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Alzheimer's Disease Prevention
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <head> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://p.typekit.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://js.trendmd.com" /><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1" /><title> Alzheimer's Disease Prevention </title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.news-medical.net/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx" /> <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://www.news-medical.net/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx" /> <meta itemprop="description" content="Alzheimer’s disease (AD) afflicts millions of older people the world over, causing functional impairment, loss of time, reduced productivity and immense economic hardship. It also results in great mental and emotional loss to the patient, caregivers, and society at large. While millions of dollars have been put into Alzheimer’s research, the cause of this condition is still unclear." /> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2018-06-19T21:09:00-04:00" /> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2019-07-31T22:11:00-04:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NewsMedical" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Alzheimer's Disease Prevention" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Alzheimer’s disease (AD) afflicts millions of older people the world over, causing functional impairment, loss of time, reduced productivity and immense economic hardship. It also results in great mental and emotional loss to the patient, caregivers, and society at large. While millions of dollars have been put into Alzheimer’s research, the cause of this condition is still unclear." /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Alzheimer's Disease Prevention" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Alzheimer’s disease (AD) afflicts millions of older people the world over, causing functional impairment, loss of time, reduced productivity and immense economic hardship. It also results in great mental and emotional loss to the patient, caregivers, and society at large. 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</a> </li> <li class="pinterest no-count"> <a href="http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.news-medical.net%2fhealth%2fAlzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx" title="Pinterest" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-pinterest"></div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="email no-count"> <a href="#" onclick="return Azom.displayShareViaEmail();" title="Email" target="_blank"> <div class="share-wrapper"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-envelop"></div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item-body content-item-body"> <div class="h1-wrap"> <h1 itemprop="headline">Alzheimer's Disease Prevention</h1> </div> <div class="in-content-ctas-container in-content-ctas-container-top"> <div class="in-content-ctas in-content-ctas-top cta-btns-cols-1"> <ul> <li class="cta-printpdf"><a href="#" class="request-pdf-download" onclick="return false;"><span class="cta-text"><span>Download</span> <span>PDF Copy</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText" itemprop="articleBody" class="clearfix"><div id="mobile-top-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-leaderboard-320"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-top-leaderboard' style='width:320px; min-height:65px; text-align: center;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileTopLeaderboard) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-top-leaderboard'); }); } </script> </div> </div><div class="article-meta article-meta-byline article-meta-with-photo article-meta-author-and-reviewer" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span class="article-meta-photo-wrap"><img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/pics/team2/liji-thomas.jpg" alt="Dr. Liji Thomas, MD" itemprop="image" class="article-meta-photo" /></span><span class="article-meta-contents"><span class="article-meta-left"><span class="article-meta-author">By <a href="/medical/authors/liji-thomas" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="name">Dr. Liji Thomas, MD</span></a></span><span class="article-meta-reviewer">Reviewed by <a href="/medical/authors/lois-zoppi">Lois Zoppi, B.A.</a></span></span></span></div> <p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) afflicts millions of older people the world over, causing functional impairment, loss of time, reduced productivity and immense economic hardship. It also results in great mental and emotional loss to the patient, caregivers, and society at large. While millions of dollars have been put into Alzheimer’s research, the cause of this condition is still unclear.</p> <p>The brain in AD shows the presence of characteristic beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles outside and inside the neurons respectively, which are always accompanied by the loss of neurons and rich synaptic connections. Many different intervention strategies have been devised using available knowledge about vascular etiology and lifestyle factors to prevent late-onset AD (LOAD), while many pharmacological interventions are aimed at preventing early-onset AD.</p> <div class="contentImage" style="width:673px;"><span itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><img alt="Alzheimer" height="474" src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg" srcset="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20180619091517/ri/673/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg 673w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20180619091517/ri/650/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg 650w, https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20180619091517/ri/450/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg 450w" sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 673px, (min-width: 1090px) 667px, (min-width: 992px) calc(66.6vw - 60px), (min-width: 713px) 673px, (min-width: 480px) calc(100vw - 40px), calc(100vw - 30px)" title="Alzheimer" width="673" /><meta itemprop="url" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="673" /><meta itemprop="height" content="474" /><meta itemprop="caption" content="Alzheimer's Disease Prevention" /><span itemprop="thumbnail" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image-handler/ts/20180619091517/ri/200/picture/2018/6/shutterstock_693425179.jpg" /><meta itemprop="width" content="200" /><meta itemprop="height" content="141" /></span></span> <div class="imageCaption"><em>Alzheimer's disease MRI. Image Credit: Atthapon Raksthaput / Shutterstock</em></div> </div> <h2>Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Prophylaxis</h2> <p>Risk factors for AD are classified as:</p> <ul> <li>Vascular, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, cardiovascular disease and stroke.</li> <li>Nutritional, such as omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fats, antioxidants, vitamins and low-scale alcoholic consumption, and special diets such as the Mediterranean diet.</li> <li>Lifestyle factors such as psychosocial stress, loneliness, depression, sedentary lifestyle, lack of cognitive and social stimulation.</li> </ul> <p>These are called modifiable risk factors because they can be changed by the patient, unlike genetic factors.</p> <!-- video lazy load begin 001 --><div id="ytp-12611a0595234c2a81a2b7d4daba2f8a" class="video-lazy-load azo-yt-player" style="background-image:url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/twG4mr6Jov0/maxresdefault.jpg);padding-top:56.25%;" data-video-url="https://www.youtube.com/embed/twG4mr6Jov0?enablejsapi=1" data-orig-embed-width="560" data-orig-embed-height="315"><span class="video-lazy-load-title">What You Can Do to Prevent Alzheimer's | Lisa Genova | TED</span><button><i class="icon-play3"></i><span>Play</span></button></div><!-- video lazy load end 001 --> <h2>Preventive Action</h2> <h3>Lifestyle factors</h3> <p><em><strong>Socialization</strong></em></p> <p>The chances of AD are lower in individuals who spend time with others, make new friends, have close relationships, and exercise regularly. It is also important to do things that provide social and intellectual stimulation, heighten memory skills, or encourage thinking.</p> <p><em><strong>Mental activity</strong></em></p> <p>Mental challenges such as learning a new game, a new language, a new skill or taking up a new activity are useful in preventing neuronal degeneration, and in fact increase the density of nerve cells and improve neuroplasticity.</p> <p><em><strong>Exercise</strong></em></p><div id="mobile-middle-mrec-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-mrec"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-middle-mrec' style='width:300px; height:250px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileMiddleMrec) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-middle-mrec'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <!-- end mobile middle mrec --> <p>Aerobic exercise increases neuronal blood flow and thus brain health, besides improving cardiovascular health. The most significant change may be in hippocampal neurons which control learning, and could be because of three changes:</p> <ul> <li>The production of chemicals that encourage synaptic growth and so promote neuroplasticity. These include well-known trophic factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), nerve growth factor, and <a href="/life-sciences/What-is-VEGF.aspx" class="linked-term">vascular endothelial growth factor</a> (VEGF).</li> <li>Decreased activity of free radicals in the hippocampus with increased protective activity of superoxide dismutase and eNOS.</li> <li>Efferent messages which increase neural network activity in response to hunger and energy restriction.</li> </ul> <h2>Nutritional Factors</h2> <p><em><strong>Vitamins</strong></em></p> <p>Vitamin B complex is essential for normal neural metabolism, while vitamin D also improves cognition. Both of these may help prevent AD.</p> <p><em><strong>Resveratrol </strong></em></p> <p>A glass or two of red wine yields polyphenols such as resveratrol which are also protective, but excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of AD. Other possibly protective molecules include glucosamine, omega-3 fatty acids, and carotenoids which have potent antioxidant activity. Resveratrol is also found in peanuts, red grapes and berries and has a range of bioactive effects, including antioxidant, <a href="https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Does-Inflammation-Do-to-the-Body.aspx#3" class="linked-term">anti-inflammatory</a>, cardioprotective, cancer-protective and vasodilator activity. In the brain, it has several important effects:</p> <div id="trendmd-conditional-suggestions" class="related-content-embed"></div><div class="related-content-embed related-stories-embed"><h3>Related Stories</h3><ul><li><a href="/news/20250220/Blood-test-for-Alzheimere28099s-could-replace-costly-and-invasive-spinal-taps.aspx">Blood test for Alzheimer’s could replace costly and invasive spinal taps</a></li><li><a href="/news/20250213/Breakthrough-discovery-reveals-key-role-of-ovoid-cells-in-object-recognition-memory.aspx">Breakthrough discovery reveals key role of ovoid cells in object recognition memory</a></li><li><a href="/news/20250217/Lecanemab-and-donanemab-slow-Alzheimere28099s-decline-but-is-the-benefit-worth-the-cost.aspx">Lecanemab and donanemab slow Alzheimer’s decline, but is the benefit worth the cost?</a></li></ul></div><ul> <li>It modulates several transcription factors.</li> <li>It reduces the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as nf-κb even after exposure to aβ.</li> <li>It regulates fatty acid oxidation by activating sirtuin, and especially sirt1 which also protects against neural apoptosis and ensures proper mitochondrial metabolism</li> </ul> <p><em><strong>Phytochemicals</strong></em></p> <p>Phytochemicals in general may protect against cognitive degeneration, such as flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Among these, flavonoids are known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (and so increasing the amount of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain) while enhancing memory function and reducing the release of glutamate. Luteolin is a flavonoid which is a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule and also inhibits microglial proliferation, as well as inhibiting several metabolic signals such as intracellular calcium and STAT3.</p> <p><em><strong>Antioxidants</strong></em></p> <p>Antioxidants produce multiple benefits, such as protecting membrane lipids against oxidation, preventing protein carbonylation and reducing damage to DNA, while modulating stress-responsive pathways. Wheatgerm, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and green leafy vegetables all contain abundant tocoferols which are a strong antioxidant.</p> <p><em><strong>Mediterranean Diet</strong></em></p><div id="mobile-bottom-mrec-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-mrec"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-bottom-mrec' style='width:300px; height:250px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileBottomMrec) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-bottom-mrec'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <p>The Mediterranean diet may be protective against AD. It has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects because of the low saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio. These fats also enhance endothelial function and stabilize the neuronal membrane, improving brain function and preventing cognitive deterioration. The diet also puts emphasis on fish, pulses, vegetables and fruits with olive oil. Plant polyphenols such as oleuropein aglycone act in multiple ways:</p> <ul> <li>They reduce the aggregation of amyloid.</li> <li>Decrease serum LDL.</li> <li>Antagonize the metabolic dysfunction seen <a href="/health/What-is-Metabolic-Syndrome.aspx" class="linked-term">with the metabolic syndrome</a> diabetes, obesity and fatty liver associated with excessive fat intake.</li> <li>Reduces the expression of a number of transcription factors that promote fat deposition.</li> </ul> <p>The omega-3 fatty acid content of this diet may improve synaptic function and neuroplasticity. It also reduces general inflammation and serum lipid levels, and inhibits platelet aggregation.</p> <p><em><strong>Asiatic diet</strong></em></p> <p>An Asian-type diet is also recommended because of the increased intake of protective phytochemicals in green tea, ginger, turmeric and other spices and herbs used for flavoring. These prevent memory loss and strongly oppose the formation of Aβ aggregates.</p> <p>The typical Western diet has excessive caloric content, comprising processed foods, a lot of meat, and a lot of refined sugar and saturated fat, and thus it may be a potential risk factor for dementia. Such foods produce oxidative stress and promote Aβ accumulation, thus counteracting the protective effects of herbal and vitamin supplements. Restricting caloric intake helps to slow down neuronal aging, enhance neurogenesis and neural plasticity.</p> <h2>Probiotics</h2> <p>Probiotics can prevent the release of proinflammatory cytokines that occurs with age-related alterations in the gut bacteria. Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. plantarum, and Clostridium butyricum are some of the probiotics being studied for their role in preventing AD.</p> <ul> <li>They act on the gut-brain axis and possibly prevent or modulate neural inflammation.</li> <li>They produce several beneficial compounds by fermenting undigested carbohydrate residues in the bowel, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionic acid and butyric acid, IL-10, and increased levels of certain monoamines which act as neurotransmitters.</li> <li>They also protect the intestinal mucosa from breaches by epithelial cell activation and prevent harmful bacteria from gaining access through the mucosal barrier.</li> </ul> <h2>Pharmaceutical Intervention</h2> <p>Vascular disease should be managed properly with treatment of hyperlipidemia and other endothelial conditions. Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease is sometimes due to the inheritance of two copies of the APOE ɛ4 gene, and in this group 60% develop AD by the age of 85 in contrast to the 10-15% seen in people without these genes. Two novel drugs are being tested, one of which attacks Aβ indirectly by stimulating the immune response against it. The other prevents the formation of Aβ from a normal protein.</p> <p>Other drugs are being tested in people with a positive family history, brain Aβ deposits or a mutation associated with early-onset AD.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>A multifactorial approach should be taken in the prevention of AD, combining pharmacological management with several nonpharmacological interventions. The long 10-20 year prodromal phase should be targeted for sustained preventive efforts to see significant results in AD prevention.</p> <div class="health-content-sources"><h2>Sources</h2><ul> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202787/" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202787/</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4980501/" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4980501/</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447057/" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447057/</a></li> <li><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057606" rel="noopener">journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057606</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/people-genetic-risk-alzheimers-disease-test-prevention-drugs" rel="noopener">www.nia.nih.gov/.../people-genetic-risk-alzheimers-disease-test-prevention-drugs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181917/#__sec1title" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181917/#__sec1title</a></li> </ul></div><h2>Further Reading</h2><ul class="further-reading-list"><li><a href="/?tag=/Alzheimers-Disease">All Alzheimer's Disease Content</a></li><li><a href="/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Definition-Causes-Diagnosis-Treatment.aspx">Alzheimer’s Disease | Definition, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment</a></li><li><a href="/health/Explaining-Alzheimers-to-Children.aspx">Explaining Alzheimer's to Children</a></li><li><a href="/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Causes.aspx">Alzheimer's Disease Causes</a></li><li><a href="/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Symptoms.aspx">Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms</a></li></ul><div id="further-reading-link"><a data-current-relative-link="/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx" data-further-reading-tags="Alzheimer's Disease" href="#" onclick="return Azom.getFurtherReadingLinks(this);">More...</a></div> <script type='text/javascript'> $(function() { Azom.wireUpVideoThumbnailLazyLoading(); }); </script> <div id="mobile-bottom-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-leaderboard-320"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-bottom-leaderboard' style='width:320px; min-height:50px; text-align: center;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileBottomLeaderboard) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-bottom-leaderboard'); }); } </script> </div> </div></div> <p class='updated-dates'> Last Updated: Jul 31, 2019 </p> </div> <div class="ratingcontainer" style="visibility:hidden" data-id="ae8210a1-5fda-4921-be48-91d1494e23b7" data-raters="1" data-rating="5.0" data-page-location="BottomOfContent"></div> <div class="row author-bio-section-thumbnail" data-author-slug="liji-thomas"><div class="authorImage col-xs-12 col-md-2"><img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/pics/team2/liji-thomas.jpg" alt="Dr. Liji Thomas"/></div><div class="authorInfo col-xs-12 col-md-10"><p>Written by</p><h3><a href="https://www.news-medical.net/medical/authors/liji-thomas">Dr. Liji Thomas</a></h3><p>Dr. Liji Thomas is an OB-GYN, who graduated from the Government Medical College, University of Calicut, Kerala, in 2001. Liji practiced as a full-time consultant in obstetrics/gynecology in a private hospital for a few years following her graduation. She has counseled hundreds of patients facing issues from pregnancy-related problems and infertility, and has been in charge of over 2,000 deliveries, striving always to achieve a normal delivery rather than operative.</p></div></div> <div class="in-content-ctas-container in-content-ctas-container-bottom"> <div class="in-content-ctas in-content-ctas-bottom cta-btns-cols-1"> <ul> <li class="cta-printpdf"><a href="#" class="request-pdf-download" onclick="return false;"><span class="cta-text"><span>Download</span> <span>PDF Copy</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="csi-590-80-wrap"> <ins class="adsbygoogle csi-590-80 sponsorer-note-bottom-2" style="display:inline-block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8430344808469242" data-ad-slot="6986242780"></ins> </div> <div style="display:none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/themes/Standard/images/amp_site_logo.jpg" /> <meta itemprop="width" content="600" /> <meta itemprop="height" content="56" /> </div> <meta itemprop="name" content="News-Medical" /> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/" /> </div> </div> <div class="content-citations-wrapper"><h2><a href="#" onclick="return Azom.showContentCitations(this);">Citations <span class="icon-circle-down"></span></a></h2><div class="content-citations-section"><p>Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:</p><ul class="citation-list"><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">APA</p><p>Thomas, Liji. (2019, July 31). Alzheimer's Disease Prevention. News-Medical. Retrieved on March 03, 2025 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx.</p></li><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">MLA</p><p>Thomas, Liji. "Alzheimer's Disease Prevention". <em>News-Medical</em>. 03 March 2025. <https://www.news-medical.net/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx>.</p></li><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">Chicago</p><p>Thomas, Liji. "Alzheimer's Disease Prevention". News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Alzheimers-Disease-Prevention.aspx. (accessed March 03, 2025).</p></li><li class="citation-item"><p class="citation-format">Harvard</p><p>Thomas, Liji. 2019. <em>Alzheimer's Disease Prevention</em>. 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