CINXE.COM
Improving Quality of Business Networks for Information Systems
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script> <!-- Yandex.Metrika counter --> <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript> <!-- /Yandex.Metrika counter --> <!-- Matomo --> <!-- End Matomo Code --> <title>Improving Quality of Business Networks for Information Systems</title> <meta name="description" content="Improving Quality of Business Networks for Information Systems"> <meta name="keywords" content="Usability Criteria, Computer Networks, Fast Information Processing, Cross Correlation, Frequency Domain."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Improving Quality of Business Networks for Information Systems"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hazem M. El-Bakry"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ahmed Atwan"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2009/03/25"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="3"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="603"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="615"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://publications.waset.org/1018/pdf"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value=""> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 33093</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mt-3 mb-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem">Improving Quality of Business Networks for Information Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hazem%20M.%20El-Bakry">Hazem M. El-Bakry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Atwan"> Ahmed Atwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer networks are essential part in computerbased information systems. The performance of these networks has a great influence on the whole information system. Measuring the usability criteria and customers satisfaction on small computer network is very important. In this article, an effective approach for measuring the usability of business network in an information system is introduced. The usability process for networking provides us with a flexible and a cost-effective way to assess the usability of a network and its products. In addition, the proposed approach can be used to certify network product usability late in the development cycle. Furthermore, it can be used to help in developing usable interfaces very early in the cycle and to give a way to measure, track, and improve usability. Moreover, a new approach for fast information processing over computer networks is presented. The entire data are collected together in a long vector and then tested as a one input pattern. Proposed fast time delay neural networks (FTDNNs) use cross correlation in the frequency domain between the tested data and the input weights of neural networks. It is proved mathematically and practically that the number of computation steps required for the presented time delay neural networks is less than that needed by conventional time delay neural networks (CTDNNs). Simulation results using MATLAB confirm the theoretical computations. <iframe src="https://publications.waset.org/1018.pdf" style="width:100%; height:400px;" frameborder="0"></iframe> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Usability%20Criteria" title="Usability Criteria">Usability Criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computer%20Networks" title=" Computer Networks"> Computer Networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fast%0AInformation%20Processing" title=" Fast Information Processing"> Fast Information Processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cross%20Correlation" title=" Cross Correlation"> Cross Correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frequency%20Domain." title=" Frequency Domain."> Frequency Domain.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Digital Object Identifier (DOI):</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1329504" target="_blank">doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1329504</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/improving-quality-of-business-networks-for-information-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2034</span> </span> <p class="card-text"><strong>References:</strong></p> <br>[1] Abran A. Khelifi, A. and Suryn, W., "Usability Meanings and Interpretations in ISO Standards" Software Quality Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 325-338,2003. <br>[2] Albrecht M., Kster M., " End-to-end QoS Management for Delay-sensitive Scalable.", The Proceedings of the 25 Annual Conf. on Local Computer Networks (LCN-03), Tampa, FL,2003. <br>[3] Asa N. , Yamano M. , and Kawakami M., "Fast improvement of usability for switch net linked to an open network", pp. 751-754, 2004. <br>[4] Bai Y. and Ito M., " Qos control techniques for video and audio transport over non-active and active networks",3rd IEEE International Conference on Networking, 2004. <br>[5] BEA, IBM, Microsoft, and S. AG., "Web services policy framework (WSPolicy)", May 2003. <br>[6] Blumenthal M. S. and Clark D. D., "Rethinking the design of the Internet: The end-to-end arguments vs. the brave new world", ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 70-109, August, 2001. <br>[7] Bonald T., Roberts J., "Congestion at flow level and the impact of user behaviors", Computer Networks Vol. 42, 2003. <br>[8] Brusilovsky In, Kobsa P., Nejdl A.,, "The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization", Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4321. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2006. <br>[9] Chhaya H. S. and Gupta S., "Performance of asynchronous data transfer methods of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol," IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 3, no. 5, October 1996. <br>[10] Comer D. E.," Internet working With TCP/IP, Volume I: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture", 5th Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2006. <br>[11] DaSilva L. "Pricing for QoS-Enabled Networks: A Survey", IEEE Communications Surveys Second Quarter, 2-8, 2000. <br>[12] Elsevier Ltd, "The use and usability of direction-based filtering in firewalls", Computers & Security, vol. Volume 23, no. Issue 6, 2004. <br>[13] EURESCOM Participants in Project P603, "Quality of Service: Measurement Method Selection,"1997. <br>[14] Ferrari T., "Advance network reservations in grids", Future generation Computer System: special issue on High performance networks and services for the Grid, to appear, 2004. <br>[15] Fineberg V. " A Practical Architecture for Implementing End-to-End QoS in an IP Network", IEEE Communications Magazine,January 2002, pp.122-130,2002 <br>[16] Fuin D., Garcia E., and Guyennet H., " A Novel Approach to Quality of Service in Active Networks", In proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on High-Speed Local Networks HSLN-04, Tampa, Florida, November, 2004. <br>[17] Gottschalk K.D., "The System Usability Process for Network Management Products", IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, vol. VOL25. NO 1. 1986. <br>[18] Goy A., Ardissono L. Petrone G., " Personalization in E-Commerce Applications", 2006.. <br>[19] Henninger, S., " A Methodology and Tools for Applying Context- Specific Usability Guidelines to Interface Design. Interacting with Computers, 12(3): pp. 225-243, 2000. <br>[20] Intel Corporation, I. Aveo, Cisco Systems, and others, "Ease-of-Use/PC Quality Roundtable: Home and Small Business Networking", 2000. <br>[21] Keon N. J. and Anandalingam G. "Optimal Pricing for Multiple Services in Telecommunications Networks Offering Quality-of-Service Guarantees", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 11, 1, 66-80, 2003. <br>[22] Kurose J. F. and Ross K. W. ," Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet", 3rd edition. Pearson Education, Inc. (Addison-Wesley), Boston, MA, 2005. <br>[23] Mellia M., Stoica I., and Zhang H., "TCP-aware packet marking in networks with differs support," Computer Networks, vol. 42, no. 1, pp.81-100, May 2003. <br>[24] Nielsen, J., "Designing Web Usability", New Riders Publishing, Indianapolis, Ind., 2000. <br>[25] Olexa R., "Implementing 802.11, 802.16 and 802.20 wireless networks: planning", troubleshooting and operations, Newnes, 2005. <br>[26] Pardha S. Pyla, Jonathan R. Howarth, Chris Catanzaro, Chris North, "Vizability: A Tool for Usability Engineering Process Improvement through the Visualization of Usability Problem Data", ACMSE-06, March 10-12, 2006, Florida, USA,2006. <br>[27] Percival L.C.and Johnson S.K., "Network management software usability test design and implementation," IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, vol. VOL 25, NO 1, 1986. <br>[28] Preece J., Rogers I., Sharp I., "Interaction Design: Beyond Human Computer Interaction", Addison Wesley, 2002. <br>[29] Roberts J. , "Internet Traffic, QoS and Pricing", Proceedings of IEEE, to appear, 2004. <br>[30] Sears A. and Jacko J. A., "Understanding the relationship between network quality of service and the usability of distributed multimedia documents", Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 15, pp. 43-68, 2000. <br>[31] Sears, Andrew, and Jacko, "Understanding the relation between network quality of service and the usability of distributed multimedia documents", Human-Computer Interaction, vol. Vol. 15, no. Issue 1,2000. <br>[32] Simon G.M. and Karthik, "On neighbor-selection strategy in hybrid peerto- peer networks",Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. Volume 22, no. Issue 7, pp. 732-741,2006. <br>[33] Steven F. and Bogdan G., "Usability pitfalls in Wireless LAN security," Network Research Group, University of Plymouth,2006. <br>[34] Taylor D. E. , "Survey and taxonomy of packet classification techniques", ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 238-275, September 2005. <br>[35] Travostion F., " Grid Networks: Enabling Grids with Advanced Communication Technology" , Wiley 2006. <br>[36] Wikipedia contributors, "Peer-to-peer" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peertopeer&oldid=87890086 (accessed November 15, 2006 <br>[37] A. A. Mohamed "Applying Usability Criteria on Small Business Networks" Mansoura Journal for Computer Science and Information Systems Vol. 3 No. 3 December, 2006. <br>[38] J. W. Cooley, and J. W. Tukey, "An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series," Math. Comput. 19, 297-301 (1965). <br>[39] R. Klette, and Zamperon, "Handbook of image processing operators, " John Wiley & Sonsltd, 1996. <br>[40] A. Hirose, "Complex-Valued Neural Networks Theories and Applications", Series on innovative Intellegence, vol.5. Nov. 2003. <br>[41] S. Jankowski, A. Lozowski, M. Zurada, " Complex-valued Multistate Neural Associative Memory," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, vol.7, 1996, pp.1491-1496. <br>[42] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "An Efficient Algorithm for Pattern Detection using Combined Classifiers and Data Fusion," Accepted for publication in Information Fusion Journal. <br>[43] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "A Novel High Speed Neural Model for Fast Pattern Recognition," Accepted for publication in Soft Computing Journal. <br>[44] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "Fast Virus Detection by using High Speed Time Delay Neural Networks," Accepted for publication in journal of computer virology. <br>[45] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "New Fast Principal Component Analysis For Real- Time Face Detection," Accepted for publication in MG&V Journal. <br>[46] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "A New Neural Design for Faster Pattern Detection Using Cross Correlation and Matrix Decomposition," Accepted for publication in Neural World journal. <br>[47] H. M. El-Bakry, "New Faster Normalized Neural Networks for Sub- Matrix Detection using Cross Correlation in the Frequency Domain and Matrix Decomposition," Applied Soft Computing journal, vol. 8, issue 2, March 2008, pp. 1131-1149. <br>[48] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Nikos Mastorakis, "Fast Detection of Specific Information in Voice Signal over Internet Protocol," WSEAS Transactions on Communications, issue 5, vol. 8, May 2009, pp. 483-494. <br>[49] Hazem M. El-Bakry and Mohamed Hamada, "A New Implementation for High Speed Neural Networks in Frequency Space," Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Springer, KES 2008, Part I, LNAI 5177, pp. 33-40. <br>[50] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Nikos Mastorakis "New Fast Normalized Neural Networks for Pattern Detection," Image and Vision Computing Journal, vol. 25, issue 11, 2007, pp. 1767-1784. <br>[51] Hazem M. El-Bakry and Nikos Mastorakis, "Fast Code Detection Using High Speed Time Delay Neural Networks," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, vol. 4493, Part III, May 2007, pp. 764-773. <br>[52] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "New Fast Principal Component Analysis for Face Detection," Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, vol.11, no.2, 2007, pp. 195-201. <br>[53] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "New Fast Time Delay Neural Networks Using Cross Correlation Performed in the Frequency Domain," Neurocomputing Journal, vol. 69, October 2006, pp. 2360-2363. <br>[54] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Nikos Mastorakis, "A Novel Model of Neural Networks for Fast Data Detection," WSEAS Transactions on Computers, Issue 8, vol. 5, November 2006, pp. 1773-1780. <br>[55] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Nikos Mastorakis, "A New Approach for Fast Face Detection," WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, issue 9, vol. 3, September 2006, pp. 1725-1730. <br>[56] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "A New Implementation of PCA for Fast Face Detection," International Journal of Intelligent Technology, Vol. 1, No.2, 2006, pp. 145-153. <br>[57] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Qiangfu Zhao, "Fast Normalized Neural Processors For Pattern Detection Based on Cross Correlation Implemented in the Frequency Domain," Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology, Vol. 38, No.2, May 2006, pp. 151-170. <br>[58] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "Fast Painting with Different Colors Using Cross Correlation in the Frequency Domain," International Journal of Computer Science, vol.1, no.2, 2006, pp. 145-156. <br>[59] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "Faster PCA for Face Detection Using Cross Correlation in the Frequency Domain," International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol.6, no. 2A, February 2006, pp.69-74. <br>[60] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "New High Speed Normalized Neural Networks for Fast Pattern Discovery on Web Pages," International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol.6, No. 2A, February 2006, pp.142- 152. <br>[61] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Qiangfu Zhao, "Fast Time Delay Neural Networks," International Journal of Neural Systems, vol. 15, no.6, December 2005, pp.445-455. <br>[62] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Qiangfu Zhao, "Speeding-up Normalized Neural Networks For Face/Object Detection," Machine Graphics & Vision Journal (MG&V), vol. 14, No.1, 2005, pp. 29-59. <br>[63] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Qiangfu Zhao, "A New Technique for Fast Pattern Recognition Using Normalized Neural Networks," WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, issue 11, vol. 2, November 2005, pp. 1816-1835. <br>[64] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "Pattern Detection Using Fast Normalized Neural Networks," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, vol. 3696, September 2005, pp. 447-454. <br>[65] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "Human Face Detection Using New High Speed Modular Neural Networks," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, vol. 3696, September 2005, pp. 543-550. <br>[66] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Qiangfu Zhao, "Fast Pattern Detection Using Normalized Neural Networks and Cross Correlation in the Frequency Domain," EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Special Issue on Advances in Intelligent Vision Systems: Methods and Applications脭脟枚 Part I, vol. 2005, no. 13, 1 August 2005, pp. 2054-2060. <br>[67] Hazem M. El-Bakry, "A New High Speed Neural Model For Character Recognition Using Cross Correlation and Matrix Decomposition," International Journal of Signal Processing, vol.2, no.3, 2005, pp. 183-202. <br>[68] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Qiangfu Zhao, "A Fast Neural Algorithm for Serial Code Detection in a Stream of Sequential Data," International Journal of Information Technology, vol.2, no.1, pp. 71-90, 2005. <br>[69] Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Qiangfu Zhao, "Fast Complex Valued Time Delay Neural Networks," International Journal of Computational Intelligence, vol.2, no.1, pp. 16-26, 2005. <br>[70] Hazem M. El-bakry, and Nikos Mastorakis "Fast Information Processing over Business Networks," Proc. of 9th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications (AIC'09), Moscow, Russia, August 26-28, 2009, pp.305-324. <br>[71] Hazem M. El-bakry, and Nikos Mastorakis "An Efficient Electronic Archiving Approach for Office Automation," Proc. of European Computing and Computational Intelligence International Conference, Tbilisi, Georgia, June 26-28, 2009, pp. 130-144. </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>