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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Casting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Filming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Release </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Release subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ownership_and_copyright_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership_and_copyright_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Ownership and copyright issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership_and_copyright_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colorization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colorization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Colorization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colorization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Home media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Home media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VHS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VHS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 VHS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VHS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technological_first:_CD-ROM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technological_first:_CD-ROM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Technological first: CD-ROM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technological_first:_CD-ROM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DVD_and_Blu-ray" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DVD_and_Blu-ray"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 DVD and Blu-ray </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DVD_and_Blu-ray-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Restoration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4K_Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4K_Ultra_HD_Blu-ray"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4K_Ultra_HD_Blu-ray-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_in_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_in_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Adaptations in other media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations_in_other_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adaptations in other media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_in_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Remakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sequel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Sequel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelled_Sequel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelled_Sequel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Cancelled Sequel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancelled_Sequel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_remake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_remake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Modern remake </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_remake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sesame_Street_urban_legend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sesame_Street_urban_legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sesame Street urban legend </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sesame_Street_urban_legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stephan's_Quintet_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stephan's_Quintet_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Stephan's Quintet usage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stephan's_Quintet_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">It's a Wonderful Life</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="إنها حياة رائعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنها حياة رائعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A8_%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A7" title="Կեանքը Հիանալի է – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կեանքը Հիանալի է" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%86%D1%91" title="Гэтае цудоўнае жыццё – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гэтае цудоўнае жыццё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%91" title="Гэтае цудоўнае жыцьцё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гэтае цудоўнае жыцьцё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC,_1946)" title="Животът е прекрасен (филм, 1946) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Животът е прекрасен (филм, 1946)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divan_%C5%BEivot" title="Divan život – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Divan život" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Que_bonic_que_%C3%A9s_viure" title="Que bonic que és viure – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Que bonic que és viure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot_je_kr%C3%A1sn%C3%BD_(film,_1946)" title="Život je krásný (film, 1946) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Život je krásný (film, 1946)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_er_herligt_at_leve" title="Det er herligt at leve – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det er herligt at leve" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist_das_Leben_nicht_sch%C3%B6n%3F" title="Ist das Leben nicht schön? – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ist das Leben nicht schön?" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B7_%CE%96%CF%89%CE%AE" title="Μια Υπέροχη Ζωή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μια Υπέροχη Ζωή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9_bello_es_vivir" title="Qué bello es vivir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Qué bello es vivir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="چه زندگی شگفت‌انگیزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چه زندگی شگفت‌انگیزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_vie_est_belle_(film,_1946)" title="La vie est belle (film, 1946) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La vie est belle (film, 1946)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Que_fermoso_%C3%A9_vivir" title="Que fermoso é vivir – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Que fermoso é vivir" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%8B%EC%A7%84_%EC%9D%B8%EC%83%9D" title="멋진 인생 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멋진 인생" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%BD_%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A8" title="Այս հրաշալի կյանքը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այս հրաշալի կյանքը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divan_%C5%BEivot" title="Divan život – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Divan život" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_vita_%C3%A8_meravigliosa" title="La vita è meravigliosa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La vita è meravigliosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אלו חיים נפלאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלו חיים נפלאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_(1946_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="ეს მშვენიერი ცხოვრება (1946 წლის ფილმი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეს მშვენიერი ცხოვრება (1946 წლის ფილმი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%ABni%C5%A1%C4%B7%C4%81_dz%C4%ABve" title="Brīnišķā dzīve – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brīnišķā dzīve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_%C3%A9let_csodasz%C3%A9p" title="Az élet csodaszép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az élet csodaszép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%B4_1946)" title="Животот е прекрасен (филм од 1946) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Животот е прекрасен (филм од 1946)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D9%87" title="انها حياه رائعه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انها حياه رائعه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E6%99%B4%E3%82%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%8D%E5%93%89%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F!" title="素晴らしき哉、人生! – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="素晴らしき哉、人生!" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livet_er_vidunderlig" title="Livet er vidunderlig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Livet er vidunderlig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_wspania%C5%82e_%C5%BCycie" title="To wspaniałe życie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="To wspaniałe życie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_via%C8%9B%C4%83_minunat%C4%83" title="O viață minunată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="O viață minunată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Эта замечательная жизнь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эта замечательная жизнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot_je_kr%C3%A1sny_(film,_1946)" title="Život je krásny (film, 1946) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Život je krásny (film, 1946)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Диван живот – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Диван живот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihmeellinen_on_el%C3%A4m%C3%A4" title="Ihmeellinen on elämä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihmeellinen on elämä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livet_%C3%A4r_underbart_(film,_1946)" title="Livet är underbart (film, 1946) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Livet är underbart (film, 1946)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="இட்ஸ் எ ஒன்டர்புல் லைப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இட்ஸ் எ ஒன்டர்புல் லைப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8E_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇట్స్ ఎ వండ్రఫుల్ లైఫ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇట్స్ ఎ వండ్రఫుల్ లైఫ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%8C" title="อิตส์อะวันเดอร์ฟูลไลฟ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิตส์อะวันเดอร์ฟูลไลฟ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eahane_Hayat" title="Şahane Hayat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şahane Hayat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Це дивовижне життя – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Це дивовижне життя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%92_%D9%88%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81" title="اٹس اے ونڈر فل لائف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اٹس اے ونڈر فل لائف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="It's a Wonderful Life" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%B2%A0%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E9%A0%AD" title="莫負少年頭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莫負少年頭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%9B%B2%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="風雲人物 (電影) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="風雲人物 (電影)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204191#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="It's a Wonderful Life (disambiguation)">It's a Wonderful Life (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">It's a Wonderful Life</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_(1946_poster).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%281946_poster%29.jpeg/220px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%281946_poster%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%281946_poster%29.jpeg/330px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%281946_poster%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%281946_poster%29.jpeg/440px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%281946_poster%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="3000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Goodrich" title="Frances Goodrich">Frances Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hackett" title="Albert Hackett">Albert Hackett</a></li> <li>Frank Capra</li> <li>Additional scenes:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swerling" title="Jo Swerling">Jo Swerling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Gift" title="The Greatest Gift">The Greatest Gift</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Van_Doren_Stern" title="Philip Van Doren Stern">Philip Van Doren Stern</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">Frank Capra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Reed" title="Donna Reed">Donna Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Thomas Mitchell (actor)">Thomas Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Travers" title="Henry Travers">Henry Travers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah_Bondi" title="Beulah Bondi">Beulah Bondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Bond" title="Ward Bond">Ward Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Faylen" title="Frank Faylen">Frank Faylen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Grahame" title="Gloria Grahame">Gloria Grahame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walker_(cinematographer)" title="Joseph Walker (cinematographer)">Joseph Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Biroc" title="Joseph Biroc">Joseph Biroc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Hornbeck" title="William Hornbeck">William Hornbeck</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Films" title="Liberty Films">Liberty Films</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO Radio Pictures">RKO Radio Pictures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">December 20, 1946 (Limited)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>January 7, 1947 (1947-01-07)</li></ul> </div> (Wide)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">131 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$3.18 million<a href="#cite_note-3">[N 1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$3.3 million<a href="#cite_note-Willian_p._4-4">[3]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American <a href="/wiki/Christmas_by_medium#Films" title="Christmas by medium">Christmas</a> <a href="/wiki/Supernatural_film" title="Supernatural film">supernatural</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a> produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a>. It is based on the short story and booklet "<a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Gift" title="The Greatest Gift">The Greatest Gift</a>" self-published by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Van_Doren_Stern" title="Philip Van Doren Stern">Philip Van Doren Stern</a> in 1943, which itself is loosely based on the 1843 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> novella <a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[4]</a> The film stars <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> as <a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)">George Bailey</a>, a man who has given up his personal dreams in order to help others in his community and whose thoughts of suicide on Christmas Eve bring about the intervention of his <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">guardian angel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Odbody" title="Clarence Odbody">Clarence Odbody</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[4]</a> Clarence shows George all the lives he touched and what the world would be like if he had not existed. Although it was nominated for five <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>, It's a Wonderful Life initially received mixed reviews and was unsuccessful at the box office. Theatrically, the film's break-even point was $6.3 million, about twice the production cost, a figure it did not come close to achieving on its initial release. Because of the film's disappointing sales, Capra was seen by some studios as having lost his ability to produce popular, financially successful films.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> Its copyright expired in 1974 following a lack of renewal and it entered the public domain, allowing it to be broadcast without licensing or royalty fees, at which point it became a Christmas classic.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> It's a Wonderful Life is now considered to be one of the <a href="/wiki/Greatest_films_of_all_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest films of all time">greatest films of all time</a> and among the best Christmas films.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> It has been recognized by the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> as one of the <a href="/wiki/100_best_American_films_ever_made" class="mw-redirect" title="100 best American films ever made">100 best American films ever made</a>.<a href="#cite_note-afi-9">[8]</a> It was No. 11 on the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1998_greatest_movie_list" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 greatest movie list">1998 greatest movie list</a>, No. 20 on its <a href="/wiki/2007_greatest_movie_list" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 greatest movie list">2007 greatest movie list</a>, No. 8 on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Passions" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions">its list</a> of greatest love stories, and No. 1 on <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Cheers" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers">its list</a> of the most inspirational American films of all time.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> In 1990, It's a Wonderful Life was selected for preservation in the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> for being deemed as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Capra revealed that it was his favorite among the films he directed and that he screened it for his family every Christmas season. It was one of Stewart's favorite films.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> A modern remake of the film, written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Barris" title="Kenya Barris">Kenya Barris</a>, is in development at <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> as of January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-variety.com-12">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a>]</div> On <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> 1945, in <a href="/wiki/Bedford_Falls_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="Bedford Falls (It's a Wonderful Life)">Bedford Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)">George Bailey</a> contemplates suicide. The prayers of his family and friends reach <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">guardian angel</a> second class <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Odbody" title="Clarence Odbody">Clarence Odbody</a> is assigned to save George in order to earn his wings. Clarence is shown flashbacks of George's life. He watches 12-year-old George rescue his younger brother Harry from drowning in 1919, leaving George deaf in his left ear. George later saves the pharmacist, Mr. Gower, from accidentally poisoning a customer. In 1928, George plans a world <a href="/wiki/Grand_tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand tour">grand tour</a> before college. He is reintroduced to <a href="/wiki/Mary_Hatch_Bailey" title="Mary Hatch Bailey">Mary Hatch</a>, who has loved him since childhood. When his father dies from a sudden <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, George postpones his travel to settle the family business, Bailey Brothers <a href="/wiki/Savings_and_loan_association" title="Savings and loan association">Building and Loan</a>. Avaricious board member <a href="/wiki/Mr._Potter" title="Mr. Potter">Henry Potter</a>, who owns the bank and most of the town, seeks to dissolve the company, but the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a> votes to keep it open on condition that George run it. George acquiesces and works alongside his uncle Billy, giving his tuition savings to his younger brother Harry with the understanding that Harry will take over when he graduates. However, Harry returns from college married and with a job offer from his father-in-law, and George resigns himself to running the building and loan. George and Mary rekindle their relationship and marry, and use their honeymoon savings to keep the company solvent during a <a href="/wiki/Bank_run" title="Bank run">run on the bank</a>. Under George, the company establishes Bailey Park, a housing development surpassing Potter's overpriced <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slums</a>. Potter entices George with a high-paying job, but George rebuffs him when he realizes that Potter's true intention is to close the building and loan. On Christmas Eve, the town prepares a hero's welcome for Harry, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_pilot" title="Fighter pilot">fighter pilot</a> awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> for preventing a <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a> attack on a <a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">troopship</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Billy goes to Potter's bank to deposit $8,000 of the building and loan's money (equivalent to $135,394 in 2023). He taunts Potter with a newspaper headline about Harry, then absentmindedly wraps the cash in Potter's newspaper. Potter <a href="/wiki/Theft_by_finding" title="Theft by finding">finds and keeps the money</a>, while Billy cannot recall how he misplaced it. With a <a href="/wiki/Bank_examiner" title="Bank examiner">bank examiner</a> reviewing the company's records, George fruitlessly retraces Billy's steps. Frustrated and angered by Billy's blunder, which may lead to scandal and jail, George resents the sacrifices he has made and the family that has kept him trapped in Bedford Falls. He appeals to Potter for a loan, offering his meager <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a> policy as collateral. Potter scoffs that George is worth more dead than alive, refuses to help, and phones the police. George flees Potter's office, gets drunk at a bar, and prays for help. Contemplating suicide, he goes to a nearby bridge. Before George can jump, Clarence dives into the freezing river and George rescues him. When George wishes he had never been born, Clarence shows George a timeline in which he never existed. Bedford Falls is now Pottersville, an unsavory town occupied by sleazy entertainment venues and callous people. Mr. Gower was jailed for <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a> because George was not there to stop him from poisoning the customer. George's mother does not know him. Uncle Billy was <a href="/wiki/Involuntary_commitment" title="Involuntary commitment">institutionalized</a> after the building and loan failed. Bailey Park is a cemetery, where George discovers Harry's grave: Without George, Harry had drowned as a child, and without Harry to save them, the troops aboard the transport ship were killed. George finds that Mary is an "<a href="/wiki/Spinster" title="Spinster">old maid</a>" <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarian</a>. When he grabs her and claims to be her husband, she screams and runs away. George flees back to the bridge and begs for his life back. His wish granted, he rushes home to await his arrest. Meanwhile, Mary and Billy have rallied the townspeople, who donate more than enough to replace the missing money. Harry arrives and toasts George as "the richest man in town." Among the donations George finds a copy of <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Sawyer" title="The Adventures of Tom Sawyer">The Adventures of Tom Sawyer</a>, a gift from Clarence inscribed, "Remember, no man is a failure who has friends. Thanks for the wings!" When a bell on the Christmas tree rings, George's youngest daughter, Zuzu, explains that "every time a bell rings, an angel gets his wings", while the people are singing "<a href="/wiki/Auld_Lang_Syne" title="Auld Lang Syne">Auld Lang Syne</a>". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> as <a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)">George Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Reed" title="Donna Reed">Donna Reed</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mary_Hatch_Bailey" title="Mary Hatch Bailey">Mary Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mr._Potter" title="Mr. Potter">Mr. Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Thomas Mitchell (actor)">Thomas Mitchell</a> as Uncle Billy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Travers" title="Henry Travers">Henry Travers</a> as <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Odbody" title="Clarence Odbody">Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah_Bondi" title="Beulah Bondi">Beulah Bondi</a> as Mrs. Bailey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Faylen" title="Frank Faylen">Frank Faylen</a> as Ernie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Bond" title="Ward Bond">Ward Bond</a> as Bert</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Grahame" title="Gloria Grahame">Gloria Grahame</a> as Violet Bick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._B._Warner" title="H. B. Warner">H. B. Warner</a> as Mr. Gower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Albertson" title="Frank Albertson">Frank Albertson</a> as Sam Wainwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Karns" title="Todd Karns">Todd Karns</a> as Harry Bailey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Hinds" title="Samuel S. Hinds">Samuel S. Hinds</a> as Pa Bailey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Treen" title="Mary Treen">Mary Treen</a> as Cousin Tilly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Patton" title="Virginia Patton">Virginia Patton</a> as Ruth Dakin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams_(American_actor)" title="Charles Williams (American actor)">Charles Williams</a> as Cousin Eustace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Edwards_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sara Edwards (actress)">Sara Edwards</a> as Mrs. Hatch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Edmunds_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Edmunds (actor)">Bill Edmunds</a> as Mr. Martini</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Randolph" title="Lillian Randolph">Lillian Randolph</a> as Annie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_Brunetti" title="Argentina Brunetti">Argentina Brunetti</a> as Mrs. Martini</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobbie_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobbie Anderson">Bobbie Anderson</a> as Little George</li> <li>Ronnie Ralph as Little Sam</li> <li>Jeanne Gail as Little Mary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Ann_Roose" title="Jeanine Ann Roose">Jeanine Ann Roose</a> as Little Violet</li> <li>Danny Mummert as Little Marty Hatch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgie_Nokes" title="Georgie Nokes">Georgie Nokes</a> as Little Harry Bailey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Leonard" title="Sheldon Leonard">Sheldon Leonard</a> as Nick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hagney" title="Frank Hagney">Frank Hagney</a> as Potter's Bodyguard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Walker_(actor)" title="Ray Walker (actor)">Ray Walker</a> as Joe (Luggage Shop)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Lane">Charlie Lane</a> as Real Estate Salesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kean_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Kean (actor)">Edward Kean</a> as Tom (Bldg. & Loan)</li></ul> <dl><dd>The Bailey Children</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Coomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol Coomes">Carol Coomes</a> as Janie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolyn_Grimes" title="Karolyn Grimes">Karolyn Grimes</a> as Zuzu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Simms" title="Larry Simms">Larry Simms</a> as Pete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hawkins" title="Jimmy Hawkins">Jimmy Hawkins</a> as Tommy</li></ul></div> Uncredited cast members include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="Special:EditPage/It's a Wonderful Life">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_(raven)" title="Jimmy (raven)">Jimmy</a> as Uncle Billy's pet raven</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Andrews" title="Stanley Andrews">Stanley Andrews</a> as Mr. Welch, the teacher's husband</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Bridge">Al Bridge</a> as the sheriff with the arrest warrant against George</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Carr" title="Marian Carr">Marian Carr</a> as Jane Wainwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriana_Caselotti" title="Adriana Caselotti">Adriana Caselotti</a> as the singer at Martini's</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Corby" title="Ellen Corby">Ellen Corby</a> as Building & Loan customer Miss Davis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Elliott" title="Dick Elliott">Dick Elliott</a> as the bald man on his front porch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Fadden" title="Tom Fadden">Tom Fadden</a> as the bridge tollhouse keeper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Halton" title="Charles Halton">Charles Halton</a> as bank examiner Mr. Carter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holman" title="Harry Holman">Harry Holman</a> as high school principal Mr. Partridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Farrell_MacDonald" title="J. Farrell MacDonald">J. Farrell MacDonald</a> as the man whose great-grandfather planted the tree George drives into</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Roberts_(actor)" title="Mark Roberts (actor)">Mark Roberts</a> as Mickey, the student with the swimming pool floor key</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almira_Sessions" title="Almira Sessions">Almira Sessions</a> as Potter's secretary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_%22Alfalfa%22_Switzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl "Alfalfa" Switzer">Carl Switzer</a> as Freddie Othello, the student who tries to flirt with Mary<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Granby" title="Joseph Granby">Joseph Granby</a> as the Angel Joseph (voice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroni_Olsen" title="Moroni Olsen">Moroni Olsen</a> as the Senior Angel Franklin (voice)<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capra-signed_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capra-signed_1930s.jpg/170px-Capra-signed_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capra-signed_1930s.jpg/255px-Capra-signed_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Capra-signed_1930s.jpg/340px-Capra-signed_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>Director <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></figcaption></figure> The original story, "<a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Gift" title="The Greatest Gift">The Greatest Gift</a>", was written by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Van_Doren_Stern" title="Philip Van Doren Stern">Philip Van Doren Stern</a> in November 1939. After it was rejected by several publishers, he had it printed as a 24-page pamphlet and mailed to 200 family members and friends for Christmas 1943.<a href="#cite_note-failed-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[N 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nj.com-18">[16]</a> The story came to the attention of either <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> or RKO producer David Hempstead, who showed it to Grant's agent. In April 1944, <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a> bought the rights to the story for $10,000, hoping to turn it into a vehicle for Grant.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo" title="Dalton Trumbo">Dalton Trumbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Odets" title="Clifford Odets">Clifford Odets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Connelly" title="Marc Connelly">Marc Connelly</a> each worked on versions of the screenplay before RKO shelved the project. In Trumbo's draft, George Bailey is an idealistic politician who grows more cynical as the story progresses, then tries to end his life after losing an election. The angel shows him Bedford Falls not as it would be if he had never been born, but if he had gone into business instead of politics.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> Grant went on to make another Christmas movie staple, <a href="/wiki/The_Bishop%27s_Wife" title="The Bishop's Wife">The Bishop's Wife</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[N 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> RKO studio chief <a href="/wiki/Charles_Koerner" title="Charles Koerner">Charles Koerner</a> urged Frank Capra to read "The Greatest Gift". Capra's new production company, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Films" title="Liberty Films">Liberty Films</a>, had a nine-film distribution agreement with RKO. Capra immediately saw its potential, and wanted it for his first Hollywood film after making documentaries and training films during the war. RKO sold Capra the rights for $10,000 and threw in the three earlier scripts for free. (Capra claimed the rights and the scripts cost him $50,000.)<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-failed-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> Capra salvaged a few scenes from Odets' earlier screenplay<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> and worked with writers <a href="/wiki/Frances_Goodrich" title="Frances Goodrich">Frances Goodrich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Hackett" title="Albert Hackett">Albert Hackett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo_Swerling" title="Jo Swerling">Jo Swerling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Parker" title="Dorothy Parker">Dorothy Parker</a> (brought in to "polish" the script),<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> on many drafts of the screenplay. It was not a harmonious collaboration. Goodrich called Capra "that horrid man" and recalled, "He couldn't wait to get writing it himself." Her husband, Albert Hackett, said, "We told him what we were going to do, and he said 'That sounds fine.' We were trying to move the story along and work it out, and then somebody told us that [Capra] and Jo Swerling were working on it together, and that sort of took the guts out of it. Jo Swerling was a very close friend of ours, and when we heard he was doing this we felt rather bad about it. We were getting near the end and word came that Capra wanted to know how soon we'd be finished. So my wife said, 'We're finished right now.' We quickly wrote out the last scene and we never saw him again after that. He's a very arrogant son of a bitch."<a href="#cite_note-McBride-28">[25]</a> Later, a dispute ensued over the writing credits. The final screenplay, renamed by Capra It's a Wonderful Life,<a href="#cite_note-failed-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> was credited to Goodrich, Hackett, and Capra, with "additional scenes" by Jo Swerling. Capra said, "The Screen Writers' Arbitration committee decided that Hackett and Goodrich and I should get the credit for the writing. Jo Swerling hasn't talked to me since. That was five years ago."<a href="#cite_note-McBride-28">[25]</a> Some in <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Falls_(village),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca Falls (village), New York">Seneca Falls, New York</a>, believe Capra was inspired to model Bedford Falls after the town following a visit in 1945. The town has an annual "It's a Wonderful Life Festival" on the second weekend in December.<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> On December 10, 2010, the "It's a Wonderful Life" Museum opened in Seneca Falls, with Karolyn Grimes, who played Zuzu in the movie, cutting the ribbon.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> However, film historian <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Basinger" title="Jeanine Basinger">Jeanine Basinger</a>, curator of the Frank Capra archives at Wesleyan University and author of The 'It's A Wonderful Life' Book, has said no evidence exists for Seneca Falls' claim. "I have been through every piece of paper in Frank Capra's diaries, his archives, everything. There's no evidence of any sort whatsoever to support this. That doesn't mean it isn't true, but no one is ever going to prove it." Basinger said that Capra always described Bedford Falls as an "Everytown".<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Philip Van Doren Stern said in a 1946 interview, "Incidentally, the movie takes place in <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County</a>. Actually, the town I had in mind was <a href="/wiki/Califon,_N.J." class="mw-redirect" title="Califon, N.J.">Califon, N.J.</a>" The <a href="/wiki/Historic_iron_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic iron bridge">historic iron bridge</a> in Califon is similar to the bridge that George Bailey considered jumping from in the movie.<a href="#cite_note-nj.com-18">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Casting">edit</a>]</div> In his autobiography, Capra recalled: "Of all actors' roles I believe the most difficult is the role of a Good Sam who doesn't know that he is a Good Sam. I knew one man who could play it ... James Stewart. ... I spoke to <a href="/wiki/Lew_Wasserman" title="Lew Wasserman">Lew Wasserman</a>, the MCA agent who handled Jimmy, told him I wanted to tell Jimmy the story. Wasserman said Stewart would gladly play the part without hearing the story."<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> Stewart and Capra had previously collaborated on <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Take_It_With_You_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="You Can't Take It With You (film)">You Can't Take It with You</a> (1938) and <a href="/wiki/Mr._Smith_Goes_to_Washington" title="Mr. Smith Goes to Washington">Mr. Smith Goes to Washington</a> (1939). <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, Stewart's best friend, was also considered.<a href="#cite_note-blockbuster-34">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._6-35">[32]</a> Both actors had returned from the war with no employment prospects. Fonda, however, was cast in John Ford's <a href="/wiki/My_Darling_Clementine" title="My Darling Clementine">My Darling Clementine</a> (1946), which was filmed at the same time that Capra shot It's a Wonderful Life. For 17 supporting roles<a href="#cite_note-crawleyscastingcalls.com-36">[33]</a> in the film, Capra considered more than 170 established actors. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arthur" title="Jean Arthur">Jean Arthur</a>, Stewart's co-star in You Can't Take It With You and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, was first offered the role of Mary, but had recently dropped out of the Broadway show <a href="/wiki/Born_Yesterday_(play)" title="Born Yesterday (play)">Born Yesterday</a> from exhaustion shortly before its premiere. Capra next considered <a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Scott" title="Martha Scott">Martha Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Dvorak" title="Ann Dvorak">Ann Dvorak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a> before borrowing Donna Reed from MGM. Rogers turned it down because she considered it "too bland."<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> In chapter 26 of her autobiography Ginger: My Story, she questioned her decision by asking her readers: "Foolish, you say?" <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life.jpg/250px-It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life.jpg/375px-It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life.jpg/500px-It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>George Bailey (James Stewart), Mary Bailey (<a href="/wiki/Donna_Reed" title="Donna Reed">Donna Reed</a>), and their youngest daughter Zuzu (<a href="/wiki/Karolyn_Grimes" title="Karolyn Grimes">Karolyn Grimes</a>)</figcaption></figure> A long list of actors was considered for the role of Potter (originally named Herbert Potter): <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(actor)" title="Edward Arnold (actor)">Edward Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bickford" title="Charles Bickford">Charles Bickford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Buchanan" title="Edgar Buchanan">Edgar Buchanan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Calhern" title="Louis Calhern">Louis Calhern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Jory" title="Victor Jory">Victor Jory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Massey" title="Raymond Massey">Raymond Massey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Thomas Mitchell (actor)">Thomas Mitchell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Price" title="Vincent Price">Vincent Price</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._6-35">[32]</a> Lionel Barrymore, who eventually was cast, was a famous <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Ebenezer Scrooge</a> in radio dramatizations of <a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a> at the time, and was a natural choice for the role. Barrymore had also worked with Capra and Stewart on Capra's 1938 Best Picture Oscar winner, <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Take_It_With_You_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="You Can't Take It With You (film)">You Can't Take It with You</a>. Before Capra decided on Ward Bond as Bert,<a href="#cite_note-crawleyscastingcalls.com-36">[33]</a> he also considered <a href="/wiki/Sam_Levene" title="Sam Levene">Sam Levene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barton_MacLane" title="Barton MacLane">Barton MacLane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a>, John Alexander and <a href="/wiki/Irving_Bacon" title="Irving Bacon">Irving Bacon</a> for the role. Before Capra cast Thomas Mitchell as Uncle Billy, he also considered <a href="/wiki/Walter_Brennan" title="Walter Brennan">Walter Brennan</a> and <a href="/wiki/W._C._Fields" title="W. C. Fields">W. C. Fields</a> for the role.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a>: 8  <a href="/wiki/H._B._Warner" title="H. B. Warner">H. B. Warner</a>, who was cast as Mr. Gower, the pharmacist, had studied medicine before going into acting. He was also in some of Capra's other films, including <a href="/wiki/Mr._Deeds_Goes_to_Town" title="Mr. Deeds Goes to Town">Mr. Deeds Goes to Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lost_Horizon_(1937_film)" title="Lost Horizon (1937 film)">Lost Horizon</a>, <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Take_It_With_You_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="You Can't Take It With You (film)">You Can't Take It with You</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mr._Smith_Goes_to_Washington" title="Mr. Smith Goes to Washington">Mr. Smith Goes to Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> In the silent era, he had played the role of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Kings_(1927_film)" title="The King of Kings (1927 film)">The King of Kings</a> (1927). The name Gower came from Capra's employer <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>, which had been located on <a href="/wiki/Gower_Street_(Hollywood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gower Street (Hollywood)">Gower Street</a> for many years. Also on Gower Street was a drugstore that was a favorite for the studio's employees.<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams_(American_actor)" title="Charles Williams (American actor)">Charles Williams</a>, who was cast as Eustace Bailey, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Treen" title="Mary Treen">Mary Treen</a>, who was cast as Matilda "Tilly" Bailey, were both B-list actors, having appeared in 90 films each before It's a Wonderful Life.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_the_raven" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmy the raven">Jimmy the raven</a> (Uncle Billy's pet) appeared in You Can't Take It with You and each subsequent Capra film.<a href="#cite_note-blockbuster-34">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._24-42">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Filming">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_(film)_1946_Frank_Capra,_director_L_to_R_James_Stewart,_Gloria_Grahame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director_L_to_R_James_Stewart%2C_Gloria_Grahame.jpg/220px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director_L_to_R_James_Stewart%2C_Gloria_Grahame.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director_L_to_R_James_Stewart%2C_Gloria_Grahame.jpg/330px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director_L_to_R_James_Stewart%2C_Gloria_Grahame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director_L_to_R_James_Stewart%2C_Gloria_Grahame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>James Stewart and Gloria Grahame as George Bailey and Violet Bick</figcaption></figure> It's a Wonderful Life was shot at <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Radio Pictures</a> Studios in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>, and the 89-acre RKO <a href="/wiki/Movie_ranch" title="Movie ranch">movie ranch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Encino,_Los_Angeles" title="Encino, Los Angeles">Encino</a>,<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> where "Bedford Falls" was adapted from <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a>-winning sets originally designed by art director <a href="/wiki/Max_Ree" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Ree">Max Ree</a> for the 1931 epic film <a href="/wiki/Cimarron_(1931_movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimarron (1931 movie)">Cimarron</a>. Covering 4 acres (1.6 ha), the town consisted of a main street stretching 300 yards (three city blocks) with 75 stores and buildings, and a residential neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> Capra added a tree-lined center parkway, built a working bank set, and planted 20 full-grown oak trees.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> Pigeons, cats, and dogs were allowed to roam the mammoth set to give the "town" a lived-in feel.<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._24-42">[39]</a> Due to the requirements of filming in an "alternate reality," as well as different seasons, the exterior set was extremely adaptable. RKO studio's head of special effects, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Shearman" title="Russell Shearman">Russell Shearman</a>, developed a new compound using water, soap flakes, foamite, and sugar to create "chemical snow" for the film. Before then, movie snow was usually made from untoasted cornflakes, which were so loud when stepped on that dialogue had to be redubbed afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> Filming started on April 15, 1946, and wrapped on July 27, 1946, exactly on deadline for the 90-day principal photography schedule.<a href="#cite_note-capra-21">[19]</a> Only two locations from the film survive. The first, the swimming pool that was unveiled during the high-school dance sequence, is located in the gymnasium at <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_High_School" title="Beverly Hills High School">Beverly Hills High School</a> and is still in use as of December 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit">[update]</a>. The second is the "Martini home" in <a href="/wiki/La_Ca%C3%B1ada_Flintridge,_California" title="La Cañada Flintridge, California">La Cañada Flintridge, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> RKO's movie ranch in Encino was razed in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-50">[N 4]</a> The scene where young George saves his brother Harry from drowning was different in an early draft of the script. The boys play ice hockey on the river (which is on Potter's property) as Potter watches with disdain. George shoots the puck, but it goes astray and breaks the "No Trespassing" sign and lands in Potter's yard. Potter becomes irate and his gardener releases attack dogs, which cause the boys to flee. Harry falls in the ice and George saves him with the same results.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> In another draft, after he unsuccessfully attempts to consult his father about Mr. Gower and the pills, George considers asking Uncle Billy, but he is on the phone with the bank examiner. Billy lights his cigar and throws his match in the wastebasket. George turns to Tilly (who, along with Eustace, are his cousins, although not Billy's kids), but she is on the phone with her friend, Martha. She says, "Potter's here, the bank examiner's coming. It's a day of judgment." The wastebasket suddenly catches fire and Billy cries for help. Tilly runs in and puts the fire out with a pot of coffee. George decides to deal with the Gower situation by himself.<a href="#cite_note-Willian_2006,_p._15-52">[48]</a> According to Bobbie Anderson, in the confrontation between Mr. Gower and young George, H. B. Warner, who was drunk at the time of the drug store scene, slapped him for real and made his ear bleed, reducing him to tears. Warner hugged him after the scene was shot.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_-_George_with_Mary_and_Violet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_-_George_with_Mary_and_Violet.jpg/220px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_-_George_with_Mary_and_Violet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_-_George_with_Mary_and_Violet.jpg/330px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_-_George_with_Mary_and_Violet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_-_George_with_Mary_and_Violet.jpg/440px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_-_George_with_Mary_and_Violet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Young George (<a href="/wiki/Bobbie_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobbie Anderson">Bobbie Anderson</a>) with Violet and Mary in Mr. Gower's drugstore</figcaption></figure> Composer <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a> had written "Death Telegram" and "Gower's Deliverance" for the drugstore sequence, but Capra elected to forgo music in those scenes. Tiomkin had worked on many of Capra's previous films, but those changes, and others, led to a falling out between the two men. Tiomkin felt as though his work was being seen as a mere suggestion. In his autobiography Please Don't Hate Me, he called the incident, "an all around scissors job."<a href="#cite_note-Willian_2006,_p._15-52">[48]</a> In the scene where Uncle Billy gets drunk at Harry and Ruth's welcome home/newlyweds' party and staggers away off camera, a crash is heard off screen. Mitchell, as Uncle Billy, yells, "I'm all right! I'm all right!", implying that Uncle Billy had knocked into some trash cans. A technician had actually knocked over some equipment; Capra left in Mitchell's impromptu ad lib and rewarded the technician with $10 (equal to $141.84 in 2021), thanking him for his 'sound improvement.' According to rare stills that have been unearthed, several sequences were filmed but subsequently cut.<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._15-54">[50]</a> Alternative endings were also considered. Capra's first script had Bailey fall to his knees to recite "The Lord's Prayer" (the script also called for an opening scene with the townspeople in prayer). Feeling that an overly religious tone undermined the emotional impact of the family and friends rushing to George's rescue, the closing scenes were rewritten.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> Capra found the film's original cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Victor_Milner" title="Victor Milner">Victor Milner</a> slow and pretentious, and when Milner became ill, Capra borrowed <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walker_(cinematographer)" title="Joseph Walker (cinematographer)">Joseph Walker</a> from Columbia.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> Walker had lensed 19 previous Capra films. But when <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> demanded that Walker return to <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> to shoot her next film,<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> Walker trained veteran camera operator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Biroc" title="Joseph Biroc">Joseph Biroc</a> to be his replacement. Although working with three cinematographers was difficult for Capra, in Walker's opinion it turned out very well because the scenes each cinematographer shot were so different that they did not have to match each other's visual styles.<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_near_the_crack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dancing_near_the_crack.jpg/220px-Dancing_near_the_crack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dancing_near_the_crack.jpg/330px-Dancing_near_the_crack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Dancing_near_the_crack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>George and Mary dancing near the opening in the floor in the film's high school gym (filmed at <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_High_School" title="Beverly Hills High School">Beverly Hills High School</a>)</figcaption></figure> According to a 2006 book, "A spate of movies appeared just after the ending of the Second World War, including It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and <a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Life_and_Death_(film)" title="A Matter of Life and Death (film)">Stairway to Heaven</a> (1946), perhaps tapping into so many people's experience of loss of loved ones and offering a kind of consolation."<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> It's a Wonderful Life premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe Theatre (New York City)">Globe Theatre</a> in New York City on December 20, 1946, to mixed reviews.<a href="#cite_note-capra-21">[19]</a> While Capra thought the contemporary critical reviews were either universally negative, or at best dismissive,<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> said, "It's a Wonderful Life is a pretty wonderful movie. It has only one formidable rival (Goldwyn's <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a>) as Hollywood's best picture of the year. Director Capra's inventiveness, humor, and affection for human beings keep it glowing with life and excitement."<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> In his review for <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>, Bert Briller wrote, "It’s a Wonderful Life will enjoy just that at the b.o. [box office], and eminently deserves to do so." He added: "<a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Capra</a> may not have taken here the stride forward in film-making technique he achieved in “<a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a>, but no past Capra celluloid possessed any greater or more genuine qualities of effectiveness." Briller praised Reed's performance, writing, "In femme lead, Donna Reed will reach full-fledged stardom with this effort."<a href="#cite_note-:1-64">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosley_Crowther" title="Bosley Crowther">Bosley Crowther</a>, writing for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, complimented some of the actors, including Stewart and Reed, but concluded, "the weakness of this picture, from this reviewer's point of view, is the sentimentality of it—its illusory concept of life. Mr. Capra's nice people are charming, his small town is a quite beguiling place and his pattern for solving problems is most optimistic and facile. But somehow, they all resemble theatrical attitudes, rather than average realities."<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> The film, which went into general release on January 7, 1947, placed 26th ($3.3 million) in box-office revenues for 1947<a href="#cite_note-Willian_p._4-4">[3]</a> (out of more than 400 features released),<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> one place ahead of another Christmas film, <a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_34th_Street" title="Miracle on 34th Street">Miracle on 34th Street</a>. The film was supposed to be released in January 1947, but was moved up to December 1946 to make it eligible for the <a href="/wiki/19th_Academy_Awards" title="19th Academy Awards">19th Academy Awards</a> held in March 1947. This move was seen as worse for the film, as 1947 did not have quite the stiff competition as 1946. If it had entered the 1947 awards, its strongest competitor would have been Miracle on 34th Street. The number-one grossing movie of 1947, The Best Years of Our Lives, made $11.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-Willian_p._4-4">[3]</a> The film recorded a loss of $525,000 at the box office for RKO.<a href="#cite_note-rko-67">[63]</a> On May 26, 1947, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> issued a memo stating, "With regard to the picture It's a Wonderful Life, [redacted] stated in substance that the film represented rather obvious attempts to discredit bankers by casting Lionel Barrymore as a 'scrooge-type' so that he would be the most hated man in the picture. This, according to these sources, is a common trick used by Communists. [In] addition, [redacted] stated that, in his opinion, this picture deliberately maligned the upper class, attempting to show the people who had money were mean and despicable characters."<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> Film historian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> observed as "curious" that "the censors never noticed that the villainous Mr. Potter gets away with robbery without being caught or punished in any way".<a href="#cite_note-Sarris,_1998._p._356-69">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_(film)_1946_Frank_Capra,_director._Lionel_Barrymore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Lionel_Barrymore.jpg/220px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Lionel_Barrymore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Lionel_Barrymore.jpg/330px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Lionel_Barrymore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Lionel_Barrymore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Henry Potter (<a href="/wiki/Lionel_Barrymore" title="Lionel Barrymore">Lionel Barrymore</a>) was placed in <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years_..._100_Heroes_%26_Villains" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes & Villains">AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes & Villains</a> as number six of villains, while George Bailey was voted number 9 of heroes.</figcaption></figure> In 1990, It's a Wonderful Life was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> and selected for preservation in their <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 4 (UK)">Channel 4</a> in the United Kingdom ranked It's a Wonderful Life as the seventh-greatest film ever made in its poll "The 100 Greatest Films". The channel airs the film to British viewers annually on Christmas Eve.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> In June 2008, AFI revealed its <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_10_Top_10" title="AFI's 10 Top 10">10 Top 10</a>, the best 10 films in 10 "classic" American film genres, after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. It's a Wonderful Life was acknowledged as the third-best film in the fantasy genre.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> Somewhat more iconoclastic views of the film and its contents are occasionally expressed. In his review for <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> in 1947, film critic <a href="/wiki/Manny_Farber" title="Manny Farber">Manny Farber</a> wrote, "To make his points, [Capra] always takes an easy, simple-minded path that doesn't give much credit to the intelligence of the audience", and adds that it has only a "few unsentimental moments here and there".<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[N 5]</a> Wendell Jamieson, in a 2008 article for The New York Times which was generally positive in its analysis of the film, observed that far from being simply a sweetly sentimental tale, It's a Wonderful Life "is a terrifying, asphyxiating story about growing up and relinquishing your dreams, of seeing your father driven to the grave before his time, of living among bitter, small-minded people. It is a story of being trapped, of compromising, of watching others move ahead and away, of becoming so filled with rage that you verbally abuse your children, their teacher, and your oppressively perfect wife."<a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ; color: #202122;background-color: cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> ... one of the most profoundly pessimistic tales of human existence ever to achieve a lasting popularity. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Film historian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> in "You Ain't Heard Nothin' Yet.": The American Talking Film History & Memory, 1927-1949.<a href="#cite_note-Sarris,_1998._p._356-69">[65]</a></cite></div> </div> In a 2010 essay for <a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rich_Cohen" title="Rich Cohen">Richard Cohen</a> described It's a Wonderful Life as "the most terrifying Hollywood film ever made". In the "Pottersville" sequence, he wrote, George Bailey is not seeing the world that would exist had he never been born, but rather "the world as it does exist, in his time and also in our own".<a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> Nine years earlier, another Salon writer, Gary Kamiya, had expressed the opposing view that "Pottersville rocks!", adding: "The gauzy, <a href="/wiki/Currier_and_Ives" title="Currier and Ives">Currier-and-Ives</a> veil Capra drapes over Bedford Falls has prevented viewers from grasping what a tiresome and, frankly, toxic environment it is ... We all live in Pottersville now."<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_(film)_1946_Frank_Capra,_director._Donna_Reed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Donna_Reed.jpg/220px-It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Donna_Reed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_%28film%29_1946_Frank_Capra%2C_director._Donna_Reed.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Hatch">Mary Hatch</a> (Donna Reed), spinster librarian, in the world where George Bailey was never born</figcaption></figure> The film's elevation to the status of a beloved classic came three decades after its initial release, when it became a television staple during Christmas season in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-81">[76]</a> This came as a welcome surprise to Frank Capra and others involved with its production. "It's the damnedest thing I've ever seen", Capra told <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> in 1984. "The film has a life of its own now, and I can look at it like I had nothing to do with it. I'm like a parent whose kid grows up to be President. I'm proud ... but it's the kid who did the work. I didn't even think of it as a Christmas story when I first ran across it. I just liked the idea."<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._11-82">[77]</a> In a 1946 interview, Capra described the film's theme as "the individual's belief in himself" and that he made it "to combat a modern trend toward atheism".<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._11-82">[77]</a> It ranked 283rd among critics, and 107th among directors, in the <a href="/wiki/The_Sight_%26_Sound_Top_50_Greatest_Films_of_All_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sight & Sound Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time">2012 Sight & Sound polls of the greatest films ever made</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> The film's positive reception has continued. On <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, the film holds an approval rating of 94% based on 97 reviews, with an average rating of 9.0/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The holiday classic to define all holiday classics, It's a Wonderful Life is one of a handful of films worth an annual viewing."<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a score 89 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> Many filmmakers have praised the film, including <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Darabont" title="Frank Darabont">Frank Darabont</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-farout-86">[81]</a> Spielberg once said of the film: "It’s a Wonderful Life shows that every human being on this Earth matters -- and that’s a very powerful message."<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> played Mr. Potter in the made-for-television remake <a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Christmas" title="It Happened One Christmas">It Happened One Christmas</a>; when asked by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jaglom" title="Henry Jaglom">Henry Jaglom</a> what he thought of the movie, Welles said, "There's no way of hating that movie."<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> Prior to its Los Angeles release, Liberty Films mounted an extensive promotional campaign that included a daily advertisement highlighting one of the film's players, along with comments from reviewers. <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Starr" title="Jimmy Starr">Jimmy Starr</a> wrote, "If I were an Oscar, I'd elope with It's a Wonderful Life lock, stock and barrel on the night of the Academy Awards". The New York Daily Times published an editorial that declared the film and James Stewart's performance to be worthy of Academy Award consideration.<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a> It's a Wonderful Life received five <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominations:<a href="#cite_note-Oscars1947-90">[85]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Award</th> <th>Result</th> <th width="500">Nominee / Winner </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/19th_Academy_Awards" title="19th Academy Awards">1946</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Films" title="Liberty Films">Liberty Films</a> Winner was <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Productions" title="Samuel Goldwyn Productions">Samuel Goldwyn Productions</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> Winner was <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated</td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> Winner was <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_Editing" title="Academy Award for Best Film Editing">Best Film Editing</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Hornbeck" title="William Hornbeck">William Hornbeck</a> Winner was <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mandell" title="Daniel Mandell">Daniel Mandell</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Sound">Best Sound Recording</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Aalberg" class="mw-redirect" title="John Aalberg">John Aalberg</a> Winner was <a href="/wiki/John_P._Livadary" title="John P. Livadary">John P. Livadary</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Jolson_Story" title="The Jolson Story">The Jolson Story</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Technical_Achievement" title="Academy Award for Technical Achievement">Technical Achievement Award</a></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russell_Shearman" title="Russell Shearman">Russell Shearman</a> and <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Radio Studio Special Effects Dept.</a> For the development of a new method of simulating falling snow on motion picture sets. </td></tr></tbody></table> The Best Years of Our Lives, a drama about servicemen attempting to return to their pre-World War II lives, won most of the awards that year, including four of the five for which It's a Wonderful Life was nominated. (The award for "Best Sound Recording" was won by <a href="/wiki/The_Jolson_Story" title="The Jolson Story">The Jolson Story</a>.) The Best Years of Our Lives, directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a>, Capra's business partner along with <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> in Liberty Films, was also an outstanding commercial success, ultimately becoming the highest-grossing film of the decade, in contrast to the more modest initial box-office returns of It's a Wonderful Life.<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a> It's a Wonderful Life received a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> for Capra as <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Best Motion Picture Director</a>. He also won a "CEC Award" from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_film_awards" title="List of film awards">Cinema Writers Circle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, for Mejor Película Extranjera (Best Foreign Film). Jimmy Hawkins won a "Former Child Star Lifetime Achievement Award" from the <a href="/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Artist Awards">Young Artist Awards</a> in 1994; the award recognized his role as Tommy Bailey as igniting his career, which lasted until the mid-1960s.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> The film was included by the Vatican in <a href="/wiki/Vatican%27s_list_of_films" title="Vatican's list of films">a list of important films</a> compiled in 1995, under the category of "Values".<a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Release">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership_and_copyright_issues">Ownership and copyright issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ownership and copyright issues">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life-George_with_Mary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life-George_with_Mary.jpg/220px-It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life-George_with_Mary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life-George_with_Mary.jpg/330px-It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life-George_with_Mary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life-George_with_Mary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>"What is it you want, Mary? What do you want? You want the Moon? Just say the word and I'll throw a lasso around it and pull it down. Hey. That's a pretty good idea. I'll give you the Moon, Mary."<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm/220px--It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="164" data-durationhint="105" data-mwtitle="It's_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_(1946).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_(1946).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="644" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="968" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1295" data-height="964" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="194" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="322" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="484" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm/It%27s_A_Wonderful_Life_trailer_%281946%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="484" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Trailer for the film</figcaption></figure> Liberty Films was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, and remained a subsidiary until 1951. In 1955, M. & A. Alexander purchased the movie. This included key rights to the original television syndication, the <a href="/wiki/Film_preservation" title="Film preservation">original nitrate film elements</a>, the music score, and the film rights to the story on which the film is based, <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Gift" title="The Greatest Gift">The Greatest Gift</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[N 6]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Telefilm_Associates" title="National Telefilm Associates">National Telefilm Associates</a> took over the rights to the film soon thereafter. A clerical error at NTA prevented the copyright from being renewed properly in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> Despite the lapsed copyright, television stations that aired it still had to pay royalties because—though the film's images had entered the public domain—the film's story was still restricted as a <a href="/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">derivative work</a> of the published story The Greatest Gift, whose copyright Philip Van Doren Stern had renewed in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._115-99">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[N 7]</a> The film became a perennial holiday favorite in the 1980s, possibly due to its repeated showings each holiday season on hundreds of local television stations. It was mentioned during the deliberations on the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Term_Extension_Act" title="Copyright Term Extension Act">Copyright Term Extension Act</a> of 1998.<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._115-99">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[95]</a> In 1993, <a href="/wiki/Republic_Pictures" title="Republic Pictures">Republic Pictures</a>, which was the successor to NTA, relied on the 1990 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruling in <a href="/wiki/Stewart_v._Abend" title="Stewart v. Abend">Stewart v. Abend</a> (which involved another Stewart film, <a href="/wiki/Rear_Window" title="Rear Window">Rear Window</a>) to enforce its claim to the copyright. While the film's copyright had not been renewed, Republic still owned the film rights to The Greatest Gift; thus, the plaintiffs were able to argue its status as a derivative work of a work still under copyright.<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._115-99">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-TCM-103">[96]</a> That year, Republic made a deal with <a href="/wiki/Turner_Broadcasting_System" title="Turner Broadcasting System">Turner Broadcasting System</a>, authorizing only three airings of the movie, all on cable's <a href="/wiki/TNT_(American_TV_network)" title="TNT (American TV network)">TNT</a> and <a href="/wiki/TBS_(American_TV_channel)" title="TBS (American TV channel)">TBS</a>. However, the studio's attempt to reassert control was widely ignored since there were still some existing distribution deals that Republic had to honor. In 1994, the studio sold exclusive television rights to <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>. "We're thrilled that we will have the opportunity to broadcast this picture," said NBC Entertainment President <a href="/wiki/Warren_Littlefield" title="Warren Littlefield">Warren Littlefield</a> at the time. "We will broadcast the original director's cut in black and white, full-length, the way Frank Capra intended this picture to be seen." NBC traditionally shows the film on Christmas Eve. It had, for a time in the late 1990s, aired the film on Thanksgiving but removed that airing due to low ratings and began airing the <a href="/wiki/National_Dog_Show" title="National Dog Show">National Dog Show</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-nbchistory-104">[97]</a> Paramount (via parent company <a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom</a>'s 1998 acquisition of Republic's then-parent, <a href="/wiki/Spelling_Television" title="Spelling Television">Spelling Entertainment</a>) once again has distribution rights for the first time since 1955.<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._115-99">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a> Due to all the above actions, this is one of the few RKO films not controlled by <a href="/wiki/Turner_Entertainment" title="Turner Entertainment">Turner Entertainment</a>/<a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> in the US. It is also one of two Capra films Paramount owns despite not having originally released it—the other is <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bill" title="Broadway Bill">Broadway Bill</a> (originally from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia</a>, remade by Paramount as <a href="/wiki/Riding_High_(1950_film)" title="Riding High (1950 film)">Riding High</a> in 1950).<a href="#cite_note-Cox_p._115-99">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colorization">Colorization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Colorization">edit</a>]</div> Director Capra met with Wilson Markle about having Colorization Inc. <a href="/wiki/Film_colorization" title="Film colorization">colorize</a> It's a Wonderful Life based on an enthusiastic response to the colorization of <a href="/wiki/Topper_(film)" title="Topper (film)">Topper</a> from actor Cary Grant.<a href="#cite_note-Edgerton-106">[99]</a> The company's art director, Brian Holmes, prepared 10 minutes of colorized footage from It's a Wonderful Life for Capra to view, which resulted in Capra signing a contract with Colorization Inc., and his "enthusiastic agree[ment] to pay half the $260,000 cost of colorizing the movie and to share any profits" and giving "preliminary approval to making similar color versions of two of his other black-and-white films, <a href="/wiki/Meet_John_Doe" title="Meet John Doe">Meet John Doe</a> (1941) and <a href="/wiki/Lady_for_a_Day" title="Lady for a Day">Lady for a Day</a> (1933)".<a href="#cite_note-Edgerton-106">[99]</a> However, the film was believed to be in the public domain at the time, and as a result, Markle and Holmes responded by returning Capra's initial investment, eliminating his financial participation, and refusing outright to allow the director to exercise artistic control over the colorization of his films, leading Capra to join in the campaign against the process.<a href="#cite_note-Edgerton-106">[99]</a> Three colorized versions have been produced. The first was released by <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach_Studios" title="Hal Roach Studios">Hal Roach Studios</a> in 1986. The second was authorized and produced by the film's permanent owner, Republic Pictures, in 1989. Both Capra and Stewart took a critical stand on the colorized editions.<a href="#cite_note-107">[100]</a> The Hal Roach color version was re-released in 1989 to VHS via <a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bay_Entertainment" title="Anchor Bay Entertainment">Video Treasures</a>. A third, computer-colorized version was produced by <a href="/wiki/Legend_Films" title="Legend Films">Legend Films</a> in 2007 and has been released on DVD, Blu-ray, and streaming services. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_media">Home media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Home media">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VHS">VHS</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: VHS">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, when the film was still thought to be public domain, It's a Wonderful Life was released on VHS by a variety of home video companies. Among the companies that released the film on home video before Republic Pictures stepped in were Meda Video (which would later become <a href="/wiki/Media_Home_Entertainment" title="Media Home Entertainment">Media Home Entertainment</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kartes_Video_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartes Video Communications">Kartes Video Communications</a> (under its Video Film Classics label), <a href="/wiki/GoodTimes_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="GoodTimes Home Video">GoodTimes Home Video</a>, and Video Treasures (now <a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bay_Entertainment" title="Anchor Bay Entertainment">Anchor Bay Entertainment</a>). After Republic reclaimed the rights to the film, all unofficial VHS copies of the film still in the hands of video distributors were supposed to have been destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-TCM-103">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Artisan_Entertainment" title="Artisan Entertainment">Artisan Entertainment</a> (under license from Republic) took over home video rights in the mid-1990s. Artisan was later sold to <a href="/wiki/Lions_Gate_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lions Gate Entertainment">Lions Gate Entertainment</a>, which continued to hold US home video rights until late 2005, when they reverted to Paramount, which also owns video rights throughout Region 4 (<a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) and in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Video rights in the rest of the world are held by different companies; for example, the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> rights were once with <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a>, but have since reverted to Paramount. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technological_first:_CD-ROM">Technological first: CD-ROM</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Technological first: CD-ROM">edit</a>]</div> In 1993, due in part to the confusion of the ownership and copyright issues, <a href="/wiki/Kinesoft" title="Kinesoft">Kinesoft</a> Development, with the support of Republic Pictures, released It's a Wonderful Life as one of the first commercial feature-length films on <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> for the Windows PC (<a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1" title="Windows 3.1">Windows 3.1</a>). Antedating commercial DVDs by several years, it included such features as the ability to follow along with the complete shooting script as the film was playing.<a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-cgw199403-109">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[N 8]</a> Given the state of video playback on the PC at the time of its release, It's a Wonderful Life for Windows represented another milestone, as the longest-running video on a computer. Prior to its release, Windows could play back only about 32,000 frames of video, or about 35 minutes at 15 frames per second.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Working with Microsoft, Kinesoft was able to enhance the video features of Windows to allow for the complete playback of the entire film—all of this on a PC with a <a href="/wiki/Intel_80486" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80486">486SX</a> processor and 8 MB of RAM.<a href="#cite_note-111">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a> said in April 1994, "The picture quality still has a way to go before it reaches television standards", but was "a noble effort" that would "please fans of the film".<a href="#cite_note-cgw199404-112">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DVD_and_Blu-ray">DVD and Blu-ray</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: DVD and Blu-ray">edit</a>]</div> The film has seen multiple <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> releases since the availability of the format. In the autumn of 2001, Republic issued the film twice, once in August, and again with different packaging in September of that same year. On October 31, 2006, Paramount released a newly remastered "60th Anniversary Edition". On November 13, 2007, Paramount released a two-disc "special edition" DVD of the film that contained both the original theatrical black-and-white version, and a new, third colorized version, produced by <a href="/wiki/Legend_Films" title="Legend Films">Legend Films</a> using the latest colorization technology. On November 3, 2009, Paramount re-released the previous DVD set as a "Collector's Edition" and debuted a <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> edition, also containing both versions of the film. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration">Restoration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Restoration">edit</a>]</div> In 2017, the film was restored in <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K resolution</a>, available via streaming services and <a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Package" title="Digital Cinema Package">DCP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4K_Ultra_HD_Blu-ray">4K Ultra HD Blu-ray</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray">edit</a>]</div> On October 29, 2019, the film was released for the first time on 4K <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a>, along with a digital copy featuring a new <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories#Video_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Vision</a> transfer.<a href="#cite_note-114">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations_in_other_media">Adaptations in other media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Adaptations in other media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="Special:EditPage/It's a Wonderful Life">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The film was twice adapted for <a href="/wiki/Old-time_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Old-time radio">radio</a> in 1947, first on <a href="/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Lux Radio Theater">Lux Radio Theater</a> (March 10) and then on <a href="/wiki/The_Screen_Guild_Theater" title="The Screen Guild Theater">the Screen Guild Theater</a> (December 29), then again on the Screen Guild Theater broadcast of March 15, 1951. James Stewart and Donna Reed reprised their roles for all three radio productions. Stewart also starred in the May 8, 1949, radio adaptation presented on the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Directors_Playhouse" title="Screen Directors Playhouse">Screen Directors Playhouse</a>. A musical stage adaptation of the film, titled <a href="/wiki/A_Wonderful_Life_(musical)" title="A Wonderful Life (musical)">A Wonderful Life</a>, was written by <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Raposo" title="Joe Raposo">Joe Raposo</a>. This version was first performed at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> in 1986, but a planned professional production was stalled by legal wrangling with the estate of Philip Van Doren Stern. It was eventually performed in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Arena_Stage" title="Arena Stage">Arena Stage</a> in 1991, and had revivals in the 21st century, including a staged concert version in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 2005 and several productions by regional theatres. Another musical stage adaptation of the film, titled It's a Wonderful Life – The Musical, was written by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Greer" title="Bruce Greer">Bruce Greer</a> and Keith Ferguson. This version premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Dallas,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Majestic Theatre (Dallas, Texas)">Majestic Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, in 1998. It was an annual Christmas show at the theater for five years. It has since been performed at venues all around the United States.<a href="#cite_note-WonderfulLife-115">[107]</a> In July 2019, it was revealed that another stage musical adaptation was in development with music and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (making his musical theatre debut), lyrics and book by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hall_(playwright)" title="Lee Hall (playwright)">Lee Hall</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Kenwright" title="Bill Kenwright">Bill Kenwright</a>. The musical was set to debut late 2020, but is still yet to be announced.<a href="#cite_note-116">[108]</a> A 1986 skit on <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> features <a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a> introducing the "lost ending" of It's a Wonderful Life in which <a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)">George Bailey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dana_Carvey" title="Dana Carvey">Dana Carvey</a>) and the citizens of Bedford Falls discover that Mr. Potter (<a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovitz" title="Jon Lovitz">Jon Lovitz</a>) has stolen George's money and take turns attacking him in his office. In 1992, the final episode of <a href="/wiki/Tiny_Toon_Adventures" title="Tiny Toon Adventures">Tiny Toon Adventures</a> parodied It's A Wonderful Life entitled "It's A Wonderful Tiny Toon Christmas". In it, Buster Bunny feels sad after the failure of his play and wishes he had never become a Tiny Toon, so a guardian angel shows Buster what life would have been like without him. In 1997, <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> aired <a href="/wiki/Merry_Christmas,_George_Bailey" title="Merry Christmas, George Bailey">Merry Christmas, George Bailey</a>, taped from a live performance of the 1947 Lux Radio Theatre script at the <a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Playhouse" title="Pasadena Playhouse">Pasadena Playhouse</a>. The presentation, which benefited the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Glaser_Pediatric_AIDS_Foundation" title="Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation">Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation</a>, featured an all-star cast, including <a href="/wiki/Bill_Pullman" title="Bill Pullman">Bill Pullman</a> as George, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> as Clarence, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Landau" title="Martin Landau">Martin Landau</a> as Mr. Potter, <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Ann_Miller" title="Penelope Ann Miller">Penelope Ann Miller</a> as Mary, and <a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a> as Mother Bailey.<a href="#cite_note-117">[109]</a> In 2002, the television film <a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Very_Merry_Muppet_Christmas_Movie" title="It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie">It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie</a> premiered on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>. The film is a homage to It's a Wonderful Life. In the film, <a href="/wiki/Kermit_the_Frog" title="Kermit the Frog">Kermit the Frog</a> wishes that he had never been born.<a href="#cite_note-118">[110]</a> The Last Temptation of Clarence Odbody is a 2011 novel written by <a href="/wiki/John_Pierson_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pierson (musician)">John Pierson</a>. The novel imagines the future lives of various characters if George had not survived his jump into the river.<a href="#cite_note-119">[111]</a> A new "cinematic audio" adaptation by <a href="/wiki/David_Ossman" title="David Ossman">David Ossman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/The_Firesign_Theatre" title="The Firesign Theatre">Firesign Theatre</a> was produced and directed by Ossman and his wife Judith Walcutt of Otherworld Media in December 2019 at the Whidbey Island Center for the Arts. Their version combined elements of traditional and radio theatre, with costumes, sets, makeup, and lighting effects, as well as live music, live <a href="/wiki/Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">sound effects</a>, and over 20 microphones.<a href="#cite_note-120">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remakes">Remakes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Remakes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Christmas" title="It Happened One Christmas">It Happened One Christmas</a> was a 1977 <a href="/wiki/Television_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Television movie">television movie</a> <a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">remake</a> of the classic film, whose screenplay <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Chetwynd" title="Lionel Chetwynd">Lionel Chetwynd</a> based on both the original Van Doren Stern short story and the 1946 screenplay. This remake employed gender-reversal, with <a href="/wiki/Marlo_Thomas" title="Marlo Thomas">Marlo Thomas</a> as the protagonist Mary Bailey, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Rogers" title="Wayne Rogers">Wayne Rogers</a> as George Hatch, and <a href="/wiki/Cloris_Leachman" title="Cloris Leachman">Cloris Leachman</a> as the angel Clara Oddbody.<a href="#cite_note-121">[N 9]</a> Leachman received her tenth <a href="/wiki/Emmy" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy">Emmy</a> nomination for this role. In a significant departure from his earlier roles, <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> was cast as Mr. Potter.<a href="#cite_note-123">[N 10]</a> Following initial positive reviews, the made-for-television film was rebroadcast twice in 1978 and 1979, but has not been shown since on national re-broadcasts or issued to home media.<a href="#cite_note-124">[N 11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chad-122">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_Christmas,_George_Bailey" title="Merry Christmas, George Bailey">Merry Christmas, George Bailey</a> was a 1997 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> television movie adaptation of the film directed by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Diamond" title="Matthew Diamond">Matthew Diamond</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Bill_Pullman" title="Bill Pullman">Bill Pullman</a> as George Bailey, <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Ann_Miller" title="Penelope Ann Miller">Penelope Ann Miller</a> as Mary, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> as Clarence and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Landau" title="Martin Landau">Martin Landau</a> as Potter.<a href="#cite_note-125">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[117]</a></li> <li>The Christmas Spirit was a retelling of the movie starring <a href="/wiki/Nicollette_Sheridan" title="Nicollette Sheridan">Nicollette Sheridan</a> as Charlotte Hart. This was a made-for-TV film aired on December 1, 2013, on the <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel" title="Hallmark Channel">Hallmark Channel</a> executive produced by Sheridan under her company, Wyke Lane Productions, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Krevoy_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brad Krevoy Television (page does not exist)">Brad Krevoy Television</a>. The film was directed and written by Jack Angelo. Spirit was set in the present day, with the Hart character working to save a "quiet New England town from a ruthless real estate developer". The film was planned to kick off a film series about the Hart character.<a href="#cite_note-129">[118]</a> The film had 3.372 million viewers overall.<a href="#cite_note-130">[119]</a></li> <li>"The Greatest Gift", the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Warehouse_13" title="Warehouse 13">Warehouse 13</a> season 3 Christmas episode, tells a similar story after agent Pete Lattimer touches Stern's brush.<a href="#cite_note-131">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[121]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sequel">Sequel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sequel">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuzu_Bailey_from_It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Zuzu_Bailey_from_It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life.gif/220px-Zuzu_Bailey_from_It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Zuzu_Bailey_from_It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karolyn_Grimes" title="Karolyn Grimes">Karolyn Grimes</a> as Zuzu Bailey</figcaption></figure> In 1990, the made-for-television film <a href="/wiki/Clarence_(1990_film)" title="Clarence (1990 film)">Clarence</a> stars <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carradine" title="Robert Carradine">Robert Carradine</a> in a new tale of <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Odbody" title="Clarence Odbody">the helpful angel, Clarence Odbody</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancelled_Sequel">Cancelled Sequel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cancelled Sequel">edit</a>]</div> A purported sequel was in development for a 2015 release, and was to be called It's a Wonderful Life: The Rest of the Story. It was to be written by Bob Farnsworth and Martha Bolton and follow the angel of George Bailey's daughter Zuzu (played once again by <a href="/wiki/Karolyn_Grimes" title="Karolyn Grimes">Karolyn Grimes</a>), as she teaches Bailey's evil grandson how different the world would have been if he had never been born. Producers were considering directors and hoped to shoot the film with a $25–$35 million budget in Louisiana early in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-135">[124]</a> The film had been announced as being produced by Star Partners and Hummingbird Productions, neither of which are affiliated with Paramount, owners of the original film (Farnsworth claimed that It's a Wonderful Life was in the public domain). Later, a Paramount spokesperson claimed that they were not granting permission to make the film; "To date, these individuals have not obtained any of the necessary rights, and we would take all appropriate steps to protect those rights", the spokesperson said.<a href="#cite_note-136">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_remake">Modern remake</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Modern remake">edit</a>]</div> On January 19, 2024, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Barris" title="Kenya Barris">Kenya Barris</a> will write and direct a modern remake of the film for Paramount, with the intention to cast a <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">person of color</a> in the role of George Bailey. On the announcement, Barris remarked: "I feel like Christmas movies are amazing and I think the idea of taking something that has that long of a history and a tale behind it and putting an amazing piece of talent to tell that story ... It's a guy who’s trying to help out his community and things are going to turn around on him. I think that’s the perfect story to tell for a person of color — Black or brown — to get into that because our communities have some issues and someone trying to help that community out. I think that’s the perfect vehicle to tell that story from."<a href="#cite_note-variety.com-12">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sesame_Street_urban_legend">Sesame Street urban legend</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sesame Street urban legend">edit</a>]</div> It is commonly believed that the characters of <a href="/wiki/Bert_and_Ernie" title="Bert and Ernie">Bert and Ernie</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> were named after Bert the cop and Ernie the cab driver. However, in a correction for the 1999 "Annual Xmas Quiz" in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>, which made this claim, series writer <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Juhl" title="Jerry Juhl">Jerry Juhl</a> confirmed that, per producer <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stone" title="Jon Stone">Jon Stone</a>, the shared names were merely a coincidence.<a href="#cite_note-137">[126]</a> Despite this, the 1996 holiday special <a href="/wiki/Elmo_Saves_Christmas" title="Elmo Saves Christmas">Elmo Saves Christmas</a> references the rumor, during a scene where Bert and Ernie walk by a TV set, which is playing the movie. The pair are surprised by the line: "Bert! Ernie! What's the matter with you two guys? You were here on my wedding night!" <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stephan's_Quintet_usage">Stephan's Quintet usage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Stephan's Quintet usage">edit</a>]</div> The angelic figures depicted at the beginning of the film is an image of <a href="/wiki/Stephan%27s_Quintet" title="Stephan's Quintet">Stephan's Quintet</a>, a group of five interacting galaxies.<a href="#cite_note-138">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Gals" title="Buffalo Gals">Buffalo Gals</a>", the song George Bailey and Mary Hatch liked to sing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar_Corp._v._Twentieth_Century_Fox_Film_Corp." title="Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.">Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.</a> (a legal case partially relating to another example of an out-of-copyright adaptation of a work still under copyright)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Man" title="The Family Man">The Family Man</a>, a 2000 film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_films" title="List of Christmas films">List of Christmas films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_angels" title="List of films about angels">List of films about angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">List of films considered the best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_the_deaf_and_hard_of_hearing" title="List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing">List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Destiny" title="Mr. Destiny">Mr. Destiny</a>, a 1990 film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction#Films" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes in filmdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Wonderful_Life_(film)" title="A Wonderful Life (film)">A Wonderful Life</a>, a 1951 short film produced by the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of Churches of Christ">National Council of Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zu_Zu_Ginger_Snaps" title="Zu Zu Ginger Snaps">Zu Zu Ginger Snaps</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> The original budget had been set at $3 million.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> It was not a true "Christmas card", but rather, a 24-page pamphlet.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> The project went through many hands, including Howard Hughes', who reportedly was interested.<a href="#cite_note-capra-21">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Photographs of parts of the RKO set can be seen on retroweb.com.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> "Mugging Main Street" was reprinted in Farber on Film, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_America" title="Library of America">Library of America</a>, 2009, pp. 307–309. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Capra's re-editing of the original score by Dimitri Tiomkin was restored to the Tiomkin version by <a href="/wiki/Willard_Carroll" title="Willard Carroll">Willard Carroll</a> in the 1980s and released on a CD in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> The United States copyright of The Greatest Gift will expire in 2038, 95 years after its publication. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Voyager Company's Hard Day's Night, released in May 1993, slightly predated the Kinesoft product. It was originally advertised as an audio CD. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Note the spelling difference for "Oddbody". </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Welles signed on for projects like this in the 1970s so he could fund his own projects, including <a href="/wiki/F_for_Fake" title="F for Fake">F for Fake</a>, the then-unfinished <a href="/wiki/The_Other_Side_of_the_Wind" title="The Other Side of the Wind">The Other Side of the Wind</a>, and his documentary, <a href="/wiki/Filming_Othello" title="Filming Othello">Filming Othello</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chad-122">[113]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Local televisions stations do occasionally replay the movie. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310013259/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b72fd693f">"It's a Wonderful Life (1947)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b72fd693f">the original</a> on March 10, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life+%281947%29&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b72fd693f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Cox 2003, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-Willian_p._4-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willian_p._4_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willian_p._4_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willian_p._4_4-2">c</a> Willian 2006, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/27682">"AFI Catalog of Feature Films The First 100 Years 1893–1993"</a>. 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British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved September 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Arts&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life%3A+From+festive+flop+to+Christmas+classic&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft.aulast=Pappas&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Farticles%2F2TYK2NfhJ6pmDqW8rfT4LCf%2Fits-a-wonderful-life-from-festive-flop-to-christmas-classic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2018" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Jeremy (2018). Turner Classic Movies: Christmas in the Movies. Running Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762492480" title="Special:BookSources/9780762492480"><bdi>9780762492480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turner+Classic+Movies%3A+Christmas+in+the+Movies&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780762492480&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afi-9"><a href="#cite_ref-afi_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/100years/movies10.aspx/">"AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies 10th Anniversary Edition"</a>. American Film Institute. Retrieved July 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFI%27s+100+Years+...+100+Movies+10th+Anniversary+Edition&rft.pub=American+Film+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2F100years%2Fmovies10.aspx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/100years/cheers.aspx">"AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Cheers"</a>. American Film Institute. 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"Bankers and Common Men in Bedford Falls: How the FBI Determined That "It's a Wonderful Life" Was a Subversive Movie". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Film_History_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Film History (journal) (page does not exist)">Film History</a>. 10 (3). <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>: 311–319. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3815225">3815225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+History&rft.atitle=Bankers+and+Common+Men+in+Bedford+Falls%3A+How+the+FBI+Determined+That+%22It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life%22+Was+a+Subversive+Movie&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=311-319&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3815225%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Noakes&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> Also in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Bankers and common men in Bedford Falls". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LXlRAQAAIAAJ">Film History, Volume 10</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. 1998. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LXlRAQAAIAAJ&q=%22having+lost+an+election+for+governor,+George+finds+himself+on+a+bridge+in+his+hometown+contemplating+suicide+and+wishing+that+he+had+gone+into+business+instead+of+politics+His+guardian+angel+saves+him+and+shows+how+different+the+world%22">315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bankers+and+common+men+in+Bedford+Falls&rft.btitle=Film+History%2C+Volume+10&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLXlRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-capra-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-capra_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capra_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-capra_21-2">c</a> Weems, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eeweems.com/capra/_wonderful_life.html">"Frank Capra online"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130119035038/http://www.eeweems.com/capra/_wonderful_life.html">Archived</a> January 19, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved June 2, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Cox 2003, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Capra 1971, p. 376. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a30117820/its-a-wonderful-life-flop-frank-capra/">"It's a Wonderful Life has a dark backstory that no-one really mentions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Spy" title="Digital Spy">Digital Spy</a>. December 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life+has+a+dark+backstory+that+no-one+really+mentions&rft.date=2022-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Fmovies%2Fa30117820%2Fits-a-wonderful-life-flop-frank-capra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapraPogue2004" class="citation book cs1">Capra, Frank; Pogue, Leland (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1_-o2HI26KIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Frank+Capra:+Interviews&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib9qjIz5mKAxX-vokEHZCNEXsQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=%22greatest%20gift%22&f=false">Frank Capra: Interviews</a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5780-6617-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5780-6617-9"><bdi>978-1-5780-6617-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Capra%3A+Interviews&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-5780-6617-9&rft.aulast=Capra&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Pogue%2C+Leland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1_-o2HI26KIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DFrank%2BCapra%3A%2BInterviews%26hl%3Den%26newbks%3D1%26newbks_redir%3D0%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwib9qjIz5mKAxX-vokEHZCNEXsQ6AF6BAgGEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522greatest%2520gift%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Cox 2003, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-McBride-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McBride_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McBride_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBride2011" class="citation book cs1">McBride, Joseph (June 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DMkLpTFBEtUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Frank+Capra:+The+Catastrophe+of+Success&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj4Nr-zZmKAxWov4kEHQ6RB7wQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=%22arrogant%20son%20of%20a%20bitch%22&f=false">Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success</a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 513. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6047-3839-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6047-3839-1"><bdi>978-1-6047-3839-1</bdi></a>. 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A3. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapra1971" class="citation book cs1">Capra, Frank (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nameabovetitleau0000capr/page/376/mode/2up?q=wasserman">The Name Above the Title: An Autobiography</a>. 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Retrieved August 2, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox_p._6-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cox_p._6_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cox_p._6_35-1">b</a> Cox 2003, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-crawleyscastingcalls.com-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crawleyscastingcalls.com_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crawleyscastingcalls.com_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crawleyscastingcalls.com/index.php?option=com_movies&Itemid=60&id=57&lettre=ALL">"All the Movies in Tony Crawley's Casting Calls"</a>. www.crawleyscastingcalls.com. 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Retroweb.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retroweb.com/gallery/index.php?album=Studio%20Backlots/RKO%20Encino%20Ranch/Bison%20Archives">the original</a> on October 16, 2015. 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Retrieved November 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Paramount+Threatens+Legal+Action+Over+%27It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life%27+Sequel+Plan&rft.date=2013-11-20&rft.aulast=Couch&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fa-wonderful-life-sequel-paramount-658508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2000" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Jon (January 3, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/carroll/article/a-few-tiny-errors-part-i-3326829.php">"A Few Tiny Errors"</a>. The San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=A+Few+Tiny+Errors&rft.date=2000-01-03&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fentertainment%2Fcarroll%2Farticle%2Fa-few-tiny-errors-part-i-3326829.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo0122h/">"Stephan's Quintet"</a>. ESA/Hubble Space Telescope. Retrieved December 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESA%2FHubble+Space+Telescope&rft.atitle=Stephan%27s+Quintet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fimages%2Fopo0122h%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice2019" class="citation web cs1">Rice, Tony (December 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wral.com/Classic-film-Its-a-Wonderful-Life-features-angelic-galaxies/18849527/">"Classic film 'It's a Wonderful Life' features angelic galaxies"</a>. WRAL. Retrieved December 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WRAL&rft.atitle=Classic+film+%27It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life%27+features+angelic+galaxies&rft.date=2019-12-22&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wral.com%2FClassic-film-Its-a-Wonderful-Life-features-angelic-galaxies%2F18849527%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Barker, Martin, and Thomas Austin. "Films, Audiences and Analyses". From Antz To Titanic: Reinventing Film Analysis. London: Pluto Press, 2000, pp. 15–29. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1584-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1584-3">978-0-7453-1584-3</a>.</li> <li>Cahill, Marie. It's a Wonderful Life. East Bridgewater, Massachusetts: World Publications Group, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57215-459-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57215-459-9">978-1-57215-459-9</a>.</li> <li>Capra, Frank. Frank Capra, The Name Above the Title: An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1971. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3947-1205-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3947-1205-5">978-0-3947-1205-5</a>.</li> <li>Cox, Stephen. It's a Wonderful Life: A Memory Book. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5818-2337-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5818-2337-0">978-1-5818-2337-0</a>.</li> <li>Eliot, Mark. Jimmy Stewart: A Biography. New York: Random House, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-5221-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-5221-9">978-1-4000-5221-9</a>.</li> <li>Finler, Joel W. The Hollywood Story: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the American Movie Business, But Didn't Know Where to Look. London: Pyramid Books, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8551-0009-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8551-0009-1">978-1-8551-0009-1</a>.</li> <li>Goodrich, Francis, Albert Hackett and Frank Capra. It's a Wonderful Life: The Complete Script in its Original Form. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3124-3911-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3124-3911-8">978-0-3124-3911-8</a>.</li> <li>Jones, Ken D., Arthur F. McClure and Alfred E. Twomey. The Films of James Stewart. New York: Castle Books, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4980-7372-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-4980-7372-4">978-0-4980-7372-4</a>.</li> <li>McBride, Joseph. Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success. New York: Touchstone Books, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6717-9788-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6717-9788-1">978-0-6717-9788-1</a>.</li> <li>Michael, Paul, ed. The Great Movie Book: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference Guide to the Best-loved Films of the Sound Era. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1336-3663-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1336-3663-5">978-0-1336-3663-5</a>.</li> <li>Rodgers, James W. It's a Wonderful Life: A Play in Two Acts. Woodstock, Illinois: Dramatic Publishing, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8712-9432-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8712-9432-6">978-0-8712-9432-6</a>.</li> <li>Sarris, Andrew. 1998. "You Ain't Heard Nothin' Yet." The American Talking Film History & Memory, 1927-1949. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-1951-3426-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-1951-3426-1">978-0-1951-3426-1</a></li> <li>Walters, James. "Reclaiming the Real: It's a Wonderful Life (Frank Capra, 1946)". Alternative Worlds in Hollywood Cinema. Bristol UK: Intellect Ltd, 2008, pp. 115–134. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-202-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-202-1">978-1-84150-202-1</a>.</li> <li>Wiley, Mason, and Damien Bona. Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York: Ballantine Books, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3453-4453-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3453-4453-3">978-0-3453-4453-3</a>.</li> <li>Willian, Michael. The Essential It's a Wonderful Life: A Scene-by-Scene Guide to the Classic Film, 2nd ed. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-636-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-636-7">978-1-55652-636-7</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Stewart, Jimmy. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512034605/http://mymerrychristmas.com/2006/jimmystewart.shtml">Jimmy Stewart Remembers 'It's a Wonderful Life'</a>". 1977. MyMerryChristmas.com, 2012. Web. January 9, 2012.</li> <li>Cox, Stephen. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-wonderful23dec23,1,4332540.story">On a Wing and a Prayer</a>". <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> December 23, 2006: E-1. Web. January 9, 2012.</li> <li>Sullivan, Daniel J. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190801070434/http://www.nhinet.org/sullivan18-1%262.pdf">Sentimental Hogwash?: On Capra's It's a Wonderful Life</a>", Humanitas (2005) 18.1–2: 115–140. Web. January 9, 2012.</li> <li>Kamiya, Gary. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702204128/http://www.salon.com/2001/12/22/pottersville/singleton/">All hail Pottersville!</a>" <a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a> December 22, 2001. Web. January 9, 2012.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiskey2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hiskey, Daven (December 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/12/its-a-wonderful-life-was-based-on-a-christmas-card-short-story-by-philip-van-doren-stern">"It's a Wonderful Life was Based on a "Christmas Card" Short Story by Philip Van Doren Stern"</a>. TodayIFoundOut.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TodayIFoundOut.com&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+Wonderful+Life+was+Based+on+a+%22Christmas+Card%22+Short+Story+by+Philip+Van+Doren+Stern&rft.date=2011-12-23&rft.aulast=Hiskey&rft.aufirst=Daven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayifoundout.com%2Findex.php%2F2011%2F12%2Fits-a-wonderful-life-was-based-on-a-christmas-card-short-story-by-philip-van-doren-stern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIt%27s+a+Wonderful+Life" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> It's a Wonderful Life at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_(film)" class="extiw" title="c:category:It's a Wonderful Life (film)">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" class="extiw" title="q:It's a Wonderful Life">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204191" class="extiw" title="d:Q204191">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><style 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href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v25590">It's a Wonderful Life</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/27682">It's a Wonderful Life</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038650/">It's a Wonderful Life</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/its-a-wonderful-life">It's a Wonderful Life</a> at <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204191#P1712" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Gift" title="The Greatest Gift">The Greatest Gift</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Van_Doren_Stern" title="Philip Van Doren Stern">Philip Van Doren Stern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)">George Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hatch_Bailey" title="Mary Hatch Bailey">Mary Hatch Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Potter" title="Mr. Potter">Mr. Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Odbody" title="Clarence Odbody">Clarence Odbody</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Setting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Falls_(It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life)" title="Bedford Falls (It's a Wonderful Life)">Bedford Falls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Christmas" title="It Happened One Christmas">It Happened One Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Wonderful_Life_(musical)" title="A Wonderful Life (musical)">A Wonderful Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_(1990_film)" title="Clarence (1990 film)">Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_Christmas,_George_Bailey" title="Merry Christmas, George Bailey">Merry Christmas, George Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Very_Merry_Muppet_Christmas_Movie" title="It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie">It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life_(opera)" title="It's a Wonderful Life (opera)">It's a Wonderful Life</a> (2016 opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Frank_Capra" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frank_Capra" title="Template:Frank Capra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frank_Capra" title="Template talk:Frank Capra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frank_Capra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frank Capra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frank_Capra" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra_filmography" title="Frank Capra filmography">Filmography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fultah_Fisher%27s_Boarding_House" title="Fultah Fisher's Boarding House">Fultah Fisher's Boarding House</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strong_Man" title="The Strong Man">The Strong Man</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Pants" title="Long Pants">Long Pants</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Love_of_Mike_(1927_film)" title="For the Love of Mike (1927 film)">For the Love of Mike</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_Certain_Thing_(film)" title="That Certain Thing (film)">That Certain Thing</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_This_Is_Love%3F_(film)" title="So This Is Love? (film)">So This Is Love?</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Matinee_Idol_(1928_film)" title="The Matinee Idol (1928 film)">The Matinee Idol</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_of_the_Strong_(1928_film)" title="The Way of the Strong (1928 film)">The Way of the Strong</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Say_It_with_Sables" title="Say It with Sables">Say It with Sables</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Press" title="The Power of the Press">The Power of the Press</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_(1928_film)" title="Submarine (1928 film)">Submarine</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Younger_Generation" title="The Younger Generation">The Younger Generation</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Donovan_Affair" title="The Donovan Affair">The Donovan Affair</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_(1929_film)" title="Flight (1929 film)">Flight</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies_of_Leisure" title="Ladies of Leisure">Ladies of Leisure</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_or_Shine_(film)" title="Rain or Shine (film)">Rain or Shine</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigible_(film)" title="Dirigible (film)">Dirigible</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_Woman" title="The Miracle Woman">The Miracle Woman</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Blonde_(film)" title="Platinum Blonde (film)">Platinum Blonde</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_(1932_film)" title="Forbidden (1932 film)">Forbidden</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Madness" title="American Madness">American Madness</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bitter_Tea_of_General_Yen" title="The Bitter Tea of General Yen">The Bitter Tea of General Yen</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_for_a_Day" title="Lady for a Day">Lady for a Day</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bill" title="Broadway Bill">Broadway Bill</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Deeds_Goes_to_Town" title="Mr. Deeds Goes to Town">Mr. Deeds Goes to Town</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Horizon_(1937_film)" title="Lost Horizon (1937 film)">Lost Horizon</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Take_It_with_You_(film)" title="You Can't Take It with You (film)">You Can't Take It with You</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Smith_Goes_to_Washington" title="Mr. Smith Goes to Washington">Mr. Smith Goes to Washington</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_John_Doe" title="Meet John Doe">Meet John Doe</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_and_Old_Lace_(film)" title="Arsenic and Old Lace (film)">Arsenic and Old Lace</a> (1944)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">It's a Wonderful Life</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_(film)" title="State of the Union (film)">State of the Union</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_High_(1950_film)" title="Riding High (1950 film)">Riding High</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Comes_the_Groom_(1951_film)" title="Here Comes the Groom (1951 film)">Here Comes the Groom</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Hole_in_the_Head" title="A Hole in the Head">A Hole in the Head</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocketful_of_Miracles" title="Pocketful of Miracles">Pocketful of Miracles</a> (1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Fight" title="Why We Fight">Why We Fight</a> series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_War" title="Prelude to War">Prelude to War</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nazis_Strike" title="The Nazis Strike">The Nazis Strike</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divide_and_Conquer_(film)" title="Divide and Conquer (film)">Divide and Conquer</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Britain" title="The Battle of Britain">The Battle of Britain</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Russia" title="The Battle of Russia">The Battle of Russia</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_China" title="The Battle of China">The Battle of China</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Comes_to_America" title="War Comes to America">War Comes to America</a> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Know_Your_Enemy:_Japan" title="Know Your Enemy: Japan">Know Your Enemy: Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Is_Germany" title="Here Is Germany">Here Is Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Victory" title="Tunisian Victory">Tunisian Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Job_in_Germany" title="Your Job in Germany">Your Job in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Down_and_One_to_Go" title="Two Down and One to Go">Two Down and One to Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Soldier" title="The Negro Soldier">The Negro Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_Screen_Magazine" title="Army–Navy Screen Magazine">Army–Navy Screen Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fallbrook_Story" title="The Fallbrook Story">The Fallbrook Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_System_Science_Series" title="The Bell System Science Series">The Bell System Science Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Mr._Sun" title="Our Mr. Sun">Our Mr. Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemo_the_Magnificent" title="Hemo the Magnificent">Hemo the Magnificent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_in_Space" title="Rendezvous in Space">Rendezvous in Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra_bibliography" title="Frank Capra bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Films" title="Liberty Films">Liberty Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra_Jr." title="Frank Capra Jr.">Frank Capra Jr. (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Came_Back_(TV_series)" title="Five Came Back (TV series)">Five Came Back (2017 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra:_Mr._America" title="Frank Capra: Mr. America">Frank Capra: Mr. America (2023 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Riskin" title="Robert Riskin">Robert Riskin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jo_Swerling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jo_Swerling" title="Template:Jo Swerling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jo_Swerling" title="Template talk:Jo Swerling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jo_Swerling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jo Swerling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jo_Swerling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swerling" title="Jo Swerling">Jo Swerling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenwriting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humor_Risk" title="Humor Risk">Humor Risk</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies_of_Leisure" title="Ladies of Leisure">Ladies of Leisure</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_the_Streets_(1930_film)" title="Madonna of the Streets (1930 film)">Madonna of the Streets</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigible_(film)" title="Dirigible (film)">Dirigible</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_Woman" title="The Miracle Woman">The Miracle Woman</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Blonde_(film)" title="Platinum Blonde (film)">Platinum Blonde</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_(1932_film)" title="Forbidden (1932 film)">Forbidden</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Mask_(1932_film)" title="Behind the Mask (1932 film)">Behind the Mask</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Affair_(1932_film)" title="Love Affair (1932 film)">Love Affair</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_for_the_Defense" title="Attorney for the Defense">Attorney for the Defense</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defense_Rests" title="The Defense Rests">The Defense Rests</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_by_Choice" title="Lady by Choice">Lady by Choice</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Once_to_Every_Woman_(1934_film)" title="Once to Every Woman (1934 film)">Once to Every Woman</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Me_Forever_(film)" title="Love Me Forever (film)">Love Me Forever</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Whole_Town%27s_Talking" title="The Whole Town's Talking">The Whole Town's Talking</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennies_from_Heaven_(1936_film)" title="Pennies from Heaven (1936 film)">Pennies from Heaven</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Wedding_(1937_film)" title="Double Wedding (1937 film)">Double Wedding</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_for_Each_Other_(1939_film)" title="Made for Each Other (1939 film)">Made for Each Other</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Glory" title="The Real Glory">The Real Glory</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Westerner_(1940_film)" title="The Westerner (1940 film)">The Westerner</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_Sand_(1941_film)" title="Blood and Sand (1941 film)">Blood and Sand</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirm_or_Deny" title="Confirm or Deny">Confirm or Deny</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pride_of_the_Yankees" title="The Pride of the Yankees">The Pride of the Yankees</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_Dive" title="Crash Dive">Crash Dive</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(1944_film)" title="Lifeboat (1944 film)">Lifeboat</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave_Her_to_Heaven" title="Leave Her to Heaven">Leave Her to Heaven</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">It's a Wonderful Life</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_in_the_East_(1951_film)" title="Thunder in the East (1951 film)">Thunder in the East</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guys_and_Dolls_(film)" title="Guys and Dolls (film)">Guys and Dolls</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Roaring_%2720s:_The_Story_of_Arnold_Rothstein" title="King of the Roaring '20s: The Story of Arnold Rothstein">The Big Bankroll</a> (1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guys_and_Dolls" title="Guys and Dolls">Guys and Dolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Swerling" title="Peter Swerling">Peter Swerling</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christmas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christmas" title="Template:Christmas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christmas" title="Template talk:Christmas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christmas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Christmas_(holiday)" title="Blue Christmas (holiday)">Blue Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day">Children's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Day" title="Saint Nicholas Day">Saint Nicholas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Day" title="Saint Stephen's Day">Saint Stephen's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%">In Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Angel Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">in later culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_nativity_scene" title="Neapolitan nativity scene">Neapolitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Twelfth Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badalisc" title="Badalisc">Badalisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caganer" title="Caganer">Caganer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BDla" title="Grýla">Grýla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Frost" title="Jack Frost">Jack Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korvatunturi" title="Korvatunturi">Korvatunturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Christmas_Spider" title="Legend of the Christmas Spider">Legend of the Christmas Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Lwyd" title="Mari Lwyd">Mari Lwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_figure" title="Miner's figure">Miner's figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisse_(folklore)" title="Nisse (folklore)">Nisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Winter" title="Old Man Winter">Old Man Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Santa's workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%B3_de_Nadal" title="Tió de Nadal">Tió de Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turo%C5%84" title="Turoń">Turoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_cat" title="Yule cat">Yule cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_Lads" class="mw-redirect" title="Yule Lads">Yule Lads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift-bringer" title="Christmas gift-bringer">Gift-bringers</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_(European_folklore)" title="Saint Nicholas (European folklore)">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">Befana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ded_Moroz" title="Ded Moroz">Ded Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandpa_Indian" title="Grandpa Indian">Grandpa Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulupukki" title="Joulupukki">Joulupukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julemanden" title="Julemanden">Julemanden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Baba" title="Noel Baba">Noel Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olentzero" title="Olentzero">Olentzero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_No%C3%ABl" title="Père Noël">Père Noël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_winter_gift-bringers" title="List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas">Companions of Saint Nicholas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Claus" title="Mrs. Claus">Mrs. Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Fouettard" title="Père Fouettard">Père Fouettard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_Man" title="Sack Man">Sack Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_daughter" title="Santa Claus' daughter">Santa Claus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27s_reindeer" title="Santa Claus's reindeer">Santa's reindeer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer" title="Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer">Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegurochka" title="Snegurochka">Snegurochka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Piet" title="Zwarte Piet">Zwarte Piet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_traditions" title="Christmas traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_calendar" title="Advent calendar">Advent calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_candle" title="Advent candle">Advent candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_Head_Feast" title="Boar's Head Feast">Boar's Head Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwibbogen" title="Schwibbogen">Candle arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_card" title="Christmas card">Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carols_by_Candlelight" title="Carols by Candlelight">Carols by Candlelight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christingle" title="Christingle">Christingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Peace" title="Christmas Peace">Christmas Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cracker" title="Christmas cracker">Crackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_decoration" title="Christmas decoration">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didukh" title="Didukh">Didukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_events_and_celebrations" title="Category:Christmas events and celebrations">Events and celebrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Seven_Fishes" title="Feast of the Seven Fishes">Feast of the Seven Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Santa" title="Flying Santa">Flying Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift" title="Christmas gift">Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Google Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamper#Christmas_hamper" title="Hamper">Hampers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_letter" title="Round-robin letter">Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule" title="Lord of Misrule">Lord of Misrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_meals_and_feasts" title="Category:Christmas meals and feasts">Meals and feasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_star" title="Moravian star">Moravian star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">Nutcrackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_doll" title="Nutcracker doll">dolls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ornament" title="Christmas ornament">Ornaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_parade" title="Santa Claus parade">Parades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">Piñatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pyramid" title="Christmas pyramid">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4uchermann" title="Räuchermann">Räuchermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seal">Seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Santa" title="Secret Santa">Secret Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanbaum" title="Spanbaum">Spanbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stamp" title="Christmas stamp">Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stocking" title="Christmas stocking">Stockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Twelve Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassailing" title="Wassailing">Wassailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_window" title="Christmas window">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_goat" title="Yule goat">Yule goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log" title="Yule log">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Observance_of_Christmas_by_country" title="Observance of Christmas by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Australia" title="Christmas in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Colombia" title="Christmas in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_and_Christmas_in_Denmark" title="Yule and Christmas in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_in_England" title="Category:Christmas in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Christmas" title="Ethiopian Christmas">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Finland" title="Christmas in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_France" title="Christmas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihnachten" title="Weihnachten">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hungary" title="Christmas in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Iceland" title="Christmas in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Indonesia" title="Christmas in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ireland" title="Christmas in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Italy" title="Christmas in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Mexico" title="Christmas in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Zealand" title="Christmas in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Christmas in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Poland" title="Christmas in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Romania" title="Christmas in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia" title="Christmas in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Serbia" title="Christmas in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Sweden" title="Christmas in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ukraine" title="Christmas in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Christmas in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Christmas in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hawaii" title="Christmas in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Mexico" title="Christmas in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols" title="List of Christmas carols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_operas" title="List of Christmas operas">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_hit_singles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom">Hit singles in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_Christmas_singles_in_the_United_States" title="List of popular Christmas singles in the United States">Hit singles in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Christmas_Holiday_charts" title="Billboard Christmas Holiday charts">Music charts (Billboard)</a></li> <li>Music books <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carols_for_Choirs" title="Carols for Choirs">Carols for Choirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The Oxford Book of Carols">The Oxford Book of Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The New Oxford Book of Carols">The New Oxford Book of Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piae_Cantiones" title="Piae Cantiones">Piae Cantiones</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_by_medium" title="Christmas by medium">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in literature">In literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christmas novels">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_films" title="List of Christmas films">Films (Christmas,</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_in_film" title="Santa Claus in film">Santa,</a> <a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a>)</li> <li>Poetry <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Santeclaus_with_Much_Delight" title="Old Santeclaus with Much Delight">Old Santeclaus with Much Delight</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas" title="A Visit from St. Nicholas">A Visit from St. Nicholas</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_in_the_Workhouse" title="Christmas Day in the Workhouse">Christmas Day in the Workhouse</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journey_of_the_Magi" title="Journey of the Magi">Journey of the Magi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomten">Tomten</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of Christmas television specials">Christmas television specials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yule_Log_(TV_program)" title="Yule Log (TV program)">Yule Log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%">In modern society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Conspiracy" title="Advent Conspiracy">Advent Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(partying)" title="Black Friday (partying)">Black Friday (partying)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday (shopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronner%27s_Christmas_Wonderland" title="Bronner's Christmas Wonderland">Bronner's Christmas Wonderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_creep" title="Christmas creep">Christmas creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_(Trading)_Act_2004" title="Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004">Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Christmas Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Mountains" title="Christmas Mountains">Christmas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_controversies" title="Christmas controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_Christmas" title="Economics of Christmas">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinch" title="Grinch">Grinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Christmas_Lottery" title="Spanish Christmas Lottery">El Gordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_July" title="Christmas in July">In July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_August_(Yellowstone)" title="Christmas in August (Yellowstone)">In August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_Christmas_games" title="NBA Christmas games">NBA games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Christmas_Day" title="NFL on Christmas Day">NFL games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikkujoulu" title="Pikkujoulu">Pikkujoulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SantaCon" title="SantaCon">SantaCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_Candy_Castle" title="Santa's Candy Castle">Santa's Candy Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Village" title="Santa Claus Village">Santa Claus Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Scrooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Saturday" title="Super Saturday">Super Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Ugly sweaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_O%27Hanlon" title="Virginia O'Hanlon">Virginia O'Hanlon</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus" title="Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus">Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(weather)" title="White Christmas (weather)">White Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multinational_festivals_and_holidays" title="List of multinational festivals and holidays">Winter festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWE_Tribute_to_the_Troops" title="WWE Tribute to the Troops">WWE Tribute to the Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes" title="List of Christmas dishes">Food and drink</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" title="Christmas dinner">Dinner</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joulup%C3%B6yt%C3%A4" title="Joulupöytä">Joulupöytä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julebord" title="Julebord">Julebord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Dios" title="Kūčios">Kūčios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon" title="Réveillon">Réveillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_desserts" title="Thirteen desserts">Thirteen desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-dish_Christmas_Eve_supper" title="Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper">Twelve-dish supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">Smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigilia" title="Wigilia">Wigilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska" title="Baked Alaska">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_cane" title="Candy cane">Candy cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cake" title="Christmas cake">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookie" title="Christmas cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">Cozonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitcake" title="Fruitcake">Fruitcake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutia" title="Kutia">Kutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3wki" title="Makówki">Makówki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampushka" title="Pampushka">Pampushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlova_(cake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlova (cake)">Pavlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_velvet_cake" title="Red velvet cake">Red velvet cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plum" title="Sugar plum">Sugar plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szaloncukor" title="Szaloncukor">Szaloncukor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Turrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)" title="Yule log (cake)">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Soup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(soup)" title="Menudo (soup)">Menudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_sauce" title="Bread sauce">Bread sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcurrant_sauce" title="Redcurrant sauce">Redcurrant sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">Hot chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissel" title="Kissel">Kissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking Bishop">Smoking Bishop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponche_crema" title="Ponche crema">Ponche crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_(cocktail)" title="Snowball (cocktail)">Snowball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Dumplings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenyky" class="mw-redirect" title="Varenyky">Varenyky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Meat and fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_goose" title="Roast goose">Roast goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeritos" title="Romeritos">Romeritos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourti%C3%A8re" title="Tourtière">Tourtière</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">meat pie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas" title="Category:Christmas">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204191#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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