945 na panahon ng World War II ay kilala sa Russia bilang ang Great War Makabayan . Sa ganitong tunggalian, na kung saan kasama ang marami sa mga pinaka-nakamamatay na operasyon ng labanan sa tao ng kasaysayan, Sobiyet militar at sibilyan pagkamatay ay 10600000 at 15900000 ayon sa pagkakabanggit,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> accounting para sa mga tungkol sa isang third ng lahat ng World War II casualties . Ang Sobiyet ekonomiya at imprastraktura nagdusa napakalaking pagkawasak<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> ngunit ang Sobiyet Union lumitaw bilang isang kinikilala superpower . Ang Red Army abala Silangang Europa pagkatapos ng digmaan, kabilang ang East Germany . Dependent sosyalista na pamahalaan ay naka-install sa pagkakaisa Eastern estado satellite. Pagiging mundo ikalawang ang nuclear weapons kapangyarihan , ang USSR itinatag ang <a href="/wiki/Kasunduan_ng_Varsovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasunduan ng Varsovia">Kasunduan ng Varsovia</a> at pumasok sa isang pakikibaka para sa pandaigdigang dominasyon sa Estados Unidos at NATO , na kung saan ay naging kilala bilang ang Cold War . Ang Unyong Sobyet na-export nito Komunista ideolohiya sa bagong nabuo Republika ng Tsina at Hilagang Korea , at mamaya sa Cuba at maraming iba pang mga bansa. Makabuluhang halaga ng mga Sobyet na yaman ay inilalaan sa aid sa iba pang mga sosyalistang estado.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Pagkatapos Stalin kamatayan 's at sa isang maikling panahon ng kolektibong patakaran, ang isang bagong lider Nikita Khrushchev denunsiyado ang mga uri ng pagsamba ng pagkatao ng Stalin at inilunsad ang mga patakaran ng mga de-Stalinization . Penal ng paggawa na sistema ay nagbago at maraming-marami sa mga bilanggo pinakawalan;<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> ang pangkalahatang kadalian ng mga patakaran ng mga mapanupil na naging kilala bilang mamaya Khruschev pagkatunaw . Sa parehong panahon, tensions sa Estados Unidos heightened kapag ang dalawang rivals clashed sa paglawak ng US missiles Jupiter sa Turkey at Sobiyet missiles sa Cuba . <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg/220px-Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg/330px-Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg/440px-Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estasyong_pangkalawaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estasyong pangkalawaan (hindi pa naisusulat)">estasyong pangkalawaan</a> ng Sobyet at Ruso na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mir</a></figcaption></figure> Sa 1957 ang Sobiyet Union inilunsad mundo unang mga artipisyal na satellite , Sputnik 1 , ganito ang simula ng Space Age . Russian kosmonawt Yuri Gagarin ang naging unang tao sa orbita ang Earth sakay Vostok 1 pinapatakbo ng tao spacecraft sa 12 Abril 1961 . Mga sumusunod na ang ousting ng Khrushchev, isa pang panahon ng kolektibong tuntunin ensued, hanggang Leonid Brezhnev ay naging mga lider. Kosygin reporma , na naglalayong sa bahagyang desentralisasyon ng Sobiyet ekonomiya at paglilipat ng diin mula sa mabigat na industriya at armas sa liwanag industriya at mga consumer kalakal , ay stifled sa pamamagitan ng ang konserbatibo Komunista pamumuno. Ang panahon ng 1970s at unang bahagi ng 1980s ay naging kilala bilang Brezhnev pagwawalang-kilos . Sa 1979 ang Sobiyet pwersa ipinasok Afghanistan sa kahilingan ng kanyang mga komunista na pamahalaan. Ang pananakop pinatuyo ekonomiyang mga resources at dragged sa pagkamit nang walang makabuluhang pampolitika resulta. Huli ang Sobiyet Army ay nakuha mula sa Afghanistan sa 1989 dahil sa pagsalungat internasyonal, persistent anti-Sobyet gerilya digma (pinahusay na sa pamamagitan ng US), at isang kakulangan ng suporta mula sa Sobiyet mamamayan. Mula 1985 pataas, ang huling Sobiyet lider Mikhail Gorbachev ang nagpasimula ng mga patakaran ng glasnost (pagkabukas ng isip) at perestroika (restructuring) sa isang pagtatangka na gawing makabago ang mga bansa at gumawa ito ng mas demokratiko . Gayunman, ito ang humantong sa tumaas ng malakas na makabayan at separatista kilusan. Bago sa 1991, ang Sobiyet ekonomiya ay ang pangalawang pinakamalaking sa mundo,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> ngunit sa panahon ng kanyang huling taon na ito ay nagdadalamhati sa pamamagitan ng shortages ng mga bilihin sa mga tindahan ng groseri, malaking budget deficits at paputok paglago sa pera supply humahantong sa pagpintog.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Sa Agosto 1991, isang hindi matagumpay na mga militar pagtatagumpay , itinuro laban Gorbachev at naglalayong pagpepreserba ng Unyong Sobyet, sa halip na humantong sa pagbagsak nito at sa katapusan ng sosyalistang tuntunin. Ang USSR ay nahati sa 15 post-Sobiyet estado sa Disyembre 1991. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pederasyong_Rusya">Pederasyong Rusya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pederasyong Rusya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Pederasyong Rusya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_Rusya_pagatapos_ng_Unyong_Sobyet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng Rusya pagatapos ng Unyong Sobyet (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng Rusya pagatapos ng Unyong Sobyet</a></div> Boris Yeltsin ay inihalal ang Presidente ng Russia sa Hunyo 1991, sa unang direktang halalan sa Rusong kasaysayan. Sa panahon at pagkatapos ng Sobyet paghiwalay, wide-ranging reporma kabilang pribatisasyon at merkado at kalakalan liberalisasyon ay pagiging nagtangka,<a href="#cite_note-OECD-52">[52]</a> kasama na ang mga radikal na pagbabago kasama ang mga linya ng " shock therapy "bilang inirerekomenda ng Estados Unidos at Pandaigdigang Pondong Fund .<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Lahat ito ay nagdulot ng isang malaking krisis ekonomiya, characterized sa pamamagitan ng 50% tanggihan ng parehong GDP at pang-industriya na output sa pagitan ng 1990-1995.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Pribatisasyon ang higit sa lahat shifted control ng negosyo mula sa mga ahensiya ng estado sa mga indibidwal na may koneksiyon sa loob sa sistema ng pamahalaan. Marami sa mga bagong mayaman businesspeople kinuha bilyong sa cash at ari-arian sa labas ng bansa sa isang malaking flight capital .<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Ang depression ng estado at ekonomiya ang humantong sa pagbagsak ng mga serbisyong panlipunan; ang kapanganakan rate plummeted habang ang kamatayan rate skyrocketed. Milyun-milyong plunged sa kahirapan, mula sa 1.5% na antas ng kahirapan sa huli Sobiyet panahon, sa 39-49% sa pamamagitan ng kalagitnaan ng 1993.<a href="#cite_note-worldbank-56">[56]</a> Ang 1990s nakita matinding corruption at kawalan ng batas, tumaas ng kriminal gangs at marahas na krimen.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Ang 1990s ay plagued sa pamamagitan ng armadong conflicts sa Northern Kukasus , parehong lokal na etniko skirmishes at separatista Islamist insurrections. Dahil ang Chechen separatists ay ipinahayag <a href="/wiki/Kasarinlan" title="Kasarinlan">pagsasarili</a> sa maagang 1990s, isang paulit-ulit digmaan gerilya ay lumaban sa pagitan ng mga rebeldeng grupo at ang mga Ruso militar. Terorista na atake laban sa mga sibilyan natupad sa pamamagitan ng separatists, karamihan sa kapansin-pansin ang mga drama prenda Moscow krisis at Beslan paaralan pagkubkob , dulot ng daan-daang mga pagkamatay at hinila sa buong mundo ng pansin. Russia kinuha up ang responsibilidad para sa pag-aayos ng panlabas na utang sa USSR, kahit na populasyon nito na binubuo lamang ng kalahati ng populasyon ng USSR sa panahon ng bisa nito.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Mataas na badyet deficits na sanhi ng 1998 Russian pinansiyal na krisis<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> at nagdulot sa karagdagang GDP tanggihan.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-52">[52]</a> Sa 31 Disyembre 1999 Pangulong Yeltsin nagbitiw, namimigay ng post sa mga kamakailan takdang Punong Ministro, Vladimir Putin , na pagkatapos ay won ang 2000 presidential election . Putin bigti ang Chechen insurgency , kahit manaka-naka pa rin karahasan ay nangyayari sa buong Northern Kukasus. Mataas na presyo ng langis at sa una mahina pera kasunod ng pagtaas ng domestic, consumption demand at pamumuhunan ay nakatulong sa ekonomiya ang maging para sa siyam na tuwid taon, ang pagpapabuti ng mga pamantayan ng pamumuhay at pagtaas ng Russia's impluwensiya sa entablado mundo. Habang ang maraming mga reporma na ginawa sa panahon ng Putin pagkapangulo ay karaniwang criticized sa pamamagitan ng Western bansa bilang un-demokratiko,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Putin's pamumuno sa pagbabalik ng ayos, katatagan, at progreso ay may won kanya lakit popularity sa Rusya.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On 2 Marso 2008, Dmitry Medvedev ay inihalal Pangulo ng Russia , habang Putin naging Punong Ministro . <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pamahalaan_at_Pulitika">Pamahalaan at Pulitika</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pamahalaan at Pulitika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Pamahalaan at Pulitika">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pandaigdigang_Ugnayan">Pandaigdigang Ugnayan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pandaigdigang Ugnayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Pandaigdigang Ugnayan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militar">Militar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Militar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Militar">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Sukhoi_T-50_(PAK_FA)_52_blue_(8730377442).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sukhoi_T-50_%28PAK_FA%29_52_blue_%288730377442%29.jpg/226px-Sukhoi_T-50_%28PAK_FA%29_52_blue_%288730377442%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sukhoi_T-50_%28PAK_FA%29_52_blue_%288730377442%29.jpg/339px-Sukhoi_T-50_%28PAK_FA%29_52_blue_%288730377442%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sukhoi_T-50_%28PAK_FA%29_52_blue_%288730377442%29.jpg/452px-Sukhoi_T-50_%28PAK_FA%29_52_blue_%288730377442%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption>Sukhoi PAK FA T-50 ng hukbong himpapawid ng Rusya</figcaption></figure>Ang Sandatahang Lakas ng Rusya ay nahahati sa Hukbong lupa, Hukbong dagat at Hukbong himpapawid. Mayroon ding tatlong sangay ang sandatahan ng Rusya, ang "Strategic missile troops, Aerospace defence forces at Airborne troops". Noong 2006, ang militar ng Rusya ay mayroong 1.037 milyong tauhan na nasa serbisyo. Ang Rusya ang may pinakamaraming armas nukleyar sa buong mundo at ito ang pangalawang may pinakamalaking plota ng "ballistic missile submarines" at ito lang, maliban sa Estados Unidos, ang may modernong "strategic bomber force", at ang hukbong dagat at himpapawid nito ay isa sa mga pinakamalalaki sa mundo. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kuznecov_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kuznecov_big.jpg/220px-Kuznecov_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kuznecov_big.jpg/330px-Kuznecov_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kuznecov_big.jpg/440px-Kuznecov_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Aircraft carrier na "Admiral kuznetsov" ng hukbong dagat ng Rusya</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagkakahati">Pagkakahati</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkakahati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Pagkakahati">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Adigeya" title="Adigeya">Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai" title="Altai">Republika ng Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baskortostan" title="Baskortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryatiya" title="Buryatiya">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingusetiya" title="Ingusetiya">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardiya-Balkariya" title="Kabardiya-Balkariya">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmukiya" title="Kalmukiya">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" class="mw-redirect" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelia">Republika ng Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Komi" title="Republika ng Komi">Republika ng Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_El" class="mw-redirect" title="Mari El">Mari El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Sakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Sakha">Republika ng Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia-Alania" class="mw-redirect" title="North Ossetia-Alania">Hilagang Ossetia-Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurtia" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakassia" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechenya" title="Chechenya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvasya" title="Chuvasya">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Crimea" title="Republika ng Crimea">Republika ng Crimea</a> (18 Marso 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Altai Krai">Altai Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a></li> <li>Khabarovsk Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Oblast" title="Astrakhan Oblast">Astrakhan Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod_Oblast" title="Belgorod Oblast">Belgorod Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk_Oblast" title="Bryansk Oblast">Bryansk Oblast</a></li> <li>Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Vologda Oblast">Vologda Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Ivanovo" title="Oblast ng Ivanovo">Ivanovo Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Kaluga" title="Oblast ng Kaluga">Kaluga Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka Krai</a> (1 Hulyo 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemerovo_Oblast" title="Kemerovo Oblast">Kemerovo Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Kirov" title="Oblast ng Kirov">Kirov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Kostroma" title="Oblast ng Kostroma">Kostroma Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Kurgan" title="Oblast ng Kurgan">Kurgan Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Kursk" title="Oblast ng Kursk">Kursk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Leningrado" title="Oblast ng Leningrado">Leningrad Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Lipetsk" title="Oblast ng Lipetsk">Lipetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadan_Oblast" title="Magadan Oblast">Magadan Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Mosku" title="Oblast ng Mosku">Moscow Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Murmansk" title="Oblast ng Murmansk">Murmansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Oblast ng Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast" title="Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Novosibirsk Oblast">Novosibirsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryol Oblast">Oryol Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Penza Oblast">Penza Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a> (1 Disyembre 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pskov Oblast">Pskov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostov Oblast">Rostov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara Oblast">Samara Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratov Oblast">Saratov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tambov Oblast">Tambov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tver Oblast">Tver Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomsk Oblast">Tomsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tula Oblast">Tula Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast_ng_Chelyabinsk" title="Oblast ng Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky Krai</a> (1 Marso 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosku" title="Mosku">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Petersburgo" title="San Petersburgo">San Petersburgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (18 Marso 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Oblast Awtonomong Ebreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Nenets Autonomous Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Okrug_%E2%80%94_Yugra" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra">Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demograpiya">Demograpiya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Demograpiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Demograpiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div style="font-size: 90%"> <table class="wikitable" style="border:1px black; float:left; margin-left:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#F99;" colspan="2">Ethnic composition (2002)<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruso" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruso">Ruso</a></td> <td>79.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatars (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tatars</a></td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainians (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ukrainians</a></td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkirs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashkirs (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bashkirs</a></td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuvash_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuvash people (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chuvash</a></td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechen_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechen people (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chechen</a></td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenians (hindi pa naisusulat)">Armenians</a></td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iba/hindi pangunahin</td> <td>10.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Population_of_Russia.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Population_of_Russia.PNG/220px-Population_of_Russia.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Population_of_Russia.PNG/330px-Population_of_Russia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Population_of_Russia.PNG/440px-Population_of_Russia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1302" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>Populasyon (sa milyon) noong 1950–1991 ng <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> sa <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, 1991 – 1 Enero 2010 ng Pederasyong Ruso.</figcaption></figure> Bumubuo ang mga etnikong Ruso sa 79.8% ng populasyon ng bansa, gayunpaman ang Russian Federation ay tahanan din sa ilang mga pangkat-minorya. Sa kabuuan, 160 iba't ibang mga iba pang mga grupo ng etniko at katutubong mamamayan nakatira sa loob ng kanyang hangganan.<a href="#cite_note-ethnicgroups-63">[63]</a> Bagaman Russia's populasyon ay medyo malaki, nito densidad ay mababa dahil sa ang malaking sukat ng bansa. Populasyon ay densest sa European Russia , malapit sa Yural Mountains , at sa timog-kanluran Siberya . 73% ng mga buhay ng populasyon sa urban na lugar habang 27% sa kanayunan na iyan.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Ang kabuuang populasyon ay 141,927,297 tao bilang ng 1 Enero 2010. Russian populasyon masakitin sa 148,689,000 sa 1991, lamang bago ang pagkalansag ng Unyong Sobyet . Ito ay nagsimula sa karanasan ng isang sunud tanggihan simula sa kalagitnaan ng 90s-.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Ang tanggihan ay pinabagal sa malapit sa pagwawalang-kilos sa mga nakaraang taon dahil sa nabawasan ang mga rate ng kamatayan , nadagdagan ang mga rate ng kapanganakan at nadagdagan immigration .<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> Sa 2009 Russia naitala taunang populasyon paglago sa unang pagkakataon sa 15 taon, na may kabuuang paglago ng 10,500.<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> 279,906 migranteng dumating sa Russian Federation sa parehong taon, na kung saan 93% dumating mula sa CIS bansa.<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> Ang bilang ng Russian emigrants steadily tinanggihan mula sa 359,000 sa 2000 sa 32,000 sa 2009.<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> Mayroon ding isang tinatayang 10 milyong mga iligal na dayuhan mula sa ex-Sobiyet estado sa Rusya.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> halos 116,000,000 etniko Russians nakatira sa Russia [108] at tungkol sa 20 milyong mga mas mabuhay sa iba pang mga dating republics ng Sobiyet Union, <a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> halos lahat sa Ukraine at Kazakhstan .<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Ang Saligang Batas ng Russian garantiya libre, unibersal na pangkalusugang pag-aalaga para sa lahat ng mga mamamayan.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Sa pagsasanay, gayunman, ang libreng pangangalaga ng kalusugan ay bahagyang restricted dahil sa propiska rehimen.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Habang Russia ay may higit pang mga manggagamot, mga ospital, at pangangalaga ng kalusugan manggagawa kaysa sa halos lahat ng anumang iba pang mga bansa sa mundo sa isang per capita na batayan,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> dahil sa ang pagbagsak ng Unyong Sobyet ang kalusugan ng mga Russian populasyon ay tinanggihan ang malaki bilang resulta ng panlipunan, ekonomiya, at pamumuhay pagbabago;<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> ang takbo ay mababaligtad lamang sa mga nagdaang taon, na may average na buhay pag-asa sa pagkakaroon ng nadagdagan 2.4 na taon para sa lalaki at 1.4 na taon para sa mga babae sa pagitan ng 2006-09.<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> Bilang ng 2009, ang average na asa sa buhay sa Russia ay 62.77 mga taon para sa lalaki at 74.67 mga taon para sa mga babae.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Ang pinakamalaking factor ng kontribusyon sa mga medyo mababa ang lalaki sa buhay asa para sa lalaki ay isang mataas na rate ng dami ng namamatay sa mga nagtatrabaho-edad lalaki mula mahahadlangan nagiging sanhi ng (halimbawa, alak paglalason, paninigarilyo, ang trapiko aksidente, marahas na krimen).<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> Bilang resulta ng mga malalaking pagkakaiba ng kasarian sa buhay at pag-asa dahil sa mga pangmatagalang epekto ng mataas na casualties sa World War II, ang kasarian liblib nananatiling sa araw na ito at may mga 0.859 lalaki sa bawat babae. Russia's kapanganakan-rate ay mas mataas kaysa sa karamihan sa European bansa (12.4 births sa bawat 1000 na mga tao sa 2008<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> kumpara sa mga European average Union ng 9.90 per 1000),<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> habang ang kamatayan rate ay malaki mas mataas na (sa 2009, Russia's kamatayan rate ay 14.2 per 1000 mga tao<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a> kumpara sa mga EU average ng 10.28 per 1000).<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Subalit, ang Russian Ministry of Health at Social Affairs hinuhulaan na sa pamamagitan ng 2011 ang kamatayan rate ay katumbas ng kapanganakan rate dahil sa pagtaas sa pagkamayabong at tanggihan sa dami ng namamatay.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Ang pamahalaan ay pagpapatupad ng isang bilang ng mga programa na dinisenyo upang taasan ang kapanganakan rate at makakuha ng mas maraming mga migrante. Buwanang bata support bayad ay lambal, at ng isang isang-beses na pagbabayad ng 250,000 Rubles (sa paligid ng US $ 10,000) ay inaalok sa mga kababaihan na nagkaroon ng isang pangalawang anak mula noong 2007.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Sa 2009 Russia nakita ang pinakamataas na rate ng kapanganakan dahil sa ang pagbagsak ng USSR .<a href="#cite_note-gks-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod">Mga pinakamalaking lungsod</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pinakamalaking lungsod" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pinakamalaking lungsod">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <table class="navbox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod_ng_Rusya" title="Padron:Mga pinakamalaking lungsod ng Rusya"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Mga pinakamalaking lungsod ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Mga_pinakamalaking_lungsod_ng_Rusya&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Pinakamalalaking mga lungsod o bayan sa <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Rosstat (2016<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>/2017)</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_sa_Rusya_ayon_sa_populasyon" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Rusya ayon sa populasyon">Ranggo</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_sa_Rusya" class="mw-redirect" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Rusya">Pangalan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Subdyek_Pederal_ng_Rusya" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdyek Pederal ng Rusya">Subdyek Pederal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_sa_Rusya_ayon_sa_populasyon" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Rusya ayon sa populasyon">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_sa_Rusya_ayon_sa_populasyon" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Rusya ayon sa populasyon">Ranggo</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_sa_Rusya" class="mw-redirect" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Rusya">Pangalan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Subdyek_Pederal_ng_Rusya" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdyek Pederal ng Rusya">Subdyek Pederal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_lungsod_sa_Rusya_ayon_sa_populasyon" title="Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Rusya ayon sa populasyon">Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Kremlin_27.06.2008_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moscow"><img alt="Moscow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kremlin_27.06.2008_01.jpg/120px-Kremlin_27.06.2008_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kremlin_27.06.2008_01.jpg/180px-Kremlin_27.06.2008_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kremlin_27.06.2008_01.jpg/240px-Kremlin_27.06.2008_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1254" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> <a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Column_of_Alexander_IpalacessqaureIMG_0732.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Petersburg"><img alt="Saint Petersburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Column_of_Alexander_IpalacessqaureIMG_0732.jpg/120px-Column_of_Alexander_IpalacessqaureIMG_0732.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Column_of_Alexander_IpalacessqaureIMG_0732.jpg/180px-Column_of_Alexander_IpalacessqaureIMG_0732.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Column_of_Alexander_IpalacessqaureIMG_0732.jpg/240px-Column_of_Alexander_IpalacessqaureIMG_0732.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3256" data-file-height="2033" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow,_Saint_Petersburg-82">[82]</a>12,381,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rostov-na-Donu" title="Rostov-na-Donu">Rostov-na-Donu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostov Oblast">Rostov Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,120,000 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Novosibirsk_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Novosibirsk"><img alt="Novosibirsk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Novosibirsk_view.jpg/120px-Novosibirsk_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Novosibirsk_view.jpg/180px-Novosibirsk_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Novosibirsk_view.jpg/240px-Novosibirsk_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="976" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> <a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Eburg_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yekaterinburg"><img alt="Yekaterinburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Eburg_at_night.jpg/120px-Eburg_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Eburg_at_night.jpg/180px-Eburg_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Eburg_at_night.jpg/240px-Eburg_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="427" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow,_Saint_Petersburg-82">[82]</a>5,282,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnoyarsk">Krasnoyarsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk Krai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>1,084,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Novosibirsk Oblast">Novosibirsk Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>1,603,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Perm" class="mw-redirect" title="Perm">Perm</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,042,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>1,456,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,032,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,267,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,016,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>1,232,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar Krai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>881,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>1,199,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saratov" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratov Oblast">Saratov Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">843,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Omsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Omsk">Omsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>1,178,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tolyatti" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolyatti">Tolyatti</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara Oblast">Samara Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-Samara-90">[90]</a>711,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara, Russia">Samara</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara Oblast">Samara Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-Samara-90">[90]</a>1,170,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Udmurtia" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a>646,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>1,126,000</td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk Oblast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">622,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wika">Wika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Wika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Wika">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/250px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/375px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg/500px-Russian_language_status_and_proficiency_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Mga bansa na kung saan ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso">Wikang Ruso</a> ay sinasalita.</figcaption></figure> Russia's 160 grupo ng etniko magsalita ng ilang 100 mga wika. Ayon sa 2002 census, 142,600,000 tao magsalita Ruso, na sinusundan ng <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tartaro" title="Wikang Tartaro">Tartaro</a> na may 5,300,000 at <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ukranyo" title="Wikang Ukranyo">Ukranyo</a> na may 1,800,000 mga nagsasalita.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Ruso ay ang tanging opisyal ng estado na wika, ngunit ang Saligang Batas ay nagbibigay sa mga indibidwal na republics ang karapatan upang gumawa ng kanilang mga katutubong wika ng mga co-opisyal na susunod sa Ruso.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Sa kabila ng kanyang malawak na pagpapakalat, ang wikang Ruso ay magkakatulad sa buong Russia. Ruso ay ang pinaka heograpiya kalat na kalat na wika ng Eurasia at ang pinaka-tinatanggap sinalita <a href="/wiki/Mga_wikang_Eslabo" title="Mga wikang Eslabo">Eslabo wika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Ito aari sa mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_wikang_Indo-Europeo" title="Mga wikang Indo-Europeo">Indo-Europeong wika pamilya</a> at ito ay isa sa mga buhay na mga miyembro ng Silangang Eslabo wika; ang iba sa pagiging <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Belarusiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikang Belarusiano">Belarusiano</a> at Ukrainian (at marahil Rusyn). Nakasulat na mga halimbawa ng Old East Eslabo (Old Russian) ay Bakit napunta doon mula sa 10 pataas na siglo.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Ang Russian Language Center sabi ng isang kapat ng's pang-agham panitikan sa mundo ay na-publish sa Russian.<a href="#cite_note-lomonosov-97">[97]</a> ay din ito apply bilang isang paraan ng coding at imbakan ng pandaigdig-60-70% kaalaman ng lahat ng impormasyon sa mundo ay na-publish sa Ingles at Russian wika.<a href="#cite_note-lomonosov-97">[97]</a> Russian ay isa sa anim na opisyal na wika ng UN .<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relihiyon">Relihiyon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Relihiyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Relihiyon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Kristiyanismo , Islam , Budhismo at Hudaismo ay Russia's tradisyunal na relihiyon, legal ang isang bahagi ng Russia's "makasaysayang pamana".<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Mga Pagtatantya ng mga mananampalataya malawak magpaiba-iba sa mga pinagkukunan, at ilang mga ulat ilagay ang bilang ng mga di-mananampalataya sa Rusya sa 16-48% ng populasyon.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Traced pabalik sa Christianization ng Kievan Rus ' sa 10 siglo, Russian pagsang-ayon sa kaugalian ay ang nangingibabaw na relihiyon sa bansa; humigit kumulang sa 100 milyong mamamayan isaalang-alang ang kanilang sarili Russian Ortodoksia Kristiyano.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> 95% ng mga rehistradong parokya Orthodox nabibilang sa Russian Orthodox Church habang mayroong isang bilang ng mas maliit na Orthodox na Simbahan .<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Subalit, ang karamihan ng Orthodox na mananampalataya hindi dumalo sa simbahan sa isang regular na batayan. Mas maliit Christian denominations tulad ng mga Katoliko, Armenian Gregorians , at iba't-ibang mga Protestante na umiiral. Pagtatantya ng bilang ng mga Muslim sa Russia range 7–9 sa 15-20000000.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Gayundin may mga 3-4000000 Muslim migrante mula sa post-Sobiyet estado .<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Karamihan sa mga Muslim ang nakatira sa ang Volga-Yural rehiyon , pati na rin sa Kukasus, Moscow, Saint Petersburg at Western Siberia.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Budhismo ay tradisyonal para sa tatlong rehiyon ng Russian Federation: Buryatia , Tuva , at Kalmykia . Ang ilang mga residente ng Siberya at Far Eastern rehiyon, tulad ng Yakutia at Chukotka , pagsasanay shamanist , panteista , at paganong ritwal, kasama ang mga pangunahing relihiyon. Pagtatalaga sa tungkulin sa relihiyon tumatagal ng lugar lalo na kasama etniko linya. Slavs ay lubha Orthodox Christian, Turko nagsasalita ay nakararami Muslim, at Mongolic bayan ay Buddhists.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edukasyon">Edukasyon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Edukasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Edukasyon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1118_(%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1118_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1118_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1118_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1118_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1118_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_1118_%28%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Isang paaralan sa Moscow. Ang tore ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscow State University (hindi pa naisusulat)">Moscow State University</a> ay makikita sa distansiya.</figcaption></figure> Russia ay may isang libreng edukasyon sistema garantisadong sa lahat ng mga mamamayan ng Saligang Batas,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> subalit ang isang entry sa mas mataas na edukasyon ay mataas na competitive.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Bilang resulta ng malaki diin sa agham at teknolohiya sa edukasyon, medikal Russian, matematika, agham, Aerospace at pananaliksik ay karaniwang ng isang mataas na order.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Since 1990 ang 11-taon ng pagsasanay paaralan ay nagpasimula. Edukasyon sa estado-owned sekundaryong paaralan ay libre; unang tersiyarya (university level) ang edukasyon ay libre sa reserbasyon: isang malaking share ng mga mag-aaral ay nakatala para sa full pay (maraming estado institusyon na nagsimula upang buksan pangkalakalan (commercial) na mga posisyon sa mga huling taon).<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Sa 2004 ng estado sa paggastos para sa edukasyon amounted sa 3.6% ng GDP, o 13% ng pinagtibay na badyet ng estado.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Ang Gobyerno allocates pondo upang bayaran ang mga bayad sa tuition sa loob ng isang matatag quota o bilang ng mga mag-aaral para sa bawat institusyon ng estado. Sa mga mas mataas na institusyon ng edukasyon, mga mag-aaral ay binabayaran ng isang maliit na sahod at ibinigay na may libreng pabahay.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomiya">Ekonomiya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ekonomiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ekonomiya ng Rusya</a></div> Russia ay may isang merkado ekonomiya na may malaking natural resources, partikular ng langis at natural gas. Ito ay may mga 12th pinakamalaking ekonomiya sa mundo sa pamamagitan ng nominal GDP at ang 7th pinakamalaking sa pamamagitan ng pagbili ng kapangyarihan pagkakapareho (PPP). Dahil ang turn ng ika-21 siglo, ang mas mataas na domestic consumption at mas higit na kapanatagan sa politika ay may bolstered ekonomiyang paglago sa Rusya. Ang bansa natapos 2008 sa kanyang ikasiyam na tuwid na taon ng paglago, averaging 7% taun-taon. Paglago ay lalo na hinimok ng di-traded mga serbisyo at mga kalakal para sa mga domestic market, bilang laban sa langis o mineral bunutan at Exports.<a href="#cite_note-cia-113">[113]</a> Ang average na suweldo sa Rusya ay $ 640 bawat buwan sa unang bahagi ng 2008, up mula sa $ 80 sa 2000.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Humigit-kumulang 13.7% ng mga Russians nanirahan sa ibaba ang pambansang kahirapan linya sa 2010,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> makabuluhang down mula sa 40% sa 1998 sa ang pinakamasama ng mga post-Sobiyet pagbagsak.<a href="#cite_note-worldbank-56">[56]</a> Unemployment sa Russia ay sa 6% sa 2007, down mula sa tungkol sa 12.4% sa 1999.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Ang gitnang uri ay lumago mula lamang 8,000,000 katao sa 2,000-55000000 mga tao sa 2006.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:GDP_of_Russia_since_1989.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/GDP_of_Russia_since_1989.svg/350px-GDP_of_Russia_since_1989.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/GDP_of_Russia_since_1989.svg/525px-GDP_of_Russia_since_1989.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/GDP_of_Russia_since_1989.svg/700px-GDP_of_Russia_since_1989.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Ang ekonomiya ng Rusya simula ng pagbasa ng Unyong Sobyet</figcaption></figure> Langis, natural gas, metal, at kahoy na account para sa higit sa 80% ng Russian Exports sa ibang bansa.<a href="#cite_note-cia-113">[113]</a> Dahil sa 2003, gayunpaman, Exports ng mga likas na yaman na nagsimula decreasing sa pang-ekonomiyang kahalagahan ng mga panloob na merkado pinalakas masyado. Sa kabila ng mas mataas na presyo ng enerhiya, langis at gas lamang ng kontribusyon sa 5.7% ng Russia's GDP at pamahalaan ang hinuhulaan na ito ay drop sa 3.7% sa pamamagitan ng 2011.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Oil export kita pinapayagan Russia upang madagdagan ang kanyang mga banyagang Taglay mula sa $ 12000000000 sa 1999 sa $ 597,300,000,000 sa 1 Agosto 2008, ang ikatlong pinakamalaking dayuhang exchange Taglay sa mundo.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Ang macroeconomic patakaran sa ilalim ng Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin ay mabait at tunog, na may labis na kita sa pagiging naka-imbak sa pagpapapanatag Fund ng Russia .<a href="#cite_note-euromoney-120">[120]</a> Sa 2006, Russia gantihin karamihan ng kanyang dating napakalaking mga utang,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Aalis ito sa isa sa mga pinakamababang foreign utang sa gitna ng mga pangunahing ekonomiya .<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Ang pagpapapanatag Fund nakatulong sa Russia upang lumabas mula sa pandaigdigang krisis sa pananalapi sa isang mas mahusay na marami estado kaysa sa maraming mga eksperto ay inaasahan.<a href="#cite_note-euromoney-120">[120]</a> Ang isang mas simple, mas streamlined buwis code pinagtibay sa 2001 nabawasan ang mga buwis pasan sa mga tao at higit nadagdagan estado ng kita.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Russia ay may isang patag na buwis sa rate ng 13 bahagdan. Ito ranks ito bilang ang mga bansa sa ikalawang pinaka kaakit-akit na mga personal na buwis sa sistema para sa solong mga manager sa mundo matapos ang United Arab Emirates .<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Ayon sa Bloomberg , Russia ay itinuturing din maagang ng karamihan sa iba pang mapagkukunan-mayaman na bansa sa kanyang ekonomiya, may isang mahabang tradisyon ng edukasyon, agham, at industriya.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Ang bansa ay may mas mataas na edukasyon graduates kaysa sa anumang iba pang mga bansa sa Europa.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Ang pagpapaunlad ng ekonomiya ng bansa ay hindi pantay heograpiya sa Moscow rehiyon ng kontribusyon sa isang tunay malaki ibahagi ang's GDP. bansa ng <a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Isa pang problema ay paggawa ng makabago ng infrastructure , pagtanda at hindi sapat na matapos ang taon ng pagiging pinababayaan sa 1990s; ang pamahalaan ay sinabi $ 1 trilyon ay invested sa pagpapaunlad ng imprastraktura sa pamamagitan ng 2020.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agrikultura">Agrikultura</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Agrikultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Agrikultura">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Wheat_Tomsk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wheat_Tomsk.jpg/220px-Wheat_Tomsk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wheat_Tomsk.jpg/330px-Wheat_Tomsk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wheat_Tomsk.jpg/440px-Wheat_Tomsk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Mga trigo sa <a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomsk Oblast">Tomsk Oblast</a>, Siberia</figcaption></figure> Ang sektor ng agrikultura ng Rusya ay nag-aambag ng humigit-kumulang 5% ng kabuuang GDP ng bansa, bagama't ang sektor ay gumagamit ng humigit-kumulang isang-ikawalo ng kabuuang lakas paggawa.<a href="#cite_note-agriculturebritannica-129">[129]</a> Mayroon itong pangatlong pinakamalaking nilinang na lugar sa mundo, sa 1,265,267 kilometro kuwadrado (488,522 sq mi). Gayunpaman, dahil sa kalupitan ng kapaligiran nito, humigit-kumulang 13.1% ng lupain nito ay pang-agrikultura,<a href="#cite_note-cia-113">[113]</a> at 7.4% lamang ng lupain nito ang maaaring taniman.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Ang lupang pang-agrikultura ng bansa ay itinuturing na bahagi ng "breadbasket" ng Europa.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Mahigit sa isang-katlo ng lugar na inihasik ay nakatuon sa mga pananim na kumpay, at ang natitirang lupang sakahan ay nakatuon sa mga pang-industriyang pananim, <a href="/wiki/Gulay" title="Gulay">gulay</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Prutas" class="mw-redirect" title="Prutas">prutas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-agriculturebritannica-129">[129]</a> Ang pangunahing produkto ng pagsasaka ng Russia ay palaging butil, na sumasakop ng higit sa kalahati ng cropland.<a href="#cite_note-agriculturebritannica-129">[129]</a> Ang Rusya ang pinakamalaking exporter ng trigo sa mundo,<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> ang pinakamalaking prodyuser ng barley at buckwheat, kabilang sa pinakamalaking eksporter ng <a href="/wiki/Mais" title="Mais">mais</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mantika (hindi pa naisusulat)">mantika</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflower</a>, at ang nangungunang prodyuser ng <a href="/wiki/Pataba" title="Pataba">pataba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Nakikita ng iba't ibang analyst ng pagbagay sa <a href="/wiki/Pagbabago_ng_klima" title="Pagbabago ng klima">pagbabago ng klima</a> ang malalaking pagkakataon para sa agrikultura ng Rusya sa natitirang bahagi ng ika-21 siglo habang tumataas ang arability sa <a href="/wiki/Siberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, na hahantong sa parehong panloob at panlabas na paglipat sa rehiyon.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Dahil sa malaking baybayin nito sa kahabaan ng tatlong karagatan at labindalawang marginal na dagat, pinapanatili ng Rusya ang ikaanim na pinakamalaking industriya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangingisda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangingisda (hindi pa naisusulat)">pangingisda</a> sa mundo; pagkuha ng halos 5 milyong tonelada ng isda noong 2018.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Ito ang tahanan ng pinakamagandang <a href="/wiki/Caviar" class="mw-redirect" title="Caviar">caviar</a> sa mundo, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beluga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beluga (hindi pa naisusulat)">beluga</a>; at gumagawa ng humigit-kumulang isang-katlo ng lahat ng de-latang isda, at ilang isang-kapat ng kabuuang sariwa at frozen na isda sa mundo.<a href="#cite_note-agriculturebritannica-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enerhiya">Enerhiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Enerhiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Enerhiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Noong 2021, ang Rusya ang ikatlong pinakamalaking prodyuser ng enerhiya sa mundo. Ang mga Rusong kompanya tulad ng Rosneft, Lukoil, Surgutneftegas, Gazprom, at Tatneft ay ang mayorya sa produksyon ng langis na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krudo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krudo (hindi pa naisusulat)">krudo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-137">[137]</a> Noong 2022, pagkatapos ng <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Ruso-Ukranyo" title="Digmaang Ruso-Ukranyo">pagsalakay sa Ukranya</a>, humarap ang bansa ng ekonomikong mga sanction mula sa Estados Unidos gayundin sa mga bansang kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union">European Union</a>, ang pinakamalaking merkado ng mga enerhiyang eksport ng Rusya.<a href="#cite_note-:0-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agham_at_Teknolohiya">Agham at Teknolohiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Agham at Teknolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Agham at Teknolohiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportasyon">Transportasyon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Transportasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Transportasyon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tradisyon_at_Pagluluto">Tradisyon at Pagluluto</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tradisyon at Pagluluto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Tradisyon at Pagluluto">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arkitektura">Arkitektura</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Arkitektura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Arkitektura">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musika_at_Sayaw">Musika at Sayaw</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Musika at Sayaw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Musika at Sayaw">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura_at_Pilosopiya">Literatura at Pilosopiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Literatura at Pilosopiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura at Pilosopiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelikula,_Animasyon_at_Medya">Pelikula, Animasyon at Medya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pelikula, Animasyon at Medya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Pelikula, Animasyon at Medya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palaasan">Palaasan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Palaasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Palaasan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pambansang_Holiday_at_Simboliko">Pambansang Holiday at Simboliko</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pambansang Holiday at Simboliko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Pambansang Holiday at Simboliko">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turismo">Turismo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Turismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit 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.reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWalsh,_NP2003" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, NP (19 Setyembre 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/sep/19/environment.russia">"It's Europe's lungs and home to many rare species. But to Russia it's £100bn of wood"</a>. London: Guardian (UK). Nakuha noong 26 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It%27s+Europe%27s+lungs+and+home+to+many+rare+species.+But+to+Russia+it%27s+%C2%A3100bn+of+wood&rft.date=2003-09-19&rft.au=Walsh%2C+NP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2003%2Fsep%2F19%2Fenvironment.russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFI.A._Merzliakova1997" class="citation web cs1">I.A. Merzliakova (1 Nobyembre 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160428185844/http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/russia/state/00440.htm">"List of animals of the Red Data Book of Russian Federation"</a>. Enrin.grida.no. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enrin.grida.no/biodiv/biodiv/national/russia/state/00440.htm">orihinal</a> noong 28 Abril 2016. Nakuha noong 27 Abril 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+animals+of+the+Red+Data+Book+of+Russian+Federation&rft.pub=Enrin.grida.no&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.au=I.A.+Merzliakova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenrin.grida.no%2Fbiodiv%2Fbiodiv%2Fnational%2Frussia%2Fstate%2F00440.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-congress-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-congress_3-0">3.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_3-1">3.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/24.htm">"Climate"</a>. Library Of Congress. Nakuha noong 26 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate&rft.pub=Library+Of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Frussia%2F24.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDrozdov,_V.A.1992" class="citation journal cs1">Drozdov, V.A.; atbp. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_geojournal_1992-06_27_2/page/169">"Ecological and Geographical Characteristics of the Coastal Zone of the Black Sea"</a>. GeoJournal. 27.2, pp. 169–178: Springer Netherlands. 27: 169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00717701">10.1007/BF00717701</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0343-2521">0343-2521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GeoJournal&rft.atitle=Ecological+and+Geographical+Characteristics+of+the+Coastal+Zone+of+the+Black+Sea&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=169&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00717701&rft.issn=0343-2521&rft.au=Drozdov%2C+V.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_geojournal_1992-06_27_2%2Fpage%2F169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#explicit_et_al" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_location" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Belinskij-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Belinskij_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belinskij_5-1">5.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBelinskij_A,_Härke,_H1999" class="citation journal cs1">Belinskij A, Härke, H (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080610043326/http://cat.he.net/~archaeol/9903/newsbriefs/ipatovo.html">"The 'Princess' of Ipatovo"</a>. Archeology. 52 (2). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.he.net/~archaeol/9903/newsbriefs/ipatovo.html">orihinal</a> noong 2008-06-10. Nakuha noong 26 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archeology&rft.atitle=The+%27Princess%27+of+Ipatovo&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Belinskij+A%2C+H%C3%A4rke%2C+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcat.he.net%2F~archaeol%2F9903%2Fnewsbriefs%2Fipatovo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_mga_may-akda" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDrews,_Robert2004" class="citation book cs1">Drews, Robert (2004). Early Riders: The beginnings of mounted warfare in Asia and Europe. New York: Routledge. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0415326249" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0415326249"><bdi>0415326249</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Riders%3A+The+beginnings+of+mounted+warfare+in+Asia+and+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0415326249&rft.au=Drews%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKoryakova,_L." class="citation web cs1">Koryakova, L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228104055/http://www.csen.org/koryakova2/Korya.Sin.Ark.html">"Sintashta-Arkaim Culture"</a>. The Center for the Study of the Eurasian Nomads (CSEN). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csen.org/koryakova2/Korya.Sin.Ark.html">orihinal</a> noong 28 Pebrero 2019. Nakuha noong 20 Hulyo 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sintashta-Arkaim+Culture&rft.pub=The+Center+for+the+Study+of+the+Eurasian+Nomads+%28CSEN%29&rft.au=Koryakova%2C+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csen.org%2Fkoryakova2%2FKorya.Sin.Ark.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/2517siberian.html">"1998 NOVA documentary: "Ice Mummies: Siberian Ice Maiden""</a>. Transcript. Nakuha noong 26 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transcript&rft.atitle=1998+NOVA+documentary%3A+%22Ice+Mummies%3A+Siberian+Ice+Maiden%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Ftranscripts%2F2517siberian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson,_E.1995" class="citation book cs1">Jacobson, E. (1995). The Art of the Scythians: The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World. Brill. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9004098569" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9004098569"><bdi>9004098569</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Scythians%3A+The+Interpenetration+of+Cultures+at+the+Edge+of+the+Hellenic+World&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9004098569&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFTsetskhladze,_G.R.1998" class="citation book cs1">Tsetskhladze, G.R. (1998). The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area: Historical Interpretation of Archaeology. F. Steiner. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/3515073027" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/3515073027"><bdi>3515073027</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Colonisation+of+the+Black+Sea+Area%3A+Historical+Interpretation+of+Archaeology&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=F.+Steiner&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=3515073027&rft.au=Tsetskhladze%2C+G.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFTurchin,_P.2003" class="citation book cs1">Turchin, P. (2003). Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall. Princeton University Press. pp. 185–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0691116695" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0691116695"><bdi>0691116695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dynamics%3A+Why+States+Rise+and+Fall&rft.pages=185-186&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0691116695&rft.au=Turchin%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFChristian,_D.1998" class="citation book cs1">Christian, D. (1998). A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 286–288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0631208143" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0631208143"><bdi>0631208143</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Russia%2C+Central+Asia+and+Mongolia&rft.pages=286-288&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0631208143&rft.au=Christian%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFFor_a_discussion_of_the_origins_of_Slavs,_see_Barford,_P.M.2001" class="citation book cs1">For a discussion of the origins of Slavs, see Barford, P.M. (2001). The Early Slavs. Cornell University Press. pp. 15–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0801439779" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0801439779"><bdi>0801439779</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Slavs&rft.pages=15-16&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0801439779&rft.au=For+a+discussion+of+the+origins+of+Slavs%2C+see+Barford%2C+P.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_mga_may-akda" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFChristian,_D.1998" class="citation book cs1">Christian, D. (1998). A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 6–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Russia%2C+Central+Asia+and+Mongolia&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Christian%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFObolensky,_D.1994" class="citation book cs1">Obolensky, D. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byzantiumslavs0000obol">Byzantium and the Slavs</a>. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byzantiumslavs0000obol/page/42">42</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/088141008X" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/088141008X"><bdi>088141008X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Slavs&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=St+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=088141008X&rft.au=Obolensky%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyzantiumslavs0000obol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFThompson,_J.W.;_Johnson,_E.N.1937" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J.W.; Johnson, E.N. (1937). An Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300–1500. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0415346991" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0415346991"><bdi>0415346991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Medieval+Europe%2C+300%E2%80%931500&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=1937&rft.isbn=0415346991&rft.au=Thompson%2C+J.W.%3B+Johnson%2C+E.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_mga_may-akda" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/t/pm/64851.htm">"Ukraine: Security Assistance"</a>. U.S. Department of State. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+Security+Assistance&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Ft%2Fpm%2F64851.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKlyuchevsky,_V.1987" class="citation book cs1">Klyuchevsky, V. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kulichki.com/inkwell/text/special/history/kluch/kluch16.htm">The course of the Russian history</a>. Bol. 1. Myslʹ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5244000721" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5244000721"><bdi>5244000721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+course+of+the+Russian+history&rft.pub=Mysl%CA%B9&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=5244000721&rft.au=Klyuchevsky%2C+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kulichki.com%2Finkwell%2Ftext%2Fspecial%2Fhistory%2Fkluch%2Fkluch16.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHamm,_M.F.1995" class="citation book cs1">Hamm, M.F. (1995). Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0691025851" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0691025851"><bdi>0691025851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kiev%3A+A+Portrait%2C+1800%E2%80%931917&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0691025851&rft.au=Hamm%2C+M.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/6473/20160819150506/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/RussianHeritage/4.PEAS/4.L/12.III.5.html">"The Destruction of Kiev"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/RussianHeritage/4.PEAS/4.L/12.III.5.html">orihinal</a> noong 2016-08-19. Nakuha noong 2010-11-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Destruction+of+Kiev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%2Fcitd%2FRussianHeritage%2F4.PEAS%2F4.L%2F12.III.5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201064748/http://www.parallelsixty.com/history-russia.shtml">"History of Russia from Early Slavs history and Kievan Rus to Romanovs dynasty"</a>. Parallelsixty.com. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parallelsixty.com/history-russia.shtml">orihinal</a> noong 2018-02-01. Nakuha noong 27 Abril 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Russia+from+Early+Slavs+history+and+Kievan+Rus+to+Romanovs+dynasty&rft.pub=Parallelsixty.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parallelsixty.com%2Fhistory-russia.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFРыбаков,_Б._А.1948" class="citation book cs1">Рыбаков, Б. А. (1948). Ремесло Древней Руси. pp. 525–533, 780–781.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.pages=525-533%2C+780-781&rft.date=1948&rft.au=%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%91.+%D0%90.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-banya-23"><a href="#cite_ref-banya_23-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sauna-banya.ru/ist.html">The history of banya and sauna</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120530043947/http://sauna-banya.ru/ist.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2012-05-30 at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.is (hindi pa naisusulat)">Archive.is</a> (sa Ruso) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yw3HmjRvVQMC&pg=PA62">Black Death</a>". Joseph Patrick Byrne (2004). p.62. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0313324921" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-313-32492-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMay,_T." class="citation web cs1">May, T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607055652/http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/states3.html">"Khanate of the Golden Horde"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/states3.html">orihinal</a> noong 2008-06-07. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khanate+of+the+Golden+Horde&rft.au=May%2C+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accd.edu%2Fsac%2Fhistory%2Fkeller%2FMongols%2Fstates3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Frank D. McConnell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=rqhZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22ivan+the+awesome%22&dq=%22ivan+the+awesome%22&ei=rTBsSMvZLoS8jgGi4ZgU&pgis=1">Storytelling and Mythmaking: Images from Film and Literature.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Oxford University Press</a>, 1979. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0195025725" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-502572-5</a>; Quote from page 78: "But Ivan IV, Ivan the Terrible, or as the Russian has it, Ivan Groznyi, "Ivan the Magnificent" or "Ivan the Awesome," is precisely a man who has become a legend" </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSolovyov,_S.2001" class="citation book cs1">Solovyov, S. (2001). History of Russia from the Earliest Times. Bol. 6. AST. pp. 562–604. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5170021429" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5170021429"><bdi>5170021429</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Russia+from+the+Earliest+Times&rft.pages=562-604&rft.pub=AST&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5170021429&rft.au=Solovyov%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSkrynnikov,_R.1981" class="citation book cs1">Skrynnikov, R. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ivanterrible0000skry">Ivan the Terrible</a>. Academic Intl Pr. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ivanterrible0000skry/page/219">219</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0875690394" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0875690394"><bdi>0875690394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ivan+the+Terrible&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Academic+Intl+Pr&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0875690394&rft.au=Skrynnikov%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fivanterrible0000skry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSolovyov,_S.2001" class="citation book cs1">Solovyov, S. (2001). History of Russia from the Earliest Times. Bol. 6. AST. pp. 751–908. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5170021429" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5170021429"><bdi>5170021429</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Russia+from+the+Earliest+Times&rft.pages=751-908&rft.pub=AST&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5170021429&rft.au=Solovyov%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.hit-u.ac.jp/~areastd/mediterranean/mw/pdf/18/10.pdf">The Crimean Tatars and their Russian-Captive Slaves</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portable_Document_Format&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portable Document Format (hindi pa naisusulat)">PDF</a> (355 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kibibyte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kibibyte (hindi pa naisusulat)">KiB</a>). Eizo Matsuki, Mediterranean Studies Group at Hitotsubashi University. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSolovyov,_S.2001" class="citation book cs1">Solovyov, S. (2001). History of Russia from the Earliest Times. Bol. 6. AST. pp. 751–809. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5170021429" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5170021429"><bdi>5170021429</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Russia+from+the+Earliest+Times&rft.pages=751-809&rft.pub=AST&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5170021429&rft.au=Solovyov%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBorisenkov_E,_Pasetski_V." class="citation book cs1">Borisenkov E, Pasetski V. The thousand-year annals of the extreme meteorological phenomena. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5244002120" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5244002120"><bdi>5244002120</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+thousand-year+annals+of+the+extreme+meteorological+phenomena&rft.pages=190&rft.isbn=5244002120&rft.au=Borisenkov+E%2C+Pasetski+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSolovyov,_S.2001" class="citation book cs1">Solovyov, S. (2001). History of Russia from the Earliest Times. Bol. 7. AST. pp. 461–568. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5170021429" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5170021429"><bdi>5170021429</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Russia+from+the+Earliest+Times&rft.pages=461-568&rft.pub=AST&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5170021429&rft.au=Solovyov%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSolovyov,_S.2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Solovyov, S. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militera.lib.ru/common/solovyev1/09_01.html">History of Russia from the Earliest Times</a>. Bol. 9, ch.1. AST. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5170021429" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5170021429"><bdi>5170021429</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Russia+from+the+Earliest+Times&rft.pub=AST&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5170021429&rft.au=Solovyov%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitera.lib.ru%2Fcommon%2Fsolovyev1%2F09_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSolovyov,_S.2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Solovyov, S. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militera.lib.ru/common/solovyev1/15_01.html">History of Russia from the Earliest Times</a>. Bol. 15, ch.1. AST.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Russia+from+the+Earliest+Times&rft.pub=AST&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Solovyov%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitera.lib.ru%2Fcommon%2Fsolovyev1%2F15_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/5.htm">"Ruling the Empire"</a>. Library of Congress. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruling+the+Empire&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Frussia%2F5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=uUsLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA3">Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</a>. James E. Hassell (1991). p.3. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/087169817X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87169-817-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5RFHJY">Famine in Russia: the hidden horrors of 1921</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100719100632/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5RFHJY">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-07-19 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., International Committee of the Red Cross </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> Abbott Gleason (2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JyN0hlKcfTcC&pg=PA373&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">A Companion to Russian History</a>". Wiley-Blackwell. p.373. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1405135603" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4051-3560-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> Getty, Rittersporn, Zemskov. Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence. The American Historical Review, Vol. 98, No. 4 (Oct., 1993). </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> Getty, Rittersporn, Zemskov. Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence. The American Historical Review, Vol. 98, No. 4 (Oct., 1993), pp. 1017-1049 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> R.W. Davies, S.G. Wheatcroft (2004). The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–33. pp. 401 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/648813/World-War-II">"World War II"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Nakuha noong 9 Marso 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+War+II&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F648813%2FWorld-War-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/648813/World-War-II">"The Allies' first decisive successes: Stalingrad and the German retreat, summer 1942–Pebrero 1943"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Nakuha noong 12 Marso 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Allies%27+first+decisive+successes%3A+Stalingrad+and+the+German+retreat%2C+summer+1942%E2%80%93Pebrero+1943&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F648813%2FWorld-War-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521863260">The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941–1995</a>. Cambridge University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFErlikman,_V.2004" class="citation book cs1">Erlikman, V. (2004). Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moskva: Russkai︠a︡ panorama. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/5931651071" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/5931651071"><bdi>5931651071</bdi></a>. Note: Estimates for Soviet World War II casualties vary between sources.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poteri+narodonaseleniia+v+XX+veke+%3A+spravochnik&rft.place=Moskva&rft.pub=Russkai%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1+panorama&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=5931651071&rft.au=Erlikman%2C+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/12.htm">"Reconstruction and Cold War"</a>. Library of Congress. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reconstruction+and+Cold+War&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Frussia%2F12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+su0391%29">Foreign trade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309155830/http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+su0391%29">Naka-arkibo</a> 2017-03-09 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. from A Country Study: Soviet Union (Former). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress Country Studies (hindi pa naisusulat)">Library of Congress Country Studies</a> project. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090626002132/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916205-2,00.html">"Great Escapes from the Gulag"</a>. TIME. 5 Hunyo 1978. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916205-2,00.html">orihinal</a> noong 26 Hunyo 2009. Nakuha noong 1 Agosto 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Great+Escapes+from+the+Gulag&rft.date=1978-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C916205-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427053700/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt">"1990 CIA World Factbook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt">orihinal</a> noong 27 Abril 2011. Nakuha noong 9 Marso 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990+CIA+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umsl.edu%2Fservices%2Fgovdocs%2Fwofact90%2Fworld12.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.photius.com/countries/russia/economy/russia_economy_unforeseen_results_o~1315.html">"Russia Unforeseen Results of Reform"</a>. The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook. Nakuha noong 10 Marso 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+Unforeseen+Results+of+Reform&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies%3B+CIA+World+Factbook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.photius.com%2Fcountries%2Frussia%2Feconomy%2Frussia_economy_unforeseen_results_o~1315.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD-52">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_52-0">52.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_52-1">52.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OECD_52-2">52.2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/50/2452793.pdf">"Russian Federation"</a> (PDF). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Nakuha noong 24 Pebrero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Federation&rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development+%28OECD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F7%2F50%2F2452793.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSciolino,_E.1993" class="citation news cs1">Sciolino, E. (21 Disyembre 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED91F39F932A15751C1A965958260">"U.S. is abandoning 'shock therapy' for the Russians"</a>. The New York Times. Nakuha noong 20 Enero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+is+abandoning+%27shock+therapy%27+for+the+Russians&rft.date=1993-12-21&rft.au=Sciolino%2C+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F0CEED91F39F932A15751C1A965958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%20%28DOCID+ru0119%29">"Russia: Economic Conditions in Mid-1996"</a>. Library of Congress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+Economic+Conditions+in+Mid-1996&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%2520%2528DOCID%2Bru0119%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_48/b3657252.htm">"Russia: Clawing Its Way Back to Life (int'l edition)"</a>. BusinessWeek. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Russia%3A+Clawing+Its+Way+Back+to+Life+%28int%27l+edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2F1999%2F99_48%2Fb3657252.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-worldbank-56">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-worldbank_56-0">56.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldbank_56-1">56.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBranko_Milanovic1998" class="citation book cs1">Branko Milanovic (1998). 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BusinessWeek Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek+Journal&rft.atitle=What%27s+Behind+Russia%27s+Crime+Wave%3F&rft.date=2006-10-19&rft.au=Jason+Bush&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fglobalbiz%2Fcontent%2Foct2006%2Fgb20061019_110749_page_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/22-08-2006/84038-paris-club-0">"Russia pays off USSR's entire debt, sets to become crediting country"</a>. Pravda.ru. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+pays+off+USSR%E2%80%99s+entire+debt%2C+sets+to+become+crediting+country&rft.pub=Pravda.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Frussia%2Feconomics%2F22-08-2006%2F84038-paris-club-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFAslund_A" class="citation web cs1">Aslund A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030126/http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/aslund0108.pdf">"Russia's Capitalist Revolution"</a> (PDF). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/aslund0108.pdf">orihinal</a> (PDF) noong 4 Marso 2016. Nakuha noong 28 Marso 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Capitalist+Revolution&rft.au=Aslund+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iie.com%2Fpublications%2Fpapers%2Faslund0108.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFTreisman,_D" class="citation web cs1">Treisman, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041111074502/http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294">"Is Russia's Experiment with Democracy Over?"</a>. UCLA International Institute. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294">orihinal</a> noong 11 Nobiyembre 2004. Nakuha noong 31 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Russia%27s+Experiment+with+Democracy+Over%3F&rft.pub=UCLA+International+Institute&rft.au=Treisman%2C+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international.ucla.edu%2Farticle.asp%3Fparentid%3D16294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFStone,_N2007" class="citation news cs1">Stone, N (4 Disyembre 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525073652/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article2994651.ece">"No wonder they like Putin"</a>. The Times. London. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article2994651.ece">orihinal</a> noong 25 Mayo 2010. Nakuha noong 31 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=No+wonder+they+like+Putin&rft.date=2007-12-04&rft.au=Stone%2C+N&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fcomment%2Fcolumnists%2Fguest_contributors%2Farticle2994651.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233704/http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=87">"Russian Census of 2002"</a>. 4.1. National composition of population. Federal State Statistics Service. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=87">orihinal</a> noong 2011-07-19. Nakuha noong 2008-01-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=4.1.+National+composition+of+population&rft.atitle=Russian+Census+of+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Findex.html%3Fid%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnicgroups-63"><a href="#cite_ref-ethnicgroups_63-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php">Ethnic groups in Russia</a>, 2002 census, Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 5 Pebrero 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303135317/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2007/b07_12/05-01.htm">"Resident population"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosstat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosstat (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rosstat</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2007/b07_12/05-01.htm">orihinal</a> noong 3 Marso 2012. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resident+population&rft.pub=Rosstat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2F2007%2Fb07_12%2F05-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/29.htm">"Demographics"</a>. Library of Congress. Nakuha noong 16 Enero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demographics&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Frussia%2F29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-gks-66">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-0">66.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-1">66.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-2">66.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-3">66.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-4">66.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-5">66.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-6">66.6</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-7">66.7</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gks_66-8">66.8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2010/demo/dem-sit-09.doc">Modern demographics of Russia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101217150324/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2010/demo/dem-sit-09.doc">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-12-17 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosstat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosstat (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rosstat</a>. Retrieved on 5 Oktubre 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/15/news/migrate.php">"Russia cracking down on illegal migrants"</a>. International Herald Tribune. 15 Enero 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915210918/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/15/news/migrate.php">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2008-09-15. Nakuha noong 2010-11-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Russia+cracking+down+on+illegal+migrants&rft.date=2007-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F01%2F15%2Fnews%2Fmigrate.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article728982.ece">Putin tries to lure millions of Russian expats home</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100525073623/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article728982.ece">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-05-25 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Times Online. 9 Pebrero 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=YLeAxHLmgR8C&pg=PA15">Migrant resettlement in the Russian federation: reconstructing 'homes' and 'homelands'</a> by Moya Flynn (1994). p.15. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1843311178" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84331-117-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm">"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. Article 41. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Article+41&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.ru%2Fen%2F10003000-03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsru.com/russia/06jun2007/lukin.html">"Russian ombudsman about propiska restrictions in modern Russia"</a>. Nakuha noong 23 Hulyo 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+ombudsman+about+propiska+restrictions+in+modern+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsru.com%2Frussia%2F06jun2007%2Flukin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justlanded.com/english/Russia/Articles/Health/Healthcare-in-Russia">"Healthcare in Russia — Don't Play Russian Roulette"</a>. justlanded.com. Nakuha noong 03 Oktubre 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Healthcare+in+Russia+%E2%80%94+Don%E2%80%99t+Play+Russian+Roulette&rft.pub=justlanded.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justlanded.com%2Fenglish%2FRussia%2FArticles%2FHealth%2FHealthcare-in-Russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard,_W_R2002" class="citation news cs1">Leonard, W R (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604101202/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_200204/ai_n9037764">"Declining growth status of indigenous Siberian children in post-Soviet Russia"</a>. Human Biology. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_200204/ai_n9037764">orihinal</a> noong 4 Hunyo 2013. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Declining+growth+status+of+indigenous+Siberian+children+in+post-Soviet+Russia&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Leonard%2C+W+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_qa3659%2Fis_200204%2Fai_n9037764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/demo26.xls">Russian life expectancy figures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321150842/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/demo26.xls">Naka-arkibo</a> 2015-03-21 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosstat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosstat (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rosstat</a>. Retrieved on 21 Agosto 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFThe_World_Factbook" class="citation web cs1">The World Factbook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6F0FiNNzQ?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html">"Rank Order—Birth rate"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html">orihinal</a> noong 10 Marso 2013. Nakuha noong 25 Abril 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rank+Order%E2%80%94Birth+rate&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.au=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2054rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFThe_World_Factbook" class="citation web cs1">The World Factbook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228071330/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2066rank.html">"Rank Order—Death rate"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2066rank.html">orihinal</a> noong 28 Pebrero 2018. Nakuha noong 25 Abril 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rank+Order%E2%80%94Death+rate&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.au=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2066rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080208160909/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080123/97616414.html">"Russia's birth, mortality rates to equal by 2011–ministry"</a>. RIA Novosti. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080123/97616414.html">orihinal</a> noong 8 Pebrero 2008. Nakuha noong 10 Pebrero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+birth%2C+mortality+rates+to+equal+by+2011%E2%80%93ministry&rft.pub=RIA+Novosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rian.ru%2Frussia%2F20080123%2F97616414.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Russia.pdf">"Country Profile: Russia"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress (hindi pa naisusulat)">Library of Congress</a>—Federal Research Division. 2006. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Russia&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%E2%80%94Federal+Research+Division&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FRussia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ias/ias05.php?tim=0&cou=26&terr=1&ind=26&Submit=OK">Russian birth rates 1950-2008</a> Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved October, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSurinovBaranovBugakovaGelvanovsky2016" class="citation report cs1">Surinov, A.; atbp., mga pat. (2016). "5. Population: Cities with population size of 1 million persons and over". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/rusfig/rus16e.pdf">Russia in Figures</a> (PDF) (Ulat). Moscow: Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-5-89476-420-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-5-89476-420-7"><bdi>978-5-89476-420-7</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 12 Hunyo 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Russia+in+Figures&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service+%28Rosstat%29&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-5-89476-420-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2016%2Frusfig%2Frus16e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_report" title="Padron:Cite report">cite report</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFОксенойт2016" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Оксенойт, Г. К. (2016). "31. Численность населения городов и поселков городского типа по федеральным округам и субъектам Российской Федерации". Sa Рахманинов, М. В. (pat.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2016/bul_dr/mun_obr2016.rar">Численность населения Российской Федерации: По муниципальным образованиям</a> (Ulat) (sa wikang Ruso). Москва: Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Росстат). Nakuha noong 12 Hunyo 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82&rft.aufirst=%D0%93.+%D0%9A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2016%2Fbul_dr%2Fmun_obr2016.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_report" title="Padron:Cite report">cite report</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Moscow,_Saint_Petersburg-82">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Moscow,_Saint_Petersburg_82-0">82.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moscow,_Saint_Petersburg_82-1">82.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/Popul2017.xls">"Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год"</a>. gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203162719/http://web.krasstat.gks.ru/offstat/02/3/1.8.xls">"Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год по городским округам и муниципальным районам Красноярского края"</a>. krasstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://novosibstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/novosibstat/resources/95583c8047d3eecb9007b4ed3bc4492f/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2017+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B7%D0%B0+2016+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4.pdf">"Численность населения по муниципальным районам и городским округам Новосибирской области на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год"</a>. novosibstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sverdl.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/sverdl/resources/e4c519004583f25b940fdde7d6b68498/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80.+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB_2016.xlsx">"Предварительная оценка численности населения на 1 января 2017 года и в среднем за 2016 год"</a>. sverdl.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tatstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/tatstat/resources/86490b80406de8baa7f9ef4d45abe5e4/%D0%9C%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB2017.pdf">"Численность населения муниципальных образований Республики Татарстан на начало 2017 года"</a>. tatstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://krsdstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/krsdstat/resources/ce0b4e004079d32983daeb4d45abe5e4/%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_01.01.2017.htm">"Оценка численности населения на 1 января 2017 года по муниципальным образованиям Краснодарского края"</a>. krsdstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chelstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/chelstat/resources/52702d0040667078ba58fb4d45abe5e4/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_2017.doc">"Численность постоянного населения Челябинской области в разрезе городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений на 1 января 2017 года"</a>. chelstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst52/DBInet.cgi">"База данных показателей муниципальных образований Омской области (Население)"</a>. gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-Samara-90">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Samara_90-0">90.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samara_90-1">90.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samarastat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/samarastat/resources/79e57c804fda20259856bda19f9463e4/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+01.01.2017%D0%B3.+%D0%B7%D0%B0+2016%D0%B3..xls">"Утвержденная численность постоянного населения Самарской области (на 1. 1. 2017. г. и среднегодовая за 2016. г.)"</a>. samarastat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://udmstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/udmstat/resources/f82b47004064698da5b9ef4d45abe5e4/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%9C%D0%9E_2017.pdf">"Численность постоянного населения Удмуртской Республики /Утверждено Росстатом (письмо от 3. 3. 2017. г., № 08-08-4/891-ТО)/"</a>. udmstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bashstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/bashstat/resources/147f550040a71d1998ed9da3e1dde74c/%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2017+%D0%B3.pdf">"Оценка численности постоянного населения Республики Башкортостан на 1 января 2017 года по муниципальным образованиям"</a>. gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233704/http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=87">"Russian Census of 2002"</a>. 4.3. Population by nationalities and knowledge of Russian; 4.4. Spreading of knowledge of languages (except Russian). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosstat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosstat (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rosstat</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=87">orihinal</a> noong 19 Hulyo 2011. Nakuha noong 16 Enero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=4.3.+Population+by+nationalities+and+knowledge+of+Russian%3B+4.4.+Spreading+of+knowledge+of+languages+%28except+Russian%29&rft.atitle=Russian+Census+of+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Findex.html%3Fid%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm">"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. (Article 68, §2). Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%28Article+68%2C+%C2%A72%29&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.ru%2Fen%2F10003000-04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106002617/http://learn.utoronto.ca/Page625.aspx">"Russian"</a>. University of Toronto. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://learn.utoronto.ca/Page625.aspx">orihinal</a> noong 2007-01-06. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flearn.utoronto.ca%2FPage625.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreigntranslations.com/page-content.cfm/page/russian-language">Russian Language History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029193202/http://foreigntranslations.com/page-content.cfm/page/russian-language">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-10-29 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. foreigntranslations.com </li> <li id="cite_note-lomonosov-97">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-lomonosov_97-0">97.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lomonosov_97-1">97.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205074901/http://rlcentre.com/russian-language-course.shtml">"Russian language course"</a>. Russian Language Centre, Moscow State University. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rlcentre.com/russian-language-course.shtml">orihinal</a> noong 2016-02-05. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+language+course&rft.pub=Russian+Language+Centre%2C+Moscow+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rlcentre.com%2Frussian-language-course.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPoser2004" class="citation web cs1">Poser, Bill (2004-05-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/000854.html">"The languages of the UN"</a>. Itre.cis.upenn.edu. Nakuha noong 2010-10-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+languages+of+the+UN&rft.pub=Itre.cis.upenn.edu&rft.date=2004-05-05&rft.aulast=Poser&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitre.cis.upenn.edu%2F~myl%2Flanguagelog%2Farchives%2F000854.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBell,_I2002" class="citation book cs1">Bell, I (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=EPP3ti4hysUC&pg=PA47">Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9781857431377" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9781857431377"><bdi>9781857431377</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%2C+Russia+and+Central+Asia&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781857431377&rft.au=Bell%2C+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DEPP3ti4hysUC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFZuckerman,_P2005" class="citation book cs1">Zuckerman, P (2005). Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns, chapter in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism%3A+Contemporary+Rates+and+Patterns%2C+chapter+in+The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Atheism%2C+ed.+by+Michael+Martin&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Zuckerman%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90196.htm">"Russia"</a>. Nakuha noong 8 Abril 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2007%2F90196.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325002546/http://www.religare.ru/article36302.htm">"(sa Ruso)[[Category:Mga artikulo na may wikang Ruso na pinagmulan (ru)]] Сведения о религиозных организациях, зарегистрированных в Российской Федерации По данным Федеральной регистрационной службы"</a>. Disyembre 2006. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religare.ru/article36302.htm">orihinal</a> noong 25 Marso 2009. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22languageicon%22%3E%28sa+Ruso%29%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AMga+artikulo+na+may+wikang+Ruso+na+pinagmulan+%28ru%29+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85%2C+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%8B&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religare.ru%2Farticle36302.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: URL–wikilink conflict (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#wikilink_in_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2869">"20Mln Muslims in Russia and mass conversion of ethnic Russians are myths—expert"</a>. Interfax. Nakuha noong 1 Abril 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20Mln+Muslims+in+Russia+and+mass+conversion+of+ethnic+Russians+are+myths%E2%80%94expert&rft.pub=Interfax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax-religion.com%2F%3Fact%3Dnews%26div%3D2869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121232919/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f3fba2c-474f-11da-b8e5-00000e2511c8.html">"Russia's Islamic rebirth adds tension"</a>. Financial Times. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f3fba2c-474f-11da-b8e5-00000e2511c8.html">orihinal</a> noong 21 Nobiyembre 2007. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Islamic+rebirth+adds+tension&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F3f3fba2c-474f-11da-b8e5-00000e2511c8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMainville,_M2006" class="citation news cs1">Mainville, M (19 Nobyembre 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513173431/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F11%2F19%2FMNGJGMFUVG1.DTL">"Russia has a Muslim dilemma"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/11/19/MNGJGMFUVG1.DTL">orihinal</a> noong 13 Mayo 2012. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Russia+has+a+Muslim+dilemma&rft.date=2006-11-19&rft.au=Mainville%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F11%2F19%2FMNGJGMFUVG1.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513251/Russia">"Russia::Religion"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2007. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%3A%3AReligion&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F513251%2FRussia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm">"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"</a>. (Article 43 §1). Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%28Article+43+%C2%A71%29&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.ru%2Fen%2F10003000-03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSmolentseva,_A" class="citation web cs1">Smolentseva, A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123162906/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/newsletter/News19/text13.html">"Bridging the Gap Between Higher and Secondary Education in Russia"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/newsletter/News19/text13.html">orihinal</a> noong 2007-11-23. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bridging+the+Gap+Between+Higher+and+Secondary+Education+in+Russia&rft.au=Smolentseva%2C+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bc.edu%2Fbc_org%2Favp%2Fsoe%2Fcihe%2Fnewsletter%2FNews19%2Ftext13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3183.htm">"Background Note: Russia"</a>. U.S. Department of State. Nakuha noong 2 Enero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Russia&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F3183.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2007/b07_12/08-10.htm">"Higher Education Institutions"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosstat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosstat (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rosstat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080229005920/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2007/b07_12/08-10.htm">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2008-02-29. Nakuha noong 1 Enero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Higher+Education+Institutions&rft.pub=Rosstat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2F2007%2Fb07_12%2F08-10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001547/154743e.pdf">"Education for All by 2015: will we make it? EFA global monitoring report, 2008"</a> (PDF). Nakuha noong 27 Abril 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Education+for+All+by+2015%3A+will+we+make+it%3F+EFA+global+monitoring+report%2C+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0015%2F001547%2F154743e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hse.ru/lingua/en/rus-ed.html">"Higher education structure"</a>. State University Higher School of Economics. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Higher+education+structure&rft.pub=State+University+Higher+School+of+Economics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hse.ru%2Flingua%2Fen%2Frus-ed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-113">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-cia_113-0">113.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_113-1">113.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_113-2">113.2</a> Maling banggit (Hindi tamang <code><ref></code> tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalang <code>cia</code>); $2</li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24443419/">"Russians weigh an enigma with Putin's protégé"</a>. MSNBC. Nakuha noong 9 Mayo 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russians+weigh+an+enigma+with+Putin%E2%80%99s+prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9&rft.pub=MSNBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F24443419%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/russia-is-getting-wealthier/420731.html">"Russia Is Getting Wealthier"</a>. The Moscow Times. 2010-10-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+Is+Getting+Wealthier&rft.pub=The+Moscow+Times&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Farticle%2Frussia-is-getting-wealthier%2F420731.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726213945/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080208/98724898.html">"Russia's unemployment rate down 10% in 2007 – report"</a>. RIA Novosti. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080208/98724898.html">orihinal</a> noong 26 Hulyo 2013. Nakuha noong 9 Mayo 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+unemployment+rate+down+10%25+in+2007+%E2%80%93+report&rft.pub=RIA+Novosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rian.ru%2Frussia%2F20080208%2F98724898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/dec2006/gb20061207_520461.htm">"Russia: How Long Can The Fun Last?"</a>. BusinessWeek. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Russia%3A+How+Long+Can+The+Fun+Last%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fglobalbiz%2Fcontent%2Fdec2006%2Fgb20061207_520461.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080104012742/http://en.rian.ru/business/20070921/80301609.html">"Russia fixed asset investment to reach $370 bln by 2010–Kudrin"</a>. RIA Novosti. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/business/20070921/80301609.html">orihinal</a> noong 4 Enero 2008. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+fixed+asset+investment+to+reach+%24370+bln+by+2010%E2%80%93Kudrin&rft.pub=RIA+Novosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rian.ru%2Fbusiness%2F20070921%2F80301609.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbr.ru/Eng/statistics/credit_statistics/print.asp?file=inter_res_08_e.htm">"International Reserves of the Russian Federation in 2008"</a>. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Nakuha noong 30 Hulyo 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Reserves+of+the+Russian+Federation+in+2008&rft.pub=The+Central+Bank+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.ru%2FEng%2Fstatistics%2Fcredit_statistics%2Fprint.asp%3Ffile%3Dinter_res_08_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-euromoney-120">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-euromoney_120-0">120.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-euromoney_120-1">120.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428160206/http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2683869/Kudrin-and-Fischer-honoured-by-Euromoney-at-IMFWorld.html">"Kudrin and Fischer honoured by Euromoney and IMF/World Bank meetings in Washington"</a>. Euromoney. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2683869/Kudrin-and-Fischer-honoured-by-Euromoney-at-IMFWorld.html">orihinal</a> noong 2011-04-28. Nakuha noong 2010-11-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kudrin+and+Fischer+honoured+by+Euromoney+and+IMF%2FWorld+Bank+meetings+in+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euromoney.com%2FArticle%2F2683869%2FKudrin-and-Fischer-honoured-by-Euromoney-at-IMFWorld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/65T8o7rP6?url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20061031/55272320.html">"Russia's foreign debt down 31.3% in Q3—finance ministry"</a>. RIA Novosti. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/russia/20061031/55272320.html">orihinal</a> noong 15 Pebrero 2012. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+foreign+debt+down+31.3%25+in+Q3%E2%80%94finance+ministry&rft.pub=RIA+Novosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rian.ru%2Frussia%2F20061031%2F55272320.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html">Debt - external</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2019-03-17 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/w/index.php?title=CIA_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIA World Factbook (hindi pa naisusulat)">CIA World Factbook</a>. Accessed on 22 Mayo 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFTavernise,_S2002" class="citation news cs1">Tavernise, S (23 Marso 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E0DC163BF930A15750C0A9649C8B63">"Russia Imposes Flat Tax on Income, and Its Coffers Swell"</a>. The New York Times. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Imposes+Flat+Tax+on+Income%2C+and+Its+Coffers+Swell&rft.date=2002-03-23&rft.au=Tavernise%2C+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E01E0DC163BF930A15750C0A9649C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427032348/http://www.mercer.com.au/pressrelease/details.htm?idContent=1287670">"Global personal taxation comparison survey–market rankings"</a>. Mercer (consulting firms). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercer.com.au/pressrelease/details.htm?idContent=1287670">orihinal</a> noong 2011-04-27. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+personal+taxation+comparison+survey%E2%80%93market+rankings&rft.pub=Mercer+%28consulting+firms%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercer.com.au%2Fpressrelease%2Fdetails.htm%3FidContent%3D1287670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/dec2006/gb20061207_520461_page_2.htm">"Russia: How Long Can The Fun Last?"</a>. BusinessWeek. Nakuha noong 27 Disyembre 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Russia%3A+How+Long+Can+The+Fun+Last%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fglobalbiz%2Fcontent%2Fdec2006%2Fgb20061207_520461_page_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aneki.com/students.html">"aneki rankings and records"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, UniCredit New Europe Research Network. Nakuha noong 03 Oktubre 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=aneki+rankings+and+records&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics%2C+UniCredit+New+Europe+Research+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aneki.com%2Fstudents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b01_19/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d000/vrp98-07.htm">GRP by federal subjects of Russia, 1998-2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805105125/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b01_19/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d000/vrp98-07.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2017-08-05 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (sa Ruso) </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428135337/http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070920/80058850.html">"Russia to invest $1 trillion in infrastructure by 2020 – ministry"</a>. RIA Novosti. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070920/80058850.html">orihinal</a> noong 28 Abril 2011. Nakuha noong 31 Hulyo 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+to+invest+%241+trillion+in+infrastructure+by+2020+%E2%80%93+ministry&rft.pub=RIA+Novosti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rian.ru%2Frussia%2F20070920%2F80058850.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-agriculturebritannica-129">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-agriculturebritannica_129-0">129.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-agriculturebritannica_129-1">129.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-agriculturebritannica_129-2">129.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-agriculturebritannica_129-3">129.3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Economy">"Russia – Economy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Nakuha noong 1 Hulyo 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Russia+%E2%80%93+Economy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FRussia%2FEconomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.ZS?locations=RU">"Arable land (% of land area) – Russian Federation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. Nakuha noong 15 Hunyo 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arable+land+%28%25+of+land+area%29+%E2%80%93+Russian+Federation&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FAG.LND.ARBL.ZS%3Flocations%3DRU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/system-shock-russias-war-and-global-food-energy-and-mineral-supply-chains">"System Shock: Russia's War and Global Food, Energy, and Mineral Supply Chains"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (hindi pa naisusulat)">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a>. Washington, D.C. 13 Abril 2022. Nakuha noong 24 Hunyo 2022. <q>Together, Russia and Ukraine—sometimes referred to as the breadbasket of Europe—account for 29% of global wheat exports, 80% of the world's sunflower oil, and 40% of its barley.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Woodrow+Wilson+International+Center+for+Scholars&rft.atitle=System+Shock%3A+Russia%27s+War+and+Global+Food%2C+Energy%2C+and+Mineral+Supply+Chains&rft.date=2022-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Fevent%2Fsystem-shock-russias-war-and-global-food-energy-and-mineral-supply-chains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMedetskyDurisin2020" class="citation news cs1">Medetsky, Anatoly; Durisin, Megan (23 Setyembre 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-22/russia-s-dominance-of-the-wheat-world-keeps-growing">"Russia's Dominance of the Wheat World Keeps Growing"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloomberg_L.P.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloomberg L.P. (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bloomberg L.P.</a> Nakuha noong 15 Hunyo 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Dominance+of+the+Wheat+World+Keeps+Growing&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft.aulast=Medetsky&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft.au=Durisin%2C+Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-09-22%2Frussia-s-dominance-of-the-wheat-world-keeps-growing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/wheat/reporter/rus?redirect=true">"Wheat in Russia | OEC"</a>. OEC – The Observatory of Economic Complexity.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OEC+%E2%80%93+The+Observatory+of+Economic+Complexity&rft.atitle=Wheat+in+Russia+%26%23124%3B+OEC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foec.world%2Fen%2Fprofile%2Fbilateral-product%2Fwheat%2Freporter%2Frus%3Fredirect%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/3/cb9236en/cb9236en.pdf">"The importance of Ukraine and the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets and the risks associated with the current conflict"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Rome" class="mw-disambig" title="Rome">Rome</a>: <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>. 25 Marso 2022. Nakuha noong 8 Hulyo 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+importance+of+Ukraine+and+the+Russian+Federation+for+global+agricultural+markets+and+the+risks+associated+with+the+current+conflict&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fcb9236en%2Fcb9236en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLustgarten2020" class="citation news cs1">Lustgarten, Abrahm (16 Disyembre 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/16/magazine/russia-climate-migration-crisis.html">"How Russia Wins the Climate Crisis"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New York Times (hindi pa naisusulat)">The New York Times</a>. Nakuha noong 15 Hunyo 2021. <q>Across Eastern Russia, wild forests, swamps and grasslands are slowly being transformed into orderly grids of soybeans, corn and wheat. It's a process that is likely to accelerate: Russia hopes to seize on the warming temperatures and longer growing seasons brought by climate change to refashion itself as one of the planet's largest producers of food</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Russia+Wins+the+Climate+Crisis&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft.aulast=Lustgarten&rft.aufirst=Abrahm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2020%2F12%2F16%2Fmagazine%2Frussia-climate-migration-crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf">The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Rome" class="mw-disambig" title="Rome">Rome</a>: <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>. 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-92-5-130562-1" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-92-5-130562-1"><bdi>978-92-5-130562-1</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 4 Pebrero 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+State+of+World+Fisheries+and+Aquaculture&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-92-5-130562-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fi9540en%2Fi9540en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-137">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_137-0">137.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_137-1">137.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/RUS">"Russia's Energy Overview 2021"</a>. U.S. Energy Information Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Energy+Information+Administration&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Energy+Overview+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Finternational%2Fanalysis%2Fcountry%2FRUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ARusya" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Tingnan din">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mga_birong_Ruso" title="Mga birong Ruso">Mga birong Ruso</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_kawing_panlabas">Mga kawing panlabas</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga kawing panlabas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusya&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Mga kawing panlabas">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1961329">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1961807">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Rusya mula sa mga <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">kapatid na proyekto</a> ng Wikipedia</div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /><a href="https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Rusya" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Rusya">Mga kahulugan</a> mula sa Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Rusya" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Rusya">Mga aklat</a> mula sa Wikibooks</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Europe/Russia/">Rusya</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_Directory_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open Directory Project (hindi pa naisusulat)">Proyektong Bukas na Direktoryo</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Pamalahaan</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ru/">Opisyal na Portal ng Pamahalaan ng Rusya</a> (sa Ruso)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-r/russia.html">Puno ng estado at Miyembro ng Gabinete</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926195007/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-r/russia.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2012-09-26 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rian.ru/">Russian News Agency Ria Novosti</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003023821/http://en.rian.ru/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2013-10-03 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Pangkalahatang Impormasyon</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html">Russia</a> lahok sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World Factbook (hindi pa naisusulat)">The World Factbook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/russia.htm">Ang Rusya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081022164202/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/russia.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-10-22 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. sa UCB Libraries GovPubs</li></ul> <dl><dt>Iba</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waytorussia.net/WhatIsRussia/Intro.html">Daan sa Rusya. Isang panimula sa Rusya at sa mga Ruso</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.ru/">Russia Beyond the Headlines</a> International news project about Russia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rusya_(mga_paksa)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Rusya_Mga_Paksa_ukol_sa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Rusya Mga Paksa ukol sa (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Rusya_Mga_Paksa_ukol_sa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Rusya Mga Paksa ukol sa (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Rusya_Mga_Paksa_ukol_sa&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rusya_(mga_paksa)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a> (mga paksa)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kasaysayan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Russian_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Russian history (hindi pa naisusulat)">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-Europeans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans (hindi pa naisusulat)">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_Eskito" title="Mga Eskito">Mga Eskito</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarmatians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarmatians (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Slavs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Slavs (hindi pa naisusulat)">Early Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Slavs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Slavs (hindi pa naisusulat)">East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kievan_Rus%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kievan Rus' (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li>Feudal Rus' <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novgorod_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novgorod Republic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir-Suzdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir-Suzdal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Moscow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principality of Moscow (hindi pa naisusulat)">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarato_ng_Rusya" title="Tsarato ng Rusya">Tsarato ng Rusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Ruso" title="Imperyong Ruso">Imperyong Ruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Pebrero" title="Himagsikang Pebrero">Himagsikang Pebrero</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Republic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himagsikang_Oktubre" class="mw-redirect" title="Himagsikang Oktubre">Himagsikang Oktubre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Sibil_sa_Rusya" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Sibil sa Rusya">Digmaang Sibil</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian state (hindi pa naisusulat)">Russian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unyong_Sobyetiko" title="Unyong Sobyetiko">Unyong Sobyetiko</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silangang_Bloke" title="Silangang Bloke">Silangang Bloke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dissolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Russia_(1991%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Russia (1991–present) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union State (hindi pa naisusulat)">Union State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Russian_journalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Russian journalism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judicial_system_of_the_Russian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judicial system of the Russian Empire (hindi pa naisusulat)">Judicial system of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_history_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBT history in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_city_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical city of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Historical cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heograpiya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borders_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borders of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of cities and towns in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_earthquakes_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of earthquakes in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_points_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extreme points of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">European Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meshchera_Lowlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meshchera Lowlands (hindi pa naisusulat)">Meshchera Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolensk_Upland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smolensk Upland (hindi pa naisusulat)">Smolensk Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_fjords_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of fjords of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geology_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geology of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_glaciers_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of glaciers in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Russian_Regions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Russian Regions (hindi pa naisusulat)">Great Russian Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_highest_points_of_Russian_federal_subjects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of highest points of Russian federal subjects (hindi pa naisusulat)">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_islands_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of islands of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_lakes_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of lakes of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagat_Kaspiyo" title="Dagat Kaspiyo">Dagat Kaspiyo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_mountains_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of mountains of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulubundukin_ng_Kaukasya" title="Bulubundukin ng Kaukasya">Kaukasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulubundukin_ng_Ural" title="Bulubundukin ng Ural">Mga Ural</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of volcanoes in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Asya" title="Hilagang Asya">Hilagang Asya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberya" title="Siberya">Siberya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Siberian_Plain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Siberian Plain (hindi pa naisusulat)">West Siberian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Far_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Far East (hindi pa naisusulat)">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Caucasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Caucasus (hindi pa naisusulat)">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_divisions_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political divisions of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Political divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_rivers_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of rivers of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wildlife_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wildlife of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pamahalain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Politika</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Service of the Russian Federation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conscription_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conscription in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criminal_Code_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criminal Code of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Criminal code</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elections in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_budget_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal budget of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Foreign relations</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine (hindi pa naisusulat)">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of assembly in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Government</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apparatus_of_the_Government_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apparatus of the Government of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Apparatus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Law enforcement</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisons_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prisons in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Prisons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservatism in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian nationalism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martial_law_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martial law in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_freedom_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media freedom in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Armed_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Armed Forces (hindi pa naisusulat)">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_opposition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian opposition (hindi pa naisusulat)">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_parties_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political parties in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">President of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prime Minister of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Prime Minister of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization (hindi pa naisusulat)">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_emergency_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State of emergency in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">State of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_defense_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil defense in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_planning_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban planning in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_surveillance_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mass surveillance in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mass surveillance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ekonomiya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_industry_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aircraft industry of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aircraft industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automotive industry in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Bank_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Bank of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defense_industry_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defense industry of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Defence industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_rehiyong_pang-ekonomiko_ng_Rusya" title="Mga rehiyong pang-ekonomiko ng Rusya">Mga rehiyong pang-ekonomiko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fishing industry in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forestry_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forestry in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Financial_districts_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:Financial districts in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Financial districts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambling_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambling in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining industry of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petroleum_industry_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petroleum industry in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_oligarchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian oligarchs (hindi pa naisusulat)">Russian oligarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian ruble">Rublo (pananalapi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_technology_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and technology in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Academy of Sciences (hindi pa naisusulat)">Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shipbuilding_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shipbuilding in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_industry_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space industry of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxation_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxation in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of trade unions in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waste_management_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waste management in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water supply and sanitation in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lipunan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abortion_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abortion in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohol_consumption_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcohol consumption in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_the_Russian_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in the Russian Federation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizenship_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizenship of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corruption_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corruption in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domestic_violence_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domestic violence in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_groups_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnic groups in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feminism in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gun_control_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gun control in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mental_health_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mental health in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration to Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Immigration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Illegal_immigration_to_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illegal immigration to Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Illegal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBT rights in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Languages of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_access_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open access in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostitution in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racism in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forced_public_apologies_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forced public apologies in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Forced public apologies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suicide_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suicide in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_wedding_traditions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian wedding traditions (hindi pa naisusulat)">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funerals_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funerals in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polygamy_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polygamy in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orphans_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orphans in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Orphans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultura_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kultura ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kultura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Russian_artists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Russian artists (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_ballet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian ballet (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian cuisine (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_wine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian wine (hindi pa naisusulat)">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian fashion (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_fairy_tale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian fairy tale (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fairy tales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Festivals_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:Festivals in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_forms_of_addressing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian forms of addressing (hindi pa naisusulat)">Forms of addressing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graffiti_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graffiti in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Russian_innovation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Russian innovation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panitikang_Ruso" title="Panitikang Ruso">Panitikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_martial_arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian martial arts (hindi pa naisusulat)">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mass media in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_of_Rus%CA%B9,_Russia_and_Ruthenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Names of Rusʹ, Russia and Ruthenia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_nobility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian nobility (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_symbols_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National symbols of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_anthem_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National anthem of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coat of arms of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_opera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian opera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_playing_cards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian playing cards (hindi pa naisusulat)">Playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Russian_philosophers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Russian philosophers (hindi pa naisusulat)">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_political_jokes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian political jokes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Political jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public holidays in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso">Wikang Ruso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_tea_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian tea culture (hindi pa naisusulat)">tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Television in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Wonders_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Wonders of Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Seven Wonders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia (hindi pa naisusulat)">World Heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Rusya" title="Kategorya:Rusya">Kategorya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/50px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0px;font-size:111%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_bansa_sa_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Europa" title="Padron:Europa"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/wiki/Usapang_padron:Europa" title="Usapang padron:Europa"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Europa&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_bansa_sa_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_bansa" title="Talaan ng mga bansa">Mga bansa</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Albanya" title="Albanya">Albanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemánya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andora</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenya</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Aserbayan</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Belhika" title="Belhika">Belhika</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_at_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia at Herzegovina">Bosnia at Herzegovina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya">Bulgarya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dinamarka" title="Dinamarka">Dinamarka</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Eslobakya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eslobenya" title="Eslobenya">Eslobenya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (bansa)">Heyorhiya</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya">Gresya</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary">Unggarya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlanda (bansa)">Irlanda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan">Kasakistan</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Kroasya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Latbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Latbiya">Latbiya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuania">Litwanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luksemburgo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Lupangyelo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilagang Macedonia">Hilagang Masedonya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldova">Moldabya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monako</a> · <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noruwega" title="Noruwega">Noruwega</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Olanda</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland">Pinlandiya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland">Polonya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Rumanya</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suwesya" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwesya">Suwesya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suwisa" title="Suwisa">Suwisa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Republikang_Tseko" title="Republikang Tseko">Tsekya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsipre" title="Tsipre">Tsipre</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> · <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Reyno Unido</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Vaticano" title="Lungsod ng Vaticano">Lungsod ng Batikano</a> 1 Mayroong <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcontinental_country" class="extiw" title="en:Transcontinental country">bahagi ng teritoryo nito</a> na nasa labas ng Europa.  2 Buong nasa <a href="/wiki/Kanlurang_Asya" title="Kanlurang Asya">Kanlurang Asya</a> ngunit mayroong ugnayang sosyo-politikal sa Europa.  3 May mga <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" class="extiw" title="en:Dependent territory">umaasang</a> teritoryo sa labas ng Europa. </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_bansa_at_dependensiya_sa_Asya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Asia_topic" title="Padron:Asia topic"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Asia_topic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Asia topic (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Asia_topic&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_bansa_at_dependensiya_sa_Asya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mga bansa at dependensiya sa <a href="/wiki/Asya" title="Asya">Asya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states">Mga estadong soberano</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Aserbayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (bansa)">Heorhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan">Kasakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Korea" title="Hilagang Korea">Korea (Hilaga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timog_Korea" title="Timog Korea">Korea (Timog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajikistan">Tayikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina">Tsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipre" title="Tsipre">Tsipre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbekistan">Usbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" class="extiw" title="en:List of states with limited recognition">Estadong limitado ang pagkakakilala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependent territory">Dependensiya</a> at iba pang teritoryo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">Britanikong Teritoryo sa Karagatang Indiyano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulo_ng_Christmas" title="Pulo ng Christmas">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapuluang_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kapuluang Cocos (Keeling)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/24px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/32px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Asia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Book</a></li> <li><img alt="Kategorya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Asya" title="Kategorya:Asya">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="Portada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Asia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" title="Padron:Countries bordering the Baltic Sea"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Countries bordering the Baltic Sea (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries">Countries</a> bordering the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> · <a href="/wiki/Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland">Finland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany">Germany</a> · <a href="/wiki/Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland">Poland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_bordering_the_Black_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Countries_bordering_the_Black_Sea" title="Padron:Countries bordering the Black Sea"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Countries_bordering_the_Black_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Countries bordering the Black Sea (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Countries_bordering_the_Black_Sea&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_bordering_the_Black_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries">Countries</a> bordering the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Heorhiya" title="Heorhiya">Georgia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rumaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumaniya">Rumaniya</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey">Turkiya</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine">Ukranya</a> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_bordering_the_Caspian_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Countries_bordering_the_Caspian_Sea" title="Padron:Countries bordering the Caspian Sea"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Countries_bordering_the_Caspian_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Countries bordering the Caspian Sea (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external 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data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Commonwealth_of_Independent_States_(CIS)" title="Padron:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Commonwealth_of_Independent_States_(CIS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Commonwealth_of_Independent_States_(CIS)&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Komonwelt_ng_mga_Malalayang_Estado" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Komonwelt ng mga Malalayang Estado</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> Ibang Miyembro: <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> · Dating Miyembro: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> (1993-2009)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_the_CIS.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="CIS flag"><img alt="CIS flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/96px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/128px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_Miyembro_sa_Konsehong_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Council_of_Europe" title="Padron:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Council_of_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Council of Europe (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Council_of_Europe&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_Miyembro_sa_Konsehong_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mga Miyembro sa Konsehong <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania">Albania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> · <a href="/wiki/Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> · <a href="/wiki/Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland">Finland</a> · <a href="/wiki/France" class="mw-redirect" title="France">France</a> · <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany">Germany</a> · <a href="/wiki/Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Greece">Greece</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> · <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy">Italy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilagang Macedonia">Hilagang Macedonia</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway">Norway</a> · <a href="/wiki/Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland">Poland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain">Spain</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> · <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> · <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Miyembrong Taga-tingin: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> · <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan">Japan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> · <a href="/wiki/Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> · <a href="/wiki/United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="United States">United States</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> 1 Ito ay tinutukoy ng Konsehong Europa na dating "Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pangkat_ng_Walo_(G8)_and_Pangkat_ng_Walo_+_Lima_(G8+5)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Mga_bansa_na_kasapi_ng_G8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Mga bansa na kasapi ng G8 (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Mga_bansa_na_kasapi_ng_G8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Mga bansa na kasapi ng G8 (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Mga_bansa_na_kasapi_ng_G8&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pangkat_ng_Walo_(G8)_and_Pangkat_ng_Walo_+_Lima_(G8+5)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pangkat_ng_Walo" title="Pangkat ng Walo">Pangkat ng Walo (G8)</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=G8%2B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G8+5 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkat ng Walo + Lima (G8+5)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga miyembro ng G8</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon">Hapon</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a> (sinuspinde)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Reyno Unido</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga kinatawan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G8%2B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G8+5 (hindi pa naisusulat)">G8+5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil">Brasil</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republikang_Bayan_ng_Tsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang Bayan ng Tsina">Tsina</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">Indiya</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico">Mehiko</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa">Timog Aprika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangkat_ng_Anim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangkat ng Anim (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkat ng Anim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G7 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangkat ng Pito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkat_ng_Walo#Kasaysayan" title="Pangkat ng Walo">G7+1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_bansa_na_kasapi_ng_G4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga bansa na kasapi ng G4 (hindi pa naisusulat)">G4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_Bansa_sa_BRIC" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:BRIC_countries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:BRIC countries (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:BRIC_countries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:BRIC countries (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:BRIC_countries&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_Bansa_sa_BRIC" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mga Bansa sa BRIC</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>  ·  <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a>  ·  <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a>  ·  <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republikang_Bayan_ng_Tsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang Bayan ng Tsina">Tsina</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_Kasapi_ng_Kapulungang_Pangkatiwasayan_ng_Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Kapulungang_Pangkatiwasayan_ng_NB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Kapulungang Pangkatiwasayan ng NB (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Kapulungang_Pangkatiwasayan_ng_NB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Kapulungang Pangkatiwasayan ng NB (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Kapulungang_Pangkatiwasayan_ng_NB&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_Kasapi_ng_Kapulungang_Pangkatiwasayan_ng_Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mga Kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/Kapulungang_Pangkatiwasayan_ng_Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapulungang Pangkatiwasayan ng Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa">Kapulungang Pangkatiwasayan</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_Nagkakaisang_Bansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa">Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mga Panatilihang kasapi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagkakaisang_Kaharian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagkakaisang Kaharian">Nagkakaisang Kaharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Nagkakaisang Pamahalaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikang_Popular_ng_Tsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang Popular ng Tsina">Tsina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.25em;">Katungkulan matatapos sa 31 Disyembre 2013</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aserbayan" title="Aserbayan">Aserbayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwekos" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwekos">Marwekos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.25em;">Katungkulan matatapos sa 31 Disyembre 2014</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arhentina" title="Arhentina">Arhentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australya" title="Australya">Australya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luksemburgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Luksemburgo">Luksemburgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruwanda">Ruwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timog_Korea" title="Timog Korea">Timog Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Australia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Australia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Brunei (hindi pa naisusulat)">Brunei Darussalam</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Kanada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Kanada (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kanada</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Chile (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chile</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Republikang_Popular_ng_Tsina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Republikang Popular ng Tsina (hindi pa naisusulat)">Republikang Popular ng Tsina</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Hong Kong (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hong Kong</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Indonesia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Indonesia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya_ng_Hapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekonomiya ng Hapon">Hapon</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Timog_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Timog Korea (hindi pa naisusulat)">Timog Korea</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Malaysia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Malaysia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Mexico (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mexico</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng New Zealand (hindi pa naisusulat)">New Zealand</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Papua New Guinea (hindi pa naisusulat)">Papua New Guinea</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Peru (hindi pa naisusulat)">Peru</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya_ng_Pilipinas" title="Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pederasyong Rusya</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Singapore (hindi pa naisusulat)">Singapore</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Taiwan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chinese Taipei</a> * · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Thailand (hindi pa naisusulat)">Thailand</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_the_Estados_Unidos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng the Estados Unidos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Estados Unidos</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomiya_ng_Biyetnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomiya ng Biyetnam (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyetnam</a> *Designasyon sa <a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Tsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Tsina">Republika ng Tsina</a> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pagpupulong</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Australia_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Australia 1989 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1989</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Singapore_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Singapore 1990 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1990</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Republika_ng_Korea_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Republika ng Korea 1991 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1991</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Thailand_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Thailand 1992 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1992</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Estados_Unidos_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Estados Unidos 1993 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1993</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Indonesia_1994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Indonesia 1994 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1994</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Hapon_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Hapon 1995 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1995</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Pilipinas_1996&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Pilipinas 1996 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1996</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Canada_1997&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Canada 1997 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1997</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Malaysia_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Malaysia 1998 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1998</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_New_Zealand_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa New Zealand 1999 (hindi pa naisusulat)">1999</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Brunei_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Brunei 2000 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2000</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Republikang_Popular_ng_Tsina_2001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Republikang Popular ng Tsina 2001 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2001</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Mexico_2002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Mexico 2002 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2002</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Thailand_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Thailand 2003 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2003</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Chile_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Chile 2004 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2004</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Republika_ng_Korea_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Republika ng Korea 2005 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2005</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Vietnam_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Vietnam 2006 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2006</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Australia_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Australia 2007 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2007</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Peru_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Peru 2008 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2008</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Singapore_2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Singapore 2009 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2009</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Hapon_2010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Hapon 2010 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2010</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Estados_Unidos_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Estados Unidos 2011 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2011</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Rusya_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Rusya 2012 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2012</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_sa_Indonesia_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC sa Indonesia 2013 (hindi pa naisusulat)">2013</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Samahan_ng_Kooperasyong_Pang-ekonomiya_sa_mga_Bansa_sa_Itim_na_Dagat" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation_(BSEC)" title="Padron:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation_(BSEC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation_(BSEC)&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Samahan_ng_Kooperasyong_Pang-ekonomiya_sa_mga_Bansa_sa_Itim_na_Dagat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samahan ng Kooperasyong Pang-ekonomiya sa mga Bansa sa Itim na Dagat</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox-columns-table" style="text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:6.5em;">   </td><td style="padding:0px;;;;width:12.75em;"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albanya" title="Albanya">Albania</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenya" title="Armenya">Armenia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:12.75em;"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Heorhiya" title="Heorhiya">Georgia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Greece">Greece</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:12.75em;"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rumaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumaniya">Rumaniya</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a> </div></td><td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:12.75em;"><div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbiya">Serbia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey">Turkiya</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine">Ukranya</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kooperasyong_Organisasyon_sa_Shanghai" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ddf;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Padron:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kooperasyong_Organisasyon_sa_Shanghai" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kooperasyong_Organisasyon_sa_Shanghai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kooperasyong Organisasyon sa Shanghai (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kooperasyong Organisasyon sa Shanghai</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Estadong Miyembro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republikang_Bayan_ng_Tsina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang Bayan ng Tsina">Tsina</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Estadong Tagamasid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">Indiya</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Panauhin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sampamahalaan_ng_mga_Estadong_Nagsasarili" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampamahalaan ng mga Estadong Nagsasarili">CIS</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Salitang Ginagamit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Tsino" title="Wikang Tsino">Tsino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso">Ruso</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pamayanang_Pang-ekonomiyang_Eurasian_(Eurasian_Economic_Community_o_EURASEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Padron:Eurasian Economic Community"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Eurasian_Economic_Community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Eurasian Economic Community (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Eurasian_Economic_Community&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pamayanang_Pang-ekonomiyang_Eurasian_(Eurasian_Economic_Community_o_EURASEC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamayanang_Pang-ekonomiyang_Eurasian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamayanang Pang-ekonomiyang Eurasian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pamayanang Pang-ekonomiyang Eurasian</a> (Eurasian Economic Community o EURASEC)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:97%"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Eurasec_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of EURASEC countries"><img alt="Map of EURASEC countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Eurasec_Map.png/50px-Eurasec_Map.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Eurasec_Map.png/75px-Eurasec_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Eurasec_Map.png/100px-Eurasec_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="928" /></a><figcaption>Map of EURASEC countries</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bansang_Estadong_Slavic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:Slavic-speaking_states&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:Slavic-speaking states (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Slavic-speaking_states&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Slavic-speaking states (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Slavic-speaking_states&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bansang_Estadong_Slavic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamamayang_Slavic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamamayang Slavic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bansang Estadong Slavic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Kanlurang_Slavic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Kanlurang Slavic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kanlurang Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Republikang_Tseko" title="Republikang Tseko"><img alt="Republikang Tseko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic </a> · <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland">Poland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Timog_Slavic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Timog Slavic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Timog Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_at_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia at Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia at Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Macedonia" title="Hilagang Macedonia"><img alt="Hilagang Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macedonia (country) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Macedonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya"><img alt="Serbiya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Silangang_Slavic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Silangang Slavic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Silangang Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya"><img alt="Rusya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> (hindi kinikilala)  · <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pag-aaway_sa_Gitnang_Silangan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Padron:Quartet on the Middle East"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Quartet_on_the_Middle_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Quartet on the Middle East (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Quartet_on_the_Middle_East&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pag-aaway_sa_Gitnang_Silangan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aaway_sa_Gitnang_Silangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pag-aaway sa Gitnang Silangan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pag-aaway sa Gitnang Silangan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partidong Taga-awat</th><td 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title="Nagkakaisang Bansa">Nagkakaisang Bansa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Rodham Clinton">Clinton</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Espesyal ng Envoy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kasaling Organisasyon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elections_Reform_Support_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elections Reform Support Group (hindi pa naisusulat)">Elections Reform Support Group</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdibisyon_ng_Rusya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Mga_Subdibisyon_ng_Rusya" title="Padron:Mga Subdibisyon ng Rusya"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Mga_Subdibisyon_ng_Rusya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Mga Subdibisyon ng Rusya (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Mga_Subdibisyon_ng_Rusya&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdibisyon_ng_Rusya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mga_Subdibisyon_ng_Rusya" title="Mga Subdibisyon ng Rusya">Subdibisyon ng</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mga_kasakupang_pederal_ng_Rusya" title="Mga kasakupang pederal ng Rusya">Kasakupang Pederal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mga_republika_ng_Rusya" title="Mga republika ng Rusya">Republika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Adygea" class="mw-redirect" title="Adygea">Adygea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Altai" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Altai">Altai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Buryatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" class="mw-redirect" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Karelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Karelia">Karelia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Khakassia" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Komi" title="Republika ng Komi">Komi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mari_El" class="mw-redirect" title="Mari El">Mari El</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mordovia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Ossetia-Alania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilagang Ossetia-Alania">Hilagang Ossetia-Alania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Sakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Sakha">Sakha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tuva" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuva">Tuva</a> · <a href="/wiki/Udmurtia" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mga_krai_ng_Rusya" title="Mga krai ng Rusya">Krai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Altai_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Altai Krai">Altai</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Khabarovsk Krai">Khabarovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Perm Krai">Perm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mga_oblast_ng_Rusya" title="Mga oblast ng Rusya">Oblast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Oblast" title="Astrakhan Oblast">Astrakhan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belgorod_Oblast" title="Belgorod Oblast">Belgorod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bryansk_Oblast" title="Bryansk Oblast">Bryansk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ivanovo_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivanovo Oblast">Ivanovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kaluga_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaluga Oblast">Kaluga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kemerovo_Oblast" title="Kemerovo Oblast">Kemerovo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kirov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kursk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kursk Oblast">Kursk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lipetsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipetsk Oblast">Lipetsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Magadan_Oblast" title="Magadan Oblast">Magadan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow</a> · <a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast" title="Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Novosibirsk Oblast">Novosibirsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oryol_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryol Oblast">Oryol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Penza_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Penza Oblast">Penza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pskov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pskov Oblast">Pskov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rostov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostov Oblast">Rostov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara Oblast">Samara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Saratov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Saratov Oblast">Saratov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tambov_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tambov Oblast">Tambov</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomsk Oblast">Tomsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tula_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tula Oblast">Tula</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tver Oblast">Tver</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Oblast">Vladimir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vologda_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Vologda Oblast">Vologda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mga_pederal_na_lungsod_ng_Rusya" title="Mga pederal na lungsod ng Rusya">Pederal na Lungsod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> · <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mga_awtonomong_oblast_ng_Rusya" title="Mga awtonomong oblast ng Rusya">Awtonomong oblast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mga_awtonomong_okrug_ng_Rusya" title="Mga awtonomong okrug ng Rusya">Awtonomong okrug</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug">Khantia-Mansia</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Nenetsia</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Yamalia</a>1</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><div>1sekundaryang pangadministratibo sa <a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen Oblast</a> 2 sekundaryang pangadministratibo sa <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a> <hr /><a href="/wiki/Mga_Pederal_na_Distrito_ng_Rusya" title="Mga Pederal na Distrito ng Rusya">Pederal na Distrito</a> <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Pederal_na_Distrito" title="Gitnang Pederal na Distrito">Gitna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malayong_Silangang_Pederal_na_Distrito" title="Malayong Silangang Pederal na Distrito">Malayong Silangan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pederal_na_Distrito_ng_Hilagang_Caucasus" title="Pederal na Distrito ng Hilagang Caucasus">Hilagang Caucasus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hilagang-kanlurang_Pederal_na_Distrito" title="Hilagang-kanlurang Pederal na Distrito">Hilagang-kanluran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pederal_na_Distrito_ng_Siberya" class="mw-redirect" title="Pederal na Distrito ng Siberya">Siberya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Katimugang_Pederal_na_Distrito" title="Katimugang Pederal na Distrito">Katimugan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pederal_na_Distrito_ng_Ural" title="Pederal na Distrito ng Ural">Ural</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pederal_na_Distrito_ng_Volga" title="Pederal na Distrito ng Volga">Volga</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rusya&oldid=2140663">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rusya&oldid=2140663</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a 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