CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135ae39ae1c3e3b',cH: 'e3y9WudrIbWNZSBnVIFCTAEdED3CviD1IW_UbWcZ8Vw-1739794292-1.2.1.1-ezwquhVMn5kYg_wTU0NhVGUs_Lic4k5ZIYcecFHQjRgqR5p.kdmkev3ieCpZa.qX',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=shoe%20soles&__cf_chl_tk=3oDX43v31KFP1fgO5PULoDleHBHTKvBTx2h23z3b2w0-1739794292-1.0.1.1-41gzRMXtA5j0MBQZYjg_ryX42MjJ_ZKmx4xRsgrBIQQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794292',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=shoe%20soles&__cf_chl_f_tk=3oDX43v31KFP1fgO5PULoDleHBHTKvBTx2h23z3b2w0-1739794292-1.0.1.1-41gzRMXtA5j0MBQZYjg_ryX42MjJ_ZKmx4xRsgrBIQQ",md: "AkFmF0Yu.i7DlEhRxEStqvKabJ5vUiS4dN1_dZ3Yzwg-1739794292-1.2.1.1-GMNKGM8ljIRDBcE4yo.0Gxuc5QFQRwgdqiUWgUyo30mSW.DwvzUgzr8vWdkHKlnG5k5UeWtph1TmyhcJoOYkN5vqlofPgR53SvJZW.p8MG1En79TH0uVTNAc0_02SjDFUdolYnMt81EXKUcB7Y2H0Tg3xxMjvgsciYlu8elIiyDd3wE3p6mYLQYTooH_JpXUdSkh5pREUrFEE0keJFW3eZmMzpGr9cxhZv8ffrCENvoR3e_8VZbDpPQXUS9Uxpoo6OYGsSSdCKtv8jSBhs9npjE5eBUerqsGZEjXXVls8rAmLFx.lmhhfOqXjX60kDm4i4gJqT9n.KNuLpF87h1gYeTti7oXjmCYabgk5rSuB9gxLTLTS9ILlhJXm7B2r24OYAyKXbQ4nScZPR8JMip9z7wOTX.FT6vrJCV.DkDP0hYNTvj9Cca2o99TdqH79wCVrvlsUvmn4_4NYPsUkex1fOuEcQzmEOF2nIjh9YBCsXr_HRVQcN9_cmrHBS8aO6lg5ihkp2r5yldR.CjeM6BPBZRe_N.P.ItC71mZLa7gq970jOi3SjZfk_7EXgwcJ6oJ2mcVQOPTyarQod9eKULv5r2XTahLle4tc_n43kO3G6kK.TBRzai3K1V0KkH0ZoLhXTDUrh6T_sthlSZ5ynhPXhQxRjwMIkIFZIkMOhJcbZJUy4KiQ3SwwCETcNn_txOnvqfO__.ZIaGop9OALpnNafbokcaw2XpmnInajpvZDpABYc_.bhI4v8AUSy4VkNWjf6Y5F9aMnPCy_8_B324FPSQ1pkCaA_CF1y3f8BpBgNAxG1.F5TQUbsXXzezT4FYeehOupOLlkUR3IMOerdwABeoGCi3Pdlb3Gp5xxJDLbHBhMqRs9SH_TCXF1PK9AJc1AHTkHjniHF1V6rStLgxtS759M6eib86zYHeDNs_7nh0tt8PbEJIJ_F7EprSqlgHHpqbz9L0hLnHYoGR9ERUCn_vpc0dg8EHfJMxt.R2N0UxZ9p8CG3zDJXNS0P9PCyu8kYhwsuEQ5nQ4Wwne9Kf76Plj3nK4NBXtiwvrwI3bJ4gKoq0toYlYHg05F2SgYnLPbGW3Pg8hQkbhX_ZD3yIurYvn02_WoJCybq6HwtCc5q2FDT8dGEzokWX7DT1Sw8QEUNXsB1cfZr6IVnM6nUiNSyTzJA8mq6BoVdqlhEuEx0V9HwfdqlHk6HA1EAikQVdHqQqZpRJytmyDOVMsKzhSpFbyzIWGhn9toG1fQcXpi8eUW3OZP_wDARE.ZPI1yONHcdpR.g1UAPXMDVYuPFRwvT6KKhLsOOhHYKbBgqRon9aVP2qIDpWh6aCBEXq1O_hB1elSWXzO7E.ybL1xZbOQfql7SWocyy8g4Xi5AKpz.MLOxOGZzkYrY1OcNSJPVPNcNsSpiA7Z4KBRIUHyRYV2EhEgnSGtS8DJZH3Zjbqpe3lGreeBcEknyXWoH6dmSm7MfReinCHtkwveKwPDRX3YklU45zo4Zi5KH.VaGDl2BtVkGhccadYDJ0N4TFkR9KNpVXCLWkEzO7BfBW9tmLLqDxECIQjtTzdSYp2nc06l5FcbOOgV0iYAEVOf3yIlD05U3xMSkJYbdbUVCGgR2i40Ptu.eKhYh69NRcXNNkalXfv7Qe0wck9fMKuoh7xsMGwj6kTIlTovGWOA9MUA2h_A.zXBAf9y1BGeaRBwOiI2wodOFCyG6Mo7kfjJuFpQ.mqKdhvZv6kdVJWFo_QkLZW4MYgRvSoOLibSHqVT4YBJPtsoLpFP0SUGgY.crg1BveFAFdhSZRamBJDsw7CTCu6vLMxbeOu4o.gFhIgSSIFxU0LOVwJCpiPBwG1NBvtZNNTw_vWJyUsL1XA1D34lQzJ1zJcS6Naa3GA.GOvw6A35q.SRHqbLkRnUz1TYs.FC1aPRuifSesMhJ01RYn8W1T1NuA",mdrd: "tS7kCeMgH3OEihFYjHldZ_h4hRPHFxtN4Vq68Hx53B0-1739794292-1.2.1.1-_vEwSk8zQwJTf.ve7Y2ETjV_gws5BCeB1ATI1HkHTDqvWC2L7PdbInI63npDeaxMt5JCTQbCZ8lrg5F5JqAIlebwknev0ckwZgcuiPWYOYuKrlrlX4JDKLRKt1TjoupUOMl4OYDGR6CyjJmy_lidKlgnN3YzNUMJr3Da9zNvT2DtzQ9QALufVvuSn1yHIbOWGHl3zYqWmzi8qGlEy8dktlZXva1dKM9tRo_I8ef1RGghLsDa0IysGx7Rz82A8GmdYMuvVaKR4F3IUP5ldZY6tzeLaptL8kd7oyjkPOgOsQvdn90id065sazkuFDhhYrlPaNaY10UB1IJ33LoPtzgHVpWH.uICUaOriH5Anq3vrCifT5jWnPzh6ZHxNBjfMdLgbb4hNYZRO6tblc2oMbCsBgmLMVf4._t31vOZi86ie4j8pFzMyq.b4nUMhv2NQN8oQdoduySoLJlDrp.ebIYEJ.yESIqGQREcciDcpAN2edGgPdsA2RlrdyaBnWvidauYG9PYR2xvLaeFY.6moUZX6pOuKCeZNrdCBqr4gEzeBSNBMKyOJFBTPd_nk5nWUrGC2PgTQYBJbkjNeuT6VX3jKxqJGbi2dGe2PRGQ1yMT9.IkG_LyvlipiNUBLdhRpFWKpNVexMs.1V48z6vitp21uuf.zgRqsK5nnPucErrrEFjlGFmzjOK0.NrfHvT2nbPQ.ZSUlZRGO82yCtegD1rRHKWr9GI4vVocxj4..f9WEJncPr_WzIMNDwFvZrHZmKm17YnpmGVS0htVVm98ZQO1tDhsIs2EVjancImeeHi5r7LShYt01kYauXoUlPquHq24X4h293GWlYuaxmLA7CK057Doc18xBo3I8QoQgFOQ77q4ml3qBBwaL__RIA7t_IpPiQQIG1ndl71bpaeGIhxHylsl3plUfrnjR9WRw6HbjNihbXv5LVYIDrmIcEv.jb1Hy7adlzsYvtXkeLjjoZcH38mW2GrIKgDOKOip1_.D2ONUH76f0rwhrclaw0KJJR3clsj0ZcoKTIxgvS9DZOoutuC7fMsoJHz_D_uAxSEm6jrbxIf3xrR39VjK4SHI9pAwpsyit8SqPpo.ijK1rRXGv6no.KLU7X0g_iFFomgqqw.cT173QjqwLTFR3y83UGeHHzJ9d3RvRC6ybajQGtnvmq1zuAdqZgVmvjXRoEl1VAhbSzGyWXftChKqI1xEyXmfGR0a4UokwLVOLBcsjBV7Pv6pZOgew3UaFac11Nr4QVeORp5x79mlQ6hCgTl.9XXrFa4w4fOTcX8giweyrCMpumrQzAEE9Vn0M.4frxhUeJbLAxmCru6Iq_b_orYW7m.4FPsjNL6EMifo9JdgyPQTtnf.whmXB6YlWpazJlBY9unsVpKAInHdULd6Fzs6OszsITKrYmCrS2TQ1vHmkdr.GNGSc6cB6qqqaKqyCE12Q5pYZFlF926O.5.7x8Wq1xrjb3m7KEjO5Z6s8LBZbLFOOz.PZIE60AJTxe3yxCVGw7j7poXAshhXqSz2nLyjUXaN8_9g4WFCkzu8W6Z9CYJeb4HNgEojaaTbbbtmKJQPzQMJux5RRXXpTVshOMKMxsrA5xR4Fi0zlRtfLdQw7k62j_NyPg2guq8_nRJ3mV0ugGDv0zevq77TuMmrXdSdEb7q4pgeZmNbSCMjUsFufhjD7AgB3ERNnsO4pfPGQkMvCJiXQnuhHuZgnvhG.uPhsPlvHMvrvrYNDffgfNLLZeSRrRSY4EvZk2Szsf9uAPpUqRWtyZ5.OkWF81F5NmJZnBoGykEYi_3AjkpRXvp3TMzE9ekEwQuz0c_7xuCLIuSN1xgNO03VmfoGkMkaqHR8KNs9r0THKhjQW3M6VT8vryW7sLzKiWWsZ1jKqnPal3YiaQrsf2Eykf2Tn8RJqWTi0j.NsSdXr75mZgq7FGy5dCBwCSwGLk.dLhFNqcSwDoZQWcOYdR.flrttXyyx3O_v2xNANAGRwNnEsonVWXxG.avmw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135ae39ae1c3e3b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=shoe%20soles&__cf_chl_rt_tk=3oDX43v31KFP1fgO5PULoDleHBHTKvBTx2h23z3b2w0-1739794292-1.0.1.1-41gzRMXtA5j0MBQZYjg_ryX42MjJ_ZKmx4xRsgrBIQQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>