CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.worldscientific.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8ea2c39db8ed8249',cH: '4HZR7jsPnspYUX5s3VAlpV3bdnfOsBIOKXpUj1j8vgw-1732885053-1.2.1.1-9cs8d9kfeFtJ05uVFSA29XGLNaMXMPSYFn9n2C_AFA0iOswhkJWylZbRS6y6grBy',cUPMDTk: "\/worldscinet\/osid?__cf_chl_tk=nyN2DVwsfghBjHS2K0qhl0rnquv6uLE9aoJzfBrZnac-1732885053-1.0.1.1-uH6Q7y95zG64_S3D8QcUokRmWi3XPWv2AEj2xx6Xs9U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732885053',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/worldscinet\/osid?__cf_chl_f_tk=nyN2DVwsfghBjHS2K0qhl0rnquv6uLE9aoJzfBrZnac-1732885053-1.0.1.1-uH6Q7y95zG64_S3D8QcUokRmWi3XPWv2AEj2xx6Xs9U",md: "NMK.vssbTSHebddjZjKBlVb6Zdjilp1UnOOKMhaGfR4-1732885053-1.2.1.1-o_DZHoptCe1Lvj4f8QsfetwguAwyN1f4tZqS9EG20jyWv_IY5axOnT3zVSKXdQe1dF07sb3J7hy3HR00N0KVAlodHLHeIdP4aPnTWX35YQOfVMUOcnYIAiCTraQgjyyC9iOAjolm6muxk.UTqwmwh1QBBV8AJzSXkSaab0.vHmWtgXE_wsBdtNZuYLshiPruUk2P_2XiWJOtCZY2.kzcX_GAry8t4l8KPZGWSFiGBreBloLfbtdxHiApqdng3_YCSFGei5pluVYU86wcYEBC5CQgQdkFZHTpvrVHo3EnkT4eixs6AzN7jP8ESCNozdyWamNv10Zp1yDUhxCjvat6Sp7PfN.cgnAvE.Lb1CzT3McwyZAQNRxz7HPcdIFJvL7qNEavVw08FleLBHG.6k7X2T5rt7nVP9n.uWz0oK1A.MY48k72bsyFukhB2KD7W1WNdKO1zdZPxFYQR_dTrvCsJRGQCR2g418SJU6uLhr6lQ775vLnsZyjxCPe.IhDzcdNkhu61fb2StJ_tSgLDGH9CnbiULARm47o_goHqjL6UfgLQRu_p7_eTQvnmOEyez1Cooufz4fSw78dlG18NOGghHAqV7XUVyOxts5BY.0.iUmToUf4nKAODyrVkYG12B01cefCSWqfKEHaEyPaae49ES1AazhevrUQh3Ce3RBfn_vxjqqpJT8ME9kxLXSiDdI2DvJ3sxPWucrhqflYZ_tb_tVZj4rAWGwMEQ5Op_uAsqPCaG5PuuvjhAVtipxlIX2FloYG.fl7qD1yI76BiGMEbfDeJ4CDbGEIkvpIu01Te1mXrc7dSS4pt25s0pZzfB_SiO6H00qKYeMWPLJlFH7Iv3lpk0ht8PWca9bSG53lEHv5NTmwwQqWTLwTBfSqirp_XpeoTAQ2kpLpoFr950zTX_I2J7T6XhKbVaGM2b99nanapKB_WxqWGSFU3y2wEcqEA1wt_JalaMuAcxeeapT_Vbqo5wwGBoLjj7jfR7BBzW6C4EhNE8xqB8L0tqXd9ymnBBkZHlPx4ALR.FIlp6ZBUmVAgDWSV445WwFr7NpoZQ_7VUKDAPV1GP5JNWTFg7YAf5IXUS9tVebJPXURwKNhXYVF8t_x1KePq3R2I4LA4WUeCZM64gwbf9WBpOSjtW2khVxAOsotSmjN_7.A__RU1ha1lB6Dn6w3U1mkHogXSBFKXpefz7GtzbulQQBLDgIoRPfZf8FfVmr33DMdWliUqgV_tw35Q8OidW.dh9v4CSkAXn1_LrAsD89rcdlRmZZN9hVEV_yXdqLbIkEVfdBSxQKRP7achBP_kBCMHBZlJ.RrFKWxADVw7E06Jfdao6Mf3BzCG478L593updDkfBVaMFBD8jVQXX40cdF2.xVgLQANDWCJsGt1168EPv17xXOc6CaSZ4hWyJrwwiFgzRZjjEX3rEeeSgEf4uM_pFwo7zb5eZgG9Rwx8KYmXGp00ZuT6wWnV9Lu2u6_LAUKH5IWkI2YzdwYKXd0g0YOav5TkIByU6RcNUUQX_QoiWW_lIiridT9hp6Ldk4KzGckbmZJ1E07HRffEz26ikQbYBjpshH.Ilp_zM7_Ggv9KO0grV3VnVrgOuwaXq7maGioGRuY40tnvgUwuCYR4w0kCdlPuINMvJojm5sfIr3ojsp5CNDxVFJIVLYTw2QYVFwjlfF..hntEDRY7sGpngW4HJy2ah76hAfXsFShEGJ3BoROAbDIOpS9iLHbOFSnpIffjBql6wxy5ZXU8kSEs.RxAkbwj4uN1mEoKcnrrgYxtsuikaMtpjmFuCrqcXJxj86uY6ZHBENUqOtAogduK6ApHmwdJ0N9J6ZwusFvYnaTI_15IdFvRCQaZkJ7rMLhOHqtv5RDtXHUH3be7LByto3bNjEUyq2TsTWb6kSY4EU_TCveC4IqPVHv8E9YYTYSTGUOgUm01hvUXpukEzx3Vg8ZWsIqxS9ls_OUEMUGwLHhLVGYF7EoIVW_kNceiDooy.8ZJFN0c2wUd4qc0_eSpRejwdZNoIhaMU5ySWhsnouQ_d9T6TLl5OrvCZPT5BRr7iBIi9zGf0H.29EcmppLZijGdEt25PCCQdc1xKX18rUG8V4TDVTByvjfUlI8r.wBRX90lhlGxB6s74Y87aXKct_0moj6V.KE7ooOuhmhOX3niTVbkm4SsjKno2Bo9fAmZoi1yl22GiwINhYUZYTirivz8oEP1gsbwZUU8QyoAdXqILyBNEAI32pJkxLDsy_SmaAEVc0nHA7dQ4L2I0frvRRZKZi4IMn5.D6QypD7xvzbISVrGUxPOC4eXJuZLYDkKV.mk6Ch.eZ2NF0SXN6e1alDjZh3iGMgIFKyd9U2Zubq1hzswGPnifF5Y7U1CYH4two0HYTJe0zVpfDMr381LR2PbVEFWi7mtUZe7gfSue7d6Cckv67M3dbheIuBl1iFrUJt3LgE1FYyU4QhGRb1IV0j9ndpd8CstOzoVIyCRYfzWgImbyLrj6PYSMzud72_HhxjmCzKRA4ks8hyteGJjQeGb32u8iF3ukJhUXAqiCCLPRbn2Sm30Dp4nNtFU6kBC0FW4ALzpJlGwtJA0VcGwYxY0s6CAf0OPtn06sJHgowrEh7zIRYK9pmehLX71ur7_Q.bxoEVKeXpnxGg7G0YOqvlIiuQHsU6o61WVhWA3taGY8cxhh8PUCdai1YCVfCrBnrgUBBNoYtEindoIKppW6Cj4s9rtFvyXxTwexl7mSitE_D48vrbOoIv..GP1P_C4InFOc5h290JBxNkOUUtuSonkNRZo11voyBznKgq.zglblyMjVM9G2l9xBjrhLxrvDaZ21e2a_oo8NXZEfZSqERvjCK_WJ68GyS0xrD2J6Yak9DCEJmD6EsNVXr9NYZ8XDpZBwsjR3uGpFjjPluFFaKPbPKC11FX83OREfKcLcVfxpVTVVD12UdioEua6T1ItPoZTF0qg",mdrd: "VavLL4RuNX4UFUsi8WRMkiwRfwX9Q3gmw7J0LLyz7Dg-1732885053-1.2.1.1-M_qg4uinTSoAxH4PB.gdGjrVQIcP5E26Wy0127T6lX2zN2xEgeEIq.Yy0c3EBTydh0M5AAOMmczs1xBlDc22jMnq9QrgTZrVoGYOaHUQRI9cXn6JP_Cw0CMXK8ufIEjbl7Pt1eaT1i2C09u4ZGWwroZbsRxNS_hebSja681kqNI58XDNfXUT6OfcS882F2b5UYQtMGt58547xn6FABdfE345xqN6NF8Q6wHoSGRyLB.7295ao1s7Q2.2QvQDEGAy2l0C00MsqHSZ95i8Rb2I8TLtXXuknQlhC_sc2NkH3DNaU1OGrn9TNx_OqCUAwqRNwB6S9fAYSwOm5FbntpOi5kV1mjw4N.zFhyt6.KEuEhZ8iPlIBOi0owjisvGuq4atsJKoi6VJEa0xSC9QFqenWTbCvMMjASvGahEFdjWELYrQMXQUnl2Pi8YZgwf5IcLqpctMojb.RKXP9_F8ir6ZjGXVIpNEo8bla25HV__QIeRmdJ5xSMtr_XzBVsZqAza0GzU9H85MPacVw03qv4mTLQWBVNDVxiDeV7VvtxljoHDRYdHZFSWL6g5UhTfAECXPv_Uvxek2zN5z.Ld9xV8FHGVNDDEtBWthnoOAFRW3839TgEKznkQ.Du3.1qp70b53_sUFi4WKlq_bHndKkBnZbqed3cYOrLBkmul8OHN5ITBTk.2gRbwtSHpJ4z9AsiVBi59x6t2Wyd12cUV.YkhDp3Sgrn5melsKJbHkoKiDFZlyXOcXz42akcLR1WRIXb3LN7qhwX_qd.nFJt4adowTcLrtILs9cfEPkuAr_P2Lzp9jrEIe8subZxYSEqqzFZSoR3r39YNGqeo3nSUjXjLredpz2APB_Vk89gdzlAszNFo2mpNVUtsy8Q50vfxoEkl1Fzql.1_xYJU6QqkcvJ6s9Faq21veHRPKz62qAr63vGOZKj3.I8iCn4SZesOoWWs45sejukAAUXtvUG5XMiwvq9khO5xTFRMiKknau2HqQOP90O0oqupE6aIXtQKuZgiAsb2KXu.cUeKAN4EetZNmef9p8JnAKOEEN8WrUbXsDtppPWKdMB2f4tJC6SNSMmv2I1ZwX3mC5ICUW4iuxtP47e8SC0XZ4wK.UVr3N6ZE_dTcplSZ_injwbGez4UJ4_amriaUrYVAqP77.0NNFJXMXndY80.NOfY2enKWTRH2zNm78OUqCcgUpIO3XkHHCHiaS8oo5GrX5aIkaF5Sdvr6JVBE5kgsPP.Qcitr990eOhYpbCgBS1dZ9DYuAav6zaEfz9KL78f2_y_8t7JatXrhgLGEQ5jI67IdxLD75y6c34I5LVkJpUtUM2olnzxyueOyIwKGe4n49FwjK2IZhB1.T9XFp83DMYVCU.kF_zLW4HDo82vDrF7sGYCpjVdmg.MnCpxSWSE5xP2Q3yS7YRTGEonsuo0stGp.8ATpdX464.LwpkGTH4GjM9637aaAG8gcITZlDHc.vvEAfMvVgXukR_mFiI7YMa0ewRkEbiTnbCvwGpcV2CkneRsdM3ZsWMkR_HSdwnU3Lbd8cFXuhYd_bIPV8_Y88jdJAYC8hsP6fRXUPcb0CGvyg0TUG_j8G1KszBWp7p8oDphAhdju_qnAk.3TKkqvW1VGw1W4EQxBOJWQJfVhwobIsa0TELao1EM0ogHlcrDSOTwOmcO0sEjYW_BCZdFDCLozdKb5G0fvfPZEXqBvCV7ho3ZnxGfJtAHrmldwpaIx1mEw6CwDbwQdqhbVQzgiU8KcllgVIdn4ZLU76uLsqAdqga2YP9rPnW1nI6y.KbNFpf7CJT3LxT1oZghLj3tY9yKiyW4W8FLNFIHOydKUEBJP189mt5xtYIntQqQ02XhV2cKazWqb5Mc5f7ZMn5gbJdLapVXzBGO03uumi3JjKUfjO4U0UuzGKWjBV6uI.btvA_bEg2lFoZzN2P0.lEVgPar5gsrDlPTToaZmdxgRKRuQ0ERtmDVO2lI4trEuKPofUKL8pfxIUZNWQg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ea2c39db8ed8249';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/worldscinet\/osid?__cf_chl_rt_tk=nyN2DVwsfghBjHS2K0qhl0rnquv6uLE9aoJzfBrZnac-1732885053-1.0.1.1-uH6Q7y95zG64_S3D8QcUokRmWi3XPWv2AEj2xx6Xs9U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>