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欢迎页面</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>HTML 表格</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables">HTML 表格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics">HTML 表格基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced">HTML 表格进阶特性和无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data">作业:构建行星数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS">CSS——设计 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>CSS 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps">CSS 入门概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS">什么是 CSS?</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Getting_started">让我们开始 CSS 的学习之旅</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_is_structured">CSS 的组成</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_works">CSS 如何运行</a></li><li><a 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href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders">背景与边框</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions">处理不同方向的文本</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content">溢出的内容</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units">CSS 值和单位</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS">在 CSS 中调整大小</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements">图像、媒体和表单元素</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables">样式化表格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects">高级区块效果</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS">调试 CSS</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing">组织 CSS</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension">基本的 CSS 理解</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper">创建精美的信纸</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box">一个漂亮的盒子</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>样式化文本</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text">为文本添加样式(样式化文本)</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals">基本文本和字体样式</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists">为列表添加样式</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links">样式化链接</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts">Web 字体</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage">作业:排版社区大学首页</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details open=""><summary>CSS 排版</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout">CSS 布局</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction">介绍 CSS 布局</a></li><li><em><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow" aria-current="page">常规流布局</a></em></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox">弹性盒子</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids">网格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats">浮动</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning">定位</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout">多列布局</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design">响应式设计</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries">媒体查询入门指南</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods">传统的布局方法</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers">支持旧浏览器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension">作业:基本布局理解</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript">JavaScript——用户端动态脚本</a></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 第一步</summary><ol><li><a 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href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks">创建 JavaScript 代码块</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals">在代码中做决定——条件语句</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code">循环吧,代码</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions">函数——可复用的代码块</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function">创建你自己的函数</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values">函数返回值</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events">事件介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling">事件冒泡</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery">图片库</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 对象介绍</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects">JavaScript 对象入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics">JavaScript 对象基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes">对象原型</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming">面向对象编程基本概念</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript">JavaScript 中的类</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON">使用 JSON</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice">实践对象构造</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features">为“弹球”示例添加新功能</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>异步 JavaScript</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous">异步 JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing">异步 JavaScript 简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises">如何使用 Promise</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API">如何实现基于 Promise 的 API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers">workers 简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations">序列动画</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端 Web API</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs">客户端 Web API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction">Web API 简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents">操作文档</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data">从服务器获取数据</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs">第三方 API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics">绘图</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs">视频和音频 API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage">客户端存储</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms">Web 表单——与用户数据打交道</a></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单核心</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms">Web 表单构建块</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form">创建我的第一个表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form">如何构建 HTML 表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls">原生表单部件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types">HTML5 的输入(input)类型</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls">其他表单控件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms">样式化 Web 表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling">表单样式化进阶</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes">UI 伪类</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation">表单数据校验</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data">发送表单数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单进阶</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls">如何构建自定义表单控件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript">使用 JavaScript 发送表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls">表单控件兼容性列表</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers">旧式浏览器中的 HTML 表单</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility">无障碍——使每个人都能使用 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>无障碍指南</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility">无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility">什么是无障碍?</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML">HTML:无障碍的良好基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript">CSS 和 JavaScript 无障碍最佳实践</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics">WAI-ARIA 基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia">多媒体无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile">移动端无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting">测验:无障碍疑难解答</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance">性能——使网站快速响应</a></li><li><details><summary>性能指南</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance">Web 性能</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance">Web 性能的重要性</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance">什么是 web 性能?</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance">感知性能</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance">测量性能</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia">多媒体:图片</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/video">多媒体:视频</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript">JavaScript 性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML">HTML 性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS">CSS 性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance">web 性能的商业案例</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML">MathML——使用 MathML 语言撰写数学表达式</a></li><li><details><summary>MathML 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps">MathML 入门概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started">MathML 使用入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers">MathML 文本容器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots">MathML 分数和根号</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts">MathML 附加符号</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables">MathML 表格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas">三个著名的数学公式</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/../Games">游戏——开发 Web 游戏</a></li><li><details><summary>指南和基础教程</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Introduction">Web 游戏开发简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Techniques">游戏开发技术</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Tutorials">教程</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Publishing_games">发布游戏</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing">工具与测试</a></li><li><details><summary>客户端 web 开发工具</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools">理解客户端 web 开发工具</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview">客户端工具概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line">命令行速成课</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management">软件包管理基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain">介绍完整的工具链</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment">部署我们的应用</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端框架介绍</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction">客户端框架介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features">框架的主要特性</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>React</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started">React 入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning">开始我们的 React 待办清单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components">组件化我们的 React App</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Ember</summary><ol><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started">Getting started with Ember</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing">Routing in Ember</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Vue</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started">开始使用 Vue</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component">创建第一个 Vue 组件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists">渲染 Vue 组件列表</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models">使用 Vue event、method 和 model 添加一个新的 todo 表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling">使用 CSS 为 Vue 组件添加样式</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties">Vue 中的计算属性</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering">Vue 中的条件渲染:编辑现有的待办事项</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management">使用 Vue 模板引用进行焦点管理</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources">Vue 资源</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Svelte</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started">Svelte 入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning">开始编写我们的 Svelte 待办事项列表应用程序</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props">Svelte 中的动态行为:变量和属性</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components">将我们的 Svelte 应用组件化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility">Svelte 进阶:响应式、生命周期以及无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores">使用 Svelte store</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript">Svelte 对 TypeScript 的支持</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next">部署以及下一步</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Angular</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started">Angular 入门</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling">Styling our Angular app</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component">Creating an item component</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering">Filtering our to-do items</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Git 和 GitHub</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub">Git 和 GitHub</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>跨浏览器测试</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing">跨浏览器测试</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction">跨浏览器测试介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies">测试的策略</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS">处理常见的 HTML 和 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript">处理常见的 JavaScript 问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility">解决常见的无障碍问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection">实现特性检测</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing">自动化测试简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment">搭建自己的自动化测试环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side">服务端网页编程</a></li><li><details><summary>第一步</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps">服务端网站编程的第一步</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction">服务端编程介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview">客户端服务端交互概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks">服务端 web 框架</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security">站点安全</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Django Web 框架(Python)</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django">Django Web 框架 (python)</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction">Django 介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment">设置 Django 开发环境</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website">Django Tutorial Part 2: 创建网站的地基</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models">Django Tutorial Part 3: 使用模型</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django 管理员站点</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page">Django 教程 5:主页构建</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views">Django 教程 6: 通用列表和详细信息视图</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions">Django 教程 7: 会话框架</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication">Django 教程 8:用户授权与许可</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms">Django 教程 9: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing">Django 教程 10: 测试 Django 网页应用</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment">Django 教程 11:部署 Django 到生产环境</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security">Django Web 应用安全</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog">评估:DIY Django 微博客</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Express Web 框架(Node.js/JavaScript)</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs">Express Web 框架(Node.js/JavaScript)</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction">Express/Node 入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment">设置 Node 开发环境</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website">Express 教程:本地图书馆网站</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website">Express 教程 2:创建站点框架</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose">Express 教程 3:使用数据库 (Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes">Express 教程 4:路由和控制器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data">Express 教程 5: 呈现图书馆数据</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms">Express 教程 6: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment">Express 教程 7: 部署到生产环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions">更多资源</a></li><li><details><summary>常见问题</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions">常见问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto">使用 HTML 解决常见问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto">解决常见的 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto">解决 JavaSctript 代码的常见问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics">Web 机制</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup">工具和安装</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility">设计与无障碍</a></li></ol></details></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">在本文中</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?">元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#总结">总结</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="zh-CN"><header><h1>常规流布局</h1></header><div class="section-content"><ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction"><span class="button-wrap"> 上一页 </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout"><span class="button-wrap"> 概述:CSS 布局</span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox"><span class="button-wrap"> 下一页 </span></a></li> </ul> <p>本文介绍常规流布局,或者说,在你没有改变默认布局规则情况下的页面元素布局方式。</p> <figure class="table-container"><table> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">前提:</th> <td> HTML 基础知识(学习 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML">HTML 简介</a>),以及了解 CSS 如何工作的(学习 <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps">CSS 入门概述</a>)。 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">目标:</th> <td>在做出改动之前,能够解释浏览器默认的布局方式。</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></figure> <p>如上节对布局的介绍,如果你未曾应用任何 CSS 规则来改变网页中元素的展现方式,那么它们将会按照常规流布局来组织。同样地,正如我们一开始发现的那样,你可以通过调整元素位置,或者完全的移除元素来改变它们的表现效果。从一个简单的、结构良好并且在常规流布局下仍然易读的文档开始,是上手任何网页的最佳方式。这样确保了你的内容的易读性,即便用户使用受限的浏览器或者屏幕阅读设备。此外,由于常规流布局的设计初衷在于构建易读、合理的文档,遵循这样的指引原则,你在对布局做出改动时应该是与文档<em>协同</em>,而不是与之<em>对抗</em>。</p> <p>在深入探索不同的布局方式之前,你最好回顾一下在之前模块学习到的关于常规文档流的知识点。</p></div><section aria-labelledby="元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?"><h2 id="元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?"><a href="#元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?">元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>首先,取得元素的内容并将其放在一个独立的元素盒子中,然后在其周边加上内边距、边框和外边距——就是我们所说的<strong>盒子模型</strong>。</p> <p>默认情况下,一个<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Glossary/Block-level_content">块级元素</a>会填充其父元素所有的行向空间,并沿着其块向伸长以容纳其内容。<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Glossary/Inline-level_content">行级元素</a>的大小就是其本身的大小。你可以为某些 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/display"><code>display</code></a> 属性值默认为 <code>inline</code> 的元素(例如 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img"><code>&lt;img&gt;</code></a>)设置 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/width"><code>width</code></a> 或 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/height"><code>height</code></a>,但其 <code>display</code> 仍将保持为 <code>inline</code>。</p> <p>如果你想要控制行级元素的 <code>display</code> 属性,请使用 CSS 将其设置为块级元素(例如,使用 <code>display: block;</code> 或 <code>display: inline-block;</code>,后者混合了两者特性)。</p> <p>这样解释了独立元素的布局,但是元素之间又是如何相互影响的呢?常规流布局(在布局介绍里提到过)是一套用于在浏览器视口内组织元素如何放置的系统。默认地,块级元素按照基于其父元素的<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/writing-mode">书写模式</a>(<em>默认值</em>:horizontal-tb)的<em>块流动方向</em>(block flow direction)放置。每个块级元素会在上一个元素下面另起一行,它们会以指定的外边距分隔。以英语为例(或者其他水平书写、自上而下的书写模式中),块级元素是垂直组织的。</p> <p>行级(inline)元素的表现有所不同。它们不会另起一行;只要在其父级块级元素的宽度内有足够的空间,它们与其他内联元素、相邻(或换行)的文本内容被安排在同一行。如果空间不够,溢出的内容将下移到新的一行。</p> <p>如果两个垂直相邻的元素都设置了外边距并且两个外边距相接触,那么更大的外边距会被保留,小的则会消失——这被称为<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_box_model/Mastering_margin_collapsing"><strong>外边距折叠</strong></a>。外边距折叠仅与<strong>垂直方向</strong>有关。</p> <p>我们来看一个对全部这些做出解释的简单示例:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code>&lt;h1&gt;基础文档流&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p&gt;我是一个基本的块级元素。我的相邻块级元素在我的下方另起一行。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 默认情况下,我们会占据父元素 100% 的宽度,并且我们的高度与我们的子元素内容一样高。我们的总宽度和高度是我们的内容 + 内边距 + 边框宽度/高度。 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 我们以我们的外边距分隔。由于外边距折叠,我们以其中一个外边距的宽度分隔,而不是两个。 &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 如果在同一行上足够的空间,行级元素(如&lt;span&gt;这个&lt;/span&gt;和&lt;span&gt;这个&lt;/span&gt;),那么它们将与相邻的文本节点将会一起放置在同一行上。如果行级元素溢出,&lt;span&gt;那么它们将会换行,就像这个包含文本的行级元素一样&lt;/span&gt;,或者如果没有足够的空间,那么它们将会换到新的一行,就像这个图片一样: &lt;img src="long.jpg" alt="snippet of cloth" /&gt; &lt;/p&gt; </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css notranslate"><code>body { width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; } p { background: rgba(255, 84, 104, 0.3); border: 2px solid rgb(255, 84, 104); padding: 10px; margin: 10px; } span { background: white; border: 1px solid black; } </code></pre></div><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="元素在默认情况下是如何布局的? sample" id="frame_元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?" width="100%" height="500" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow" data-live-id="元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="总结"><h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结">总结</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>在本节中,你学习了常规流布局的基础指示——知晓元素的默认 CSS 布局方式。通过了解行级元素、块级元素以及外边距的默认行为,在未来你可以更轻松地修改这些行为。</p> <p>在下一节,我们将会在这些基础指示的基础上,使用<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox">弹性盒子</a>来修改元素的 CSS 布局方式。</p><ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction"><span class="button-wrap"> 上一页 </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout"><span class="button-wrap"> 概述:CSS 布局</span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox"><span class="button-wrap"> 下一页 </span></a></li> 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href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Dealing_with_files\">处理文件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics\">HTML 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/CSS_basics\">CSS 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/JavaScript_basics\">JavaScript 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Publishing_your_website\">发布你的网站</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/How_the_Web_works\">万维网是如何工作的</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML\">HTML——构建 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>HTML 介绍</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML\">HTML 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started\">开始学习 HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/The_head_metadata_in_HTML\">“头”里有什么——HTML 元信息</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals\">HTML 文本处理基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks\">创建超链接</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting\">文本格式进阶</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure\">文档与网站架构</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML\">HTML 调试</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter\">标记信件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content\">构建网页内容</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>多媒体与嵌入</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding\">多媒体与嵌入</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML\">HTML 中的图片</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content\">视频和音频内容</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies\">从 object 到 iframe——其他嵌入技术</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web\">向 web 中添加矢量图形</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images\">响应式图片</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page\">Mozilla 欢迎页面</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>HTML 表格</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables\">HTML 表格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics\">HTML 表格基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced\">HTML 表格进阶特性和无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data\">作业:构建行星数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS\">CSS——设计 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>CSS 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps\">CSS 入门概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS\">什么是 CSS?</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Getting_started\">让我们开始 CSS 的学习之旅</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_is_structured\">CSS 的组成</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_works\">CSS 如何运行</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Styling_a_biography_page\">运用你的新知识</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS 基础</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks\">CSS 构建</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors\">CSS 选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Type_Class_and_ID_Selectors\">类型、类和 ID 选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Attribute_selectors\">属性选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Pseudo-classes_and_pseudo-elements\">伪类和伪元素</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Combinators\">关系选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_and_inheritance\">层叠、优先级与继承</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_layers\">层叠层</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model\">盒模型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders\">背景与边框</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions\">处理不同方向的文本</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content\">溢出的内容</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units\">CSS 值和单位</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS\">在 CSS 中调整大小</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements\">图像、媒体和表单元素</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables\">样式化表格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects\">高级区块效果</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS\">调试 CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing\">组织 CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension\">基本的 CSS 理解</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper\">创建精美的信纸</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box\">一个漂亮的盒子</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>样式化文本</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text\">为文本添加样式(样式化文本)</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals\">基本文本和字体样式</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists\">为列表添加样式</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links\">样式化链接</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts\">Web 字体</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage\">作业:排版社区大学首页</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details open=\"\"><summary>CSS 排版</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout\">CSS 布局</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction\">介绍 CSS 布局</a></li><li><em><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow\" aria-current=\"page\">常规流布局</a></em></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox\">弹性盒子</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids\">网格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats\">浮动</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning\">定位</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout\">多列布局</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\">响应式设计</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries\">媒体查询入门指南</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods\">传统的布局方法</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers\">支持旧浏览器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension\">作业:基本布局理解</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript\">JavaScript——用户端动态脚本</a></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps\">JavaScript 第一步</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript\">什么是 JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/A_first_splash\">JavaScript 初体验</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_went_wrong\">查找并解决 JavaScript 代码的错误</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables\">如何存储你需要的信息——变量</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Math\">JavaScript 中的基础数学 — 数字和操作符</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Strings\">文本处理——JavaScript 中的字符串</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Useful_string_methods\">有用的字符串方法</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Arrays\">数组</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Silly_story_generator\">笑话生成器</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 基础</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks\">创建 JavaScript 代码块</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals\">在代码中做决定——条件语句</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code\">循环吧,代码</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions\">函数——可复用的代码块</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function\">创建你自己的函数</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values\">函数返回值</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events\">事件介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling\">事件冒泡</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery\">图片库</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 对象介绍</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects\">JavaScript 对象入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics\">JavaScript 对象基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes\">对象原型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming\">面向对象编程基本概念</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript\">JavaScript 中的类</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON\">使用 JSON</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice\">实践对象构造</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features\">为“弹球”示例添加新功能</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>异步 JavaScript</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous\">异步 JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing\">异步 JavaScript 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises\">如何使用 Promise</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API\">如何实现基于 Promise 的 API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers\">workers 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations\">序列动画</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端 Web API</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs\">客户端 Web API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction\">Web API 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents\">操作文档</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data\">从服务器获取数据</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs\">第三方 API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics\">绘图</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs\">视频和音频 API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage\">客户端存储</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web 表单——与用户数据打交道</a></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单核心</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web 表单构建块</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form\">创建我的第一个表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form\">如何构建 HTML 表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls\">原生表单部件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types\">HTML5 的输入(input)类型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls\">其他表单控件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms\">样式化 Web 表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling\">表单样式化进阶</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes\">UI 伪类</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation\">表单数据校验</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data\">发送表单数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单进阶</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls\">如何构建自定义表单控件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript\">使用 JavaScript 发送表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls\">表单控件兼容性列表</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers\">旧式浏览器中的 HTML 表单</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">无障碍——使每个人都能使用 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>无障碍指南</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility\">什么是无障碍?</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML\">HTML:无障碍的良好基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript\">CSS 和 JavaScript 无障碍最佳实践</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics\">WAI-ARIA 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia\">多媒体无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile\">移动端无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting\">测验:无障碍疑难解答</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance\">性能——使网站快速响应</a></li><li><details><summary>性能指南</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance\">Web 性能</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance\">Web 性能的重要性</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance\">什么是 web 性能?</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance\">感知性能</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance\">测量性能</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia\">多媒体:图片</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/video\">多媒体:视频</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript\">JavaScript 性能优化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML\">HTML 性能优化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS\">CSS 性能优化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance\">web 性能的商业案例</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML\">MathML——使用 MathML 语言撰写数学表达式</a></li><li><details><summary>MathML 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps\">MathML 入门概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started\">MathML 使用入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers\">MathML 文本容器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots\">MathML 分数和根号</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts\">MathML 附加符号</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables\">MathML 表格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas\">三个著名的数学公式</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/../Games\">游戏——开发 Web 游戏</a></li><li><details><summary>指南和基础教程</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Introduction\">Web 游戏开发简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Techniques\">游戏开发技术</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Tutorials\">教程</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Publishing_games\">发布游戏</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing\">工具与测试</a></li><li><details><summary>客户端 web 开发工具</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools\">理解客户端 web 开发工具</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview\">客户端工具概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line\">命令行速成课</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management\">软件包管理基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain\">介绍完整的工具链</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment\">部署我们的应用</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端框架介绍</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction\">客户端框架介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features\">框架的主要特性</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>React</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started\">React 入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning\">开始我们的 React 待办清单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components\">组件化我们的 React App</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state\">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering\">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility\">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources\">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Ember</summary><ol><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started\">Getting started with Ember</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization\">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state\">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer\">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing\">Routing in Ember</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources\">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Vue</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started\">开始使用 Vue</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component\">创建第一个 Vue 组件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists\">渲染 Vue 组件列表</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models\">使用 Vue event、method 和 model 添加一个新的 todo 表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling\">使用 CSS 为 Vue 组件添加样式</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties\">Vue 中的计算属性</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering\">Vue 中的条件渲染:编辑现有的待办事项</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management\">使用 Vue 模板引用进行焦点管理</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources\">Vue 资源</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Svelte</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started\">Svelte 入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning\">开始编写我们的 Svelte 待办事项列表应用程序</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props\">Svelte 中的动态行为:变量和属性</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components\">将我们的 Svelte 应用组件化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility\">Svelte 进阶:响应式、生命周期以及无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores\">使用 Svelte store</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript\">Svelte 对 TypeScript 的支持</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next\">部署以及下一步</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Angular</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started\">Angular 入门</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling\">Styling our Angular app</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component\">Creating an item component</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering\">Filtering our to-do items</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building\">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Git 和 GitHub</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub\">Git 和 GitHub</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>跨浏览器测试</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing\">跨浏览器测试</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction\">跨浏览器测试介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies\">测试的策略</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS\">处理常见的 HTML 和 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript\">处理常见的 JavaScript 问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility\">解决常见的无障碍问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection\">实现特性检测</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing\">自动化测试简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment\">搭建自己的自动化测试环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side\">服务端网页编程</a></li><li><details><summary>第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps\">服务端网站编程的第一步</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction\">服务端编程介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview\">客户端服务端交互概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks\">服务端 web 框架</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security\">站点安全</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Django Web 框架(Python)</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django\">Django Web 框架 (python)</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction\">Django 介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment\">设置 Django 开发环境</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website\">Django Tutorial Part 2: 创建网站的地基</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models\">Django Tutorial Part 3: 使用模型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site\">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django 管理员站点</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page\">Django 教程 5:主页构建</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views\">Django 教程 6: 通用列表和详细信息视图</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions\">Django 教程 7: 会话框架</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication\">Django 教程 8:用户授权与许可</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms\">Django 教程 9: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing\">Django 教程 10: 测试 Django 网页应用</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment\">Django 教程 11:部署 Django 到生产环境</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security\">Django Web 应用安全</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog\">评估:DIY Django 微博客</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Express Web 框架(Node.js/JavaScript)</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs\">Express Web 框架(Node.js/JavaScript)</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction\">Express/Node 入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment\">设置 Node 开发环境</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Express 教程:本地图书馆网站</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website\">Express 教程 2:创建站点框架</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose\">Express 教程 3:使用数据库 (Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes\">Express 教程 4:路由和控制器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data\">Express 教程 5: 呈现图书馆数据</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms\">Express 教程 6: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment\">Express 教程 7: 部署到生产环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">更多资源</a></li><li><details><summary>常见问题</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">常见问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto\">使用 HTML 解决常见问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto\">解决常见的 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto\">解决 JavaSctript 代码的常见问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics\">Web 机制</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup\">工具和安装</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility\">设计与无障碍</a></li></ol></details></li></ol>","sidebarMacro":"LearnSidebar","body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<ul class=\"prev-next\">\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 上一页 </span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 概述:CSS 布局</span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 下一页 </span></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>本文介绍常规流布局,或者说,在你没有改变默认布局规则情况下的页面元素布局方式。</p>\n<figure class=\"table-container\"><table>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">前提:</th>\n <td>\n HTML 基础知识(学习\n <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML\">HTML 简介</a>),以及了解 CSS 如何工作的(学习\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps\">CSS 入门概述</a>)。\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">目标:</th>\n <td>在做出改动之前,能够解释浏览器默认的布局方式。</td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>\n<p>如上节对布局的介绍,如果你未曾应用任何 CSS 规则来改变网页中元素的展现方式,那么它们将会按照常规流布局来组织。同样地,正如我们一开始发现的那样,你可以通过调整元素位置,或者完全的移除元素来改变它们的表现效果。从一个简单的、结构良好并且在常规流布局下仍然易读的文档开始,是上手任何网页的最佳方式。这样确保了你的内容的易读性,即便用户使用受限的浏览器或者屏幕阅读设备。此外,由于常规流布局的设计初衷在于构建易读、合理的文档,遵循这样的指引原则,你在对布局做出改动时应该是与文档<em>协同</em>,而不是与之<em>对抗</em>。</p>\n<p>在深入探索不同的布局方式之前,你最好回顾一下在之前模块学习到的关于常规文档流的知识点。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?","title":"元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?","isH3":false,"content":"<p>首先,取得元素的内容并将其放在一个独立的元素盒子中,然后在其周边加上内边距、边框和外边距——就是我们所说的<strong>盒子模型</strong>。</p>\n<p>默认情况下,一个<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Glossary/Block-level_content\">块级元素</a>会填充其父元素所有的行向空间,并沿着其块向伸长以容纳其内容。<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Glossary/Inline-level_content\">行级元素</a>的大小就是其本身的大小。你可以为某些 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/display\"><code>display</code></a> 属性值默认为 <code>inline</code> 的元素(例如 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img\"><code>&lt;img&gt;</code></a>)设置 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/width\"><code>width</code></a> 或 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/height\"><code>height</code></a>,但其 <code>display</code> 仍将保持为 <code>inline</code>。</p>\n<p>如果你想要控制行级元素的 <code>display</code> 属性,请使用 CSS 将其设置为块级元素(例如,使用 <code>display: block;</code> 或 <code>display: inline-block;</code>,后者混合了两者特性)。</p>\n<p>这样解释了独立元素的布局,但是元素之间又是如何相互影响的呢?常规流布局(在布局介绍里提到过)是一套用于在浏览器视口内组织元素如何放置的系统。默认地,块级元素按照基于其父元素的<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/writing-mode\">书写模式</a>(<em>默认值</em>:horizontal-tb)的<em>块流动方向</em>(block flow direction)放置。每个块级元素会在上一个元素下面另起一行,它们会以指定的外边距分隔。以英语为例(或者其他水平书写、自上而下的书写模式中),块级元素是垂直组织的。</p>\n<p>行级(inline)元素的表现有所不同。它们不会另起一行;只要在其父级块级元素的宽度内有足够的空间,它们与其他内联元素、相邻(或换行)的文本内容被安排在同一行。如果空间不够,溢出的内容将下移到新的一行。</p>\n<p>如果两个垂直相邻的元素都设置了外边距并且两个外边距相接触,那么更大的外边距会被保留,小的则会消失——这被称为<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_box_model/Mastering_margin_collapsing\"><strong>外边距折叠</strong></a>。外边距折叠仅与<strong>垂直方向</strong>有关。</p>\n<p>我们来看一个对全部这些做出解释的简单示例:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code>&lt;h1&gt;基础文档流&lt;/h1&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;我是一个基本的块级元素。我的相邻块级元素在我的下方另起一行。&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;\n 默认情况下,我们会占据父元素 100%\n 的宽度,并且我们的高度与我们的子元素内容一样高。我们的总宽度和高度是我们的内容\n + 内边距 + 边框宽度/高度。\n&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;\n 我们以我们的外边距分隔。由于外边距折叠,我们以其中一个外边距的宽度分隔,而不是两个。\n&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;\n 如果在同一行上足够的空间,行级元素(如&lt;span&gt;这个&lt;/span&gt;和&lt;span&gt;这个&lt;/span&gt;),那么它们将与相邻的文本节点将会一起放置在同一行上。如果行级元素溢出,&lt;span&gt;那么它们将会换行,就像这个包含文本的行级元素一样&lt;/span&gt;,或者如果没有足够的空间,那么它们将会换到新的一行,就像这个图片一样:\n &lt;img src=\"long.jpg\" alt=\"snippet of cloth\" /&gt;\n&lt;/p&gt;\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css notranslate\"><code>body {\n width: 500px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n}\n\np {\n background: rgba(255, 84, 104, 0.3);\n border: 2px solid rgb(255, 84, 104);\n padding: 10px;\n margin: 10px;\n}\n\nspan {\n background: white;\n border: 1px solid black;\n}\n</code></pre></div><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"元素在默认情况下是如何布局的? sample\" id=\"frame_元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow\" data-live-id=\"元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"总结","title":"总结","isH3":false,"content":"<p>在本节中,你学习了常规流布局的基础指示——知晓元素的默认 CSS 布局方式。通过了解行级元素、块级元素以及外边距的默认行为,在未来你可以更轻松地修改这些行为。</p>\n<p>在下一节,我们将会在这些基础指示的基础上,使用<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox\">弹性盒子</a>来修改元素的 CSS 布局方式。</p><ul class=\"prev-next\">\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 上一页 </span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 概述:CSS 布局</span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 下一页 </span></a></li>\n</ul>"}}],"toc":[{"text":"元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?","id":"元素在默认情况下是如何布局的?"},{"text":"总结","id":"总结"}],"summary":"本文介绍常规流布局,或者说,在你没有改变默认布局规则情况下的页面元素布局方式。","popularity":0,"modified":"2023-07-22T10:36:22.000Z","other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"Normaler Fluss","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"en-US","title":"Normal Flow","native":"English (US)"},{"locale":"es","title":"Flujo normal","native":"Español"},{"locale":"fr","title":"Flux normal","native":"Français"},{"locale":"ja","title":"通常フロー","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"ko","title":"일반 대열","native":"한국어"},{"locale":"pt-BR","title":"Fluxo Normal","native":"Português (do Brasil)"},{"locale":"ru","title":"Базовый поток","native":"Русский"}],"pageType":"unknown","source":{"folder":"zh-cn/learn/css/css_layout/normal_flow","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/blob/main/files/zh-cn/learn/css/css_layout/normal_flow/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/commit/448483b937d5ee30f6ed8d849c42d4d57454e6ad","filename":"index.md"},"short_title":"常规流布局","parents":[{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn","title":"学习 Web 开发"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS","title":"学习使用 CSS 为 HTML 添加样式"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout","title":"CSS 布局"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow","title":"常规流布局"}],"pageTitle":"常规流布局 - 学习 Web 开发 | MDN","noIndexing":false}}</script></body></html>

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