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(PDF) Quantifying the impact of freshwater diatom productivity on silicon isotopes and silicon fluxes: Lake Myvatn, Iceland
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window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":1117227,"created_at":"2011-11-26T07:45:16.911-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-12T01:15:33.493-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Keywords: silicon isotopes diatom biogenic Si dissolution groundwater Lake Myvatn Iceland Diatom productivity in the oceans plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle, but is strongly dependent upon the continental silicon supply. However, the relative influence of weathering and biological processes on continental Si fluxes remains poorly constrained. This study aims to quantify the impact of terrestrial diatom productivity on Si fluxes to the ocean. Lake Myvatn in North Iceland is one of the most productive lakes in the Northern Hemisphere, with nutrient-rich waters almost uniquely sourced by groundwater. The primary production is mainly controlled by diatom growth but also by cyanobacteria, and the lake output is via a single river, thereby providing a relatively simple natural laboratory to quantify the impact of diatom growth on the chemistry and Si budget of lake waters. Silicon stable isotopes (δ 30 Si) provide a tracer of this biocycling, and have been measured in groundwater inputs to the lake, and in time-series monitoring of waters at the lake outlet. The δ 30 Si values at the outlet range from + 0.70 ± 0.08 to + 1.42 ± 0.06‰, which is significantly heavier than the groundwater input (average cold and hot springs: + 0.50 ± 0.17‰, 2SD) and consistent with the preferential uptake of light Si isotopes by diatoms. The δ 30 Si value at the outlet increases by up to 0.9‰ in spring and autumn relative to the Si isotope composition of the inflow. These seasonal diatom blooms can be modeled by an open system of Si uptake and affect Si fluxes at the outlet of the lake by up to 79%, or 53% integrated over the year. In the summer a shift to lighter δ 30 Si values is correlated with a higher pH, which results in dissolution of diatoms releasing light Si isotopes. From mass balance, this seasonal diatom dissolution affects Si fluxes by up to 33%, but is limited to 3.7% integrated over the year. These results clearly illustrate that biological activity can have a significant impact on both isotope composition and elemental abundance of continental derived Si. They also demonstrate the pH dependency of diatom dissolution and/or preservation, which is likely to affect not only the continental Si fluxes to the ocean but also the Si recycling in the oceans themselves.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"6880366"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Quantifying the impact of freshwater diatom productivity on silicon isotopes and silicon fluxes: Lake Myvatn, Iceland","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [327766]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":6880366,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Quantifying the impact of freshwater diatom productivity on silicon isotopes and silicon fluxes: Lake Myvatn, Iceland”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/6880366/mini_magick20190427-30916-1u7e7x9.png?1556367292" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Quantifying the impact of freshwater diatom productivity on silicon isotopes and silicon fluxes: Lake Myvatn, Iceland</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="327766" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/ChrisSiebert"><img alt="Profile image of Chris Siebert" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/327766/354915/425562/s65_chris.siebert.jpg" />Chris Siebert</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 1117227; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=1117227"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Keywords: silicon isotopes diatom biogenic Si dissolution groundwater Lake Myvatn Iceland Diatom productivity in the oceans plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle, but is strongly dependent upon the continental silicon supply. However, the relative influence of weathering and biological processes on continental Si fluxes remains poorly constrained. This study aims to quantify the impact of terrestrial diatom productivity on Si fluxes to the ocean. Lake Myvatn in North Iceland is one of the most productive lakes in the Northern Hemisphere, with nutrient-rich waters almost uniquely sourced by groundwater. The primary production is mainly controlled by diatom growth but also by cyanobacteria, and the lake output is via a single river, thereby providing a relatively simple natural laboratory to quantify the impact of diatom growth on the chemistry and Si budget of lake waters. Silicon stable isotopes (δ 30 Si) provide a tracer of this biocycling, and have been measured in groundwater inputs to the lake, and in time-series monitoring of waters at the lake outlet. The δ 30 Si values at the outlet range from + 0.70 ± 0.08 to + 1.42 ± 0.06‰, which is significantly heavier than the groundwater input (average cold and hot springs: + 0.50 ± 0.17‰, 2SD) and consistent with the preferential uptake of light Si isotopes by diatoms. The δ 30 Si value at the outlet increases by up to 0.9‰ in spring and autumn relative to the Si isotope composition of the inflow. These seasonal diatom blooms can be modeled by an open system of Si uptake and affect Si fluxes at the outlet of the lake by up to 79%, or 53% integrated over the year. In the summer a shift to lighter δ 30 Si values is correlated with a higher pH, which results in dissolution of diatoms releasing light Si isotopes. From mass balance, this seasonal diatom dissolution affects Si fluxes by up to 33%, but is limited to 3.7% integrated over the year. These results clearly illustrate that biological activity can have a significant impact on both isotope composition and elemental abundance of continental derived Si. They also demonstrate the pH dependency of diatom dissolution and/or preservation, which is likely to affect not only the continental Si fluxes to the ocean but also the Si recycling in the oceans themselves.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":6880366,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1117227/Quantifying_the_impact_of_freshwater_diatom_productivity_on_silicon_isotopes_and_silicon_fluxes_Lake_Myvatn_Iceland"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":6880366,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1117227/Quantifying_the_impact_of_freshwater_diatom_productivity_on_silicon_isotopes_and_silicon_fluxes_Lake_Myvatn_Iceland"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="1117227" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of freshwater diatom productivity on silicon isotopes and silicon fluxes: Lake Myvatn, Iceland","attachmentId":116423853,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121583812/Impact_of_freshwater_diatom_productivity_on_silicon_isotopes_and_silicon_fluxes_Lake_Myvatn_Iceland","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121583812/Impact_of_freshwater_diatom_productivity_on_silicon_isotopes_and_silicon_fluxes_Lake_Myvatn_Iceland"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="90040105" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90040105/Climate_dependent_diatom_production_is_preserved_in_biogenic_Si_isotope_signatures">Climate dependent diatom production is preserved in biogenic Si isotope signatures</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49174474" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarlmagnusMorth">Carl-magnus Morth</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biogeosciences, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of this study was to reconstruct diatom production in the subarctic northern tip of the Baltic Sea, Bothnian Bay, based on down-core analysis of Si isotopes in biogenic silica (BSi). Dating of the sediment showed that the samples covered the period 1820 to 2000. The sediment core record can be divided into two periods, an unperturbed period from 1820 to 1950 and a second period affected by human activities (from 1950 to 2000). This has been observed elsewhere in the Baltic Sea. The shift in the sediment core record after 1950 is likely caused by large scale damming of rivers. Diatom production was inferred from the Si isotope composition which ranged between δ 30 Si −0.18 ‰ and +0.58 ‰ in BSi, and assuming fractionation patterns due to the Raleigh distillation, the production was shown to be correlated with air and water temperature, which in turn were correlated with the mixed layer(ML) depth. The sedimentary record showed that the deeper ML depth observed in colder years resulted in less production of diatoms. Pelagic investigations in the 1990's have clearly shown that diatom production in the Baltic Sea is controlled by the ML depth. Especially after cold winters and deep water mixing, diatom production was limited and dissolved silicate (DSi) concentrations were not depleted in the water column after the spring bloom. Our method corroborates these findings and offers a new method to estimate diatom production over much longer periods of time in diatom dominated aquatic systems, i.e. a large part of the world's ocean and coastal seas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate dependent diatom production is preserved in biogenic Si isotope signatures","attachmentId":93713742,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90040105/Climate_dependent_diatom_production_is_preserved_in_biogenic_Si_isotope_signatures","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90040105/Climate_dependent_diatom_production_is_preserved_in_biogenic_Si_isotope_signatures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="89096532" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89096532/Effects_of_growth_and_dissolution_on_the_fractionation_of_silicon_isotopes_by_estuarine_diatoms">Effects of growth and dissolution on the fractionation of silicon isotopes by estuarine diatoms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6263153" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PAndersson">Per Andersson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Studies of silicon (Si) isotope fractionation during diatom growth in open ocean systems have documented lower Si isotopic values (δ 30 Si) in the biogenic silica of diatom frustules compared to dissolved silicon. Recent findings also indicate that Si isotope fractionation occurs during dissolution of diatom frustules, producing higher δ 30 Si values in the remaining biogenic silica. This study focuses on diatoms from high production areas in estuarine and coastal areas that represent approximately 30 to 50% of the global marine primary production. Two species of diatoms, Thalassiosira baltica and Skeletonema marinoi, were isolated from the brackish Baltic Sea, one of the</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of growth and dissolution on the fractionation of silicon isotopes by estuarine diatoms","attachmentId":92958354,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89096532/Effects_of_growth_and_dissolution_on_the_fractionation_of_silicon_isotopes_by_estuarine_diatoms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89096532/Effects_of_growth_and_dissolution_on_the_fractionation_of_silicon_isotopes_by_estuarine_diatoms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="60114269" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60114269/Modern_silicon_dynamics_of_a_small_high_latitude_subarctic_lake">Modern silicon dynamics of a small high-latitude subarctic lake</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51362650" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarolinaOlid">Carolina Olid</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biogeosciences</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modern silicon dynamics of a small high-latitude subarctic lake","attachmentId":73697860,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60114269/Modern_silicon_dynamics_of_a_small_high_latitude_subarctic_lake","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60114269/Modern_silicon_dynamics_of_a_small_high_latitude_subarctic_lake"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="59717911" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59717911/Sources_and_fates_of_silicon_in_the_ocean_the_role_of_diatoms_in_the_climate_and_glacial_cycles">Sources and fates of silicon in the ocean: the role of diatoms in the climate and glacial cycles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45482819" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardDugdale">Richard Dugdale</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientia Marina, 2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Diatoms with their fast growth rates and obligate requirement for Si have a unique relationship to the oceanic Si cycle with the potential for controlling the nutrient and CO 2 environment of large important areas of the ocean. The new production of diatoms based on both new nitrogen and Si sources is described using a Si-pump based upon the differential regeneration of the two elements. This approach, applied to the eastern equatorial Pacific, showed diatoms to respond as in a Si-limited chemostat, to the low source Si(OH) 4 in the Equatorial UnderCurrent. Increased Si(OH) 4 results in increased diatom productivity, suppression of non-diatom populations and decreased surface pCO 2. The deficiency in source concentrations of Si(OH) 4 results from low Si(OH) 4 :NO 3 water originating in the vicinity of the Antarctic Polar Front, a consequence of the extraordinary trapping of Si by the Southern Ocean. In glacial periods this trapping is reduced several fold and likely results in increased Si(OH) 4 export to the north, and increased Si(OH) 4 production and deposition at the equatorial Pacific which can be expected to reduce surface pCO 2. The connections between the eastern equatorial Pacific export production and Southern Ocean Si trapping may provide a major biogeochemical feedback system with implications for contemporary and paleoclimatology.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sources and fates of silicon in the ocean: the role of diatoms in the climate and glacial cycles","attachmentId":73496657,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59717911/Sources_and_fates_of_silicon_in_the_ocean_the_role_of_diatoms_in_the_climate_and_glacial_cycles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59717911/Sources_and_fates_of_silicon_in_the_ocean_the_role_of_diatoms_in_the_climate_and_glacial_cycles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="4957333" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4957333/Silicon_isotopes_in_spring_Southern_Ocean_diatoms_Large_zonal_changes_despite_homogeneity_among_size_fractions">Silicon isotopes in spring Southern Ocean diatoms: Large zonal changes despite homogeneity among size fractions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6532508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DamienNICOLAS">Damien NICOLAS</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Chemistry, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We determine Southern Ocean diatom silicon isotopic signatures and compare them with the previously published data for dissolved silicic acid from the same locations. Five stations distributed along the WOCE SR-3 transect (Australian Sector of the Southern Ocean) in different biogeochemical provinces are presented: Polar Front and Inter-Polar Front Zones (PFZ-IPFZ), Southern Antarctic Zone (AZ-S), Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ). Total (N 0.4 μm), medium-sized (20-70 μm), and large diatoms (N 70 μm) were sampled at 2-4 depths in the upper 150 m. Silicon isotopic compositions of biogenic silica (diatoms) and seawater were then measured by MC-ICP-MS, in dry plasma mode using external Mg doping. Results are expressed as δ 29 Si relative to the NBS28 standard. The isotopic composition of diatoms (δ 29 Si BSi ) is generally homogeneous in the mixed layer and does not exhibit a systematic isotopic fractionation linked to a size effect. δ 29 Si BSi are always lighter than the ambient dissolved silicic acid signatures (δ 29 Si DSi ), reflecting the preferential uptake of light isotopes by diatoms. A trend of lighter isotopic signatures southward is observed both in diatoms and seawater samples but the δ 29 Si BSi latitudinal gradient is much steeper. A diatom signature as low as −0.26‰ in the southernmost SIZ station strongly contrasts with the + 0.65‰ signature measured on PFZ diatoms. The difference between the ambient dissolved silicic acid and diatom isotopic signatures, Δ 29 Si, strongly increases southward: from 0.4 in the PFZ up to 1.08‰ in the SIZ. This points toward occurrence of mixing events in the PFZ-IPFZ with diatoms not being under equilibrium with their surrounding water and/or, possible variation of the diatom-seawater equilibrium fractionation factor, 29 ε. Apart from mixing, we found that the other parameters likely responsible of such variation are temperature, dissolved Si contents and, Si specific uptake and dissolution rates although at this stage none of these could be clearly recognized as the leading cause. Thorough examination of these parameters through in vitro experiments reflecting the extreme Southern Ocean conditions is needed to determine whether the observed latitudinal variation of Δ 29 Si reflects real variable fractionation or results from nonequilibrium or different time-scales recorded between dissolved and biogenic Si isotopic signatures. Our results also call for the development of more realistic models for describing short-term isotopic composition changes due to e.g. Si consumption, export Marine Chemistry xx xxxxxx + MODEL MARCHE-02360; No of Pages 17 www.elsevier.com/locate/marchem ☆ This work is gratefully dedicated to the memory of Roland Wollast as a special recognition of the excellence of his pioneer work on the silicon cycle. His brilliance, intuitive insights, kindness and zest for life are sadly missed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Silicon isotopes in spring Southern Ocean diatoms: Large zonal changes despite homogeneity among size fractions","attachmentId":32210062,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4957333/Silicon_isotopes_in_spring_Southern_Ocean_diatoms_Large_zonal_changes_despite_homogeneity_among_size_fractions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4957333/Silicon_isotopes_in_spring_Southern_Ocean_diatoms_Large_zonal_changes_despite_homogeneity_among_size_fractions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="13939046" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13939046/Diatom_silicon_isotopes_as_a_proxy_for_silicic_acid_utilisation_A_Southern_Ocean_core_top_calibration">Diatom silicon isotopes as a proxy for silicic acid utilisation: A Southern Ocean core top calibration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32998835" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/KatharineHendry">Katharine Hendry</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Despite a growing body of work that uses diatom d 30 Si to reconstruct past changes in silicic acid utilisation, few studies have focused on calibrating core top data with modern oceanographic conditions. In this study, a microfiltration technique is used to divide Southern Ocean core top silica into narrow size ranges, separating components such as radiolaria, sponge spicules and clay minerals from diatoms. Silicon isotope analysis of these components demonstrates that inclusion of small amounts of non-diatom material can significantly offset the measured from the true diatom d 30 Si. Once the correct size fraction is selected (generally 2-20 lm), diatom d 30 Si shows a strong negative correlation with surface water silicic acid concentration (R 2 = 0.92), highly supportive of the qualitative use of diatom d 30 Si as a proxy for silicic acid utilisation. The core top diatom d 30 Si matches well with mixed layer filtered diatom d 30 Si from published in situ studies, suggesting little to no effect of either dissolution on export through the water column, or early diagenesis, on diatom d 30 Si in sediments from the Southern Ocean. However, the core top diatom d 30 Si shows a poor fit to simple Rayleigh or steady state models of the Southern Ocean when a single source term is used. The data can instead be described by these models only when variations in the initial conditions of upwelled silicic acid concentration and d 30 Si are taken into account, a caveat which may introduce some error into quantitative reconstructions of past silicic acid utilisation from diatom d 30 Si.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diatom silicon isotopes as a proxy for silicic acid utilisation: A Southern Ocean core top calibration","attachmentId":44785230,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13939046/Diatom_silicon_isotopes_as_a_proxy_for_silicic_acid_utilisation_A_Southern_Ocean_core_top_calibration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13939046/Diatom_silicon_isotopes_as_a_proxy_for_silicic_acid_utilisation_A_Southern_Ocean_core_top_calibration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="20409928" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20409928/Differences_between_mono_generic_and_mixed_diatom_silicon_isotope_compositions_trace_present_and_past_nutrient_utilisation_off_Peru">Differences between mono-generic and mixed diatom silicon isotope compositions trace present and past nutrient utilisation off Peru</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9933630" href="https://dal.academia.edu/KristinDoering">Kristin Doering</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41953834" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaGrasse">Patricia Grasse</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this study we combine for the first time silicon (Si) isotope compositions of small mixed diatom species (δ30SibSiO2) and of large handpicked mono-generic (i.e. genus = Coscinodiscus) diatom samples (δ30SiCoscino) with diatom assemblages extracted from marine sediments in the Peruvian upwelling region in order to constrain present and past silicate utilisation. The extension of a previous core-top data set from the Peruvian shelf demonstrates that δ30SiCoscino values record near-complete Si utilisation, as these are similar to the isotopic composition of the subsurface source waters feeding the upwelling. In contrast, the δ30SibSiO2 of small mixed diatom species increase southward along the shelf as well as towards the shore. We attribute highest δ30SibSiO2 values partly to transient iron limitation but primarily to the gradual increase of Si isotope fractionation within the seasonal diatom succession, which are mainly recorded by small diatom species during intense bloom events. In contrast, lower δ30SibSiO2 values are related to initial Si isotope utilisation during periods of weak upwelling, when low Si(OH)4 concentrations do not permit intense blooms and small diatom species record substantially lower δ30Si signatures. As such, we propose that the intensity of the upwelling can be deduced from the offset between δ30SibSiO2 and δ30SiCoscino (Δ30Sicoscino-bSiO2), which is low for strong upwelling conditions and high for prevailing weak upwelling. We apply the information extracted from surface sediments to generate a record of the present-day main upwelling region covering the past 17,700 years and find that this location has also been characterized by a persistent offset (Δ30Sicoscino-bSiO2). By comparison with the diatom assemblages we show that the coastal upwelling system changed markedly between weak and strong upwelling conditions. In addition, our model calculations to quantify species-specific Si isotope fractionation effects based on the diatom assemblages indicate an overall minor influence that cannot explain the high amplitude in the measured δ30SibSiO2 record.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Differences between mono-generic and mixed diatom silicon isotope compositions trace present and past nutrient utilisation off Peru","attachmentId":41349794,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20409928/Differences_between_mono_generic_and_mixed_diatom_silicon_isotope_compositions_trace_present_and_past_nutrient_utilisation_off_Peru","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20409928/Differences_between_mono_generic_and_mixed_diatom_silicon_isotope_compositions_trace_present_and_past_nutrient_utilisation_off_Peru"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="18314042" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18314042/Temporal_isotopic_variations_of_dissolved_silicon_in_a_pristine_boreal_river">Temporal isotopic variations of dissolved silicon in a pristine boreal river</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10574267" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IliaRodushkin">Ilia Rodushkin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Geology, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">It has previously been concluded that the stable Si isotopes are fractionated during geochemical and biogeochemical elemental transfers, such as weathering and precipitation of clays and biogenic Si, which has opened up the possibility of using Si as a tracer in natural terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, quantification of the biogenic impact on the biogeochemical Si cycle has attracted significant scientific interest since biological control has been suggested. Previous observations of seasonal variations in the dissolved Si isotopic pattern further imply that high-frequency riverine sampling during main hydrological events might provide important information about natural processes governing the fluvial biogeochemical Si cycle. Therefore, temporal variations in the isotopic composition of riverine dissolved Si were investigated for the Kalix River, Northern Sweden, the largest pristine river system in Europe, based on high-frequency sampling during a period of 25 weeks from early April to early October 2006. Temporal variations spanning 0.4‰ for δ 29 Si and 0.8‰ for δ 30 Si of dissolved Si in the Kalix River were observed during the period, suggesting that the riverine dissolved Si input to the oceans cannot be considered to have a constant Si isotopic composition on a short time scale. The results implicate biogeochemical Si-cycling via formation and dissolution of biogenic silica as processes significantly affecting the dissolved Si transport in boreal systems during April to early October. The Si budget in the river system appeared to be controlled by relative Si enrichment during high discharge events and relative Si depletions in the subarctic mountainous and lake dominated areas. The Si enrichments and depletions were accompanied by decreasing and increasing riverine δ 29 Si and δ 30 Si, respectively. These isotope variations can be explained by release of plant derived silica, depleted in heavier Si isotopes, during the spring snowmelt. Further, increased volumetric contribution from the headwater and losses of dissolved Si due to biogenic silica formation by diatoms in the subarctic lakes at a later period are expected to be responsible for the preferential losses of lighter isotopes, as further verified by land cover analysis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Temporal isotopic variations of dissolved silicon in a pristine boreal river","attachmentId":39989490,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18314042/Temporal_isotopic_variations_of_dissolved_silicon_in_a_pristine_boreal_river","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18314042/Temporal_isotopic_variations_of_dissolved_silicon_in_a_pristine_boreal_river"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="21319956" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21319956/Phytoplankton_dynamics_in_relation_to_the_biogeochemical_cycle_of_silicon_in_a_coastal_ecosystem_of_western_Europe">Phytoplankton dynamics in relation to the biogeochemical cycle of silicon in a coastal ecosystem of western Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29711741" href="https://u-bordeaux1.academia.edu/yolandadelamo">yolanda del amo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1994</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Bay of Brest, France, a typical semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem (159 km2) of western Europe, was studied during spring 1992 with respect to the biogeochemical cycle of silicon. Three periods of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics (chlorophyll a, biogenic silica, species composition), were distinguished during spring 1992, each corresponding, respectively, to a bloom of Thalassiosira sp. and Skeletonema costaturn during early spring (April], Rhizosolenia sp. during mid-spring (May) and Chaetoceros sociale during late spring (June). During each period the production of biogenic silica (the mean rate of spring biogenic silica production was 13 mm01 Si m-' d-l), derived from I4C primary production measurements, size fractionation experiments and appropriate Si: C ratios, has been compared with the sum of the silicic acid inputs to the bay originating from rivers, from the adjacent Iroise Sea and from the sediments. From this comparison, it is concluded that (1) the early spring diatom bloom was mainly sustained by silicic acid from the watershed, (2) recycling of silicic acid within the water column played a major role during mid-spring to sustain the bloom of Rhizosolenia sp. and (3) silicic acid recycling at the sediment-water interface was the main contributor to the silica production during the late spring bloom. On a seasonal basis, the riverine inputs of Si (net source) balance the Si burial in sediments (net sink), and the contribution of the sediment to the silica production equals that of the watershed. The factors that govern the quantitative and qualitative variations of phytoplankton blooms during these periods are discussed. In these nitrate-rich coastal waters, support is given to the hypothesis of Si-limitation of the diatom growth, at least during the early spring period when inputs of silicic acid from the watershed represented the major contribution to the silica production.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phytoplankton dynamics in relation to the biogeochemical cycle of silicon in a coastal ecosystem of western Europe","attachmentId":41814351,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21319956/Phytoplankton_dynamics_in_relation_to_the_biogeochemical_cycle_of_silicon_in_a_coastal_ecosystem_of_western_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21319956/Phytoplankton_dynamics_in_relation_to_the_biogeochemical_cycle_of_silicon_in_a_coastal_ecosystem_of_western_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":6880366,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":6880366,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_6880366" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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