Edward the Elder - World History Encyclopedia

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ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } </script> </p> </div> </nav> <div id="tag_definition_wrapper"> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ async_load_js('https://assets.pinterest.com/js/pinit.js') }); </script> <div class="pinterest_button"> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/" data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-id="https://www.worldhistory.org/Edward_the_Elder/" data-pin-media="https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/19327.jpg" data-pin-url="https://www.worldhistory.org/Edward_the_Elder/" data-pin-description="Edward the Elder (r. 899-924) was the son of Alfred the Great (r. 871-899) and the King of the Anglo-Saxons in the early 10th century. He is known for his military victories over the Vikings of East Anglia and the East Midlands and for consolidating his dynasty's control over southern England..." data-pin-count="beside" > </a> </div> <h2>Definition</h2> <div id="tag_definition_text"> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="ci_info"> <div class="ci_author_image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Michael McComb" src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-michaelmccomb.jpg" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="ci_author trans block"> by <a href="/user/michaelmccomb/" rel="author" title="User Page: Michael McComb">Michael McComb</a> <br/> published on 14 August 2024 </div> </div> <div class="pre_article_section"> <div class="translations_header"> <div class="translations_title">Available in other languages: <a href="/trans/fr/1-16989/edouard-lancien/" class="translation_link fr " rel="alternate">French</a></div> </div> <div id="audio-outer-wrapper"> <iframe id="audio-frame-contents" data-src="/audioplayer/en/1-16989/" height="80" width="100%" frameborder="no" scrolling="no"></iframe> </div> <script> pageReady.then(()=>{ jsQueue(()=>{ let litPlayer = $('#audio-frame-contents'); if (litPlayer) { litPlayer.attr('src',litPlayer.attr('data-src')); } }); }); </script> <style> #audio-outer-wrapper { height: 80px; width: 100%; margin: 1em 0em; } #audio-frame-contents { background-image: url("/template/images/loading-audio-3.png"); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-height: 80px; } </style> <div class="pre_article_buttons no_print"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Anglo-Saxon+Danelaw+Edward_the_Elder+england+Kingdom_of_Mercia+Kingdom_of_Wessex+Monarch" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=michaelmccomb" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> <span class="outline_button print_button" onclick="printButtonClicked();">Print Article</span> <script> function printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="body"> <article> <figure class="definition_image"> <a href="/image/19327/miniature-of-edward-the-elder/" title="Miniature of Edward the Elder"> <picture>  <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/19327.jpg.webp?v=1730989993-1723197648 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/19327.jpg.webp?v=1730989993-1723197648 600w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/19327.jpg?v=1730989993-1723197648 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/19327.jpg?v=1730989993-1723197648 600w" type="image/jpeg"> <img src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/19327.jpg?v=1730989993-1723197648" width="300" height="274" alt="Miniature of Edward the Elder (by Unknown Artist, Public Domain)" title="Miniature of Edward the Elder (by Unknown Artist, Public Domain)" class="tag_definition_image" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Miniature of Edward the Elder</div><div class="figauthor">Unknown Artist (Public Domain)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/19327/miniature-of-edward-the-elder/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/19327/miniature-of-edward-the-elder/","caption":"Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons (r. 899-924), in a royal genealogy, made during the 14th century. \r\n\r\nBritish Library, MS Royal 14 B VI.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/19327.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Unknown Artist - Public Domain - This item is in the public domain, and can be used, copied, and modified without any restrictions.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Unknown Artist"},"creditText":"Unknown Artist / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2024-08-09T10:00:48+0000","datePublished":"2024-08-09T10:00:47+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Miniature of Edward the Elder","height":826,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_the_Elder_-_MS_Royal_14_B_VI.jpg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/19327/miniature-of-edward-the-elder/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":true,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/19327/miniature-of-edward-the-elder/","width":904} </script> <p>Edward the Elder (r. 899-924) was the son of <a href="/Alfred_the_Great/">Alfred the Great</a> (r. 871-899) and the King of the Anglo-<a href="/Saxons/">Saxons</a> in the early 10th century. He is known for his military victories over the <a href="/Vikings/">Vikings</a> of East Anglia and the East Midlands and for consolidating his dynasty's control over southern <a href="/disambiguation/england/">England</a>.</p> <p>In 865, about a decade before Edward was born, the Great Heathen Army invaded England, destroying the royal dynasties of several English kingdoms, including East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria and establishing <a href="/Vikings/">Viking</a> rule across these territories. It fell upon Edward's father, King Alfred of Wessex, to lead the English resistance. He defeated the Vikings at the <a href="/disambiguation/battle/">Battle</a> of Edington in 878 and agreed to a peace treaty with their leader, Guthrum (d. 890), who retreated east to rule over much of the territory conquered by the great army, commonly referred to as 'The Danelaw'. Alfred would spend the next two decades fortifying Wessex, reforming the army and promoting learning and literacy amongst his subjects. He also brought Mercia under his overlordship, after which he took the title 'King of the Anglo-Saxons', denoting his rule over both the Mercians and the West Saxons.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-1"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_1' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile"> </div> </div> <p>Edward succeeded his father in 899. Most of what we know of his reign comes from a collection of land charters and the <em>Anglo-<a href="/Saxons/">Saxon</a> Chronicle</em>, which presents him as a relentless and successful warrior-king. His epithet, 'the Elder', was not used during his life but was later used to distinguish him from his great-grandson, Edward the <a href="/martyr/">Martyr</a>, King of England (r. 975-978). Though well-regarded as a ruler by medieval chroniclers and modern historians, Edward often remains in the shadow of his more illustrious father. However, there has been more interest in Edward recently due to the TV series <em>The Last Kingdom</em>, in which he is portrayed by Timothy Innes. Yet, the show depicts Edward as a king struggling to step out of his father's shadow, with many of his achievements being accredited to the show's protagonist, Uhtred of Bebbanburg.</p><div id="primis_intext"> <div id="3e3744ed-0893-4ec9-8757-582bfa65ad5c"></div> <div id="6b0cd791-ab2c-4669-b35a-8252ddaa7467"></div> <a href="https://link.worldhistory.org/youtube_intext" target="_blank" class="youtube_notice"> <svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>YouTube</title><path d="M23.498 6.186a3.016 3.016 0 0 0-2.122-2.136C19.505 3.545 12 3.545 12 3.545s-7.505 0-9.377.505A3.017 3.017 0 0 0 .502 6.186C0 8.07 0 12 0 12s0 3.93.502 5.814a3.016 3.016 0 0 0 2.122 2.136c1.871.505 9.376.505 9.376.505s7.505 0 9.377-.505a3.015 3.015 0 0 0 2.122-2.136C24 15.93 24 12 24 12s0-3.93-.502-5.814zM9.545 15.568V8.432L15.818 12l-6.273 3.568z"></path></svg> Follow us on YouTube!</a> </div> <script> </script> <div class="big_quote">Edward led the West Saxon army to victory over the Vikings at the Battle of Farnham.</div> <h3>Early Life</h3> <p>Edward was born c. 874-877. His parents, Alfred and Ealhswith (d. 902), a Mercian noblewoman, were married in 868. In addition to Edward, the couple had four more children: <a href="/Aethelflaed,_Lady_of_the_Mercians/">Aethelflaed</a> (d. 918), who married the Ealdorman of Mercia and later ruled Mercia herself; Aethelgifu, who became the Abbess of Shaftesbury; Aelfthryth (d. 929) who married the Count of Flanders and another son, Aethelweard (d. 920). The earliest mention of Edward in contemporary sources comes from Bishop Asser – a Welsh priest and scholar at Alfred's court – in his work the<em> Life of King Alfred</em>. Asser recounts that Edward spent his youth at the king's court, studying religious and secular texts and was taught to show "humbleness, affability, and gentleness towards all." Edward was also trained in <a href="/warfare/">warfare</a>, and while still in his teens, led the West Saxon army to victory over the Vikings at the Battle of Farnham in 893. Around the same time, he appears to have become a regular member of the king's council and married a woman named Ecgwynn, of whom we know little about, although the couple had a son, Aethelstan (d. 939), and a daughter, Edith.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-2"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_2' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile"> </div> </div> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="9135"> <a href="/image/9135/great-viking-army-in-england-865-878-ce/" title="Great Viking Army in England, 865-878 CE" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/9135.png.webp?v=1726064407 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/9135.png.webp?v=1726064407 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/9135.png?v=1726064407 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/9135.png?v=1726064407 1000w" type="image/png"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/9135.png?v=1726064407" alt="Great Viking Army in England, 865-878 CE" class="in_text_image" width="449" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Great Viking Army in England, 865-878 CE</div><div class="figauthor">Hel-hama (CC BY-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/9135/great-viking-army-in-england-865-878-ce/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/9135/great-viking-army-in-england-865-878-ce/","caption":"Map showing the routes allegedly taken by the Great Viking Army that invaded the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms in 865 CE, under leadership of such chieftains as 'Hingwar', 'Hubba', and 'Halfdene' (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 870-871 CE). These figures have been equated with the sons - Ivar the Boneless, Ubbe, and Halfdan (or Hvitserk) - of the legendary Viking hero Ragnar Lothbrok. The Viking invasion clashed, among others, with King \u00c6lla of Northumbria (r. c. 866 CE) as well as Alfred the Great, King of Wessex (871-899 CE).","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/9135.png","copyrightNotice":"Hel-hama - CC BY-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Hel-hama"},"creditText":"Hel-hama / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2025-03-01T12:49:14+0000","datePublished":"2018-08-28T10:02:29+0000","encodingFormat":"image/png","headline":"Great Viking Army in England, 865-878 CE","height":2232,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:England_Great_Army_map.svg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/9135/great-viking-army-in-england-865-878-ce/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/9135/great-viking-army-in-england-865-878-ce/","width":2000} </script> </p> <p>In the final years of his father's reign, Edward was granted the title 'rex' (king), suggesting he had been appointed co-king alongside his father or, more likely, was given his own kingdom in Kent to provide him with experience ruling before he succeeded his father. Primogeniture (father-to-son succession) had not firmly been established in Wessex; succession was still elective to a certain degree, with the crown passing to the aetheling (prince), favoured by the nobility. Edward's main rival for the throne was his cousin Aethelwold (d. 902), the son of Alfred's brother, King Aethelred of Wessex (r. 865-871). As much of the West Saxon nobility owed their position to Alfred, they were naturally inclined to support Edward's succession, but his experience in warfare and royal administration went a long way to secure their support.</p> <div class="big_quote">Edward spent much of his life on the frontlines, leading his army and overseeing the construction of fortifications.</div> <h3>Succession & Early Reign</h3> <p>Alfred died on 26th October 899. As expected, Edward’s succession was supported by the West Saxon nobility. However, unsatisfied with his new king, Aethelwold rebelled against Edward. He was swiftly chased out of Wessex, returning a couple of years later with the backing of several Viking leaders from York and East Anglia. Despite defeating a section of Edward’s army at the Battle of the Holme in 902, Aethelwold was killed in combat, ending his rebellion. In Aethelwold’s absence, Edward had moved to consolidate his rule in Wessex. On 8th June 900, he held his coronation at Kingston-upon-Thames. Around the same time, he set aside Ecgwynn and married Aelfflaed, daughter of a former Ealdorman of Wiltshire, who perhaps being of higher status than the king’s first wife, was considered a more suitable consort. Having secured Wessex, Edward turned his attention to Mercia. The ruler of Mercia, Ealdorman Aethelred (r. 881-911), inherited a diminished kingdom weakened by Viking attacks and <a href="/war/">war</a> with the Welsh. He submitted to King Alfred in 883, accepting West Saxon overlordship, although he retained a considerable degree of autonomy in Mercia. Their alliance was further cemented by Aethelred’s marriage to Alfred’s daughter, Aethelflaed and the transfer of London to Mercian control in 886. Aethelred was already well acquainted with his brother-in-<a href="/disambiguation/law/">law</a>, Edward, having campaigned alongside him against the Vikings in 893. He was content to continue recognising West Saxon authority over Mercia under its new king, just as he had under Alfred. In 903, he and his wife attended Edward’s court and were acknowledged as holding “rulership and power over the Mercian people under the aforementioned king [Edward].” In a final gesture of dynastic unity, Edward handed over his son, Aethelstan, into the care of Aethelred and Aethelflaed, further demonstrating his commitment to the Mercian-West Saxon relationship.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-3"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_3' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile desktop"> </div> </div> <p>Securing the church's support for his succession was also vital in Edward's early reign, solidifying his legitimacy as king. Fortunately, Archbishop Plegmund of Canterbury (r. 890-914/923), a devoted follower of King Alfred, was content to support the new king’s rule and oversee his coronation. Edward also took a hands-on approach to church reform. After consulting the papacy in 908, he worked with Archbishop Plegmund to restructure the West Saxon church, dividing the two large traditional West Saxon bishoprics of Sherborne and Winchester into five bishoprics, creating new sees at Crediton, Ramsbury and Wells. This made each diocese smaller, ensuring each bishop could better administer his diocese and offer improved pastoral care to the West Saxons.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="8265"> <a href="/image/8265/england-around-910-ce/" title="England Around 910 CE" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8265.jpg.webp?v=1726298227 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8265.jpg.webp?v=1726298227 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8265.jpg?v=1726298227 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8265.jpg?v=1726298227 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8265.jpg?v=1726298227" alt="England Around 910 CE" class="in_text_image" width="377" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">England Around 910 CE</div><div class="figauthor">Philg88 (CC BY-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8265/england-around-910-ce/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8265/england-around-910-ce/","caption":"Map showing England around 910 CE, showing among others the Viking territories under the Danelaw as well as the English kingdoms of Mercia (at this point in time ruled by Aethelred, Lord of the Mercians (r. 881-911 CE) and Wessex.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/8265.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Philg88 - CC BY-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Philg88"},"creditText":"Philg88 / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2025-03-01T12:49:14+0000","datePublished":"2018-03-06T10:06:17+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"England Around 910 CE","height":599,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:England_Aethelred_910_EN.svg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8265/england-around-910-ce/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8265/england-around-910-ce/","width":451} </script> </p> <h3>The Battle of Tettenhall</h3> <p>Conflict with the Vikings continued after the Battle of the Holme in 902, with peace only being agreed upon in 906. Yet, three years later, Edward reignited the war, dispatching an army of Mercians and West Saxons into the Danelaw. He intended to capture the remains of <a href="/Oswald_of_Northumbria/">Saint Oswald</a> from Bardney Abbey in Lincolnshire. St Oswald was a 7th-century English king who was martyred in battle against pagans, making him an important saint and figure of unity amongst the English. His remains were taken to the Mercian church at Gloucester, which was renamed St Oswald's Priory in his honour. The king's army remained in enemy territory for five weeks, raiding throughout the countryside. This provoked a retaliatory strike from the Viking leaders of York, who launched a counter-raid deep into Mercia. Edward ordered the Mercian and West Saxon armies to intercept the Vikings as they retreated northwards. Both sides met in Staffordshire in August 910, fighting at the Battle of Tettenhall, where, according to the <em>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</em>, Edward's army "put the [Viking] army to flight and killed many thousands of its men." Among the dead were two Danish kings, Eowils and Halfdan, along with several earls and chieftains from the Danelaw. The defeat considerably weakened the Viking threat coming from York, leaving the Vikings of the southern Danelaw isolated and in danger in the coming years.</p> <p>Aethelred of Mercia passed away a year after the battle and was buried at St Oswald's Priory in Gloucester. With no male heir, Aethelflaed succeeded her husband, taking the title ‘Lady of the Mercians’. This was a straightforward decision for the Mercians as Aethelflaed had already been acting as regent/co-ruler on behalf of her husband, as he was ill and, at times, incapacitated toward the end of his life. Edward was content to allow the Mercians to choose Aethelred's successor by themselves and must have been pleased that they supported his sister's succession, which ensured the continuation of his relationship with Mercia.<figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="8254"> <a href="/image/8254/statue-of-aethelflaed/" title="Statue of Aethelflaed" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8254.jpg.webp?v=1733997634-1733997736 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8254.jpg.webp?v=1733997634-1733997736 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8254.jpg?v=1733997634-1733997736 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8254.jpg?v=1733997634-1733997736 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8254.jpg?v=1733997634-1733997736" alt="Statue of Aethelflaed" class="in_text_image" width="375" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Statue of Aethelflaed</div><div class="figauthor">Elliot Brown (CC BY)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8254/statue-of-aethelflaed/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8254/statue-of-aethelflaed/","caption":"Statue of Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians (r. 911-918) at Tamworth Castle in Staffordshire, Great Britain.\r\n\r\nAethelflaed fortified Tamworth with the construction of an earthen burh in 913, and it was also the place of her death in 918. The statue itself dates from 1913 and was commissioned in her memory.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/8254.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Elliot Brown - CC BY - This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Elliot Brown"},"creditText":"Elliot Brown / Flickr","dateModified":"2024-12-12T10:02:16+0000","datePublished":"2018-03-05T10:21:45+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Statue of Aethelflaed","height":2048,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/6839733274"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8254/statue-of-aethelflaed/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8254/statue-of-aethelflaed/","width":1536} </script> </p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-4"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_4' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile desktop"> </div> </div> <h3>The Danelaw Campaign</h3> <p>Shortly after Aethelflaed’s succession, she transferred the lands surrounding Oxford and London to Edward’s control. This possibly stemmed from King Alfred’s earlier grant of London to Ealdorman Aethelred in 886, with these lands reverting to Wessex upon Aethelred’s <a href="/disambiguation/Death/">death</a>. However, it may have also been in preparation for an offensive campaign into the Danelaw, which Edward had begun planning. The two siblings agreed to divide military responsibilities, with the lands transferred to Edward acting as a springboard from which he could launch his invasion into the Viking-held East Anglia and the Southeast Midlands. Aethelflaed, meanwhile, would focus on defending the Welsh border, repelling Norse-Irish incursions in the northwest and fighting the Danish towns to the east of her borders. Edward’s strategy relied on building or strengthening burhs (fortified towns), either on his borders, from where he could launch attacks into nearby Viking territory, or once he conquered territory, they could be used to control the surrounding land and population.</p> <p>Edward's campaign progressed gradually. From 912 to 914, he built new burhs at Hertford and Buckingham and to the east, he made inroads into Viking-held Essex, establishing a burh at Witham and later at Maldon. Some Viking leaders, perhaps fearing Edward’s army and unable to resist his advances, surrendered peacefully. Notably, Thurkytel, Jarl of Bedford, had submitted to the king by 915 and allowed him to fortify Bedford. The Viking armies generally avoided pitched battles with Edward, with most of the conflict taking place at fortresses. This is demonstrated in 917 when a coalition of Viking armies mounted assaults on Edward’s new border burhs at Towcester, Bedford, Maldon and Wigmore (unknown location, likely in Essex), all of which were defeated by the town’s defenders. In the same year, Edward took a more aggressive stance and conquered several Danish strongholds, including Tempsford and Colchester. The siege of Tempsford was a decisive battle, resulting in the deaths of a Viking king and two earls. Eventually, by the end of 917, several leaders in the southern Danelaw sued for peace and gave oaths of loyalty to Edward. The campaign was later praised by Sir Frank Stenton as “one of the best-sustained and most decisive campaigns in the whole of the Dark Ages” (335). For Edward, it had been a grand success, defeating the Viking threat in East Anglia, Essex and Northamptonshire and proving his ability as a military leader and strategist.</p> <h3>Mercia & the North</h3> <p>To the west, Aethelflaed’s military endeavours mirrored the successes of her brother. She imposed Mercian power over the Welsh and constructed burhs on her borders to bolster her defences. She captured the Danish strongholds of Leicester and Derby, and by 918, began negotiations to bring York under her control. However, she died on 12th June 918 at Tamworth and was buried at St Oswald’s Priory beside her husband. Her daughter, Aelfwynn, was initially supported as Mercia’s new ruler. However, by December 918, perhaps believing his niece was not as effective a ruler as her mother had been, Edward took direct control of Mercia, deposing Aelfwynn and sending her into Wessex, after which her life was unrecorded. The role of the Mercian nobility in this transfer of power is uncertain, but they do not appear to have opposed Edward taking power. Edward was, after all, half-Mercian through his mother and likely commanded the respect of the Mercian army, having previously campaigned alongside them. However, the medieval chronicler Henry of Huntingdon questioned Edward's conduct, thinking the king cared little for "the justice of the act" when he deposed Aelfwynn. Later events would demonstrate that some in Mercia shared this sentiment.<figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="8253"> <a href="/image/8253/st-oswalds-priory-gloucester/" title="St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8253.jpg.webp?v=1599507841 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8253.jpg.webp?v=1599507841 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8253.jpg?v=1599507841 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8253.jpg?v=1599507841 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8253.jpg?v=1599507841" alt="St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester" class="in_text_image" width="500" height="333" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester</div><div class="figauthor">Philip Halling (CC BY-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8253/st-oswalds-priory-gloucester/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8253/st-oswalds-priory-gloucester/","caption":"The remains of the medieval priory of St Oswald near Glouster (Gloucestershire, Great Britain). The church was originally built c. 900 CE by Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians (r. 911-918 CE), and her husband Aethelred.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/8253.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Philip Halling - CC BY-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Philip Halling"},"creditText":"Philip Halling / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2025-03-01T12:49:14+0000","datePublished":"2018-03-05T10:08:49+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester","height":426,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Oswald%27s_Priory,_Gloucester_-_geograph.org.uk_-_443171.jpg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8253/st-oswalds-priory-gloucester/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8253/st-oswalds-priory-gloucester/","width":640} </script> </p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-5"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_5' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile desktop"> </div> </div> <p>Upon taking control in Mercia, Edward received the submission of several Welsh kings who had previously acknowledged Aethelflaed’s overlordship. Afterwards, he resumed his campaign in the east; having taken control of Stamford earlier in the year, he pushed north and captured Nottingham, where much of the Danish settlers of the East Midlands submitted to his rule.</p> <p>Around the time of Edward’s accession to Mercia, King Ragnall (r. 918-921), a Viking leader infamous for terrorising the Irish, the Northumbrians and the Scots, established himself as King of York, ending any prospect of the town coming under Mercian control. To contain the threat Ragnall posed, Aethelflaed had previously formed alliances with the kingdoms of Strathclyde and <a href="/disambiguation/Scotland/">Scotland</a> and built burhs on her northern border. Edward inherited her strategy, building new burhs at Bakewell, Manchester and Thelwall and continued to cooperate with her allies in the north. This alliance seemed to have led to a diplomatic gathering in Bakewell in 920. The <em>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</em> describes the meeting as follows: “Edward was chosen for father and for lord by the king of the Scots, and by the Scots, and King Ragnall, and by all the Northumbrians, and also the king of the Strathclyde Britons, and by all the Strathclyde Britons.” The chronicle likely overstates Edward’s role in the agreement outlined. Rather than a general submission to Edward by the northern rulers, the agreement at Bakewell was likely a peace treaty, which Edward and his northern allies had pressured Ragnall into accepting. While bringing peace to the north was an impressive achievement, it is doubtful how long the Bakewell treaty lasted. Ragnall died the following year in 921 and was succeeded in York by his brother, King Sihtric (r. 921-927), who does not appear to have reaffirmed peace with Edward and his allies.</p> <h3>Family, Death & Legacy</h3> <p>Edward spent much of his life on the frontlines, leading his army and overseeing the construction of fortifications. He was certainly absent from Wessex for long periods of his reign. However, he remained in regular contact with his wife, Aelfflaed, as the couple had eight children, adding to the two from Edward’s first marriage. Aelfflaed, however, was set aside in 919, and Edward married Eadgifu, daughter of a former Ealdorman of Kent. Together they had four children, making Edward a father of 14 in total.</p><div class="intext_6 ahe-ad book_rec_banner"></div> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="8251"> <a href="/image/8251/aethelstan/" title="Aethelstan" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8251.jpg.webp?v=1599507841 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8251.jpg.webp?v=1599507841 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8251.jpg?v=1599507841 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/8251.jpg?v=1599507841 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/8251.jpg?v=1599507841" alt="Aethelstan" class="in_text_image" width="355" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Aethelstan</div><div class="figauthor">Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (Public Domain)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8251/aethelstan/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8251/aethelstan/","caption":"Aethelstan (also given as Athelstan) - the figure on the left - reigned as King of the Anglo-Saxons from 924\u2013927 CE and as King of the English from 927-939 CE. He is here depicted in the frontispiece of Bede's Life of St Cuthbert as presenting a copy of the book to Saint Cuthbert himself. The original manuscript is MS 183, f.1v housed at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/8251.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Corpus Christi College, Cambridge - Public Domain - This item is in the public domain, and can be used, copied, and modified without any restrictions.","creator":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Corpus Christi College, Cambridge"},"creditText":"Corpus Christi College, Cambridge / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2025-03-01T12:49:14+0000","datePublished":"2018-03-05T09:56:33+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Aethelstan","height":1898,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Athelstan.jpg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8251/aethelstan/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/8251/aethelstan/","width":1347} </script> </p> <p>There is some evidence of Mercian discontent toward the end of Edward’s reign, as Chester revolted against his rule in 924. Edward swiftly suppressed the revolt before retreating to his nearby estate at Farndon, Cheshire, where he died of unknown causes on 17th July 924. His body was taken south and buried at New Minster, Winchester, a church he founded in memory of his father. Edward’s succession plans remain uncertain, but seem to have entailed some form of power-sharing arrangement between his eldest son, Aethelstan, in Mercia and his second son, Aelfweard, in Wessex. However, Aelfweard died within weeks of his father’s death, allowing Aethelstan to take control of Mercia and Wessex. Within three years of his reign in 927, Aethelstan seized York and was recognised as the first King of England. He was succeeded by his younger brothers, King Edmund (r. 939-946) and King Eadred (r. 946-955), who successfully continued Aethelstan’s efforts to establish control of northern England. Edward’s daughters also furthered the influence of his kingdom, marrying into leading royal and ducal families across <a href="/europe/">Europe</a>. Most notably, his daughter, Eadgifu, married <a href="/Charles_the_Simple/">Charles the Simple</a>, King of West Frankia (r. 898-922), and another daughter, Eadgyth, married Otto the Great, the future King of Germany (r. 936-973). However, some of his daughters instead opted for a religious life and entered nunneries at Winchester and Wilton.</p> <p>Edward is primarily remembered for his military conquests of East Anglia and the East Midlands. This expansion of territory allowed what may have been his father's aspiration for English unification to become a reality under Edward’s successors. Yet Edward was more than just an effective warrior who won battles and expanded his borders. He was evidently interested in administrative reform, as seen in his reorganisation of the West Saxon church and is often credited with introducing the shire system to Mercia. While Edward is not often thought to share his father’s interests in scholarly pursuits, many of Alfred’s former tutors, including Bishop Asser and Archbishop Plegmund, were senior advisors to Edward, and according to the 12th-century chronicler William of Malmesbury, Edward’s sons were educated so that “they might succeed to govern the state, not like rustics, but philosophers.” He was also clearly an effective statesman who maintained stability in Wessex despite frequent absences from his homeland. He cooperated with his allies to pursue mutual objectives against Viking opposition and, in establishing rule over Mercia in 918, centralised control over the growing English kingdom for himself and his successors.</p> </article> <div id="ci_rating_wrapper"> <div class="rating_label filter_label">Did you like this definition?</div> <div id="ci_rating_buttons_wrapper"> <div class="rating_button up base" data-rating="1"></div> <div class="rating_button down base" data-rating="-1"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sections_below_links"> <p> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Anglo-Saxon+Danelaw+Edward_the_Elder+england+Kingdom_of_Mercia+Kingdom_of_Wessex+Monarch" class="topic_subscribe outline_button below_article">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="#ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" class="outline_button">Related Content</a> <a href="#books_preview" class="outline_button">Books</a> <a href="#citation_info" class="outline_button">Cite This Work</a> <a href="#ci_author_and_copyright" class="outline_button">License</a> </p> </div> <div class="editorial_review_notice"> <span class="editorial_review_header">Editorial Review</span> This human-authored article has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our <a href="/static/editorial-policy/">editorial policy</a>. </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="ad_Flexi_BottomLeft ahe-ad"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id="div-adcontainer-AHE_Flexi_BottomLeft" class="adcontainer worldhistory_below_content"> </div> </div> <style> .map_container.il { border: none; } .map_container h3 { text-align: center; } </style> <div id="references"> <h2>Bibliography</h2> <ul id="reference_list" class="ref_list bibliography"> <li id="bibID__7645e84d972f1f99362e24f18084c329"> <cite class="bib_text">Clarkson, Tim. <i>Aethelflaed: Lady of the Mercians.</i> TJ Books Ltd, 2019.</cite> </li> <li id="bibID__ced5f5f383f259e723ab48dc6484dabc"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0300187718/" rel="sponsored">Foot, Sarah. <i>Aethelstan: The First King of England.</i> Yale University Press, 2012.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__efeda74d720c247a0e69f78dd8032ce4"> <cite class="bib_text">Forester, Thomas. <i>The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon.</i> H. G. Bohn, 1853.</cite> </li> <li id="bibID__ada10ce30b746ac041ba2dd928985b2e"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/B06XS1NK98/" rel="sponsored">Giles, John & Ingram, James. <i>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.</i> Prabhat Prakashan, 2017.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__b394546ea9cc9f42d5d610dbb5003ff9"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/B0CW18T5XF/" rel="sponsored">Giles, John & Sharpe, John. <i>William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England.</i> HardPress, 2024.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__4f71bd5d4c278b52c2ac03d2f8d157a0"> <cite class="bib_text">Higham, N & Hill, D. <i>Edward the Elder 899–924.</i> Routledge, 2001.</cite> </li> <li id="bibID__9d4118eb05dca56e897c07026d58d307"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/1398112380/" rel="sponsored">Key, Michael. <i>Edward the Elder.</i> Amberley Publishing, 2022.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__c3da3c784bb5bc94a1c9ab4a2392177f"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0140444092/" rel="sponsored">Keynes, Simon & Lapidge, Michael. <i>Alfred the Great.</i> Penguin Classics, 1984.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__168745216dc70009a3ef5e48c9e26a75"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0192801392/" rel="sponsored">Stenton, Frank. <i>Anglo-Saxon England.</i> Oxford University Press, 1971.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__8a20204036120e406006b7740b4eaa79"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0750921315/" rel="sponsored">Walker, Ian. <i>Mercia and the Making of England.</i> Sutton Pub Ltd, 2000.</a></cite> </li> </ul> <div class="book_promo_wrapper"></div> <span class="light affiliate_notice">World History Encyclopedia is an Amazon Associate and earns a commission on qualifying book purchases.</span> <div id="books_rec"> </div> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ $("ul.bibliography").sortList(); }); </script> </div> <div class="user_short_bio_wrapper"> <a href="/interestemails/?author=michaelmccomb" class="headline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to this author</a> <h2>About the Author</h2> <div class="user_short_bio"> <div class="left_col"> </div> <div class="right_col"> <a href="/user/michaelmccomb/" rel="nofollow" title="Michael McComb"><img data-src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-michaelmccomb.jpg?v=1723806580" width="100" height="100" alt="Michael McComb" class="avatar_image" /></a> <div class="user_name"> <a href="/user/michaelmccomb/" rel="author" title="Michael McComb">Michael McComb</a> </div> <div class="short_bio_text"> Michael McComb graduated from Manchester Metropolitan University with a MA in History in 2022 and has written for The Historians Magazine, The Collector, Medieval Living, and Lessons from History. </div> <div class="sm_links"> <a href="https://twitter.com/michael195919" title="Michael McComb" class="sm_tiny_sprite twitter no_external"></a> <a href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Michael-McComb-16?ch=17&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;oid=864773858&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;share=49ec0f4d&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;srid=sUEkB&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;target_type=user" title="Quora - Michael McComb" class="sm_tiny_sprite website no_external" rel="ugc"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="translations_notice"> <h2 class="translations">Translations</h2> <a href="/trans/fr/1-16989/edouard-lancien/" class="translation_link fr outline_button" rel="alternate">French</a> <p>We want people all over the world to learn about history. Help us and <a href="/trans/x/1-16989/edit/" class="translation_add_button" rel="nofollow">translate this definition</a> into another language!</p> </div> <div class="faq"> <h2>Questions & Answers</h2> <dl> <dt><h4>Why was king Edward called the elder?</h4></dt> <dd>King Edward the Elder was so called not because he was the eldest son of Alfred the Great but to distinguish him from another king, his great-grandson, Edward the Martyr, King of England (r. 975-978).</dd> <dt><h4>Who succeeded Edward the Elder?</h4></dt> <dd>In 924, Edward the Elder was succeeded by his eldest son, Aethelstan (d. 939).</dd> </dl> </div> <style> .faq h4 { font-family: "Libre Baskerville", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; } .faq { margin-bottom: 40px; } </style> <div id="ci_related_wrapper"> <div class="ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" id="ci_related_content_outer_wrapper"> <h2>Related Content</h2> <div id="ci_related_type_list"> <span class="filter_label">Filters:</span> <div rel="0" class="ci_type_0 ci_rel_type selected">All<span class="ci_rel_type_count"> </span></div> <div rel="1" class="ci_type_1 ci_rel_type ">Definitions<span class="ci_rel_type_count">74</span></div> <div rel="2" class="ci_type_2 ci_rel_type ">Articles<span class="ci_rel_type_count">11</span></div> <div rel="3" class="ci_type_3 ci_rel_type ">Images<span class="ci_rel_type_count">12</span></div> <div rel="6" class="ci_type_6 ci_rel_type ">Videos<span class="ci_rel_type_count">1</span></div> <div rel="9" class="ci_type_9 ci_rel_type ">Collections<span class="ci_rel_type_count">1</span></div> </div> <div id="ci_related_content"> <div class="ci_related_content_wrapper ci_two_cols three_cols"> <div class="columns"> <a href="/Kingdom_of_Wessex/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-17575" data-score="1314250" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8265.jpg.webp?v=1726298227 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/8265.jpg.webp?v=1726298227 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8265.jpg?v=1726298227 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/8265.jpg?v=1726298227 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8265.jpg?v=1726298227" width="360" height="202" alt="Kingdom of Wessex" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Kingdom of Wessex</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The Kingdom of Wessex (c. 519-927 CE or c. 519-1066 CE) was a political... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Kingdom_of_Mercia/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-17610" data-score="1284199" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8266.jpg.webp?v=1713721866 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/8266.jpg.webp?v=1713721866 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8266.jpg?v=1713721866 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/8266.jpg?v=1713721866 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/8266.jpg?v=1713721866" width="360" height="202" alt="Kingdom of Mercia" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Kingdom of Mercia</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The Kingdom of Mercia (c. 527-879 CE) was an Anglo-Saxon political... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/King_Egbert_of_Wessex/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-17581" data-score="1165875" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/9481.jpg.webp?v=1721069647 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/9481.jpg.webp?v=1721069647 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/9481.jpg?v=1721069647 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/9481.jpg?v=1721069647 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/9481.jpg?v=1721069647" width="360" height="202" alt="King Egbert of Wessex" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>King Egbert of Wessex</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Egbert of Wessex (l. c. 770-839 CE, r. 802-839 CE; 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(2024, August 14). <a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Edward_the_Elder/" class="no_external">Edward the Elder</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Edward_the_Elder/ </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_chicago"> <h4>Chicago Style</h4> <div class="citation_details citation_style"> <p> McComb, Michael. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Edward_the_Elder/" class="no_external">Edward the Elder</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Last modified August 14, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/Edward_the_Elder/. </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_mla citation_style"> <h4>MLA Style</h4> <div class="citation_details"> <p> McComb, Michael. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Edward_the_Elder/" class="no_external">Edward the Elder</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. World History Encyclopedia, 14 Aug 2024. Web. 01 Mar 2025. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ci_author_and_copyright" id="ci_author_and_copyright"> <h2>License & Copyright</h2> <p> Submitted by <a href="/user/michaelmccomb/" rel="author" title="User Page: Michael McComb">Michael McComb</a>, published on 14 August 2024. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en" rel="nofollow">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike</a>. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. <span class="no_print">Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.</span></p> </div> </main> <aside class="right_1_column"> <div id="editor_tools"> </div> <div class="timeline_outer_wrapper"> <div class="timeline_wrapper"> <h2>Timeline</h2> <a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/login/" title="Add Timeline Entry" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Add Event</a> <a href="/ajax/ajax_print_visual_timeline.php?tag=Edward_the_Elder&width=950&height=600" rel="nofollow" class="thickbox outline_button visual_timeline_button" title="Visual Timeline">Visual Timeline</a> <ul id="time_list"> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_16636" title=""> <div class="date">c. 874 - c. 877</div> The future Anglo-<a href="/Saxons/">Saxon</a> king <a href="/Edward_the_Elder/">Edward the Elder</a> is born. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_16637" title=""> <div class="date">893</div> <a href="/Edward_the_Elder/">Edward the Elder</a> leads the West <a href="/Saxons/">Saxon</a> army to victory over the <a href="/Vikings/">Vikings</a> at the <a href="/disambiguation/battle/">Battle</a> of Farnham. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_16635" title=""> <div class="date">899 - 924</div> Reign of the Anglo-<a href="/Saxons/">Saxon</a> King <a href="/Edward_the_Elder/">Edward the Elder</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_16638" title=""> <div class="date">900</div> Coronation of the Anglo-<a href="/Saxons/">Saxon</a> king <a href="/Edward_the_Elder/">Edward the Elder</a> at Kingston-upon-Thames. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_16639" title=""> <div class="date">Aug 910</div> The Anglo-<a href="/Saxons/">Saxon</a> king <a href="/Edward_the_Elder/">Edward the Elder</a> defeats a <a href="/Vikings/">Viking</a> army at the <a href="/disambiguation/battle/">Battle</a> of Tettenhall. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_16640" title=""> <div class="date">912 - 917</div> The Anglo-<a href="/Saxons/">Saxon</a> king <a href="/Edward_the_Elder/">Edward the Elder</a> campaigns against the <a href="/Vikings/">Vikings</a> in <a href="/disambiguation/england/">England</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_6719" title=""> <div class="date">918</div> Aelfwynn deposed by <a href="/Edward_the_Elder/">Edward the Elder</a> of Wessex; 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Edward the Elder - World History Encyclopedia