U.S. Senate: About Voting

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html class="">  <head> <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="object" content="voting.xml"> <meta name="version" content="4.0"> <meta name="path" content="/Company Home/Sites/senategov/documentLibrary/Senate.gov/about/powers-procedures"> <meta name="date" content="Monday, August 7, 2023"> <meta name="time" content="4:53:20 PM EDT"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="bucket" content="history"> <meta name="description" content=""> <title>U.S. Senate: About Voting</title> <link type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon" href="/resources/images/us_sen.ico"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/styles/boilerplate.css"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/styles/main.css"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/styles/nav_menu.css"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/styles/skdslider.css"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/fonts/gFonts.css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,300,600,700,300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/fonts/gFonts.css?family=Source+Serif+Pro:400,600,700"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/fonts/gFonts.css?family=Libre+Baskerville:400,400italic,700"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/fonts/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/styles/print.css"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/styles/content.css">  <script type="text/javascript"> function MM_goToURL() { //v3.0 var i, args=MM_goToURL.arguments; document.MM_returnValue = false; for (i=0; i<(args.length-1); i+=2) eval(args[i]+".location='"+args[i+1]+"'"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function MM_jumpMenu(targ,selObj,restore){ //v3.0 eval(targ+".location='"+selObj.options[selObj.selectedIndex].value+"'"); if (restore) selObj.selectedIndex=0; } </script><script src="/resources/scripts/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script><script src="/resources/scripts/skdslider.min.js"></script><script src="/resources/scripts/main.js"></script><script src="/resources/scripts/floor_status.js"></script> </head> <body onload="myFunction()"> <a href="#skip" class="offscreen">Skip Content</a> <header class="mobilehead clearfix"> <div id="top-header"> <CFPARAM NAME="URL.q" DEFAULT=""> <div id="find-sen" class="row"> <div id="flag" class="fluid "><img src="/resources/images/usFlag.png" alt="U.S. Flag" /></div> <div id="sen-dropdown-container" class="fluid "> <form name="findSenators" method="post"> <label for="findsenator" /> <select name="stateName" class="arrow" id="findsenator" onChange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)"> <option value="/states/">Find Your Senators</option> <option value="/states/AL/intro.htm">Alabama</option> <option value="/states/AK/intro.htm">Alaska</option> <option value="/states/AZ/intro.htm">Arizona</option> <option value="/states/AR/intro.htm">Arkansas</option> <option value="/states/CA/intro.htm">California</option> <option value="/states/CO/intro.htm">Colorado</option> <option value="/states/CT/intro.htm">Connecticut</option> <option value="/states/DE/intro.htm">Delaware</option> <option value="/states/FL/intro.htm">Florida</option> <option value="/states/GA/intro.htm">Georgia</option> <option value="/states/HI/intro.htm">Hawaii</option> <option value="/states/ID/intro.htm">Idaho</option> <option value="/states/IL/intro.htm">Illinois</option> <option value="/states/IN/intro.htm">Indiana</option> <option value="/states/IA/intro.htm">Iowa</option> <option value="/states/KS/intro.htm">Kansas</option> <option value="/states/KY/intro.htm">Kentucky</option> <option value="/states/LA/intro.htm">Louisiana</option> <option value="/states/ME/intro.htm">Maine</option> <option value="/states/MD/intro.htm">Maryland</option> <option value="/states/MA/intro.htm">Massachusetts</option> <option value="/states/MI/intro.htm">Michigan</option> <option value="/states/MN/intro.htm">Minnesota</option> <option value="/states/MS/intro.htm">Mississippi</option> <option value="/states/MO/intro.htm">Missouri</option> <option value="/states/MT/intro.htm">Montana</option> <option value="/states/NE/intro.htm">Nebraska</option> <option value="/states/NV/intro.htm">Nevada</option> <option value="/states/NH/intro.htm">New Hampshire</option> <option value="/states/NJ/intro.htm">New Jersey</option> <option value="/states/NM/intro.htm">New Mexico</option> <option value="/states/NY/intro.htm">New York</option> <option value="/states/NC/intro.htm">North Carolina</option> <option value="/states/ND/intro.htm">North Dakota</option> <option value="/states/OH/intro.htm">Ohio</option> <option value="/states/OK/intro.htm">Oklahoma</option> <option value="/states/OR/intro.htm">Oregon</option> <option value="/states/PA/intro.htm">Pennsylvania</option> <option value="/states/RI/intro.htm">Rhode Island</option> <option value="/states/SC/intro.htm">South Carolina</option> <option value="/states/SD/intro.htm">South Dakota</option> <option value="/states/TN/intro.htm">Tennessee</option> <option value="/states/TX/intro.htm">Texas</option> <option value="/states/UT/intro.htm">Utah</option> <option value="/states/VT/intro.htm">Vermont</option> <option value="/states/VA/intro.htm">Virginia</option> <option value="/states/WA/intro.htm">Washington</option> <option value="/states/WV/intro.htm">West Virginia</option> <option value="/states/WI/intro.htm">Wisconsin</option> <option value="/states/WY/intro.htm">Wyoming</option> </select> </form> </div> <div id="watch" class="fluid"> <div class="fluid watch_text"><span class="fa fa-video-camera"></span>  <a id="floorlink" target="_blank"><span id="contentdata"></span></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-header"> <div class="row"> <div id="logo"> <a href="/index.htm"><img src="/resources/images/senate_logo.png" alt="United States Senate Logo" border="0"/></a> </div> <div id="search-elements" class="fluid "> <form name="search" id="search" action="/general/search/search_central_solr-js.htm" method="GET"> <label for="search"><span class="fa fa-search" onClick="document.getElementById('search').submit();"></span></label> <input type="text" name="q" value="Search" id="search3" onfocus="this.value=''" />   </form>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav"> <div id="nav-head-bg"></div> <div class="row"> <nav id="main-nav" class="fluid "> <label for="drop" class="toggle">MENU<span class="fa fa-bars"></span></label><input type="checkbox" id="drop"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="senatorsmenu"> <label for="drop-1" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"></label><a href="/senators/index.htm"> <div>SENATORS</div> </a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-1"/> <ul class="senatorsmenusub"> <li><a href="/senators/senators-contact.htm">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/leadership.htm">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/former_senators.htm">Former Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/qualifications_termsofservice.htm">Qualifications & Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/facts_milestones.htm">Facts & Milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/states/statesmap.htm">States</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="committeesmenu"> <label for="drop-2" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"></label><a href="/committees/committees_home.htm"> <div>COMMITTEES</div> </a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-2"/> <ul class="committeesmenusub"> <li><a href="/committees/membership_assignments.htm">Membership & Assignments </a></li> <li><a href="/committees/hearings_meetings.htm">Hearings & Meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/committees/history.htm">History</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="legislationmenu"> <label for="drop-3" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"></label><a href="/legislative/legislative_home.htm"> <div>LEGISLATION & RECORDS</div> </a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-3"/> <ul class="legislationmenusub"> <li><a href="/legislative/bills_acts_laws.htm">Bills, Acts, & Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/nominations_new.htm">Nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/treaties_new.htm">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/votes_new.htm">Votes</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/floor_activity_pail.htm">Floor Proceedings</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/rules_procedure.htm">Rules & Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/landmark_legislation.htm">Landmark Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/sessions_of_congress.htm">Sessions of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/senate-archives/information-about-senate-archives.htm">Senate Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/lobbyingdisc.htm#lobbyingdisc=lda">Public Disclosure</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="artartifactsmenu"> <label for="drop-4" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"></label><a href="/art-artifacts/index.htm"> <div>ART & ARTIFACTS</div> </a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-4"/> <ul class="artartifactsmenusub"> <li><a href="/general/search/search-art-artifacts-solr-js.htm">Collection Search</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/fine-art-landing-page.htm">Fine Art</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/decorative-art-landing-page.htm">Decorative Art</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/historical-images-landing-page.htm">Historical Images</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/historical-artifacts-landing-page.htm">Historical Artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/thematic-collections-landing-page.htm">Thematic Collections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="aboutmenu"> <label for="drop-5" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"></label><a href="/about/index.htm" class="selected"> <div>ABOUT THE SENATE</div> </a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-5"/> <ul class="aboutmenusub"> <li> <label for="drop-44" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"> </label> <a class="drop-link" href="/about/officers-staff.htm">Officers & Staff</a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-44"/> <ul class="tertiary-menu"> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/vice-president.htm">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/president-pro-tempore.htm">President Pro Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/secretary-of-the-senate.htm">Secretary of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/sergeant-at-arms.htm">Sergeant at Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/party-secretaries.htm">Party Secretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/chaplain.htm">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/committee-office-staff.htm">Committee & Office Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff/pages.htm">Pages</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <label for="drop-45" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"> </label> <a class="drop-link" href="/about/powers-procedures.htm">Powers & Procedures</a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-45"/> <ul class="tertiary-menu"> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/censure.htm">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/declarations-of-war.htm">Declarations of War</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/expulsion.htm">Expulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/filibusters-cloture.htm">Filibuster & Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/impeachment.htm">Impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/investigations.htm">Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/nominations.htm">Nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/rules.htm">Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/treaties.htm">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures/voting.htm">Voting</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <label for="drop-46" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"> </label> <a class="drop-link" href="/about/origins-foundations.htm">Origins & Foundations</a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-46"/> <ul class="tertiary-menu"> <li><a href="/about/origins-foundations/senate-and-constitution.htm">The Senate & the Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/about/origins-foundations/electing-appointing-senators.htm">Electing & Appointing Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/about/origins-foundations/committee-system.htm">Committee System</a></li> <li><a href="/about/origins-foundations/idea-of-the-senate.htm">Idea of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/about/origins-foundations/parties-leadership.htm">Parties & Leadership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop-link" href="/about/traditions-symbols.htm">Traditions & Symbols</a></li> <li> <label for="drop-47" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"> </label> <a class="drop-link" href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces.htm">Historic Buildings & Spaces</a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-47"/> <ul class="tertiary-menu"> <li><a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/capitol.htm">The Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/senate-chamber.htm">Senate Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/historic-rooms.htm">Historic Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/office-buildings.htm">Senate Office Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/meeting-places.htm">Congressional Meeting Places</a></li> <li><a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/past-chambers.htm">Past Senate Chambers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop-link" href="/history/oralhistory.htm">Oral History Project</a></li> <li> <label for="drop-48" class="plus-minus mobile-plus"> </label> <a class="drop-link" href="/history/essays.htm">Historical Highlights</a> <input type="checkbox" id="drop-48"/> <ul class="tertiary-menu"> <li><a href="/history/1787.htm">1787-1800</a></li> <li><a href="/history/1801.htm">1801-1850</a></li> <li><a href="/history/1851.htm">1851-1877</a></li> <li><a href="/history/1878.htm">1878-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/history/1921.htm">1921-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/history/1941.htm">1941-1963</a></li> <li><a href="/history/1964.htm">1964-present</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="drop-link" href="/artandhistory/senate-stories/menu.htm">Senate Stories Blog</a></li> <li> <li><a class="drop-link" href="/about/research-tools.htm">Research Tools</a></li> <li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <div id="watch_mobile" class="fluid watch_text"><span class="fa fa-video-camera"></span>  <a id="floorlink_mobile" target="_blank"><span id="contentdata_mobile"></span></a></div> <main class="gridContainer clearfix"> <div id="secondary_col2" class="fluid"> <section class="fluid " id="about_header"> <h1>About Voting</h1> <div id="h1_action_icons" class="fluid"><a href="javascript:if(window.print)window.print()"><i class="fa fa-print"></i></a>  </div> <hr class="fluid"> </section>  <span tabindex="-1" id="skip"></span> <style> a.HistoryButton { display: inline-block; position:relative; top: 50%; background-color: #523044; color: #fff; width: 150px; border: 1px solid #fff; outline: none; text-decoration: none; height:50px; font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; padding:8px; float:left; display: flex; align-items: center; text-align: center; transition: background-color 0.2s ease-out, color 0.2s ease-out; } a.HistoryButton:hover, a.HistoryButton:active { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #523044; color: #523044; transition: background-color 0.3s ease-in, color 0.3s ease-in; } /***Desks site styles goes below here *******/ .desk-items { padding: 0 0 0 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; margin-top: 0; } .desk-items li { list-style-type: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #8080805e; padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 6px; color: #555; } .desk-items li.accordion::after { color: #777 !important; } .panel.show li { border: none; } .panel.show ul { margin-top: 0; } .desk-items li.panel.show { font-weight: normal; } .desk-items li.accordion.active { font-weight: bold; } .desk-items .accordion.active { border: none; } .desk-items li i.accordion-icon { float: right; margin-right: 6px; display: none; } .desk-items li.accordion.active i.accordion-icon { display: inline-block; } .desk-items-image-right { float: right; padding: 0 0 0 25px; cursor: pointer; } .desk-items-image-right { float: right; padding: 0 0 0 25px; cursor: pointer; } .desk-items li.panel a { color: #2F7FAA; display: contents; } @media all and (max-width : 769px) { .panel { padding:0 0 0 18px; background-color:#fff; display:none; } .panel.show { display:block!important; } } </style> <div width="100%"> <div style="float:left; padding-right:10px"> <a href="/artandhistory/history/common/image/RollCall_681866_14thAmendment.htm"><img src="/about/resources/graphics/cropped-150/RollCall_681866_14thAmendment.jpg" alt=""></a> </div> <div class="contenttext"> <top_text> <P>The Senate votes on bills, resolutions, motions, amendments, nominations, and treaties in a variety of ways. If one-fifth of a quorum of senators request it, the Senate will take a roll-call vote. In a roll-call vote, each senator votes “yea” or “nay” as his or her name is called by the clerk, who records the votes on a tally sheet. In most cases a simple majority is required for a measure to pass. In the case of a tie, the <a href="/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Vice_President.htm">vice president</a> may cast the <a href="/legislative/TieVotes.htm">tie-breaking vote</a>. In a few instances, the Constitution requires a two-thirds vote of the Senate, including: <a href="/about/powers-procedures/expulsion.htm">expelling</a> a senator; overriding a <a href="/legislative/vetoes/vetoCounts.htm">presidential veto</a>; proposing a constitutional amendment for ratification by the states; convicting an <a href="/about/powers-procedures/impeachment.htm">impeached</a> official; and consenting to ratification of a <a href="/about/powers-procedures/treaties.htm">treaty</a>. Under Senate debate rules, it takes a three-fifths majority of those duly chosen and sworn to invoke cloture and end debate on a piece of legislation. Senate rules also require a two-thirds vote to invoke cloture on a measure that would amend the Senate's rules though the measure itself requires only a simple majority vote for adoption.</P> <P>The Senate also conducts voice votes. In a voice vote the presiding officer states the question, then asks those in favor to say "yea" in unison and those against to say "nay." The presiding officer announces the results according to his or her best judgment. In a voice vote, the names of the senators and the tally of votes are not recorded.</P> <P>The least common vote in the Senate is a division (or standing) vote. If a senator is in doubt about the outcome of a voice vote, he or she may request a division, whereby the presiding officer counts the senators voting yea and those voting no, to confirm the voice vote. Division votes are also commonly used for votes on treaties.</P> <P>Finally, much of Senate business is conducted by unanimous consent, in which a measure passes so long as no senator objects.</P> <P>The outcome of Senate votes are printed in the <i><a href="/legislative/floor_activity_pail.htm#congressional-record">Congressional Record</a></i>. The Senate's roll-call votes from the <a href="/legislative/votes_new.htm">101st Congress to present are available online</a>.</P> </top_text> </div> <div style="clear:both; padding-top:10px"></div> <div align="center"> <div style="float:left;"> <a class="HistoryButton" href="/about/powers-procedures/senate-votes/resources.htm"><label style="padding-left:25%">Resources</label></a> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div style="padding-top:20px;" class="contenttext"> <bottom_text> For information on recent roll call votes go to <a href="/legislative/votes_new.htm">Legislation & Records</a> <br> Return to <a href="/about/powers-procedures.htm">Powers & Procedures.</a> </bottom_text> </div> </div>  </div> <div id="secondary_col1" class="fluid"> <!DOCTYPE noindex PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <noindex> <div class="fluid" id="about"> <ul> <li class="accordion"> <a href="/about/officers-staff.htm">Officers & Staff</a> </li> <li class="panel"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/vice-president.htm">Vice President</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/president-pro-tempore.htm">President Pro Tempore</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/secretary-of-the-senate.htm">Secretary of the Senate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/sergeant-at-arms.htm">Sergeant at Arms</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/party-secretaries.htm">Party Secretaries</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/chaplain.htm">Chaplain</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/committee-office-staff.htm">Committee & Office Staff</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/officers-staff/pages.htm">Pages</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="accordion active"> <a class="active" href="/about/powers-procedures.htm">Powers & Procedures</a> </li> <li class="panel show"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/censure.htm">Censure</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/declarations-of-war.htm">Declarations of War</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/expulsion.htm">Expulsion</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/filibusters-cloture.htm">Filibuster & Cloture</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/impeachment.htm">Impeachment</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/investigations.htm">Investigations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/nominations.htm">Nominations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/rules.htm">Rules</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/powers-procedures/treaties.htm">Treaties</a> </li> <li> <a class="active" href="/about/powers-procedures/voting.htm">Voting</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="accordion"> <a href="/about/origins-foundations.htm">Origins & Foundations</a> </li> <li class="panel"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/origins-foundations/senate-and-constitution.htm">The Senate & the Constitution</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/origins-foundations/electing-appointing-senators.htm">Electing & Appointing Senators</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/origins-foundations/committee-system.htm">Committee System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/origins-foundations/idea-of-the-senate.htm">Idea of the Senate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/origins-foundations/parties-leadership.htm">Parties & Leadership</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="accordion-nochild"> <a href="/about/traditions-symbols.htm">Traditions & Symbols</a> </li> <li class="accordion"> <a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces.htm">Historic Buildings & Spaces</a> </li> <li class="panel"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/capitol.htm">The Capitol</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/senate-chamber.htm">Senate Chamber</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/historic-rooms.htm">Historic Rooms</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/office-buildings.htm">Senate Office Buildings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/meeting-places.htm">Congressional Meeting Places</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces/past-chambers.htm">Past Senate Chambers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="accordion-nochild"> <a href="/history/oralhistory.htm">Oral History Project</a> </li> <li class="accordion"> <a href="/history/essays.htm">Historical Highlights</a> </li> <li class="panel"> <ul> <li> <a href="/history/1787.htm">1787-1800</a> </li> <li> <a href="/history/1801.htm">1801-1850</a> </li> <li> <a href="/history/1851.htm">1851-1877</a> </li> <li> <a href="/history/1878.htm">1878-1920</a> </li> <li> <a href="/history/1921.htm">1921-1940</a> </li> <li> <a href="/history/1941.htm">1941-1963</a> </li> <li> <a href="/history/1964.htm">1964-present</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="accordion-nochild"> <a href="/artandhistory/senate-stories/menu.htm">Senate Stories Blog</a> </li> <li class="accordion-nochild"> <a href="/about/research-tools.htm">Research Tools</a> </li> </ul> </div> </noindex>  <aside class="fluid sidebar_link_container"> <div class="fluid content_column_container"> <h3>Senate Historical Office </h3> <span style="padding-top:5px" class="teasertext"> <P> Information provided by the <A href="/history/senate-historical-office.htm">Senate Historical Office</A>. </P> <P> Questions about Senate History?<br> <A href="mailto:historian@sec.senate.gov">Email a Senate historian</A>.<br> </P> </span> </div> </aside> <br>  </div> <div id="social_background_white" class="fluid "> <div id="logo_social_footer_center" class="fluid "> <div id="footer_logo" class="fluid "><a href="/index.htm"><img src="/resources/images/senate_logo_footer.png" alt="Senate Logo"/></a></div> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="footer" class="fluid gridContainer clearfix"> <div id="footer_menu_center"> <div id="footer_menu_senators" > <h3><a href="/senators/contact/">SENATORS</a></h3> <ul class="fluid fluidList footer_links"> <li><a href="/senators/senators-contact.htm">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/leadership.htm">Leadership & Officers</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/former_senators.htm">Former Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/qualifications_termsofservice.htm">Qualifications & Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href="/senators/facts_milestones.htm">Facts & Milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/states/statesmap.htm">States</a></li> </ul> <div id="footer_menu_committees" > <h3 style="padding-top: 75px;"><a href="/committees/committees_home.htm">COMMITTEES</a></h3> <ul class="fluid fluidList footer_links"> <li><a href="/committees/membership_assignments.htm">Membership & Assignments</a></li> <li><a href="/committees/hearings_meetings.htm">Hearings & Meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/committees/history.htm">History</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div id="footer_menu_legislation" > <h3><a href="/legislative/legislative_home.htm">LEGISLATION & <br> RECORDS</a></h3> <ul class="fluid fluidList footer_links"> <li><a href="/legislative/bills_acts_laws.htm">Bills, Acts, & Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/nominations_new.htm">Nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/treaties_new.htm">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/votes_new.htm">Votes</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/floor_activity_pail.htm">Floor Proceedings</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/rules_procedure.htm">Rules & Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/landmark_legislation.htm">Landmark Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/sessions_of_congress.htm">Sessions of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/senate-archives/information-about-senate-archives.htm">Senate Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/legislative/lobbyingdisc.htm#lobbyingdisc=lda">Public Disclosure</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="footer_menu_artartifacts" > <h3><a href="/art-artifacts/index.htm">ART & ARTIFACTS</a></h3> <ul class="fluid fluidList footer_links"> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/fine-art-landing-page.htm">Fine Art</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/decorative-art-landing-page.htm">Decorative Art</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/historical-images-landing-page.htm">Historical Images</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/historical-artifacts-landing-page.htm">Historical Artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/art-artifacts/thematic-collections-landing-page.htm">Thematic Collections</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="footer_menu_about" > <h3><a href="/about/index.htm">ABOUT THE SENATE</a></h3> <ul class="fluid fluidList footer_links"> <li><a href="/about/officers-staff.htm">Officers & Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/about/powers-procedures.htm">Powers & Procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/about/origins-foundations.htm">Origins & Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/about/traditions-symbols.htm">Traditions & Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/about/historic-buildings-spaces.htm">Historic Buildings & Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/history/oralhistory.htm">Oral History Project</a></li> <li><a href="/history/essays.htm">Historical Highlights</a></li> <li><a href="/artandhistory/senate-stories/menu.htm">Senate Stories Blog</a></li> <li><a href="/about/research-tools.htm">Research Tools</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div id="footer_legal" class="fluid " > <p> <a href="/general/contacting.htm">Contact</a>   |   <a href="/general/content_responsibility.htm">Content Responsibility</a>   |   <a href="/usage/internetpolicy.htm">Usage Policy</a>   |   <a href="/general/privacy.htm">Privacy Policy</a>   |   <a href="/visiting/employment.htm">Employment & Internships</a>   |   <a href="/visiting/procurement.htm">Procurement</a>   |   <a href="/index.htm">www.senate.gov</a> </p> </div> </footer> <script src="https://assets.adobedtm.com/566dc2d26e4f/843d2f589d53/launch-01bbfeb2a9a5.min.js" async></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

U.S. Senate: About Voting