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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Municipal corporation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Municipal corporation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شهرداری تعاونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهرداری تعاونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_municipale" title="Corporation municipale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corporation municipale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE" title="नगर निगम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नगर निगम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalna_korporacija" title="Municipalna korporacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Municipalna korporacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE" title="नगर निगम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नगर निगम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E4%BD%93" title="都市自治体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="都市自治体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE" title="ਨਗਰ ਨਿਗਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਗਰ ਨਿਗਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="میونسپل کارپوریشن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میونسپل کارپوریشن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_municipal" title="Corporação municipal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Corporação municipal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Муниципальная корпорация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муниципальная корпорация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="کۆمپانیای نێوخۆیی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمپانیای نێوخۆیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="மாநகராட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாநகராட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Муніципальна корпорація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Муніципальна корпорація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="میونسپل کارپوریشن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میونسپل کارپوریشن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_khu_t%E1%BB%B1_qu%E1%BA%A3n" title="Hội đồng khu tự quản – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội đồng khu tự quản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%98" title="市法團 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="市法團" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2097994#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="View the content 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href="/wiki/Term" class="mw-disambig" title="Term">term</a> used by the local <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>. An incorporated town is able to create its own laws. These laws are in addition to the laws of the country, province, or state where the town is located. </p><p>Municipal corporation happens when an <a href="/wiki/Urban" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban">urban</a> neighborhood becomes a self-governing <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/entities" class="extiw" title="wikt:entities">entity</a> under state laws. After this event, an award or declaration is presented by the municipal charter. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipal_charters">Municipal charters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Municipal charters" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Municipal charters"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A municipal charters is a <a href="/wiki/Legal" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal">legal</a> paper that establishes <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a>; such as a <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> or <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a>. This was created in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> time. With a municipal charter, the new towns or cities are given rights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipal_charters_by_country">Municipal charters by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Municipal charters by country" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Municipal charters by country"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Canada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Canada"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, charters are given by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_authorities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provincial authorities (not yet started)">provincial authorities</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Germany" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Germany"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the municipal charters have existed since the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval Times (not yet started)">Medieval Times</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: India"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_building_bangalore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Municipal_building_bangalore.jpg/220px-Municipal_building_bangalore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Municipal_building_bangalore.jpg/330px-Municipal_building_bangalore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Municipal_building_bangalore.jpg/440px-Municipal_building_bangalore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Municipal building in Bangalore.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> the municipal corporation has a local <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> that is in charge of a city population that has 200,000 people or more. Because of the panchayati raj system, the city government has to discuss with the state government. <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a> have the biggest municipal corporations. Members are chosen from the wards of the city. The municipal corporations are responsible for roads, public transportation, water supply, records of births and deaths, <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> that includes waste management, sewage, drainage and flood control, public safety services like fire and ambulance services, gardens and maintenance of buildings. <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Taxes</a> is where the municipal corporations get their money from to fix problems in their cities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Republic of Ireland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Republic of Ireland"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> municipal corporations have been in Ireland since the Medieval Times. In <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, the municipal corporation have been there since the <a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: South Africa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: South Africa"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> the municipal corporation was called the "Durban Corporation".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Sweden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Sweden"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, cities were made by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> until 1951. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Philippines" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Philippines"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, cities are made by the laws <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/enacted" class="extiw" title="wikt:enacted">enacted</a> by a lot of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: United Kingdom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: United Kingdom"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, cities are made by the royal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Letter_patent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letter patent (not yet started)">letter patent</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: United States" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: United States"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, cities are made by the municipal charters. This is usually followed by a referendum vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_corporation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fad.co.za/Resources/transport/transport.htm">"Facts About Durban - Public Transport in Durban"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+About+Durban+-+Public+Transport+in+Durban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fad.co.za%2FResources%2Ftransport%2Ftransport.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMunicipal+corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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