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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_and_manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_and_manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition and manuscripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition_and_manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canonical_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonical_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Canonical status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonical_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Image gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Book of Tobit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek_van_Tobit" title="Boek van Tobit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boek van Tobit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سفر طوبيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفر طوبيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Кніга Тавіта – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кніга Тавіта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Книга на Товита – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Книга на Товита" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobit_(Buach)" title="Tobit (Buach) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tobit (Buach)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levr_Tobit" title="Levr Tobit – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Levr Tobit" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibre_de_Tobies" title="Llibre de Tobies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llibre de Tobies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniha_T%C3%B3bij%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Kniha Tóbijáš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kniha Tóbijáš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobits_Bog" title="Tobits Bog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tobits Bog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch_Tobit" title="Buch Tobit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buch Tobit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%89%CE%B2%CE%AF%CF%84" title="Τωβίτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τωβίτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_Tobit" title="Libro de Tobit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libro de Tobit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_Tobit" title="Libro de Tobit – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libro de Tobit" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobiasen_liburua" title="Tobiasen liburua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tobiasen liburua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="کتاب توبیاس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب توبیاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_de_Tobie" title="Livre de Tobie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre de Tobie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobit_(bibelboek)" title="Tobit (bibelboek) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tobit (bibelboek)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar_Th%C3%B3ib%C3%ADt" title="Leabhar Thóibít – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabhar Thóibít" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="तोबिताचें पुस्तक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तोबिताचें पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8" title="토비트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토비트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobija_(knjiga)" title="Tobija (knjiga) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tobija (knjiga)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Tobit" title="Kitab Tobit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kitab Tobit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_di_Tobia" title="Libro di Tobia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libro di Tobia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="ספר טוביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר טוביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobit" title="Tobit – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tobit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitabu_cha_Tobiti" title="Kitabu cha Tobiti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitabu cha Tobiti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_Tobiae" title="Liber Tobiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liber Tobiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobi" title="Tobi – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tobi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3bi%C3%A1s_k%C3%B6nyve" title="Tóbiás könyve – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tóbiás könyve" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Книга Товит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Книга Товит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokin%27_i_T%C3%B4bia" title="Bokin' i Tôbia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bokin' i Tôbia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="തോബിത്തിന്റെ പുസ്തകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തോബിത്തിന്റെ പുസ്തകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سفر طوبيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سفر طوبيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobit" title="Tobit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tobit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%93%E3%83%88%E8%A8%98" title="トビト記 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トビト記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobits_bok" title="Tobits bok – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tobits bok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%99ga_Tobiasza" title="Księga Tobiasza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Księga Tobiasza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro_de_Tobias" title="Livro de Tobias – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Livro de Tobias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartea_lui_Tobit" title="Cartea lui Tobit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cartea lui Tobit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobiyap_qillqasqan" title="Tobiyap qillqasqan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tobiyap qillqasqan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Книга Товита – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Книга Товита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Book of Tobit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniha_Tobi%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Kniha Tobiáš – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kniha Tobiáš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83" title="Књига о Товиту – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Књига о Товиту" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobija_(knjiga)" title="Tobija (knjiga) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tobija (knjiga)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobitin_kirja" title="Tobitin kirja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tobitin kirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobit" title="Tobit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tobit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklat_ni_Tobias" title="Aklat ni Tobias – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aklat ni Tobias" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="தோபித்து (நூல்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோபித்து (நூல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="หนังสือโทบิต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนังสือโทบิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Книга Товита – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Книга Товита" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%81" title="کتاب طوبیاہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کتاب طوبیاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basah%C3%A1n_ni_Tobit" title="Basahán ni Tobit – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Basahán ni Tobit" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="ספר טוביה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ספר טוביה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.8em;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joshua 1:1 as recorded in the Aleppo Codex"><img alt="Joshua 1:1 as recorded in the Aleppo Codex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/220px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/330px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/440px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; font-size:115%;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a></i> <span class="nobold">(Judaism)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Torah</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Instruction)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:11.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Bereshit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shemot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Wayiqra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Bemidbar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Devarim</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Nevi'im</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Prophets)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:10.0em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yehoshua</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shofetim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Samuel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shemuel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Kings</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Melakhim</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Latter_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Latter</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:10.0em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yeshayahu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yirmeyahu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yekhezqel</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor </a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Ketuvim</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Writings)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Poetic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Tehillim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Mishlei</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Iyov</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Five_Megillot" title="Five Megillot">Five <i>Megillot</i> <span class="nobold">(Scrolls)</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shir Hashirim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Rut</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Eikhah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Qohelet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Ester</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Historical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Daniyyel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ezra%E2%80%93Nehemiah" title="Ezra–Nehemiah">Ezra–Nehemiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Ezra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Chronicles</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Divre Hayyamim</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; font-size:115%;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"> <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> <span class="nobold">(Christianity)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Pentateuch#Contents" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Wisdom</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanonical</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Orthodox only</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;font-size:105%;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 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href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_154.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_154.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_154.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_154.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_154.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_154.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_154.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6252" data-file-height="8276" /></a><figcaption>Rembrandt: <i><a href="/wiki/Tobit_Accusing_Anna_of_Stealing_the_Kid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid">Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid</a></i> (1626)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Book of Tobit</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">apocryphal Jewish</a> work from the 3rd or early 2nd century BCE which describes how God tests the faithful, responds to prayers, and protects the covenant community (i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200711_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200711-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It tells the story of two Israelite families, that of the blind Tobit in <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> and of the abandoned Sarah in <a href="/wiki/Ecbatana" title="Ecbatana">Ecbatana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tobit's son Tobias is sent to retrieve ten silver <a href="/wiki/Talent_(measurement)" title="Talent (measurement)">talents</a> that Tobit once left in <a href="/wiki/Ray,_Iran" title="Ray, Iran">Rhages</a>, a town in <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Media</a>. Guided and aided by the angel <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a> he arrives in Ecbatana, where he meets Sarah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A demon named <a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Asmodeus</a> kills anyone she intends to marry, but with the aid of Raphael the demon is exorcised and Tobias and Sarah marry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200711_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200711-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tobias and Sarah then return to Nineveh, where Tobit is cured of his blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book is included in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Bible" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> canons and the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>, but not in the <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretic text">Masoretic text</a>. Protestant tradition places it in the <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutherans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodists</a> recognising it as useful for purposes of edification and liturgy, albeit <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">non-canonical</a> in status.<sup id="cite_ref-GeislerMacKenzie1995_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeislerMacKenzie1995-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wesley1825_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wesley1825-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DyckMartin1955_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyckMartin1955-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirwan2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirwan2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200711_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200711-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vast majority of modern commentators recognize it as a work of fiction with some references to historical events.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story is set in the 8th century BCE, but the book itself is thought to date from between 225 and 175 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200351_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200351-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No scholarly consensus exists on the place of composition, but a <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> origin seems logical given that the story takes place in <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persia</a> and it mentions the Persian demon "aeshma daeva", rendered "<a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Asmodeus</a>". However, the story contains significant errors in geographical detail (such as the distance from Ecbatana to Rhages and their topography), and arguments against and in favor of Judean or Egyptian composition also exist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller201112-15_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller201112-15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_summary">Structure and summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure and summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_(1860).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/220px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/330px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/440px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">Bouguereau</a>: <i>Tobias Saying Good-Bye to his Father</i> (1860)</figcaption></figure> <p>The book has 14 <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a>, forming three major narrative sections framed by a prologue and epilogue:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201358_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201358-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Prologue (1:1–2)</li> <li>Situation in Nineveh and Ecbatana (1:3–3:17)</li> <li>Tobias's journey (4:1–12:22)</li> <li>Tobit's song of praise and his death (13:1–14:2)</li> <li>Epilogue (14:3–15)</li></ul> <p><i>(Summarised from Benedikt Otzen, "Tobit and Judith").</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen20024-7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtzen20024-7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prologue tells the reader that this is the story of Tobit of the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">tribe of Naphtali</a>, deported from <a href="/wiki/Tishbe" title="Tishbe">Tishbe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>. He has always kept the <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic law">laws of Moses</a>, and brought offerings to the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> before the catastrophe of the Assyrian conquest. The narrative highlights his marriage to Anna, and they have a son named Tobias. </p><p>Tobit, a pious man, buries dead Israelites, but one evening while he sleeps he is partially blinded by a bird which defecates in his eyes; he later becomes fully blind after physicians place ointment in his eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He becomes dependent on his wife, but accuses her of stealing and prays for death. Meanwhile, his relative Sarah, living in far-off Ecbatana, also prays for death, for the demon <a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Asmodeus</a> has killed her suitors on their wedding nights and she is accused of having caused their deaths. </p><p>God hears their prayers and the archangel <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a> is sent to help them. Tobias is sent to recover money from a relative, and Raphael, in human disguise, offers to accompany him. On the way they catch a fish in the <a href="/wiki/Tigris_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigris River">Tigris</a>, and Raphael tells Tobias that the burnt heart and liver can drive out demons and the gall can cure blindness. They arrive in Ecbatana and meet Sarah, and as Raphael has predicted the demon is driven out. </p><p>Tobias and Sarah are married, Tobias grows wealthy, and they return to Nineveh (Assyria) where Tobit and Anna await them. Tobit's blindness is cured, and Raphael departs after admonishing Tobit and Tobias to bless God and declare his deeds to the people (the Israelites), to pray and fast, and to give alms. Tobit praises God, who has punished his people with exile but will show them mercy and rebuild the Temple if they turn to him. </p><p>In the epilogue Tobit tells Tobias that Nineveh will be destroyed as an example of wickedness; likewise Israel will be rendered desolate and the Temple will be destroyed, but Israel and the Temple will be restored; therefore Tobias should leave Nineveh, and he and his children should live in righteousness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tobit is a work with some historical references, combining prayers, ethical exhortation, humour and adventure with elements drawn from folklore, wisdom tale, travel story, romance and comedy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200712_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200712-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It offered the diaspora (the Jews in exile) guidance on how to retain Jewish identity, and its message was that God tests his people's faith, hears their prayers, and redeems the covenant community (i.e., the Jews).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200712_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200712-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Readings from the book are used in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a> of the Catholic Church. Because of the book's praise for the purity of marriage, it is often read during weddings in many rites. Doctrinally, the book is cited for its teachings on the <a href="/wiki/Intercession" title="Intercession">intercession</a> of angels, <a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">filial piety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alms" title="Alms">almsgiving</a>, and reverence for the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-nab_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nab-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tobit is also made reference to in chapter 5 of <a href="/wiki/Meqabyan#First_Book_of_Ethiopian_Maccabees_(1_Meqabyan)" title="Meqabyan">1 Meqabyan</a>, a book considered <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">canonical</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_manuscripts">Composition and manuscripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition and manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recto_of_leaf_from_the_Book_of_Tobit_(12906401985).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Recto_of_leaf_from_the_Book_of_Tobit_%2812906401985%29.jpg/220px-Recto_of_leaf_from_the_Book_of_Tobit_%2812906401985%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Recto_of_leaf_from_the_Book_of_Tobit_%2812906401985%29.jpg/330px-Recto_of_leaf_from_the_Book_of_Tobit_%2812906401985%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Recto_of_leaf_from_the_Book_of_Tobit_%2812906401985%29.jpg/440px-Recto_of_leaf_from_the_Book_of_Tobit_%2812906401985%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Leaf from a <a href="/wiki/Vellum" title="Vellum">vellum</a> manuscript of Tobit, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1240</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Tobit exists in two Greek versions, one (Sinaiticus) longer than the other (Vaticanus and Alexandrinus).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003736_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003736-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aramaic and Hebrew fragments of Tobit (four Aramaic, one Hebrew – it is not clear which was the original language) found among the Dead Sea Scrolls at <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> tend to align more closely with the longer or Sinaiticus version, which has formed the basis of most English translations in recent times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003736_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003736-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> places Tobit, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a> after the historical books (after <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a>). Some manuscripts of the Greek version place them after the wisdom writings.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canonical_status">Canonical status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canonical status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those books found in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, but not in the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretic text">Masoretic text</a> are called the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterocanon">deuterocanon</a>, meaning "second canon".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigosian2004197_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENigosian2004197-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholic and Orthodox Christianity include it in the Biblical canon. As Protestants came to follow the Masoretic canon, they therefore did not include Tobit in their canon, but do recognise it in the category of deuterocanonical books called the <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">apocrypha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigosian2004197_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENigosian2004197-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Book of Tobit is listed as a canonical book by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Rome" title="Council of Rome">Council of Rome</a> (AD 382),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Hippo">Council of Hippo</a> (AD 393),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Carthage_(397)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Carthage (397)">Council of Carthage (397)</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and (AD 419),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> (1442)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> (1546),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is part of the canon of both the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Churches">Eastern Orthodox Churches</a>. Catholics refer to it as <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzmyer55_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitzmyer55-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 397</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Pope Innocent I</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (AD 405) affirmed Tobit as part of the Old Testament Canon. <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a> (AD 367) mentioned that certain other books, including the book of Tobit, while not being part of the Canon, "were appointed by the Fathers to be read".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rufinus_of_Aquileia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rufinus of Aquileia">Rufinus of Aquileia</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 400</span>) the book of Tobit and other deuterocanonical books were not called Canonical but Ecclesiastical books.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Protestant traditions place the book of Tobit in an intertestamental section called <a href="/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GeislerMacKenzie1995_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeislerMacKenzie1995-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a>, the book of Tobit is quoted liturgically during <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> weddings, with "the book of Tobit as the basis for the wedding sermon."<sup id="cite_ref-DyckMartin1955_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DyckMartin1955-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Luther Bible</a> holds Tobit as part of the "Apocrypha, that is, books which are not held equal to the sacred Scriptures, and nevertheless are useful to read".<sup id="cite_ref-Kirwan2015_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirwan2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a>'s personal view was that even if it were "all made up, then it is indeed a very beautiful, wholesome and useful fiction or drama by a gifted poet" and that "this book is useful and good for us Christians to read."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article VI of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> lists it as a book of the "<a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> liturgical book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Service_of_the_Methodists" title="The Sunday Service of the Methodists">The Sunday Service of the Methodists</a></i>, employs verses from Tobit in the Eucharistic liturgy.<sup id="cite_ref-Wesley1825_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wesley1825-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lection" title="Lection">Scripture readings</a> from the Apocrypha are included in the <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">lectionaries</a> of the Lutheran Churches and the Anglican Churches, among other denominations using the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Common_Lectionary" title="Revised Common Lectionary">Revised Common Lectionary</a>, though alternate Old Testament readings are provided.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liturgically, the Catholic and Anglican churches may use a scripture reading from the Book of Tobit in services of Holy Matrimony.<sup id="cite_ref-DeSilva2002_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeSilva2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tobit contains some interesting evidence of the early evolution of the canon, referring to two rather than three divisions, the Law of Moses (i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">torah</a>) and the prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDempster2008unpaginated_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDempster2008unpaginated-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For unknown reasons it is not included in the Masoretic text of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, although four Aramaic and one Hebrew fragment were found among the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>, indicating an authoritative status among some sects.<sup id="cite_ref-Klawans_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klawans-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposed explanations have included its age, literary quality, a supposed Samaritan origin, or an infringement of ritual law, in that it depicts the marriage contract between Tobias and his bride as written by her father rather than her groom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200355_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200355-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, allusions to fallen angels and its thematic connections with works such as <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a> may have disqualified it from canonicity. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlawans2020150_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlawans2020150-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is, however, found in the Greek text of the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, from which it was adopted into the Christian canon by the end of the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200355_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200355-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tobit's place in the Christian canon allowed it to influence theology, art and culture in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was often dealt with by the early Church fathers, and the motif of Tobias and the fish (the fish being a symbol of Christ) was extremely popular in both art and theology;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this is normally called <i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel" title="Tobias and the Angel">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> in art. Particularly noteworthy in this connection are the works of <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, who, despite belonging to the Dutch Reformed Church, was responsible for a series of paintings and drawings illustrating episodes from the book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholarship on <a href="/wiki/Folkloristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkloristics">folkloristics</a> (for instance, <a href="/wiki/Stith_Thompson" title="Stith Thompson">Stith Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dov_Noy" title="Dov Noy">Dov Noy</a>, Heda Jason and Gédeon Huet) recognizes the Book of Tobit as containing an early incarnation of the story of <i><a href="/wiki/Grateful_dead_(folklore)" title="Grateful dead (folklore)">The Grateful Dead</a></i>, albeit with an angel as the hero's helper, instead of the spirit of a dead man.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of Tobit inspired also the <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Il_ritorno_di_Tobia" title="Il ritorno di Tobia">Il ritorno di Tobia</a></i> (1775) by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Master_of_Noah%27s_Ark%22_-_Cutting_from_a_Gradual-_Initial_I_with_Departure_of_Tobias_-_2011.68_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Departure of Tobias guided by the archangel Raphael; cutting from an initial I from a gradual by the Master of Noah's Ark: Cleveland Museum of Art"><img alt="Departure of Tobias guided by the archangel Raphael; cutting from an initial I from a gradual by the Master of Noah's Ark: Cleveland Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%22Master_of_Noah%27s_Ark%22_-_Cutting_from_a_Gradual-_Initial_I_with_Departure_of_Tobias_-_2011.68_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-228px-%22Master_of_Noah%27s_Ark%22_-_Cutting_from_a_Gradual-_Initial_I_with_Departure_of_Tobias_-_2011.68_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%22Master_of_Noah%27s_Ark%22_-_Cutting_from_a_Gradual-_Initial_I_with_Departure_of_Tobias_-_2011.68_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-342px-%22Master_of_Noah%27s_Ark%22_-_Cutting_from_a_Gradual-_Initial_I_with_Departure_of_Tobias_-_2011.68_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%22Master_of_Noah%27s_Ark%22_-_Cutting_from_a_Gradual-_Initial_I_with_Departure_of_Tobias_-_2011.68_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-456px-%22Master_of_Noah%27s_Ark%22_-_Cutting_from_a_Gradual-_Initial_I_with_Departure_of_Tobias_-_2011.68_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5298" data-file-height="5575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 132px"><div class="gallerytext">Departure of Tobias guided by the archangel Raphael; cutting from an initial I from a gradual by the Master of Noah's Ark: Cleveland Museum of Art</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_cura_a_cegueira_de_seu_pai_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tobias heals the blindness of his father Tobit, by Domingos Sequeira"><img alt="Tobias heals the blindness of his father Tobit, by Domingos Sequeira" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tobias_cura_a_cegueira_de_seu_pai_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png/196px-Tobias_cura_a_cegueira_de_seu_pai_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png" decoding="async" width="131" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tobias_cura_a_cegueira_de_seu_pai_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png/295px-Tobias_cura_a_cegueira_de_seu_pai_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tobias_cura_a_cegueira_de_seu_pai_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png/393px-Tobias_cura_a_cegueira_de_seu_pai_-_Domingos_Sequeira.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="821" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 111px"><div class="gallerytext">Tobias heals the blindness of his father Tobit, by <a href="/wiki/Domingos_Sequeira" title="Domingos Sequeira">Domingos Sequeira</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuscript_Illumination_with_Tobit,_Tobias,_and_the_Archangel_Raphael_in_an_Initial_O,_from_an_Antiphonary_MET_sf31-134-6s1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illumination with Tobit, Tobias, and the archangel Raphael in an initial O. (14th century AD)"><img alt="Illumination with Tobit, Tobias, and the archangel Raphael in an initial O. (14th century AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Manuscript_Illumination_with_Tobit%2C_Tobias%2C_and_the_Archangel_Raphael_in_an_Initial_O%2C_from_an_Antiphonary_MET_sf31-134-6s1.jpg/213px-Manuscript_Illumination_with_Tobit%2C_Tobias%2C_and_the_Archangel_Raphael_in_an_Initial_O%2C_from_an_Antiphonary_MET_sf31-134-6s1.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Manuscript_Illumination_with_Tobit%2C_Tobias%2C_and_the_Archangel_Raphael_in_an_Initial_O%2C_from_an_Antiphonary_MET_sf31-134-6s1.jpg/320px-Manuscript_Illumination_with_Tobit%2C_Tobias%2C_and_the_Archangel_Raphael_in_an_Initial_O%2C_from_an_Antiphonary_MET_sf31-134-6s1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Manuscript_Illumination_with_Tobit%2C_Tobias%2C_and_the_Archangel_Raphael_in_an_Initial_O%2C_from_an_Antiphonary_MET_sf31-134-6s1.jpg/427px-Manuscript_Illumination_with_Tobit%2C_Tobias%2C_and_the_Archangel_Raphael_in_an_Initial_O%2C_from_an_Antiphonary_MET_sf31-134-6s1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="2092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 122px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illumination</a> with Tobit, Tobias, and the archangel <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Initial" title="Initial">initial</a> O. (14th century AD)</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_160.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anna and the Blind Tobit, Rembrandt and Dou (1630)"><img alt="Anna and the Blind Tobit, Rembrandt and Dou (1630)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_160.jpg/180px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_160.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_160.jpg/270px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_160.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_160.jpg/360px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_160.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3167" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 100px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Anna and the Blind Tobit</i>, Rembrandt and Dou (1630)</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tobias and the Angel, Filippino Lippi, c. 1472–1482"><img alt="Tobias and the Angel, Filippino Lippi, c. 1472–1482" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/171px-Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/256px-Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg/341px-Tobias_and_the_Angel_-_Filippino_Lippi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5529" data-file-height="7769" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 94px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Tobias and the Angel</i>, Filippino Lippi, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1472–1482</span></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 243.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Steen_-_Tobias_en_Sarah_bidden_terwijl_Rafael_bindt_de_demon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The wedding of Tobias and Sarah: Raphael binds the demon. Jan Steen, c. 1660"><img alt="The wedding of Tobias and Sarah: Raphael binds the demon. Jan Steen, c. 1660" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Jan_Steen_-_Tobias_en_Sarah_bidden_terwijl_Rafael_bindt_de_demon.jpg/365px-Jan_Steen_-_Tobias_en_Sarah_bidden_terwijl_Rafael_bindt_de_demon.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Jan_Steen_-_Tobias_en_Sarah_bidden_terwijl_Rafael_bindt_de_demon.jpg/547px-Jan_Steen_-_Tobias_en_Sarah_bidden_terwijl_Rafael_bindt_de_demon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Jan_Steen_-_Tobias_en_Sarah_bidden_terwijl_Rafael_bindt_de_demon.jpg/729px-Jan_Steen_-_Tobias_en_Sarah_bidden_terwijl_Rafael_bindt_de_demon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="992" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 224px"><div class="gallerytext">The wedding of Tobias and Sarah: Raphael binds the demon. Jan Steen, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1660</span></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_de_Pape_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tobit and Anna, Abraham De Pape, c. 1658 National Gallery of London"><img alt="Tobit and Anna, Abraham De Pape, c. 1658 National Gallery of London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Abraham_de_Pape_001.jpg/338px-Abraham_de_Pape_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Abraham_de_Pape_001.jpg/507px-Abraham_de_Pape_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Abraham_de_Pape_001.jpg/676px-Abraham_de_Pape_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5946" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 206px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Tobit and Anna</i>, Abraham De Pape, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1658</span> <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery of London">National Gallery of London</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Roundels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias,_1._Tobit_comforts_Hanna,_Southern_Netherlands,_c._1500,_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne,_Germany_-_DSC09853.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tobit comforts Anna, stained glass roundel, southern Netherlands, c. 1500"><img alt="Tobit comforts Anna, stained glass roundel, southern Netherlands, c. 1500" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Three_Roundels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias%2C_1._Tobit_comforts_Hanna%2C_Southern_Netherlands%2C_c._1500%2C_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne%2C_Germany_-_DSC09853.jpg/241px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Three_Roundels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias%2C_1._Tobit_comforts_Hanna%2C_Southern_Netherlands%2C_c._1500%2C_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne%2C_Germany_-_DSC09853.jpg/361px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Three_Roundels_from_the_Life_of_Tobias%2C_1._Tobit_comforts_Hanna%2C_Southern_Netherlands%2C_c._1500%2C_stained_glass_-_Museum_Schn%C3%BCtgen_-_Cologne%2C_Germany_-_DSC09853.jpg/482px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3442" data-file-height="3429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 141px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Tobit comforts Anna</i>, stained glass roundel, southern Netherlands, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobit_burying_the_dead._Etching_by_F._Bartolozzi_after_G.B._Wellcome_V0034450.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tobit buries the dead, F. Bartolozzi after G.B. Castiglione, 1651."><img alt="Tobit buries the dead, F. Bartolozzi after G.B. Castiglione, 1651." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tobit_burying_the_dead._Etching_by_F._Bartolozzi_after_G.B._Wellcome_V0034450.jpg/360px-Tobit_burying_the_dead._Etching_by_F._Bartolozzi_after_G.B._Wellcome_V0034450.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tobit_burying_the_dead._Etching_by_F._Bartolozzi_after_G.B._Wellcome_V0034450.jpg/540px-Tobit_burying_the_dead._Etching_by_F._Bartolozzi_after_G.B._Wellcome_V0034450.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tobit_burying_the_dead._Etching_by_F._Bartolozzi_after_G.B._Wellcome_V0034450.jpg/719px-Tobit_burying_the_dead._Etching_by_F._Bartolozzi_after_G.B._Wellcome_V0034450.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3246" data-file-height="2167" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 220px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Tobit buries the dead</i>, F. Bartolozzi after G.B. Castiglione, 1651.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Blindness_of_Tobit-_A_Sketch_MET_DP814325.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Blindness of Tobit: A Sketch, William James Smith, After Rembrandt, ca. 1825."><img alt="The Blindness of Tobit: A Sketch, William James Smith, After Rembrandt, ca. 1825." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Blindness_of_Tobit-_A_Sketch_MET_DP814325.jpg/174px-The_Blindness_of_Tobit-_A_Sketch_MET_DP814325.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Blindness_of_Tobit-_A_Sketch_MET_DP814325.jpg/261px-The_Blindness_of_Tobit-_A_Sketch_MET_DP814325.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Blindness_of_Tobit-_A_Sketch_MET_DP814325.jpg/348px-The_Blindness_of_Tobit-_A_Sketch_MET_DP814325.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="3280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 96px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>The Blindness of Tobit: A Sketch</i>, William James Smith, After Rembrandt, ca. 1825.</div> </div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Untier_of_Knots" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Untier of Knots">Mary Untier of Knots</a> (painting with Tobias and the Angel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Verrocchio)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Verrocchio)">Tobias and the Angel (Verrocchio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher_in_Meditation" title="Philosopher in Meditation">Philosopher in Meditation</a> ("Tobit and Anna in an Interior" by Rembrandt)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Τωβίθ</span> <i>Tōbith</i> or <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Τωβίτ</span></span> <i>Tōbit</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Τωβείθ</span></span> and <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Τωβείτ</span></span> spellings are also attested) itself from <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">טובי</span> <i>Tovi</i> "my good"; <b>Book of Tobias</b> in the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Τωβίας</span></span> <i>Tōbias</i>, itself from the Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">טוביה</span></span> <i>Tovyah</i> "<a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Yah</a> is good"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as the <b>Book of Tobias</b>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200711-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200711_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200711_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200711_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2007">Levine 2007</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201331_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzmyer2013">Fitzmyer 2013</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GeislerMacKenzie1995-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GeislerMacKenzie1995_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GeislerMacKenzie1995_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeislerMacKenzie1995" class="citation book cs1">Geisler, Norman L.; MacKenzie, Ralph E. (1995). <i>Roman Catholics and Evangelicals: Agreements and Differences</i>. Baker Publishing Group. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3875-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-3875-4"><bdi>978-0-8010-3875-4</bdi></a>. <q>Lutherans and Anglicans used it only for ethical / devotional matters but did not consider it authoritative in matters of faith.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Catholics+and+Evangelicals%3A+Agreements+and+Differences&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Baker+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-3875-4&rft.aulast=Geisler&rft.aufirst=Norman+L.&rft.au=MacKenzie%2C+Ralph+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wesley1825-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wesley1825_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wesley1825_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Wesley1825" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> (1825). <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Service_of_the_Methodists;_With_Other_Occasional_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday Service of the Methodists; With Other Occasional Services"><i>The Sunday Service of the Methodists; With Other Occasional Services</i></a>. J. Kershaw. p. 136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sunday+Service+of+the+Methodists%3B+With+Other+Occasional+Services&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=J.+Kershaw&rft.date=1825&rft.au=John+Wesley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DyckMartin1955-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DyckMartin1955_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DyckMartin1955_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyckMartin1955" class="citation book cs1">Dyck, Cornelius J.; Martin, Dennis D. (1955). <i>The Mennonite Encyclopedia: A-C</i>. Mennonite Brethren Publishing House. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8361-1119-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8361-1119-4"><bdi>978-0-8361-1119-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mennonite+Encyclopedia%3A+A-C&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Mennonite+Brethren+Publishing+House&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=978-0-8361-1119-4&rft.aulast=Dyck&rft.aufirst=Cornelius+J.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Dennis+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirwan2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirwan2015_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirwan2015_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirwan2015" class="citation book cs1">Kirwan, Peter (16 April 2015). <i>Shakespeare and the Idea of Apocrypha: Negotiating the Boundaries of the Dramatic Canon</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-30053-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-30053-4"><bdi>978-1-316-30053-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+and+the+Idea+of+Apocrypha%3A+Negotiating+the+Boundaries+of+the+Dramatic+Canon&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft.isbn=978-1-316-30053-4&rft.aulast=Kirwan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200331_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzmyer2003">Fitzmyer 2003</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200351-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200351_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzmyer2003">Fitzmyer 2003</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller201112-15-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller201112-15_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2011">Miller 2011</a>, p. 12-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201358-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer201358_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzmyer2013">Fitzmyer 2013</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtzen20024-7-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen20024-7_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOtzen2002">Otzen 2002</a>, p. 4-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tobit 2:7-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200712-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200712_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200712_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2007">Levine 2007</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nab-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nab_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/__PCA.HTM">"Introduction"</a>, <i>Tobit</i>, NAB, Libreria Editrice Vaticana <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227202156/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/__PCA.HTM">Archived</a> February 27, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tobit, The Book of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tobit,_The_Book_of">"Tobit, The Book of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1041–1042.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tobit%2C+The+Book+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=1041-1042&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torahofyeshuah.blogspot.com/2015/07/book-of-meqabyan-i-iii.html">"Torah of Yeshuah: Book of Meqabyan I – III"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923192431/http://torahofyeshuah.blogspot.com/2015/07/book-of-meqabyan-i-iii.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torah+of+Yeshuah%3A+Book+of+Meqabyan+I+%E2%80%93+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftorahofyeshuah.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F07%2Fbook-of-meqabyan-i-iii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003736-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003736_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe2003736_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2003">Grabbe 2003</a>, p. 736.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> (1966), "Introduction to Tobit, Judith and Esther", p. 601</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENigosian2004197-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigosian2004197_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigosian2004197_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNigosian2004">Nigosian 2004</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/decretum_eng.htm">"Tertullian : Decretum Gelasianum (English translation)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119145253/http://www.tertullian.org/decretum_eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tertullian+%3A+Decretum+Gelasianum+%28English+translation%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Fdecretum_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xv.iv.iv.xxv.html">"Canon XXIV. (Greek xxvii.)"</a>, <i>The Canons of the 217 Blessed Fathers who assembled at Carthage</i>, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826232316/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xv.iv.iv.xxv.html">archived</a> from the original on 2016-08-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-19</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canon+XXIV.+%28Greek+xxvii.%29&rft.btitle=The+Canons+of+the+217+Blessed+Fathers+who+assembled+at+Carthage&rft.pub=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fnpnf214.xv.iv.iv.xxv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. F. Westcott, <i>A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament</i> (5th ed. Edinburgh, 1881), pp. 440, 541–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3816.htm">"Council of Carthage (A.D. 419) Canon 24"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161216205314/http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3816.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+of+Carthage+%28A.D.+419%29+Canon+24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F3816.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM"><i>Eccumenical Council of Florence and Council of Basel Session 11—4 February 1442</i></a>. ewtn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507113230/http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eccumenical+Council+of+Florence+and+Council+of+Basel+Session+11%E2%80%944+February+1442&rft.pub=ewtn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FCOUNCILS%2FFLORENCE.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/TRENT4.htm">"Session IV Celebrated on the eighth day of April, 1546 under Pope Paul III"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323195835/http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/TRENT4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Session+IV+Celebrated+on+the+eighth+day+of+April%2C+1546+under+Pope+Paul+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FCOUNCILS%2FTRENT4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitzmyer55-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fitzmyer55_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fitzmyer, at p. 50, 55–57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFof_Hippo" class="citation book cs1">of Hippo, Augustine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/12022.htm"><i>On Christian Doctrine Book II Chapter 8:2</i></a>. newadvent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716093036/http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/12022.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Christian+Doctrine+Book+II+Chapter+8%3A2&rft.pub=newadvent&rft.aulast=of+Hippo&rft.aufirst=Augustine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F12022.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestcott2005" class="citation book cs1">Westcott, Brooke Foss (2005). <i>A general survey of the history of the canon of the New Testament Page 570</i> (6th ed.). Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1597522392" title="Special:BookSources/1597522392"><bdi>1597522392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+general+survey+of+the+history+of+the+canon+of+the+New+Testament+Page+570&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1597522392&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=Brooke+Foss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFof_Alexandria" class="citation book cs1">of Alexandria, Athanasius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2806039.htm"><i>CHURCH FATHERS: Letter 39 (Athanasius)</i></a>. newadvent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121014620/http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2806039.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CHURCH+FATHERS%3A+Letter+39+%28Athanasius%29&rft.pub=newadvent&rft.aulast=of+Alexandria&rft.aufirst=Athanasius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F2806039.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFof_Aquileia" class="citation book cs1">of Aquileia, Rufinus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2711.htm"><i>Commentary on the Apostles' Creed #38</i></a>. newadvent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111143129/http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2711.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentary+on+the+Apostles%27+Creed+%2338&rft.pub=newadvent&rft.aulast=of+Aquileia&rft.aufirst=Rufinus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F2711.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701111544/http://anglicansonline.org/basics/thirty-nine_articles.html">"Anglican Articles of Religion"</a>. Anglicansonline.org. 2007-04-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglicansonline.org/basics/thirty-nine_articles.html">the original</a> on 2007-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anglican+Articles+of+Religion&rft.pub=Anglicansonline.org&rft.date=2007-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanglicansonline.org%2Fbasics%2Fthirty-nine_articles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Readings from the Apocrypha</i>. Forward Movement Publications. 1981. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Readings+from+the+Apocrypha&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Forward+Movement+Publications&rft.date=1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701230910/http://www.commontexts.org/rcl/RCL_Introduction_Web.pdf">"The Revised Common Lectionary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Consultation on Common Texts. 1992. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commontexts.org/rcl/rcl_introduction_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>In all places where a reading from the deuterocanonical books (The Apocrypha) is listed, an alternate reading from the canonical Scriptures has also been provided.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Revised+Common+Lectionary&rft.pub=Consultation+on+Common+Texts&rft.date=1992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commontexts.org%2Frcl%2Frcl_introduction_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeSilva2002-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeSilva2002_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeSilva2002" class="citation book cs1">DeSilva, David Arthur (2002). <i>Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, and Significance</i>. Baker Academic. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2319-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2319-4"><bdi>978-0-8010-2319-4</bdi></a>. <q>The author also promotes an ideology of marriage, revealed mainly in the prayer of 8:5–7 (which is an optional Old Testament reading in Catholic, Anglican, and United Methodist marriage services).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+the+Apocrypha%3A+Message%2C+Context%2C+and+Significance&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-2319-4&rft.aulast=DeSilva&rft.aufirst=David+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDempster2008unpaginated-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDempster2008unpaginated_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDempster2008">Dempster 2008</a>, p. unpaginated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klawans-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klawans_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlawans2020" class="citation book cs1">Klawans, Jonathan (2020). <i>The Jewish Annotated Apocrypha</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 149–151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-026248-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-026248-8"><bdi>978-0-19-026248-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Annotated+Apocrypha&rft.pages=149-151&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-026248-8&rft.aulast=Klawans&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200355-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200355_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmyer200355_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzmyer2003">Fitzmyer 2003</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlawans2020150-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlawans2020150_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlawans2020">Klawans 2020</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtzen200265-66_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOtzen2002">Otzen 2002</a>, p. 65-66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura A. Hibbard, <i>Medieval Romance in England</i> p. 74. New York Burt Franklin, 1963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huet, G. "LE CONTE DU « MORT RECONNAISSANT » ET LE LIVRE DE TOBIE." Revue De L'histoire Des Religions 71 (1915): 1-29. Accessed June 18, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/23662846.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jason, Heda. "Study of Israelite and Jewish Oral and Folk Literature: Problems and Issues". In: <i>Asian Folklore Studies</i> 49, no. 1 (1990): 88. Accessed May 18, 2021. doi:10.2307/1177950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1977" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Stith (1977). <i>The Folktale</i>. University of California Press. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-03537-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-03537-2"><bdi>0-520-03537-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Folktale&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-520-03537-2&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Stith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noy, Dov. <i>Folktales of Israel</i>. University of Chicago Press. 1963. p. 126.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDempster2008" class="citation book cs1">Dempster, Stephen G. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wfwq-9gaZFcC&q=%22scattered+references+to+a+bipartite+collection%22&pg=PT59">"Torah, Torah, Torah: The Emergence of the Tripartite Canon"</a>. In Evans, Craig A.; Tov, Emanuel (eds.). <i>Exploring the Origins of the Bible</i>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585588145" title="Special:BookSources/9781585588145"><bdi>9781585588145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Torah%2C+Torah%2C+Torah%3A+The+Emergence+of+the+Tripartite+Canon&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Origins+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781585588145&rft.aulast=Dempster&rft.aufirst=Stephen+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwfwq-9gaZFcC%26q%3D%2522scattered%2Breferences%2Bto%2Ba%2Bbipartite%2Bcollection%2522%26pg%3DPT59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzmyer2013" class="citation book cs1">Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GKcFCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58"><i>Tobit</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110907032" title="Special:BookSources/9783110907032"><bdi>9783110907032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tobit&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783110907032&rft.aulast=Fitzmyer&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGKcFCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzmyer2003" class="citation book cs1">Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fxea1X6HpZ8C&pg=PA54"><i>Tobit</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110175745" title="Special:BookSources/9783110175745"><bdi>9783110175745</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tobit&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9783110175745&rft.aulast=Fitzmyer&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfxea1X6HpZ8C%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2003" class="citation book cs1">Grabbe, Lester (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA736">"Tobit"</a>. In Dunn, James D. G. (ed.). <i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837110"><bdi>9780802837110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tobit&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802837110&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26pg%3DPA736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2007" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Amy-Jill (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MnhUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">"Tobit"</a>. In Coogan, Michael David (ed.). <i>The New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195288803" title="Special:BookSources/9780195288803"><bdi>9780195288803</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tobit&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Apocrypha&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780195288803&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Amy-Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMnhUDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Geoffrey David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U9Bn3SAEfJcC&pg=PA10"><i>Marriage in the Book of Tobit</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110247862" title="Special:BookSources/9783110247862"><bdi>9783110247862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marriage+in+the+Book+of+Tobit&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783110247862&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU9Bn3SAEfJcC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigosian2004" class="citation book cs1">Nigosian, S. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gpAAKpmMHYoC&pg=PA197"><i>From Ancient Writings to Sacred Texts: The Old Testament and Apocrypha</i></a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801879883" title="Special:BookSources/9780801879883"><bdi>9780801879883</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Ancient+Writings+to+Sacred+Texts%3A+The+Old+Testament+and+Apocrypha&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780801879883&rft.aulast=Nigosian&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgpAAKpmMHYoC%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtzen2002" class="citation book cs1">Otzen, Benedikt (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v3tEWQL1Am8C&pg=PA4"><i>Tobit and Judith</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826460530" title="Special:BookSources/9780826460530"><bdi>9780826460530</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tobit+and+Judith&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780826460530&rft.aulast=Otzen&rft.aufirst=Benedikt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv3tEWQL1Am8C%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Barker, Margaret (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nwjUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123">"The Angel Raphael in the Book of Tobit"</a>. In Bredin, Mark (ed.). <i>Studies in the Book of Tobit</i>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567082299" title="Special:BookSources/9780567082299"><bdi>9780567082299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Angel+Raphael+in+the+Book+of+Tobit&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Book+of+Tobit&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780567082299&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnwjUAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Tobit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_of_Tobit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Book_of_Tobit">Book of Tobit</a> in Hebrew and English, from <a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://st-takla.org/pub_Deuterocanon/Deuterocanon-Apocrypha_El-Asfar_El-Kanoneya_El-Tanya__1-Tobit.html">Book of Tobit</a> from <a href="/wiki/St._Takla_Haymanot%27s_Church_(Alexandria)" title="St. Takla Haymanot's Church (Alexandria)">St. Takla Haymanot's</a> <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox">Coptic Orthodox</a> website in English (also available in Arabic)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilbankTalbert,_Andrew2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Milbank" title="Alison Milbank">Milbank, Alison</a>; Talbert, Andrew (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibledex.com/videos/tobit.html">"Tobit"</a>. <i>Bibledex: Deuterocanonical Books</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brady_Haran" title="Brady Haran">Brady Haran</a> for the University of Nottingham.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bibledex%3A+Deuterocanonical+Books&rft.atitle=Tobit&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Milbank&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.au=Talbert%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibledex.com%2Fvideos%2Ftobit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Tobit&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Tobit</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> Various versions</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Tobit, Book of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Tobit,_Book_of">"Tobit, Book of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tobit%2C+Book+of&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Tobit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid ;"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">R. Catholic</a></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ezra%E2%80%93Nehemiah" title="Ezra–Nehemiah">Ezra–Nehemiah</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a>)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Tobit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Tobit" title="Template:Book of Tobit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Tobit" title="Template talk:Book of Tobit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Tobit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Tobit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Tobit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Book of Tobit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Book of Tobit</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tobit</li> <li>Anna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias" title="Tobias">Tobias</a></li> <li>Sarah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Asmodeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali" title="Tribe of Naphtali">Tribe of Naphtali</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_(1860).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/150px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/225px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png/300px-William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_%281825-1905%29_-_Tobias_Saying_Good-Bye_to_his_Father_%281860%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1480" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecbatana" title="Ecbatana">Ecbatana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishbe" title="Tishbe">Tishbe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals in media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel" title="Tobias and the Angel">Tobias and the Angel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(opera)" title="Tobias and the Angel (opera)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Jonathan Dove, 1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Painting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Pollaiuolo)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Pollaiuolo)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Antonio and Piero del Pollaiuolo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1465–1470</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Verrocchio)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Verrocchio)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Verrocchio, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1470–1475</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Filippino_Lippi)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Filippino Lippi)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Filippino Lippi, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475–1480</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_and_Young_Tobias" title="Three Angels and Young Tobias">Three Angels and Young Tobias</a></i> (Filippino Lippi, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1485</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_Pavia_Altarpiece" title="Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece">Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece</a></i> (Pietro Perugino, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1496–1500</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archangel_Raphael_and_Tobias_(Titian)" title="The Archangel Raphael and Tobias (Titian)">The Archangel Raphael and Tobias</a></i> (Titian, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1512–1514</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Savoldo)" title="Tobias and the Angel (Savoldo)">Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Giovanni Girolamo Savoldo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1527</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobias%27_Journey" title="Tobias' Journey">Tobias' Journey</a></i> (Joos de Momper)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobit_Accusing_Anna_of_Stealing_the_Kid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid">Tobit Accusing Anna of Stealing the Kid</a></i> (Rembrandt, 1626)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosopher_in_Meditation" title="Philosopher in Meditation">Philosopher in Meditation</a></i> (Rembrandt, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1632</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archangel_Raphael_Leaving_Tobias%27_Family" title="The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family">The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family</a></i> (Rembrandt, 1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_Tobias_and_the_Angel_(Rosa)" title="Landscape with Tobias and the Angel (Rosa)">Landscape with Tobias and the Angel</a></i> (Salvator Rosa, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1662</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Untier_of_Knots" title="Mary, Untier of Knots">Mary, Untier of Knots</a></i> (Johann Georg Melchior Schmidtner, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1700</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Biblical apocrypha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanonical books</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%A4%CF%89%CE%B2%CE%AF%CF%84" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Τωβίτ">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Vulgata_Clementina/Liber_Tobiae" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Vulgata Clementina/Liber Tobiae">Vulgata Clementina</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Tobit">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Tobit">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Tobit">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Tobit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Tobit">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewish_apocrypha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_Apocrypha" title="Template:Jewish Apocrypha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewish_Apocrypha" title="Template talk:Jewish Apocrypha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_Apocrypha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish Apocrypha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewish_apocrypha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish apocrypha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apocrypha in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Genesis Apocryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Qahat" title="Testament of Qahat">Testament of Qahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Amram" title="Visions of Amram">Visions of Amram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Enoch" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Enoch" title="2 Enoch">2 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Enoch" title="3 Enoch">3 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Twelve_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs">Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Testament of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Abraham" title="Apocalypse of Abraham">Apocalypse of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Moses" title="Assumption of Moses">Assumption of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_and_Aseneth" title="Joseph and Aseneth">Joseph and Aseneth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apocrypha in <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Isaiah" title="Ascension of Isaiah">Ascension of Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Baruch" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Baruch">1 Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Baruch" title="3 Baruch">3 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apocrypha in <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Book of Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Job" title="Testament of Job">Testament of Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_the_Book_of_Esther" class="mw-redirect" title="Additions to the Book of Esther">Additions to the Book of Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other apocrypha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Book of Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Book of Judith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Book of Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Aristeas" title="Letter of Aristeas">Letter of Aristeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Oracles" title="Sibylline Oracles">Sibylline Oracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Philo" title="Pseudo-Philo"> Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bible" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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