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Verbrandingskamer (gasturbine) - Wikipedia
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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Brandstof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constructie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constructie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Constructie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constructie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uitvoeringsvormen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uitvoeringsvormen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uitvoeringsvormen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uitvoeringsvormen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drukval_over_de_verbrandingskamer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drukval_over_de_verbrandingskamer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Drukval over de verbrandingskamer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drukval_over_de_verbrandingskamer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verhitting_van_lucht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verhitting_van_lucht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verhitting van lucht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verhitting_van_lucht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Milieumaatregelen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Milieumaatregelen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Milieumaatregelen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Milieumaatregelen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verbrandingskamer (gasturbine)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 8 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="حراق – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brennkammer" title="Brennkammer – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brennkammer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustor" title="Combustor – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Combustor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombustor" title="Kombustor – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kombustor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustore" title="Combustore – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Combustore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%84%BC%E5%99%A8" title="燃焼器 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="燃焼器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustor" title="Combustor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Combustor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7%E5%AE%A4" title="燃烧室 – Chinees" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk 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href="/w/index.php?title=Verbrandingskamer_(gasturbine)&diff=cur&oldid=68311411" title="Verbrandingskamer (gasturbine)">wijz</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbrandingskamer_(gasturbine)&direction=next&oldid=68311411" title="Verbrandingskamer (gasturbine)">Nieuwere versie →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbrandingskamer_(gasturbine)&diff=next&oldid=68311411" title="Verbrandingskamer (gasturbine)">wijz</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gas_turbine_-_heating.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gas_turbine_-_heating.JPG/260px-Gas_turbine_-_heating.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gas_turbine_-_heating.JPG/390px-Gas_turbine_-_heating.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gas_turbine_-_heating.JPG/520px-Gas_turbine_-_heating.JPG 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>De verbrandingskamer, deel van een <a href="/wiki/Gasturbine" title="Gasturbine">gasturbine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpg/260px-Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpg/390px-Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpg/520px-Combustion_chamber_GE_J79.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Verbrandingskamers (can type) van een GE J79</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>verbrandingskamer</b> van een <a href="/wiki/Gasturbine" title="Gasturbine">gasturbine</a> dient voor het verhitten van de lucht van hoge druk, die door de <a href="/wiki/Compressor_(gas)" title="Compressor (gas)">compressor</a> is aangevoerd. De hete gassen uit de verbrandingskamer gaan naar de <a href="/wiki/Turbine_(gasturbine)" title="Turbine (gasturbine)"> turbine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brandstof">Brandstof</h2></div> <p>Als brandstof voor een gasturbine wordt meestal <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerosine" title="Kerosine">kerosine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dieselolie" title="Dieselolie">dieselolie</a> gebruikt. De gasturbine kan echter werken met elke brandstof waarvoor een geschikt verbrandingssysteem te ontwikkelen is (bijvoorbeeld houtzaagsel is experimenteel gebruikt). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constructie">Constructie</h2></div> <p>De verbrandingskamer bestaat in het algemeen uit een huis dat voldoende sterk is om de druk van de gecomprimeerde lucht te kunnen weerstaan, met daarin een dunwandige voering (de "liner" of "combustor"). De voering bevat een groot aantal speciaal gevormde gaatjes, die een gelijkmatige luchtstroom van de buitenkant van de voering naar de binnenkant bewerkstelligen. Deze luchtstroom dient voor koeling van de voeringwand ("koellucht"). Ook zijn er in de voering grotere gaten aangebracht, waardoor een grote hoeveelheid lucht radiaal de verbrandingskamer ingeblazen wordt ("menglucht"). Aan de voorkant bevinden zich de verstuivers of branders, centraal in de voering. Hier wordt de brandstof ingespoten en er komt ook de noodzakelijke verbrandingslucht naar binnen ("verbrandingslucht"). Zo wordt de luchtstroom vanuit de compressor in drie stromen verdeeld: </p> <ul><li>verbrandingslucht naar de branders (25 tot 50%)</li> <li>koellucht voor de voeringwand</li> <li>menglucht</li></ul> <p>Alle lucht komt uiteindelijk aan de binnenkant van de voering en wordt door de vlam verhit. Rond de verstuivers zorgen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wervelkamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wervelkamer (de pagina bestaat niet)">wervelkamers</a> voor een wervelende luchtstroom, waarin de brandstof goed met lucht gemengd wordt. Bij het starten van de gasturbine wordt de brandstof door een vonkende <a href="/wiki/Bougie" title="Bougie">bougie</a> ("igniter") ontstoken. Daarna is de verbranding continu en de bougie wordt uitgeschakeld. Bij sommige gasturbines wordt de aanwezigheid van de vlam bewaakt met een of meer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlambewakers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlambewakers (de pagina bestaat niet)">vlambewakers</a> ("flame detectors"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uitvoeringsvormen">Uitvoeringsvormen</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Combustion_chambers_can-annular.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Combustion_chambers_can-annular.JPG/260px-Combustion_chambers_can-annular.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Combustion_chambers_can-annular.JPG/390px-Combustion_chambers_can-annular.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Combustion_chambers_can-annular.JPG/520px-Combustion_chambers_can-annular.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Verbrandingskamers gasturbine (can-annular)</figcaption></figure> <p>De verbrandingskamer van een <a href="/wiki/Vliegtuigmotor" title="Vliegtuigmotor">vliegtuigmotor</a> is vrijwel altijd ringvormig, waarin een ring van <a href="/wiki/Kerosine" title="Kerosine">kerosineverstuivers</a> gemonteerd is. Een ringvormige kamer wordt in het Engels "annular combustor" genoemd. Oudere motoren zijn nog weleens uitgerust met een aantal cilindervormige kamers, die rondom de motor gegroepeerd zijn. Dit noemt men "combustion cans". Als de cilindervormige kamers met elkaar verbonden zijn door <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlampijp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlampijp (de pagina bestaat niet)">vlampijpen</a>, waarmee de ontsteking vereenvoudigd wordt (de ene kamer ontsteekt de andere), gebruikt met het verzonnen woord can-annular of "cannular". Op grote industriële gasturbines treft men ook "combustion cans" aan, of er is één grote verbrandingskamer naast de machine opgesteld. In alle gevallen geldt dat de weg die de lucht moet afleggen van de compressor naar de verbrandingskamer en vervolgens naar de turbine, zo kort als mogelijk moet zijn, om stromingsverliezen te beperken. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Combustion_chamber_principle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Combustion_chamber_principle.JPG/260px-Combustion_chamber_principle.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Combustion_chamber_principle.JPG/390px-Combustion_chamber_principle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Combustion_chamber_principle.JPG/520px-Combustion_chamber_principle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Principe van een verbrandingskamer met rechtdoor gaande stroming<br />1 = verbrandingslucht, 2 = koellucht en 3 = menglucht</figcaption></figure> <p>Naar de wijze waarop de lucht door de verbrandingskamer stroomt onderscheidt men kamers met rechtdoor gaande stroming en met omkerende stroming. De figuur hiernaast laat het principe zien van een verbrandingskamer met rechtdoor gaande stroming, waar de lucht via de kortste weg van de compressor naar de turbine stroomt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drukval_over_de_verbrandingskamer">Drukval over de verbrandingskamer</h2></div> <p>De lucht ondervindt bij het stromen door de gaatjes in de voering van de verbrandingskamer enige weerstand. Dit heeft tot gevolg dat de uitlaatdruk van de verbrandingskamer iets lager is dan de compressorpersdruk (orde van grootte drukval: 2 tot 5%). Daardoor werkt de turbine met een iets lagere drukverhouding dan de compressor. Ziet men af van deze kleine drukverlaging, dan kan men stellen dat de lucht bij constante druk verhit wordt van de compressorperstemperatuur T2' tot de turbine-inlaattemperatuur T3. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verhitting_van_lucht">Verhitting van lucht</h2></div> <p>Door het verbranden van brandstof ontstaat er in het centrum van de verbrandingskamer een vlam met hoge temperatuur, tussen de 1600 en 2000°C. Die temperatuur is veel te hoog voor de materialen van de turbine, waar de gassen heen stromen. Door de menglucht en de koellucht, in totaal 50 tot 75% van de beschikbare lucht, te mengen bij de hete verbrandingsgassen, wordt een temperatuur verkregen die acceptabel in voor de turbineschoepen (typisch 1200°C). </p><p>Stel de temperatuur van de doorstromende lucht stijgt van T2' (gemeten perstemperatuur compressor) tot T3 (inlaattemperatuur turbine), dan geldt de energiebalans (per kg lucht): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q_{1}\ =\ Cp_{v}*\left(T_{3}-T_{2'}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>C</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q_{1}\ =\ Cp_{v}*\left(T_{3}-T_{2'}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c4cf0d15e7c3864c7f0c4564fa99b2428d6c12dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.317ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q_{1}\ =\ Cp_{v}*\left(T_{3}-T_{2'}\right)}"></span> [kJ/kg]</dd></dl> <p>Hierin is: </p> <ul><li>Q1 = toegevoerde brandstofenergie per kg lucht (kJ/kg lucht)</li> <li>C<sub>pv</sub> = <a href="/wiki/Specifieke_warmtecapaciteit" class="mw-redirect" title="Specifieke warmtecapaciteit">specifieke warmtecapaciteit</a> gassen bij constante druk over de gemiddelde temperatuur (kJ/K/kg lucht)</li> <li>T<sub>3</sub> = turbine-inlaattemperatuur (K of °C)</li> <li>T<sub>2'</sub> = gemeten compressorperstemperatuur (K of °C)</li></ul> <p>De turbine-inlaattemperatuur T<sub>3</sub> kan bij een gasturbine om technische redenen niet direct gemeten worden. Aangezien deze temperatuur van groot belang is voor de regeling en de beveiliging van de machine wordt hij door berekening verkregen, met behulp van bovenstaande <a href="/wiki/Energiebalans_(natuurkunde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Energiebalans (natuurkunde)">energiebalans</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Fuel_nozzles_gas_turbine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fuel_nozzles_gas_turbine.JPG/260px-Fuel_nozzles_gas_turbine.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fuel_nozzles_gas_turbine.JPG/390px-Fuel_nozzles_gas_turbine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fuel_nozzles_gas_turbine.JPG/520px-Fuel_nozzles_gas_turbine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2996" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>Brandstofverstuivers. V.l.n.r. olie, gas met stoominjectie, gas met waterinjectie, dual fuel (gas en olie met waterinjectie), bougie, vlambewaker</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Fuel_nozzles,_premixing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Fuel_nozzles%2C_premixing.JPG/260px-Fuel_nozzles%2C_premixing.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Fuel_nozzles%2C_premixing.JPG/390px-Fuel_nozzles%2C_premixing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Fuel_nozzles%2C_premixing.JPG/520px-Fuel_nozzles%2C_premixing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2214" data-file-height="2251" /></a><figcaption>Voormengende brandstofverstuivers ("premixers") voor gas</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Milieumaatregelen">Milieumaatregelen</h2></div> <p>In een verbrandingsproces kunnen voor het milieu schadelijke <a href="/wiki/Stikstofoxiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Stikstofoxiden">stikstofoxiden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stikstofmonoxide" title="Stikstofmonoxide">NO</a> en <a href="/wiki/Stikstofdioxide" title="Stikstofdioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a>) ontstaan, gewoonlijk samengevat als "NO<sub>x</sub>". De hoofdoorzaak van het ontstaan van stikstofoxiden is de hoge temperatuur van de vlam. De vorming van stikstofoxiden is tegen te gaan door de vlamtemperatuur te verlagen. Hiervoor zijn vijf methoden in gebruik: </p> <ol><li>waterinjectie in de vlam (veel toegepast bij oliebrandstof)</li> <li>stoominjectie in de vlam (veel toegepast bij gasbrandstof)</li> <li>het vergroten van het aantal branders (veel kleine in plaats van weinig grote vlammen)</li> <li>getrapte verbranding (twee vlamringen na elkaar)</li> <li>het toevoeren van een grote overmaat aan lucht aan de branders, door middel van voormengende branders ("premixers")</li></ol> <p>Bij de methoden 4 en 5 realiseert men een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arme_verbranding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arme verbranding (de pagina bestaat niet)">arme verbranding</a> met een lagere vlamtemperatuur, typisch 1600°C. Hierbij moet wel gezorgd worden dat bij de lagere vlamtemperatuur de vorming van CO (<a href="/wiki/Koolstofmonoxide" title="Koolstofmonoxide">koolstofmonoxide</a>) niet toeneemt. Door de grotere kans op instabiliteit is bij arme verbranding een snel reagerend regelsysteem noodzakelijk. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Charles E. Otis, M. Ed.</span>, Aircraft gas turbine powerplants (1989). IAP Inc Training manual. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0891002553" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89100-255-3</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">Turbojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">Turboprop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">Turbofan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turboshaft" title="Turboshaft">Turboshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasturbine" title="Gasturbine">Gasturbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiale_compressor" title="Axiale compressor">Axiale compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugaalcompressor" title="Centrifugaalcompressor">Centrifugaalcompressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbine_(gasturbine)" title="Turbine (gasturbine)">Turbine (gasturbine)</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c59558b9d‐4blms Cached time: 20241129075644 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.045 seconds Real time usage: 0.243 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 102/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 588/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 180/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 4.438 1 -total 100.00% 4.438 1 Sjabloon:Appendix 44.73% 1.985 1 Sjabloon:Aut --> <!-- Saved in RevisionOutputCache with key nlwiki:rcache:68311411:dateformat=default and timestamp 20241129075643 and revision id 68311411. --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verbrandingskamer_(gasturbine)&oldid=68311411">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verbrandingskamer_(gasturbine)&oldid=68311411</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Turbine" title="Categorie:Turbine">Turbine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Motortechniek" title="Categorie:Motortechniek">Motortechniek</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina%27s_die_ISBN_magische_links_gebruiken" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken">Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 29 okt 2024 om 10:13.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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