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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danske_alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danske_alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Danske alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danske_alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabetisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabetisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alfabetisering</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alfabetisering-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Alfabetisering</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alfabetisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dansk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dansk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dansk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dansk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biblioteker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblioteker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Biblioteker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biblioteker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografiske_særtegn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografiske_særtegn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ortografiske særtegn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ortografiske_særtegn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gotisk_skrift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gotisk_skrift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gotisk skrift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gotisk_skrift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omlydstegnet_¨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omlydstegnet_¨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Omlydstegnet ¨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omlydstegnet_¨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I/J" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I/J"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>I/J</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I/J-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ø-/ö-former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ø-/ö-former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>ø-/ö-former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ø-/ö-former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gotiske_s-former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gotiske_s-former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gotiske s-former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gotiske_s-former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latinske_s-former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latinske_s-former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Latinske s-former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latinske_s-former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U/V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U/V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>U/V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U/V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geminationsstreg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geminationsstreg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Geminationsstreg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geminationsstreg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Udtale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udtale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Udtale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udtale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Referencer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfabet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 180 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-180" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">180 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – schweizertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8B%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B5" title="አልፋቤት – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልፋቤት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abichi" title="Abichi – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Abichi" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ألفبائية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفبائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC" title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ – aramæisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܠܦܒܝܬ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramæisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu" title="Alfabetu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itasinahikewin" title="Itasinahikewin – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Itasinahikewin" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Flifba" title="Əlifba – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əlifba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الیفبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الیفبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Алфавіт – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Альфабэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альфабэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азбука – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabit" title="Alpabit – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Alpabit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="အက္ခရာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အက္ခရာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="অশব্দীয় বর্ণমালা লিপি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অশব্দীয় বর্ণমালা লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95" title="মেয়েক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মেয়েক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg" title="Lizherenneg – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Үзэг бэшэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үзэг бэшэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Абат – tjetjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8E" title="ئەلفوبێ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفوبێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddor_(iaith)" title="Gwyddor (iaith) – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddor (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachik%C9%94ba" title="Bachikɔba – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Bachikɔba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AFn%C3%ABg%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Kïnëgäär – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kïnëgäär" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabe" title="Alfabe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%A7" title="އަލިފުބާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަލިފުބާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Αλφάβητο – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφάβητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hestik" title="Tähestik – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tähestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu" title="Alfabetu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alfabetu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الفبا – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aakkoset" title="Aakkoset – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aakkoset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hist%C3%BC" title="Tähistü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tähistü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vola" title="Vola – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vola" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavra%C3%B0" title="Stavrað – færøsk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Stavrað" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t" title="Alfabèt – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alfabèt" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeet" title="Alfabeet – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alfabeet" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – friulisk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aib%C3%ADtir" title="Aibítir – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aibítir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母 – gan-kinesisk" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="字母" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalfab%C3%A9" title="Lalfabé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lalfabé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aibidil" title="Aibidil – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aibidil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achegety" title="Achegety – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Achegety" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit" title="Abbyrlhit – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruffa" title="Haruffa – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Haruffa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אלפבית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akchhar" title="Akchhar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Akchhar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8" title="Alfabè – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alfabè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81b%C3%A9c%C3%A9" title="Ábécé – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Այբուբեն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այբուբեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Այբուբեն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Այբուբեն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabeto" title="Alphabeto – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alphabeto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atchagat" title="Atchagat – inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Atchagat" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafr%C3%B3f" title="Stafróf – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stafróf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="アルファベット – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルファベット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t" title="Alfabèt – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alfabèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ანბანი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანბანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agemmay" title="Agemmay – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agemmay" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D" title="Тхыпкъылъэ – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тхыпкъылъэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas%C9%A9_kpeekpe_p%C9%A9l%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Masɩ kpeekpe pɩlʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Әліпби – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әліпби" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%86%8C%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="음소문자 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음소문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит – karatjai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatjai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeet" title="Alfabeet – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Alfabeet" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabe" title="Alfabe – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfabe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytherennek" title="Lytherennek – cornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lytherennek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abecedarium" title="Abecedarium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abecedarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alefbet" title="Alefbet – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alefbet" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta" title="Alfabeta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abecee" title="Abecee – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Abecee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afab%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Afabɛ́ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Afabɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%97c%C4%97l%C4%97" title="Abėcėlė – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abėcėlė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C4%93ts" title="Alfabēts – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alfabēts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="वर्णमाला – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Алфавитсь – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Алфавитсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy" title="Abidy – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тиштер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тиштер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Азбука – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2" title="അക്ഷരമാല – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്ഷരമാല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Цагаан толгой – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цагаан толгой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0" title="मुळाक्षर – marathisk" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुळाक्षर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabett" title="Alfabett – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Alfabett" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc" title="Abc – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Abc" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="အက္ခရာ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက္ခရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arfabeto" title="Arfabeto – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Arfabeto" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="वर्णात्मक लिपि – nepalesisk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वर्णात्मक लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%83" title="आखः – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आखः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="حروف تہجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="الفبا – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الفبا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siq%27i_llumpa" title="Siq'i llumpa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Siq'i llumpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabb%C3%A8te" title="Alfabbète – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Alfabbète" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Алфавит – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алфавит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Алфавіт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="अक्षरमाला – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अक्षरमाला" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Алпабыыт – jakutisk" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алпабыыт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu" title="Alfabetu – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alfabetu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabbetu" title="Alfabbetu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alfabbetu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="آئيوٽا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئيوٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabehta" title="Alfabehta – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Alfabehta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda_(jazykoveda)" title="Abeceda (jazykoveda) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abeceda (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="حروف تہجی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeceda" title="Abeceda – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abeceda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumbiro_re_Mabhi" title="Bumbiro re Mabhi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bumbiro re Mabhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifbeet" title="Alifbeet – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alifbeet" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti" title="Alfabeti – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Алфабет – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алфабет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpab%C3%A9t" title="Alpabét – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alpabét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti" title="Alfabeti – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alfabeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabyt" title="Alfabyt – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Alfabyt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="அகரவரிசை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகரவரிசை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2" title="అక్షరమాల – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అక్షరమాల" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3" title="อักษร – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elipbi%C3%BD" title="Elipbiý – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Elipbiý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabeto" title="Alpabeto – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabe" title="Alfabe – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alfabe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84lifba" title="Älifba – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Älifba" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Абетка – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абетка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="حروف تہجی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifbo" title="Alifbo – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alifbo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_ch%E1%BB%AF_c%C3%A1i" title="Bảng chữ cái – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng chữ cái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafab" title="Lafab – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lafab" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakadahan" title="Abakadahan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abakadahan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="字母系统 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="字母系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ანბანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანბანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%98" title="אלפאבעט – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלפאבעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81b%C3%ADd%C3%AD" title="Ábídí – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ábídí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%AF%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2" title="ⴰⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ – tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="全音素文字 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="全音素文字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AB-b%C3%B3-h%C4%93" title="Jī-bó-hē – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jī-bó-hē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A5%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="一套字母 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="一套字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9779#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Alfabetets_historie" title="Alfabetets historie">Alfabetets historie</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><hr /> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptisk_hieroglyf" title="Egyptisk hieroglyf">Egyptisk hieroglyf</a></i> 32. århundrede <abbr title="før vor tidsregning">f.v.t.</abbr> (<abbr title="før Kristi fødsel">f.kr.</abbr>) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hieratisk" title="Hieratisk">Hieratisk</a></i> 32. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demotisk_(%C3%A6gyptisk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demotisk (ægyptisk) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Demotisk</a></i> 7. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meroitisk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meroitisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Meroitisk</a></i> 3. årh. f.v.t.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-sinaitisk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-sinaitisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Proto-sinaitisk</a></i> 19. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugaritisk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugaritisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ugaritisk</a></i> 15. årh. f.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammelt_sydarabisk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammelt sydarabisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Epigrafisk sydarabisk</a></i> 9. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez-alfabetet" title="Ge'ez-alfabetet">Geʽez</a> 5–6. årh. f.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikiske_alfabet" title="Fønikiske alfabet">Fønikisk</a></i> 12. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleo-hebraisk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleo-hebraisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Paleo-hebraisk</a></i> 10. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaritansk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaritansk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Samaritansk</a> 6. årh. f.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aram%C3%A6isk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aramæisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">aramæisk</a> 8. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharosthi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharosthi (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kharosthi</a></i> 3. årh. f.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmi" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a></i> 3. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmiske_skrifter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmiske skrifter (ikke skrevet endnu)">Brahmiske skrifter</a> <i>(se)</i> <ul><li>fx <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetansk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibetansk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Tibetansk</a> 7. årh. e.v.t.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> 10. årh. e.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadiske_aboriginske_stavelser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadiske aboriginske stavelser (ikke skrevet endnu)">Canadiske stavelser</a> 1840 e.v.t.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_hebraiske_alfabet" title="Det hebraiske alfabet">Hebraisk</a> 3. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firkantet_aram%C3%A6isk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firkantet aramæisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Firkantet aramæisk alfabet</a> 2007 e.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahlavi_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pahlavi skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Pahlavi</a></i> 3. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestisk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avestisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Avestisk</a></i> 4. årh. e.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmyrensk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmyrensk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Palmyrensk</a></i> 2. årh. f.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabat%C3%A6isk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabatæisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Nabatæisk</a></i> 2. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Det_arabiske_alfabet" title="Det arabiske alfabet">Arabisk</a> 4. årh. e.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27Ko_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N'Ko skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">N'Ko</a> 1949 e.v.t.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrisk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Syrisk</a> 2. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogdisk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogdisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sogdisk</a></i> 2. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammel_tyrkisk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammel tyrkisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Orkhon</a> (Gammel tyrkisk)</i> 6. årh. e.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammel_ungarsk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammel ungarsk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Gammel ungarsk</a></i> ca. 650 e.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammelt_uigurisk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammelt uigurisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Gammelt uigurisk</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolsk_skrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolsk skrift">Mongolsk</a> 1204 e.v.t.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaisk_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandaisk alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Mandaisk</a> 2. årh. e.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_gr%C3%A6ske_alfabet" title="Det græske alfabet">Græsk</a> 8. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamle_italiske_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamle italiske alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">Etrustisk</a></i> 8. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latinske_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinske alfabet">Latin</a> 7. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokeealfabetet" title="Cherokeealfabetet">Cherokee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stavelsesskrift" title="Stavelsesskrift">stavelsesskrift</a>; kun bogstavsformer) ca. 1820 e.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vai_stavelsesskrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vai stavelsesskrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vai</a> (stavelsesskrift) ca. 1832 e.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deseret-alfabetet" title="Deseret-alfabetet">Deseret</a></i> 1854 e.v.t.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osage_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osage skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Osage</a> 2006 e.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Runealfabet" title="Runealfabet">Runealfabet</a></i> 2. årh. e.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam">Ogam</a></i> (oprindelse usikkert) 4. årh. e.v.t.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koptisk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Koptisk alfabet">Koptisk</a></i> 3. årh. e.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gotisk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotisk alfabet">Gotisk</a></i> 3. årh. e.v.t.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armensk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Armensk alfabet">Armensk</a> 405 e.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaukasisk_albansk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaukasisk albansk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kaukasisk albansk</a></i> (oprindelse usikkert) ca. 420 e.v.t.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgiske_alfabeter" title="Georgiske alfabeter">Georgisk</a> (oprindelse usikkert) ca. 430 e.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Det_glagolitiske_alfabet" title="Det glagolitiske alfabet">Glagolitisk</a></i> 862 e.v.t.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Det_kyrilliske_alfabet" title="Det kyrilliske alfabet">Kyrillisk</a> ca. 940 e.v.t. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gammelt_permisk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gammelt permisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Gammel permisk</a></i> 1372 e.v.t.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleo-spanske_skrifter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleo-spanske skrifter (ikke skrevet endnu)">Paleo-spansk</a></i> (semi-stavelsesskrift) 7. årh. f.v.t.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Libysk-berberisk</a></i> 3. årh. f.v.t. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adlam_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adlam skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">Adlam</a> (lidt påvirket fra arabisk) 1989 e.v.t. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> 1443 e.v.t. </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaana (ikke skrevet endnu)">Thaana</a> ca. 18 e.v.t. (afledt af <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%98stlige_arabertal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Østlige arabertal (ikke skrevet endnu)">østlige arabertal</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmi-tal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmi-tal (ikke skrevet endnu)">Brahmi-tal</a>)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11746895">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Alfabetet_historisk" title="Skabelon:Alfabetet historisk"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Alfabetet_historisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Alfabetet historisk (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Alfabetet_historisk" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Alfabetet historisk"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Et <b>alfabet</b> (fra græsk: <i><a href="/wiki/Alfa_(bogstav)" title="Alfa (bogstav)">alfa</a></i> αλφα og <i><a href="/wiki/Beta" title="Beta">beta</a></i> βητα) er en ordnet rækkefølge af <a href="/wiki/Bogstav" title="Bogstav">bogstaver</a>. Alfabeter afviger fra andre <a href="/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift">skriftsystemer</a> ved at <a href="/wiki/Konsonant" title="Konsonant">konsonanter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vokal_(sprog)" title="Vokal (sprog)">vokaler</a> skrives med lignende tegn. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historisk">Historisk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Historisk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historisk"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Alfabetets_historie" title="Alfabetets historie">Alfabetets historie</a></span></span></div> <p>De gamle <a href="/wiki/Egyptisk_hieroglyf" title="Egyptisk hieroglyf">egyptisk hieroglyffer</a> havde et sæt af omkring 24 hieroglyffer, der kaldes <i>uniliterals</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyf (ikke skrevet endnu)">glyffer</a>, der giver én lyd.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse glyffer blev brugt som udtalevink til <a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">logogrammer</a>, til at skrive grammatiske bøjninger og senere til at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transskribere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transskribere (ikke skrevet endnu)">transskribere</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5neord" title="Låneord">låneord</a> og udenlandske navne.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" class="mw-redirect" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystemet</a> blev brugt en del i det 4. århundrede e.Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men efter at <a href="/wiki/Hedensk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedensk">hedenske</a> templer blev lukket, blev det glemt i det 5. århundrede indtil opdagelsen af <a href="/wiki/Rosettastenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosettastenen">Rosettastenen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston-2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston-2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der var også <a href="/wiki/Kileskrift" title="Kileskrift">kileskrift</a>. Skriftsystemet blev brugt til at skrive adskillige gamle sprog. Det blev dog primært brugt til at skrive <a href="/wiki/Sumerisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumerisk">sumerisk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den sidste kendte brug af kileskrift var i 75 e.Kr., hvorefter skriften faldt ud af brug.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I middelbronzealderen dukkede et tilsyneladende "alfabetisk" system kendt som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-sinaitisk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-sinaitisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">proto-sinaitisk skrift</a> op i egyptiske turkisminer på Sinai-halvøen dateret 1840 f.v.t., tilsyneladende efterladt af <a href="/wiki/Kana%27an%C3%A6isk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kana'anæisk">kana'anæiske</a> arbejdere. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orly_Goldwasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orly Goldwasser (ikke skrevet endnu)">Orly Goldwasser</a> har forbundet den <a href="/wiki/Analfabetistisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Analfabetistisk">analfabetistiske</a> turkisminearbejder graffititeori til oprindelsen af alfabetet.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldwasser-2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldwasser-2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1999 opdagede John og Deborah Darnell, amerikanske egyptologer, en tidligere version af dette første alfabet i Wadi el-Hol-dalen i Egypten. Skriftsystemet er dateret til ca. 1800 fvt og viser tegn på at være blevet tilpasset fra specifikke former for egyptiske hieroglyffer, der kunne dateres til ca. 2000 f.v.t., hvilket kraftigt tyder på, at det første alfabet havde udviklet sig omkring den tid.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skriftsystemet var baseret på bogstaver og navne, der menes at være baseret på egyptiske hieroglyffer.<sup id="cite_ref-Coulmas_140_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coulmas_140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette skriftsystem havde ingen tegn, der repræsenterede vokaler. Oprindeligt var det sandsynligvis en <a href="/wiki/Stavelsesskrift" title="Stavelsesskrift">stavelsesskrift</a>, hvor stavelser er repræsenteret med tegn - men symboler, der ikke var nødvendige, blev fjernet. Det bedst attesterede bronzealderalfabet er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugaritisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugaritisk (ikke skrevet endnu)">ugaritisk</a>, opfundet i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugarit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugarit (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ugarit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syrien" title="Syrien">Syrien</a>) før det 15. århundrede fvt. Dette var et alfabetisk kileskrift med 30 tegn, inklusive tre, der indikerer en efterfølgende vokal. Dette skriftsystem blev ikke brugt efter ødelæggelsen af Ugarit i 1178 fvt.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ba%60alat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ba%60alat.png/220px-Ba%60alat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Ba%60alat.png 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="182" /></a><figcaption>Et eksempel på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-sinaitisk_skrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-sinaitisk skrift (ikke skrevet endnu)">proto-sinaitisk skrift</a>, en af de tidligste (hvis ikke den allerførste) fonemiske skrift.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den proto-sinaitiske skrift udviklede sig til sidst til det <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikiske_alfabet" title="Fønikiske alfabet">fønikiske alfabet</a>, konventionelt kaldet "proto-kanaanæisk" før ca. 1050 fvt.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels_9296_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels_9296-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den ældste tekst i fønikisk skrift er en inskription på kong Ahirams <a href="/wiki/Sarkofag" title="Sarkofag">sarkofag</a> ca. 1000 fvt. Dette skriftsystem er det overordnede skriftsystem for alle vestlige alfabeter. I det tiende århundrede fvt adskiller to andre former sig, <a href="/wiki/Kana%27an%C3%A6isk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kana'anæisk">kana'anæisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Aram%C3%A6isk" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramæisk">aramæisk</a>. Det aramæiske gav anledning til <a href="/wiki/Det_hebraiske_alfabet" title="Det hebraiske alfabet">det hebraiske alfabet</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydarabiske_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydarabiske alfabet (ikke skrevet endnu)">sydarabiske alfabet</a>, et søsterskrift til det fønikiske alfabet, er det skriftsystem, hvorfra <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez-alfabetet" title="Ge'ez-alfabetet">Ge'ez-alfabetet</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a>, et skriftsystem, hvor konsonant-vokalsekvenser er skrevet som enheder, som blev brugt omkring <a href="/wiki/Afrikas_horn" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikas horn">Afrikas horn</a>, stammer fra. Vokalløse alfabeter kaldes abjads, i øjeblikket eksemplificeret i andre som <a href="/wiki/Arabisk_(sprog)" title="Arabisk (sprog)">arabisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebraisk_(sprog)" title="Hebraisk (sprog)">hebraisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Syrisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrisk">syrisk</a>. Udeladelsen af <a href="/wiki/Vokal_(sprog)" title="Vokal (sprog)">vokaler</a> var ikke altid en tilfredsstillende løsning på grund af behovet for at bevare hellige tekster. "Svage" konsonanter bruges til at angive vokaler. Disse bogstaver har en dobbelt funktion, da de også kan bruges som rene konsonanter.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den proto-sinaitiske skriftsystem og den ugaritiske skriftsystem var de første skriftsystemer med et begrænset antal tegn i stedet for at bruge mange forskellige tegn for ord, i modsætning til de andre meget brugte skriftsystemer på det tidspunkt, kileskrift, egyptiske hieroglyffer og <a href="/wiki/Line%C3%A6r_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineær B">lineær B</a>. Det fønikiske skrift var sandsynligvis det første fonemiske skrift<sup id="cite_ref-Coulmas_140_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coulmas_140-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daniels_9296_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels_9296-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og det indeholdt kun omkring to dusin forskellige bogstaver, hvilket gør det til et skrift, der er enkelt nok for handlende at lære. En anden fordel ved det fønikiske alfabet var, at det kunne skrive forskellige sprog, da det optog ord fonemisk.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den fønikiske skrift blev spredt rundt om <a href="/wiki/Middelhavet" title="Middelhavet">Middelhavet</a> af <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fønikerne">fønikerne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels_9296_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels_9296-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Det_gr%C3%A6ske_alfabet" title="Det græske alfabet">Det græske alfabet</a> var det første alfabet, hvor vokaler har uafhængige bogstavformer adskilt fra konsonanters. Grækerne valgte bogstaver, der repræsenterede lyde, der ikke fandtes på fønikisk til at repræsentere vokaler. Det stavelsesformede Linear B, et skrift, der blev brugt af de mykenske grækere fra det 16. århundrede fvt, havde 87 symboler, inklusive fem vokaler. I dets tidlige år var der mange varianter af det græske alfabet, hvilket fik mange forskellige alfabeter til at udvikle sig fra det.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Danske_alfabet">Danske alfabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Danske alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Danske alfabet"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Det_dansk-norske_alfabet" title="Det dansk-norske alfabet">Det danske alfabet</a> ser således ud med store blokbogstaver: </p><p><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> <a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> <a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> <a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> <a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> <a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> <a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> <a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%98_(bogstav)" title="Ø (bogstav)">Ø</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%85_(bogstav)" title="Å (bogstav)">Å</a> </p><p>Bogstaverne Æ, Ø og Å kan også skrives: Ae, Oe og Aa. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Det_dansk-norske_alfabet" title="Det dansk-norske alfabet">Det danske alfabet</a> ser således ud med små bogstaver: </p><p><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> <a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a> <a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> <a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> <a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> <a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> <a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> <a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a> <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a> <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%98_(bogstav)" title="Ø (bogstav)">ø</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%85_(bogstav)" title="Å (bogstav)">å</a> </p><p>De små bogstavs varianter af æ, ø og å kan også skrives: ae, oe og aa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfabetisering">Alfabetisering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Alfabetisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabetisering"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der er ofte forskellige regler i forskellige sprog for hvordan man <i>alfabetiserer</i>, det vil sige opstiller ordene i alfabetisk rækkefølge, også selvom sprogene bruger de samme bogstaver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dansk">Dansk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Dansk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Dansk"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På dansk gældende følgende specielle regler: </p> <ul><li><i>Aa</i> skal alfabetiseres som <i>å</i> når det udtales som én vokal uanset om den betegnet en a-lyd eller en å-lyd. Hvis den eneste forskel på to ord er at det ene har å hvor den andet har aa, skal ordet med å stå først af de to ord.</li> <li><i>Aa</i> skal kun alfabetiseres som to a'er når det udtales som særskilte vokaler, det vil sige når de to a'er tilhører hver sin stavelse som for eksempel i ordet <i>ekstraarbejde</i>.</li> <li>Fremmede bogstaver og accenter: <i>Ü</i> alfabetiseres som <i>y</i>, <i>ä</i> som <i>æ</i>, <i>ö</i> som <i>ø</i>, <i>ð</i> som <i>d</i>, <i>þ</i> som <i>th</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">œ</a></i> som <i>oe</i>. Hvis den eneste forskel på to ord er at det ene har et fremmed bogstav hvor den andet har det tilsvarende danske bogstav, skal ordet med det almindelige danske bogstav stå først af de to ord.</li> <li>Ved alfabetisering ses bort fra accenter. For eksempel alfabetiseres <i>é</i>, <i>è</i> og <i>ë</i> som <i>e</i>, og <i>č</i> og <i>ç</i> som <i>c</i>. Hvis den eneste forskel på to ord er, at det ene skrives med accent, mens den andet ikke gør, skal ordet uden accent stå først af de to ord.</li></ul> <p>Kilde: <a href="/wiki/Retskrivningsordbogen" title="Retskrivningsordbogen">Retskrivningsordbogen</a>. </p><p>Frem til 1980 skulle <i>v</i> og <i>w</i> derudover alfabetiseres som samme bogstav - idet <i>w</i> behandledes som en variant af <i>v</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fra bolle-å'ets indførsel i 1948 og frem til 1955 var der tvivl om, hvordan det skulle alfabetiseres. Fra 1952 til 1955 var den officielle politik, at det skulle stå først i alfabetet.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biblioteker">Biblioteker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Biblioteker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Biblioteker"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bibliotekerne har en standard for alfabetisering af bibliografiske indførsler i <a href="/wiki/Katalog" title="Katalog">kataloger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliografi" title="Bibliografi">bibliografier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliografiske_databaser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliografiske databaser (ikke skrevet endnu)">bibliografiske databaser</a> mv. En undertiden overset ting er, at man ser bort fra bestemte og ubestemte artikler som en, et, den, det ved alfabetisering af artikler. En anden er, at man alfabetiserer sammensatte efternavne specielt, f.eks. vægtes mellemnavn over <i>-sen</i> navne. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kat-format.dk/alfaregler.html">Katalogiseringsregler udarbejdet af Det Danske Katalogregeludvalg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ortografiske_særtegn"><span id="Ortografiske_s.C3.A6rtegn"></span>Ortografiske særtegn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Ortografiske særtegn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ortografiske særtegn"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som <b>ortografiske særtegn</b> regnes <i>diakritiske tegn</i>, herunder <a href="/wiki/Accenttegn" class="mw-redirect" title="Accenttegn">accenter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Omlyd" title="Omlyd">omlydstegn</a>, der er tegn knyttet til bogstaver, f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek">ogonek</a>, i modsætning til tegnsætningstegn (komma, punktum etc.). Nogle særtegn har deres oprindelse i den <a href="/wiki/Gotisk_(skrift)" title="Gotisk (skrift)">gotiske skrift</a>, som flere s-former, og f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Islandsk_(sprog)" title="Islandsk (sprog)">islandsk</a> og <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6r%C3%B8sk_(sprog)" title="Færøsk (sprog)">færøsk</a> kender separate bogstaver i deres alfabeter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gotisk_skrift">Gotisk skrift</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Gotisk skrift" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Gotisk skrift"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kaper1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kaper1.gif/220px-Kaper1.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kaper1.gif/330px-Kaper1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kaper1.gif/440px-Kaper1.gif 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Tysk-Dansk=Norsk Haand=Ordbog v/<a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kaper" title="Johannes Kaper">Johannes Kaper</a> 1885. De 2 s-typer bruges forskelligt på dansk og tysk.</figcaption></figure> <p>I Danmark blev den gotiske skrift officielt afskaffet i 1875 og i Sverige i begyndelsen af samme århundrede. Tyskerne kalder den for <i>die deutsche Schrift</i>, selv om i hvert fald Skandinavien også har benyttet den i århundreder i såvel trykt som håndskreven skrift, og også polske, tjekkiske, litauiske og finske skrifter med gotisk skrift findes. I Tyskland blev gotisk skrift anvendt til efter anden verdenskrig. </p><p>Kært barn har mange navne, siger man; og det er rigtigt. Forskellige skriftsnit får af bogtrykkeren forskellige navne, og der er forskelle, som den almindelige mand slet ikke kan følge med i. Her skelnes kun mellem to hovedformer: gotisk skrift og latinsk skrift. </p><p>Den gotiske skrift stammer tilbage til 1200-tallet og er karakteristisk ved sine kantede linjer og meget varierende stregtykkelser. På dansk er trykskriften ofte kaldt »krøllede bogstaver«. Et andet navn er frakturskrift, og selv om det i bogtrykkerfagsprog er en afart af gotisk skrift opstået i 16. århundrede i Tyskland, så er der ingen forskel i forbindelse med de grafiske detaljer, som er omhandlet i denne lille artikel. På engelsk bruges »blackletters« om trykt gotisk skrift og »German hand« om den håndskrevne. </p><p>På grund af dens dystre udseende og forbindelse til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotisk_kultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotisk kultur (ikke skrevet endnu)">gotisk kultur</a> er den gotiske skrift i moderne tid blevet brugt flere gange i kulturen såsom i <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gothic_metal" title="Gothic metal">gothic metal</a>. </p><p>Med <b>»latinsk skrift«</b> henvises til alle de skrifttyper, der i dag er gængse, og som betegnes som »almindelige bogstaver«. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Omlydstegnet_¨"><span id="Omlydstegnet_.C2.A8"></span>Omlydstegnet ¨</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Omlydstegnet ¨" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Omlydstegnet ¨"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Omlyd.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Omlyd.gif/300px-Omlyd.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Omlyd.gif/450px-Omlyd.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Omlyd.gif/600px-Omlyd.gif 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Omlydsprikkerne kommer fra to parallelle streger, der er et stiliseret håndskrevet gotisk <b>e</b> oven over omlydsvokalen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Det er almindeligt kendt, at det tyske <a href="/wiki/Omlyd" title="Omlyd">omlydstegn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umlaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Umlaut">Umlaut</a>, kan erstattes af et efterskrevet e. Hvis man på en skrivemaskine ikke har mulighed for at skrive ä, kan man i stedet skrive ae. I mange år blev tyskerne erindret om denne mulighed, når de fik edb-udskrifter i hænde. Op gennem 70'erne og 80'erne var det almindeligt, at tyske printere kun indeholdt det engelsk/amerikanske tegnsæt, A-Z og a-z (og nogle specialtegn), hvorimod danske printere fik udskiftet tegnene [\]{|} med ÆØÅæøå (i denne rækkefølge). Dette er bemærkelsesværdigt, idet danskerne i øvrigt har været mere tilbøjelige til at tillægge sig engelsk/amerikanske normer end tyskerne. </p><p>Men hvad er forbindelsen mellem e og omlydstegnet <b>¨</b>? Oprindelsen af omlydstegnet skal findes i, at et gotisk håndskrevet e som hovedbestanddel består af to parallelle streger. Et sådant e skrevet over et bogstav blev snart reduceret til to streger, og når disse blev forkortet, blev det til to prikker. </p><p>Faktisk kan man finde en række eksempler i både gotisk og latinsk skrift, hvor omlyden er angivet ved et regelret e over omlydsvokalen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I/J"><span id="I.2FJ"></span>I/J</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: I/J" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: I/J"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ligesom med U og V har der i oldtiden ikke været skelnet mellem <i>I</i> og <i>J</i> i romernes efterladte indskrifter på latin, og brugen af <i>j</i> i latinske ord er sjælden, men forekommer. </p><p>I den trykte gotiske skrift skelnes der ikke mellem <b>I</b> og <b>J</b> som store bogstaver, så når man på tryk så et navn som <i>I. C. Iacobsen</i>, kunne man ikke med sikkerhed vide, om det første I stod for I eller J, så man sagde <i>I. C. Jacobsen</i>, selv om han måske hed <i>Jens Christian</i>. Helt op i nutiden har forfatteren <a href="/wiki/J.P._Jacobsen" title="J.P. Jacobsen">Jens Peter Jacobsen</a> været kendt som <b>I. P. Jacobsen</b>, og flere andre eksempler kunne nævnes. </p><p>Kryds- og tværsløsere ved også, at man i krydsord ofte bruger I for både I og J. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ø-/ö-former"><span id=".C3.B8-.2F.C3.B6-former"></span>ø-/ö-former</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: ø-/ö-former" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: ø-/ö-former"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hanebog1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Hanebog1.gif" decoding="async" width="310" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="152" /></a><figcaption>Udsnit fra: Hanebogen. Læsebog med Billeder 1. Del udgivet af Julie Heins. København 1890. Der skelnes mellem <b>ø</b> og <b>ö</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Efter retskrivningen i 1800-tallet skelnedes der mellem to ø'er i dansk, nemlig <b>ø</b> og <b>ö</b>. I ABC'er frem til 1900 står der öm med ö, fordi det er et åbent ø. I hø, sø og tø er der ø, fordi ø skal udtales lukket. </p><p><b>Hvad gör hunden? Den gør.</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gotiske_s-former">Gotiske s-former</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Gotiske s-former" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Gotiske s-former"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nissen-s.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nissen-s.gif/300px-Nissen-s.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nissen-s.gif/450px-Nissen-s.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nissen-s.gif/600px-Nissen-s.gif 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption>På dansk skrives det korte s i slutningen af en stavelse, på tysk kun i slutningen af et helt ord.</figcaption></figure> <p>Et stort S kan have forskelligt udseende afhængig af skriftsnittet. Det er rent typografisk betinget, uden at der er nogen forskel. Men der er to forskellige små s'er. Det ene ligner det almindelige latinske s (til forskel betegnet som »kort s« uden at dette må tillægges nogen fonetisk betydning). Det andet har i ethvert givet skriftsnit et udseende som et f uden tværstreg (betegnet som »langt s«). Der er forskel på anvendelsen i dansk og i tysk. På dansk anvendes »kort s«, når det er sidste bogstav i stavelser og ord, og andre steder bruges »langt s«. </p><p>På tysk bruges »kort s« kun som sidste bogstav i et ord. Det er samme regel, som gælder for de to s-former, der findes på græsk. </p><p>Det tyske »dobbelt-s«, ß, kan i dag transskriberes til ss, men tidligere transskriberedes det til sz, hvilket også er oprindelsen, en ligatur af gotisk »langt s« og z. I det tysksprogede Schweiz bruges altid kun ss. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latinske_s-former">Latinske s-former</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigér afsnit: Latinske s-former" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Latinske s-former"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Letter_h-s.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Letter_h-s.gif/50px-Letter_h-s.gif" decoding="async" width="50" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Letter_h-s.gif/75px-Letter_h-s.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Letter_h-s.gif/100px-Letter_h-s.gif 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="147" /></a><figcaption>Gotisk <b>h</b> og latinsk <b>s</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Almindeligvis kender vi i latinsk skrift kun ét lille s. Det »lange s« med udseende som f uden tværstreg kan imidlertid godt findes. Det nyeste eksempel, jeg kender, er i min 7. udgave af Der Sprach-Brockhaus (Wiesbaden 1967). I håndskreven udgave ser det lange latinske s ligesådan ud som et håndskrevet gotisk h. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U/V"><span id="U.2FV"></span>U/V</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigér afsnit: U/V" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: U/V"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De gamle romere, hvis sprog var latin, skelnede ikke mellem <i>U</i> og <i>V</i>, så i indskrifter indhugget i sten finder man <b>V</b> brugt for både u- og v-lyden, fordi V var lettere at hugge end U. I middelalderens latinske skrifter trænger efterhånden en skelnen mellem <i>u</i> og <i>v</i> igennem nogle steder, men med forskel. I den angelsaksiske verden har man i latinsksprogede skrifter i stor udstrækning brugt <b>u</b> for både u og v, mens vi har været vant til en skelnen mellem <i>u</i> og <i>v</i> undtagen efter g og q, hvor der mest bruges <i>u</i>, selv om det udtales som <i>v</i>, f .eks. i ord som anguis og quis. </p><p>W var ikke med i tidligere danske alfabeter (se figurer nedenfor), idet bogstavet ansås for blot at være en variant af V, fx i navne som Walter (Valter). Den danske udtale er ens af de to bogstaver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geminationsstreg">Geminationsstreg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigér afsnit: Geminationsstreg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Geminationsstreg"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gemination.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gemination.gif/220px-Gemination.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gemination.gif/330px-Gemination.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Gemination.gif 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="53" /></a><figcaption>En konsonant med en streg over skal fordobles.</figcaption></figure> <p>En streg sat over en konsonant angiver, at tegnet skal fordobles. Gemination betyder fordobling og er sprogligt i familie med det latinske ord gemini = tvillinger. Geminationsstregen er gået af brug, men findes i gamle håndskrifter og til tider også på skilte. Hvis der i ordet <i>samen</i> skrives en vandret streg over m'et, skal det læses som <i>sammen</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Udtale">Udtale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigér afsnit: Udtale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Udtale"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Udtalen af c</b> var i klassisk latin som <i>k</i> overalt, men i middelalderlatin ændredes udtalen til <i>s</i>, når 'c' stod foran en fortungevokal, og samme udtaleregel gælder i dag i dansk, tysk, fransk, engelsk og en række andre sprog. </p><p><b>C</b> udtales som <i>s</i> foran en fortungevokal (e, i, y, æ, ø, å), f.eks. celle, citron, cykel, Cæsar, cølibat. </p><p><b>C</b> udtales som <i>k</i> foran en bagtungevokal (a, o, u), foran de fleste konsonanter og i udlyd, f.eks. Carl, container, curler, clever, crepe og sidste 'c' i choc (men <i>ch</i> udtales som hvislelyd: /ʃok/). </p> <hr /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hanebog2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Hanebog2.gif" decoding="async" width="582" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>Latinsk alfabet fra ABC 1890</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hanebog3.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Hanebog3.gif" decoding="async" width="638" height="954" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>Gotisk alfabet fra samme ABC 1890</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:45px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/75px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/100px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;">Se <a href="https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/Forside" class="extiw" title="wikt:Forside">Wiktionarys</a> definition på ordet: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://da.wiktionary.org/wiki/alfabet" class="extiw" title="wikt:alfabet">alfabet</a></b></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Alfabeter tilknyttet bestemte sprog: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6ske_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Græske alfabet">Græske alfabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>, det <a href="/wiki/Koreansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreansk">koreanske</a> alfabet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrilliske_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrilliske alfabet">Kyrilliske alfabet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrillisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrillisk">Kyrillisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runealfabet" title="Runealfabet">Runealfabetet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futhark" class="mw-redirect" title="Futhark">futhark</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitiske_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitiske alfabet">Glagolitiske alfabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nikiske_alfabet" title="Fønikiske alfabet">Fønikiske alfabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret-alfabetet" title="Deseret-alfabetet">Deseret-alfabetet</a> - alternativt fonetisk tilpasset alfabet til det engelske sprog, udviklet omkring 1854</li></ul> <p>Alfabeter til specielle formål: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Det_internationale_fonetiske_alfabet" title="Det internationale fonetiske alfabet">Det internationale fonetiske alfabet</a> (bruges i f.eks. ordbøger til at beskrive hvordan ordene udtales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsealfabetet" class="mw-redirect" title="Morsealfabetet">Morsealfabetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO%27s_fonetiske_alfabet" title="NATO's fonetiske alfabet">NATO's fonetiske alfabet</a> (der sætter "navne" på hvert bogstav, til brug i f.eks. radiosamtaler)</li></ul> <p>Forskellige europæiske sprogs alfabetiseringsregler og mulig implementering på computer: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rostra.dk/alphabet/alpha_dt.htm">Alphabetisierung auf Computer</a> God oversigt over alfabetiseringsdetaljer.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konsonantalfabet" title="Konsonantalfabet">Konsonantalfabet</a> - et skriftsystem, der har ét tegn per konsonantisk fonem, dvs. at kun konsonanterne noteres</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> - et skriftsystem bestående af tegn, der hver betegner en konsonant med en indbygget "standardvokal"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752089">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latinske_bogstaver" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Latinske_bogstaver" title="Skabelon:Latinske bogstaver"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/wiki/Skabelondiskussion:Latinske_bogstaver" title="Skabelondiskussion:Latinske bogstaver"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Latinske_bogstaver" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Latinske bogstaver"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latinske_bogstaver" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Latinske <a href="/wiki/Bogstav" title="Bogstav">bogstaver</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Det danske <a class="mw-selflink selflink">alfabet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Ææ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98_(bogstav)" title="Ø (bogstav)">Øø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85_(bogstav)" title="Å (bogstav)">Åå</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andre europæiske bogstaver</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">Àà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Áá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ââ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ää</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ãã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80" title="Ā">Āā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">Ąą</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ăă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C7%8D" title="Ǎ">Ǎǎ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">Çç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%88" title="Ĉ">Ĉĉ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Č (ikke skrevet endnu)">Čč</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ć (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ćć</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch" title="Ch">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" title="Ð">Ðð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" title="Ð">Ðđ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ď (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ďď</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DZ_(bogstav)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DZ (bogstav) (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ǳǳ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ǅ (ikke skrevet endnu)">ǅǆ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%88" title="È">Èè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">Éé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ê (ikke skrevet endnu)">Êê</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ë (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ëë</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ę (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ęę</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ē (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ēē</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĕ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ĕĕ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ė (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ėė</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ě (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ěě</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĝ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ĝĝ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ">Ğğ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ġ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ġġ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ģ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ģģ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǧ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ǧǧ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĥ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ĥĥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ħ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ħħ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ì (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ìì</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Í (ikke skrevet endnu)">Íí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8E" title="Î">Îî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">Ïï</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Į (ikke skrevet endnu)">Įį</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İ (ikke skrevet endnu)">İı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĩ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ĩĩ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ī (ikke skrevet endnu)">Īī</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĭ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ĭĭ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĵ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ĵĵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ķ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ķķ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǩ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ǩǩ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ĺ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ĺĺ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ļ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ļļ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ľ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ľľ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŀ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŀŀ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81" title="Ł">Łł</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ń (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ńń</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ņ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ņņ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ññ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ň (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ňň</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ò (ikke skrevet endnu)">Òò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">Óó</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ô (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ôô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Öö</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Õ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Õõ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ő (ikke skrevet endnu)">Őő</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǫ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ǫǫ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ō (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ōō</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŏ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŏŏ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C6%A0" title="Ơ">Ơơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%94" title="Ŕ">Ŕŕ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŗ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŗŗ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ř (ikke skrevet endnu)">Řř</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ś (ikke skrevet endnu)">Śś</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŝ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŝŝ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E" title="Ş">Şş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98" title="Ș">Șș</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Š (ikke skrevet endnu)">Šš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%9E" title="ẞ">ẞß</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ť (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ťť</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŧ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŧŧ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ţ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ţţ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ț (ikke skrevet endnu)">Țț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" title="Þ">Þþ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%99" title="Ù">Ùù</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ú (ikke skrevet endnu)">Úú</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Û (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ûû</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">Üü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ũ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ũũ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ū (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ūū</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŭ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŭŭ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ų (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ųų</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ů (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ůů</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ű (ikke skrevet endnu)">Űű</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ƿ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ƿƿ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȝ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ȝȝ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C6%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ư (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ưư</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŵ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŵŵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ý (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ýý</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ŷ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ŷŷ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ÿ (ikke skrevet endnu)">Ÿÿ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ź (ikke skrevet endnu)">Źź</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ž (ikke skrevet endnu)">Žž</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ż (ikke skrevet endnu)">Żż</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Det_gr%C3%A6ske_alfabet" title="Det græske alfabet">Det græske alfabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegns%C3%A6tning" title="Tegnsætning">Tegnsætning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Franz Blatt: Alfabetets historia. Albert Bonniers Forlag, Stockholm 1945.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencer">Referencer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigér afsnit: Referencer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Referencer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLynn,_Bernadette2004" class="citation web cs1">Lynn, Bernadette (2004-04-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2451890">"The Development of the Western Alphabet"</a>. <i>h2g2</i>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet <span class="nowrap">2008-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=h2g2&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+the+Western+Alphabet&rft.date=2004-04-08&rft.au=Lynn%2C+Bernadette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fdna%2Fh2g2%2FA2451890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AAlfabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibalex.org/learnhieroglyphs/lesson/LessonDetails_En.aspx?l=54#:~:text=Uniliteral%20signs%20are%20the%20most,They%20represent%20a%20single%20sound.">"Uniliteral Signs"</a>. <i>www.bibalex.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet <span class="nowrap">2023-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bibalex.org&rft.atitle=Uniliteral+Signs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibalex.org%2Flearnhieroglyphs%2Flesson%2FLessonDetails_En.aspx%3Fl%3D54%23%3A~%3Atext%3DUniliteral%2520signs%2520are%2520the%2520most%2CThey%2520represent%2520a%2520single%2520sound.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AAlfabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniels-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Daniels_3-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDanielsBright1996">Daniels & Bright 1996</a>, s. 74–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2010" class="citation book cs1">Allen, James P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lF78Max-h8MC&pg=PA8"><i>Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs</i></a> (2nd revised udgave). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-1139486354" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-1139486354"><bdi>978-1139486354</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Language+and+Culture+of+Hieroglyphs&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1139486354&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlF78Max-h8MC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AAlfabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houston-2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Houston-2003_5-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFHoustonBainesCooper2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Houston, Stephen; Baines, John; Cooper, Jerrold (juli 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240102100546/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/abs/last-writing-script-obsolescence-in-egypt-mesopotamia-and-mesoamerica/D9722CE8975BE16A71729D2DF555F036">"Last Writing: Script Obsolescence in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica"</a>. <i>Comparative Studies in Society and History</i> (engelsk). <b>45</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0010417503000227">10.1017/S0010417503000227</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4175">0010-4175</a>. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145542213">145542213</a>. Arkiveret fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0010417503000227">originalen</a> 2. januar 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mouton De Gruyter. s. 85. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-3110609691" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-3110609691"><bdi>978-3110609691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+History%2C+Language+Change%2C+and+Language+Relationship%3A+An+Introduction+to+Historical+and+Comparative+Linguistics&rft.pages=85&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Mouton+De+Gruyter&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3110609691&rft.aulast=Hock&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AAlfabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFVentrisChadwick2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ventris, Micheal; Chadwick, John (2015). <i>Documents in Mycenaean Greek: Three Hundred Selected Tablets from Knossos, Pylos and Mycenae with Commentary and Vocabulary</i> (engelsk) (Reprinted udgave). Cambridge University Press. s. 60. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-1107503410" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-1107503410"><bdi>978-1107503410</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+in+Mycenaean+Greek%3A+Three+Hundred+Selected+Tablets+from+Knossos%2C+Pylos+and+Mycenae+with+Commentary+and+Vocabulary&rft.pages=60&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1107503410&rft.aulast=Ventris&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AAlfabet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150425150218/http://www.informationsordbogen.dk/concept_comment.php?cid=38">"Informationsordbogen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Det_Informationsvidenskabelige_Akademi" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi">Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi</a>. 2011-2012. 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