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Mär 2010, 16:49</dd> <dd class="profile-custom-field profile-plz"><strong>Postcode:</strong> 48612</dd> <dd class="profile-custom-field profile-land"><strong>Country:</strong> Germany</dd> </dl> <div class="postbody"> <div id="post_content1179"> <h3 class="first"><a href="#p1179">Göttinger Erklärung</a></h3> <ul class="post-buttons"> <li> <a href="/app.php/post/1179/report?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" title="Diesen Beitrag melden" class="button button-icon-only"> <i class="icon fa-exclamation fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Diesen Beitrag melden</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="./../posting.php?mode=quote&p=1179&sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" title="Mit Zitat antworten" class="button button-icon-only"> <i class="icon fa-quote-left fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Zitat</span> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="author"> <a class="unread" href="./../rind-f67/goettinger-erklaerung-t534.html?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f#p1179" title="Beitrag"> <i class="icon fa-file fa-fw icon-lightgray icon-md" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Beitrag</span> </a> <span class="responsive-hide">von <strong><a href="./../memberlist.php?mode=viewprofile&u=287&sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="username">ava</a></strong> » </span>Sa 27. Mär 2010, 16:53 </p> <div class="content">GÖTTINGER ERKLÄRUNG<br> <br> ANLÄSSLICH DER 9. AVA HAUPTTAGUNG <br> vom 17. bis 21. März 2010 in Göttingen<br> <br> Botulinumtoxikosen - Chronischer Botulismus<br> Diese durch Stoffwechselprodukte (Toxine) von bestimmten Clostridien (bes. Clostridium botulinum, aber auch Stämme von C. butyricum und C. baratii), verursachten Erkrankungen nehmen in Deutschland nachweisbar insbesondere in den hochleistenden Milchviehbetrieben an Bedeutung zu. Erste Meldungen bestätigen auch Kontaminationen mit diesen Erregern im Schweinebereich. <br> <br> <br> Clostridien sind anaerobe, sporenbildende Bakterien, die ihr Habitat im Boden, in Schlämmen, im Intestinaltrakt von Menschen und Tieren, in und auf Insekten, Würmern sowie in und auf Pflanzen haben. Es handelt sich um eine sehr alte Mikroorganismengruppe (rund 3,4 Mrd. Jahre alt), die aufgrund ihrer stoffwechselinaktiven Überlebensform (Sporen) sehr lange (Jahrzehnte, Jahrhunderte) lebensfähig bleiben und bei passender Gelegenheit wieder auskeimen und ihr krankmachendes Potential mittels Toxinbildung entfalten können.<br> <br> Die Globalisierung der menschlichen Lebensweise (Tierhandel, Futtermittelhandel, Lebensmittelhandel) und Tourismus führen zu einer weltweiten Verbreitung der Clostridien, so dass bisherige geospezifische Unterschiede mehr und mehr verwischt werden. Dagegen ist die Bedeutung bisheriger natürlicher Übertragungen z.B. durch Staubstürme oder Zugvögel zu vernachlässigen. <br> <br> Unter den Bedingungen der modernen Landwirtschaft fallen größere Mengen an Fäkalien in Form von Mist und Gülle an. Diese werden normalerweise direkt durch Ausbringung auf landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen (Düngung) oder durch die Einspeisung in Biogasanlagen genutzt. <br> In Biogasanlagen können sich allerdings pathogene Clostridien beim Aufschluss der Gärsubstrate vermehren. Hier hilft auch die geforderte Hygienisierung bei 70°C über eine Stunde sehr wenig, weil die Clostridien wegen ihrer Sporenbildung dadurch nicht inaktivierbar sind, sondern im Gegenteil, die antagonistische Bakterienflora beseitigt wird und die versporten Clostridien dadurch sogar noch den Reiz zum Auskeimen erhalten. Die Gärreste aus Biogasanlagen sind zu erheblichen Teilen mit pathogenen Clostridien, auch Clostridium botulinum, kontaminiert. <br> <br> Durch das Ausbringen dieser Gärreste auf Grünfutterflächen und Äckern wird der meist zu Silagen verarbeitete Grünschnitt entweder direkt durch an den Gräsern haftende Bakterien (Biofilm) oder durch Einbringen von Bodenbestandteilen in das Siliergut mit den Clostridien kontaminiert und gelangt so in das Tierfutter. <br> <br> Dieser Prozess der permanenten Kontamination der pathogenen Clostridien (über die Grünfutter, wie z.B. Silagen) mit der Herde verläuft meist über 2-3 Jahre. Der Landwirt sieht sehr unspezifische klinische Bilder. Registriert wird in erster Linie der Leistungsabfall einzelner Tiere, bzw. der Herde. In den Beständen schaukelt sich das Erkrankungsgeschehen auf. Immer mehr Clostridien gelangen in den Tierkörper und können sich hier auch vermehren und das Botulinuimtoxin mehr oder weniger produzieren. Natürlich steigt auch die Erregerkonzentration im Umfeld der Tiere mehr und mehr. Sind bestimmte Grenzwerte erreicht, wird das klinische Bild des chronischen Botulismus mit Paresen (Lähmungen) etc. sichtbar. <br> <br> Die gesamte Clostridienproblematik wurde eingehend auf der 9. Agrar- und Veterinär- Akademie (AVA) – Haupttagung in Göttingen im März 2010 diskutiert. Besonders die Referenten Prof. Dr. H. Böhnel und Prof. Dr. M. Krüger wiesen mit Nachdruck auf die bisher gemachten Beobachtungen hin. Dr. B. Schwagerick, Beratungstierärztin beim RGD MV, hat mit dieser Problematik betroffene Praxisfälle auf Milchviehbetrieben untersucht und auf der AVA-Tagung den teilnehmenden Veterinärmedizinern, in der Regel Praktiker, vorgestellt. Unter diesen Umständen können sich auch die Tierhalter, bzw. Tierbetreuer, ja selbst Tiermediziner mit dem Erreger infizieren. Der Mediziner Prof. Dr. D. Dressler, international anerkannter Botulinumspezialist, hat auf dieser 9. AVA-Haupttagung erstmalig auf das Erkrankungsbild bei vier Personen mit Kontakt zu -an chronischem Botulismus erkrankten Rindern- beschrieben.<br> <br> Die Häufung der Erkrankungsfälle von chronischem Botulismus bei Tieren und Menschen zwingt uns Tierärzte, die wegen der intensiven Kontakte zum Patienten-Tier während der klinischen Untersuchungen die ersten sind, die sich mit den Erregern infizieren können, darauf aufmerksam zu machen, dass hier eine ständig wachsende Gefahr für unsere Tierbestände, für die Tierhalter und Betreuer, incl. Tiermediziner und die im Umland der mit Gärresten gedüngten Grünland- und Ackerflächen lebenden Menschen entsteht. <br> <br> Das gesundheitliche Risiko, das von Biogasanlagen ausgeht, muss von den politisch und wirtschaftlich Verantwortlichen zur Kenntnis genommen werden. Es besteht unbedingter Handlungsbedarf!<br> <br> Wir Tierärzte fordern Forschungsprojekte, die sich mit diesen Risiken intensiv auseinandersetzen und Vorschläge zur Lösung des Problems erarbeiten. <br> <br> Ernst-Günther Hellwig, Gründer und Leiter der Agrar- und Veterinär- Akademie (AVA)</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="back2top"> <a href="#top" class="top" title="Nach oben"> <i class="icon fa-chevron-circle-up fa-fw icon-gray" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Nach oben</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="action-bar bar-bottom"> <a href="./../posting.php?mode=reply&t=534&sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="button" title="Antwort erstellen"> <span>Antworten</span> <i class="icon fa-reply fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="dropdown-container dropdown-button-control topic-tools"> <span title="Themen-Optionen" class="button button-secondary dropdown-trigger dropdown-select"> <i class="icon fa-wrench fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span 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class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Möbel</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../technik-f193/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Technik</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../literatur-f194/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Literatur</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../hilfe-f195/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Hilfe</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../sonstiges-f196/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Sonstiges</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../chat-f181/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Chat</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../veranstaltungen-f110/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Veranstaltungen</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../pruefungsvorbereitung-f107/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Prüfungsvorbereitung</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../tipps-f182/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Tipps</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../pruefungsfragen-f183/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Prüfungsfragen</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../uni-hohenheim-f239/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Uni Hohenheim</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../agrarwissenschaften-f240/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Agrarwissenschaften</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../agrarbiologie-f241/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Agrarbiologie</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../praktikums-erfahrungsberichte-f184/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Praktikums- & Erfahrungsberichte</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../beruf-bildung-f3/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Beruf & Bildung</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f5/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../ausbildung-f6/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Ausbildung</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../studium-f7/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Studium</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../praktikum-f9/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Praktikum</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../direkteinstieg-f8/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Direkteinstieg</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../bewerbung-f91/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Bewerbung</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../literatur-f92/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Literatur</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../wald-und-forstwirtschaft-f165/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Wald- und Forstwirtschaft</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f221/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../forsttechnik-f220/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Forsttechnik</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../umwelt-f62/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Umwelt</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f211/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../umweltschutz-f63/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Umweltschutz</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../klima-f64/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Klima</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../natur-und-artenschutz-f168/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Natur- und Artenschutz</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../energie-f20/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Energie</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f237/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../erneuerbare-energien-f22/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Erneuerbare Energien</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../windenergie-f23/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Windenergie</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../solarenergie-f24/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Solarenergie</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../biogas-f169/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Biogas</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../biosprit-f176/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Biosprit</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../sonstige-f170/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Sonstige</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../konventionelle-energien-f171/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Konventionelle Energien</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../gas-f172/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Gas</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../oel-f173/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Öl</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../kohle-f174/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Kohle</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../kernenergie-f175/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Kernenergie</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../verbrauch-versorgung-f21/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Verbrauch & Versorgung</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../verbraucher-f161/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Verbraucher</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../verbrauch-konsum-f162/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Verbrauch & Konsum</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../ernaehrung-gesundheit-f166/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Ernährung & Gesundheit</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../verbraucherschutz-f163/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Verbraucherschutz</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../landleben-f14/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Landleben</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f28/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../familie-f73/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Familie</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../recht-f80/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Recht</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../geld-anlage-f209/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Geld & Anlage</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../haushalt-f88/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Haushalt</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../bauen-wohnen-f81/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Bauen & Wohnen</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../garten-f83/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Garten</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../haustiere-f87/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Haustiere</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../pferdesport-f204/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Pferdesport</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../hobby-freizeit-f90/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Hobby & Freizeit</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../urlaub-reisen-f85/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Urlaub & Reisen</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../fotografie-f84/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Fotografie</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f116/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../pc-internet-gps-navigation-f26/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ PC & Internet, GPS & Navigation</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f40/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../internet-f102/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Internet</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../allgemeines-f215/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Allgemeines</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../browser-f213/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Browser</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../homepage-f214/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Homepage</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../hardware-f47/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Hardware</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../pc-f105/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ PC</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../notebooks-f103/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Notebooks</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../mda-pda-f104/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ MDA & PDA</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../komponenten-f106/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Komponenten</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../software-f222/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Software</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../betriebssysteme-f227/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Betriebssysteme</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../windows-f230/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Windows</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../safari-f231/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Safari</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../sonstige-betriebssysteme-f232/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Sonstige Betriebssysteme</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../office-anwendungen-f228/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Office-Anwendungen</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../landwirtschaftliche-software-f226/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Landwirtschaftliche Software</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../gis-f225/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ GIS</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../open-source-f224/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Open Source</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../freeware-f223/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Freeware</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../sonstige-software-f229/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Sonstige Software</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../gps-navigation-f234/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ GPS & Navigation</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../tipps-trends-f235/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Tipps & Trends</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../panorama-f48/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span class="spacer"></span> <span>↳ Panorama</span></a></li> <li><a href="./../verschiedenes-f86/?sid=a34dd1a4f23cd27685b0dedf95fc847f" class="jumpbox-sub-link"><span class="spacer"></span><span 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