CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Schouder - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"a7394ff2-5d45-40d4-a480-49b23a239452","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Schouder","wgTitle":"Schouder","wgCurRevisionId":67395388,"wgRevisionId":67395388,"wgArticleId":155005,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Arm","Extern zichtbaar lichaamsdeel","Gewricht","Schoudergordel"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Schouder","wgRelevantArticleId":155005,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16363","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="816"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="544"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg/640px-%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="435"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Schouder - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schouder"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schouder"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Schouder rootpage-Schouder skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/25_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Schouder" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Schouder" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Schouder" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Schouder" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anatomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anatomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Anatomie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gewricht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gewricht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gewricht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gewricht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gewrichtskapsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gewrichtskapsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Gewrichtskapsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gewrichtskapsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spieren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spieren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Spieren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spieren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rotatorenmanchet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotatorenmanchet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Rotatorenmanchet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotatorenmanchet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musculus_biceps_brachii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musculus_biceps_brachii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Musculus biceps brachii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musculus_biceps_brachii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musculus_deltoideus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musculus_deltoideus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Musculus deltoideus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musculus_deltoideus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musculus_trapezius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musculus_trapezius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Musculus trapezius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musculus_trapezius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Functionele_Anatomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functionele_Anatomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Functionele Anatomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functionele_Anatomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Functionele Anatomie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functionele_Anatomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articulatio_glenohumeralis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articulatio_glenohumeralis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Articulatio glenohumeralis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articulatio_glenohumeralis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schouderblad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schouderblad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Schouderblad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schouderblad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sleutelbeen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleutelbeen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sleutelbeen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleutelbeen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pathologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pathologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pathologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pathologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuurverwijzingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuurverwijzingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatuurverwijzingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuurverwijzingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Schouder</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 111 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huembro" title="Huembro – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Huembro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%81" title="كتف – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AC%DC%A6%DC%90" title="ܟܬܦܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܬܦܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costazu" title="Costazu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Costazu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taru" title="Taru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Taru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87iyin" title="Çiyin – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çiyin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet%C4%93" title="Petē – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Petē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaga" title="Abaga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abaga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu" title="Bahu – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bahu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Рамо – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рамо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu" title="Bahu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bahu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="དཔུང་པ། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དཔུང་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoaz" title="Skoaz – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skoaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rame" title="Rame – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rame" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espatlla" title="Espatlla – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espatlla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C4%95ng-t%C3%A0u" title="Giĕng-tàu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giĕng-tàu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شان – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Хул – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хул" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgwydd" title="Ysgwydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ysgwydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skulder" title="Skulder – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skulder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%94%C9%A3u" title="Bɔɣu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Bɔɣu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulter" title="Schulter – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schulter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C5%9F" title="Doş – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Doş" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%82%DE%91%DE%AA" title="ކޮނޑު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކޮނޑު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ώμος – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ώμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A0la" title="Spàla – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Spàla" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shoulder" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cultro" title="Ŝultro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝultro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hombro" title="Hombro – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hombro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbalda" title="Sorbalda – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sorbalda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_(%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="شانه (بدن) – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شانه (بدن)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olkap%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Olkapää – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Olkapää" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89paule" title="Épaule – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Épaule" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skouder" title="Skouder – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skouder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualainn" title="Gualainn – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gualainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A9" title="肩 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="肩" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualann" title="Gualann – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gualann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombreiro" title="Ombreiro – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ombreiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati%27y" title="Ati'y – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ati'y" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%AAn-th%C3%A8u" title="Kiên-thèu – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiên-thèu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A3" title="כתף – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="कंधा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंधा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rame" title="Rame – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rame" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zep%C3%B2l" title="Zepòl – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zepòl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berang" title="Berang – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Berang" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu" title="Bahu – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tui" title="Tui – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tui" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shultro" title="Shultro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Shultro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96xl" title="Öxl – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Öxl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalla" title="Spalla – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spalla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A9" title="肩 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="肩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pundhak" title="Pundhak – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pundhak" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3il" title="Iɣil – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iɣil" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9C" title="ಭುಜ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭುಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EA%B9%A8" title="어깨 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어깨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umerus" title="Umerus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Umerus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spala" title="Spala – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Spala" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C9%9Bk%C9%9B" title="Libɛkɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libɛkɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petys" title="Petys – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Petys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plecs" title="Plecs – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Plecs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D1%83" title="Лафту – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лафту" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soroka" title="Soroka – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Soroka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Рамо – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рамо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="खांदा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खांदा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahu" title="Bahu – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Лавтов – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лавтов" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahcolli" title="Ahcolli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ahcolli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoere" title="Schoere – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Schoere" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A7" title="काँध – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="काँध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83" title="ब्वहः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ब्वहः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisi" title="Alisi – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Alisi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skulder" title="Skulder – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skulder" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skulder" title="Skulder – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skulder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espatla" title="Espatla – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espatla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abala" title="Abala – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Abala" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulter" title="Schulter – Pennsylvania-Duits" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schulter" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania-Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%DA%88%DA%BE%D8%A7" title="موڈھا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موڈھا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombro" title="Ombro – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ombro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikra" title="Rikra – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikra" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C4%83r" title="Umăr – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Umăr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anumiru" title="Anumiru – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Anumiru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE_(%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Плечо (часть тела) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плечо (часть тела)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="स्कन्दः – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्कन्दः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Окумал – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Окумал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱛᱟᱨᱮᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱨᱮᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadda" title="Spadda – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Spadda" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shouder" title="Shouder – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shouder" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rame" title="Rame – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rame" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shoulder" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama" title="Rama – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rama" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Раме – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Раме" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skowru" title="Skowru – Sranantongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Skowru" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranantongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_(kroppsdel)" title="Axel (kroppsdel) – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Axel (kroppsdel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bega" title="Bega – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bega" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="భుజము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భుజము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88" title="ไหล่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไหล่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balikat" title="Balikat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balikat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omuz" title="Omuz – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Omuz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="دولا – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دولا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Плече – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плече" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7" title="کندھا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کندھا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelka" title="Yelka – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yelka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai" title="Vai – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoere" title="Schoere – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Schoere" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugb%C3%B3ng" title="Sugbóng – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sugbóng" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A9%E8%83%9B" title="肩胛 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肩胛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9C" title="אקסל – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אקסל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbaq" title="Mbaq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Mbaq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%A9" title="肩 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keng-th%C3%A2u" title="Keng-thâu – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Keng-thâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%86%8A%E9%A0%AD" title="膊頭 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="膊頭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16363#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Schouder" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Schouder&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Schouder"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Schouder"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Schouder" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Schouder" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&oldid=67395388" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Schouder&id=67395388&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSchouder"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSchouder"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Schouder"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Schouder&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoulders" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16363" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg/260px-%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg/390px-%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg/520px-%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Schouder van een antiek beeld in het <a href="/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie">archeologisch</a> <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a> te <a href="/wiki/Napels_(stad)" title="Napels (stad)">Napels</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>schouder</b> is bij <a href="/wiki/Gewervelden" title="Gewervelden">gewervelden</a> een stukje van het bovenste gedeelte van de <a href="/wiki/Romp_(anatomie)" title="Romp (anatomie)">romp</a>, rondom het schoudergewricht. In de <a href="/wiki/Menselijke_anatomie" title="Menselijke anatomie">menselijke anatomie</a> is dit het gedeelte van het lichaam tussen de <a href="/wiki/Hals_(anatomie)" title="Hals (anatomie)">hals</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Opperarmbeen" title="Opperarmbeen">bovenarm</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomie">Anatomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Anatomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Anatomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gewricht">Gewricht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gewricht" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gewricht"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gray328.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray328.png/260px-Gray328.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Gray328.png 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>De gewrichtskom van de schouder van lateraal bekeken. Deze gewrichtskom is een uitsparing in het schouderblad. Rondom deze kom is het labrum gelegen (niet aangeduid).</figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>schoudergewricht</b><sup id="cite_ref-Raven1959_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raven1959-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coëlho1965_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coëlho1965-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <b>articulatio humeri</b><sup id="cite_ref-FCAT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCAT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -ook wel <i>glenohumerale gewricht</i> of <i>articulatio glenohumeralis</i> genaamd- vormt de verbinding tussen de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opperarm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opperarm (de pagina bestaat niet)">bovenarm</a> en de romp. Het gewricht bestaat uit de kop van de bovenarm (<i>lat.: caput humeri</i>) die in een komvormige uitsparing van het <a href="/wiki/Schouderblad" title="Schouderblad">schouderblad</a> (<i>lat.: scapula</i>) rust. Deze gewrichtskom wordt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitas_glenoidalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavitas glenoidalis (de pagina bestaat niet)">cavitas glenoidalis</a> (of fossa glenoidalis) genoemd. </p><p>Het valt op dat de kop van de bovenarm veel groter is dan de kleine gewrichtskom. De schouder heeft de vorm en de functie van een <a href="/wiki/Kogelgewricht" title="Kogelgewricht">kogelgewricht</a>. Er kan daarom om drie verschillende draaiassen worden bewogen. De bewegingsmogelijkheden van de bovenarm worden vergroot dankzij de <a href="/wiki/Schoudergordel" title="Schoudergordel">schoudergordel</a>, die wordt gevormd door het schouderblad en het sleutelbeen (<i>lat.: <a href="/wiki/Sleutelbeen" title="Sleutelbeen">clavicula</a></i>). De schoudergordel rust via het gewricht tussen het sleutelbeen en het borstbeen (<i>lat.: <a href="/wiki/Borstbeen" title="Borstbeen">sternum</a></i>) op de thorax. Deze grote beweeglijkheid in het gewricht gaat echter ten koste van de gewrichtsstabiliteit. <a href="/wiki/Schouderluxatie" title="Schouderluxatie">Schouderluxaties</a> (<i>uit de kom</i>) komen dan ook frequent voor. De frequentste luxatie is een luxatie naar voren omdat het gewricht met name aan de voorzijde nauwelijks door gewrichtsbanden wordt ondersteund. De kom wordt daarom enigszins vergroot door de aanwezigheid van een <a href="/wiki/Kraakbeen" title="Kraakbeen">kraakbeenring</a> ("labrum articulare") om de gewrichtsholte. De pees van de lange kop van de musculus biceps versmelt bovenaan met dit labrum. </p><p>De belangrijkste factor die ertoe bijdraagt dat kop en kom bij elkaar blijven is in dit gewricht het zogenaamde "spier-peesmanchet" of "<a href="/wiki/Rotatorcuffspieren" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotatorcuffspieren">rotatorcuffspieren</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gewrichtskapsel">Gewrichtskapsel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gewrichtskapsel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gewrichtskapsel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gray327.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray327.png/260px-Gray327.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray327.png/390px-Gray327.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray327.png/520px-Gray327.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Gewrichtskapsel van het schoudergewricht. Binnen in dit kapsel bevindt zich het synoviaal membraan. Net erbuiten (niet aangeduid) verstevigen de pezen van de <a href="/wiki/Rotatorenmanchet" title="Rotatorenmanchet">rotatorenmanchet</a> dit gewrichtskapsel. Deze pezen vergroten de gewrichtsstabiliteit.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gray326.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray326.png/260px-Gray326.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray326.png/390px-Gray326.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray326.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Gewrichtskapsel van het schoudergewricht. De individuele ligamenten die dit kapsel verstevigen zijn zichtbaar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Het kapsel van het schoudergewricht hecht aan de rand van de gewrichtskom (cavitas glenoides) aan. Het gewrichtskapsel bestaat uit <a href="/wiki/Bindweefsel" title="Bindweefsel">bindweefsel</a>. De aanhechting van het kapsel aan het schouderblad gebeurt aan de buitenzijde van het labrum. Het labrum is dus binnen in het kapsel gelegen. De aanhechting aan het <a href="/wiki/Opperarmbeen" title="Opperarmbeen">opperarmbeen</a> gebeurt ter hoogte van de anatomische nek. </p><p>Het gewrichtskapsel is op enkele plaatsen verdikt door middel van <a href="/wiki/Ligament_(anatomie)" title="Ligament (anatomie)">ligamenten</a> (bindweefselbanden). De aanhechting van deze ligamenten aan de opperarm gebeurt aan beide tubercula (minus en majus). Beiden zijn verdikkingen op het opperarmbeen. </p> <ul><li>het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligamentum_coracohumerale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligamentum coracohumerale (de pagina bestaat niet)">ligamentum coracohumerale</a>: tussen de basis van de <a href="/wiki/Processus_coracoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Processus coracoides">processus coracoides</a> van het schouderblad en het <a href="/wiki/Tuberculum_majus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuberculum majus">tuberculum majus</a> van de opperarm;</li> <li>het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligamentum_glenohumerale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligamentum glenohumerale (de pagina bestaat niet)">ligamentum glenohumerale</a>: met een bovenste, <a href="/wiki/Mediaal" title="Mediaal">mediaal</a> en onderste deel. Verloopt tussen het bovenste deel van de gewrichtskom en het <a href="/wiki/Opperarmbeen#Het_tuberculum_minu" title="Opperarmbeen">tuberculum minus humeri</a>;</li> <li>het <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_transversum_humeri" title="Ligamentum transversum humeri">ligamentum transversum humeri</a>: is geheel gelegen op de opperarm. Het vormt de verbinding tussen het tuberculum minus en het tuberculum majus van het opperarmbeen. Onder dit ligament, doorheen de groeve gevormd door beide tubercula, verloopt de pees van de lange kop van de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_biceps_brachii" title="Musculus biceps brachii">musculus biceps brachii</a>.</li></ul> <p>De aanhechting van het gewrichtskapsel aan de humerus ligt hoger aan de laterale zijde dan aan de mediale zijde. Wanneer de arm naast het lichaam gehouden wordt is een zakvormige uitsparing in dit kapsel zichtbaar. Dit kapsel zorgt ervoor dat de arm zijwaarts van het lichaam bewogen kan worden. </p><p>Net buiten het kapsel zijn de pezen van de <a href="/wiki/Rotatorenmanchet" title="Rotatorenmanchet">rotatorenmanchet</a> gelegen die voor de stabilisatie van het gewricht zorgen. Deze pezen onderhouden een nauwe relatie met het kapsel. Aan de binnenzijde van het kapsel bevindt zich de synoviale membraan. Op bepaalde plaatsen vertoont het kapsel kleine openingen. Doorheen deze openingen dringt de synoviale membraan en vormt slijmbeurzen (<i>lat: bursae</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spieren">Spieren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spieren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spieren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sommige van de <a href="/wiki/Spieren" class="mw-redirect" title="Spieren">spieren</a> van het schoudergewricht zijn belangrijk voor de schouderstabiliteit: </p> <ul><li>de rotatorenmanchet</li> <li>de lange kop van de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_biceps_brachii" title="Musculus biceps brachii">musculus biceps brachii</a></li></ul> <p>De andere spieren dragen bij aan de beweeglijkheid van de arm, en de botten die het schoudergewricht uitmaken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rotatorenmanchet">Rotatorenmanchet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Rotatorenmanchet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rotatorenmanchet"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Spieren" class="mw-redirect" title="Spieren">spieren</a> van de zogeheten <a href="/wiki/Rotatorenmanchet" title="Rotatorenmanchet">rotatorenmanchet</a> (of <i>rotator cuff</i>) houden de kop van de bovenarm in de gewrichtskom van het schouderblad en trekken het gewrichtskapsel strak. De <a href="/wiki/Pees_(anatomie)" title="Pees (anatomie)">pezen</a> van de rotatorenmanchet vormen immers een nauwe verbinding met het gewrichtskapsel. De rotatorenmachet bestaat uit: </p> <ul><li>de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_subscapularis" title="Musculus subscapularis">musculus subscapularis</a>;</li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_infraspinatus" title="Musculus infraspinatus">musculus infraspinatus</a>;</li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_supraspinatus" title="Musculus supraspinatus">musculus supraspinatus</a>;</li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_teres_minor" title="Musculus teres minor">musculus teres minor</a>.</li></ul> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Origo" title="Origo">origo</a> van deze spieren zijn verscheidene randen van het schouderblad. Enkel de musculus subscapularis verloopt aan de voorzijde van het schouderblad en hecht aan het <a href="/wiki/Opperarmbeen#Het_tuberculum_minus" title="Opperarmbeen">tuberculum minus</a> van het opperarmbeen. De andere drie spieren van de rotatorenmanchet verlopen langs de ruggezijde. De <a href="/wiki/Insertie_(spier)" title="Insertie (spier)">insertie</a> van deze spieren geschiedt aan het <a href="/wiki/Tuberculum_majus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuberculum majus">tuberculum majus</a> van het opperarmbeen. In volgorde van boven naar beneden: de musculus supraspinatus, de musculus infraspinatus, de musculus teres minor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musculus_biceps_brachii">Musculus biceps brachii</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Musculus biceps brachii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Musculus biceps brachii"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Musculus_biceps_brachii" title="Musculus biceps brachii">musculus biceps brachii</a> is geen lid van de rotatorenmanchet, maar draagt (ten dele) wel bij aan de schouderstabiliteit. De spier bestaat uit twee koppen: een korte (caput breve) en een lange (caput longum). De korte kop hecht aan de <a href="/wiki/Processus_coracoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Processus coracoides">processus coracoides</a> van het schouderblad aan, en draagt in tegenstelling tot de lange kop niet bij tot de schouderstabiliteit. De pees van de lange kop verloopt immers net boven aan het schoudergewricht en beperkt hierdoor de bovenwaartse beweging van de humeruskop in de gewrichtsholte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musculus_deltoideus">Musculus deltoideus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Musculus deltoideus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Musculus deltoideus"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gray410.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray410.png/260px-Gray410.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray410.png/390px-Gray410.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray410.png/520px-Gray410.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>De <a href="/wiki/Musculus_deltoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculus deltoides">musculus deltoides</a> maakt de contour uit van de schouder en het bovenste deel van de opperarm. Op het plaatje is de aanhechting aan het laterale deel van het <a href="/wiki/Sleutelbeen" title="Sleutelbeen">sleutelbeen</a> zichtbaar.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Musculus_deltoideus" title="Musculus deltoideus">musculus deltoideus</a> vormt de meest oppervlakkige spierlaag van het schoudergewricht en draagt dus bij tot de contour van het schoudergewricht en het bovenste deel van de bovenarm. Deze spier ligt boven op alle andere structuren. De musculus deltoides zorgt voornamelijk voor het zijwaarts bewegen van de arm (<a href="/wiki/Abductie_(anatomie)" title="Abductie (anatomie)">abductie</a>). De eerste 15° van deze abductiebeweging komt echter voornamelijk door de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_supraspinatus" title="Musculus supraspinatus">musculus supraspinatus</a> (een lid van de rotatorenmanchet) tot stand. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Origo" title="Origo">origo</a> van deze spier is de onderrand van de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spina_scapulae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spina scapulae (de pagina bestaat niet)">spina scapulae</a>, de laterale rand van het <a href="/wiki/Acromion" title="Acromion">acromion</a> en het laterale deel van het <a href="/wiki/Sleutelbeen" title="Sleutelbeen">sleutelbeen</a>. Deze spina scapulae is een richel die aan de achterzijde van het schouderblad voelbaar is. De <a href="/wiki/Insertie_(spier)" title="Insertie (spier)">insertie</a> van de musculus deltoides is het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuberculum_deltoidicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuberculum deltoidicum (de pagina bestaat niet)">tuberculum deltoidicum</a>; een verruwing van het opperarmbeen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musculus_trapezius">Musculus trapezius</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Musculus trapezius" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Musculus trapezius"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gray409.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gray409.png/260px-Gray409.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gray409.png/390px-Gray409.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gray409.png/520px-Gray409.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>De musculus trapezius ontspringt aan de onderzijde van de schedel, het <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_nuchae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligamentum nuchae">ligamentum nuchae</a> en de uitsteeksels van de wervels C7 tot en met T12. Op dit plaatje is de aanhechting aan het <a href="/wiki/Acromion" title="Acromion">acromion</a> en de bovenzijde van de spina scapulae zichtbaar.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Musculus_trapezius" title="Musculus trapezius">musculus trapezius</a> maakt eveneens deel uit van de oppervlakkige spierlaag van de schouder. Deze spier ontspringt aan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linea_nuchae_superior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linea nuchae superior (de pagina bestaat niet)">linea nuchae superior</a> (bindweefsel aan de onderzijde van de <a href="/wiki/Schedel" title="Schedel">schedel</a>), het <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_nuchae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligamentum nuchae">ligamentum nuchae</a> en de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Processus_spinosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Processus spinosus (de pagina bestaat niet)">processus spinosi</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Wervel_(anatomie)" title="Wervel (anatomie)">wervels</a> C7 tot en met T12. De musculus trapezius hecht aan de bovenrand van de spina scapulae, het <a href="/wiki/Acromion" title="Acromion">acromion</a> en het laterale deel van het <a href="/wiki/Sleutelbeen" title="Sleutelbeen">sleutelbeen</a> aan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functionele_Anatomie">Functionele Anatomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Functionele Anatomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Functionele Anatomie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articulatio_glenohumeralis">Articulatio glenohumeralis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Articulatio glenohumeralis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Articulatio glenohumeralis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De kop van het <a href="/wiki/Opperarmbeen" title="Opperarmbeen">opperarmbeen</a> is groter dan de gewrichtsholte in het <a href="/wiki/Schouderblad" title="Schouderblad">schouderblad</a>. Dit staat de arm toe in vele richtingen grote bewegingsuitslagen te maken. Deze toegenomen beweeglijkheid gaat echter ten koste van de stabiliteit van het gewricht. Volgende bewegingen van de bovenarm worden onderscheiden: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Beweging </th> <th>Beschrijving </th> <th>Spieren </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Endorotatie" title="Endorotatie">endorotatie</a> </td> <td>De handpalmen worden vanuit de <a href="/wiki/Anatomische_vaktermen_van_positie" title="Anatomische vaktermen van positie">anatomische houding</a>, met de handpalmen naar voren, naar binnen gedraaid, en verder. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_pectoralis_major" title="Musculus pectoralis major">musculus pectoralis major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_subscapularis" title="Musculus subscapularis">musculus subscapularis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_latissimus_dorsi" title="Musculus latissimus dorsi">musculus latissimus dorsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_teres_major" title="Musculus teres major">musculus teres major</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Exorotatie" title="Exorotatie">exorotatie</a> </td> <td>De handpalmen worden vanuit de anatomische houding, handpalmen naar voren, naar buiten gedraaid. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_supraspinatus" title="Musculus supraspinatus">musculus supraspinatus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_infraspinatus" title="Musculus infraspinatus">musculus infraspinatus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_teres_minor" title="Musculus teres minor">musculus teres minor</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Abductie_(anatomie)" title="Abductie (anatomie)">abductie</a> </td> <td>De arm wordt zijwaarts van het lichaam weggeheven. </td> <td>eerste 15°: musculus supraspinatus; <a href="/wiki/Musculus_deltoideus" title="Musculus deltoideus">musculus deltoideus</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Adductie" title="Adductie">adductie</a> </td> <td>De arm wordt tegen het lichaam gebracht en verder langs de voorzijde van de borst omhoog getrokken. </td> <td>musculus pectoralis major, musculus latissimus dorsi </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Anteflexie" title="Anteflexie">anteflexie</a> </td> <td>De arm wordt naar voren uitgestrekt. </td> <td>musculus deltoideus, musculus pectoralis major, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_coracobrachialis" title="Musculus coracobrachialis">musculus coracobrachialis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_biceps_brachii" title="Musculus biceps brachii">musculus biceps brachii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_biceps_femoris" title="Musculus biceps femoris">caput longum</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflexie" title="Retroflexie">retroflexie</a> </td> <td>De arm wordt naar achteren uitgestrekt. </td> <td>musculus deltoides, musculus teres major, musculus latissimus dorsi </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schouderblad">Schouderblad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Schouderblad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Schouderblad"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het schouderblad vormt samen met de onderliggende ribben een functioneel gewricht; het scapulothoracale gewricht (<i>lat.: articulus scapulothoracicus</i>). Volgende bewegingen kunnen gemaakt worden in dit gewricht: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Beweging </th> <th>Beschrijving </th> <th>Spieren </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Elevatie_(anatomie)" title="Elevatie (anatomie)">Elevatie</a> </td> <td>Ook craniaalwaartse translatie genoemd. De scapula wordt over de thoraxwand naar boven getrokken. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_levator_scapulae" title="Musculus levator scapulae">musculus levator scapulae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_trapezius" title="Musculus trapezius">musculus trapezius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Depressie_(anatomie)" title="Depressie (anatomie)">Depressie/Detractie</a> </td> <td>Ook caudaalwaartse translatie genoemd. De scapula wordt over de thoraxwand naar beneden getrokken. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_pectoralis_minor" title="Musculus pectoralis minor">musculus pectoralis minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_pectoralis_major" title="Musculus pectoralis major">musculus pectoralis major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_levator_scapulae" title="Musculus levator scapulae">musculus levator scapulae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_trapezius" title="Musculus trapezius">musculus trapezius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Exorotatie" title="Exorotatie">Exorotatie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Laterorotatie" title="Laterorotatie">Laterorotatie</a> </td> <td>Ook lateraalwaartse translatie genoemd. De onderste scapulahoek beweegt naar lateraal. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_serratus_anterior" title="Musculus serratus anterior">musculus serratus anterior</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Endorotatie" title="Endorotatie">Endorotatie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mediorotatie" title="Mediorotatie">Mediorotatie</a> </td> <td>Ook mediaalwaartse translatie genoemd. De onderste scapulapunt beweegt naar mediaal. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_rhomboides_minor" title="Musculus rhomboides minor">musculus rhomboides minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_rhomboides_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculus rhomboides major">musculus rhomboides major</a> <a href="/wiki/Musculus_levator_scapulae" title="Musculus levator scapulae">musculus levator scapulae</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Protractie" title="Protractie">Protractie</a> </td> <td>Het schouderblad wordt naar de thoraxwand (naar <a href="/wiki/Ventraal" title="Ventraal">ventraal</a>) toe getrokken. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_serratus_anterior" title="Musculus serratus anterior">musculus serratus anterior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_pectoralis_minor" title="Musculus pectoralis minor">musculus pectoralis minor</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Retractie" title="Retractie">Retractie</a> </td> <td>Het schouderblad wordt van de thoraxwand (naar <a href="/wiki/Dorsaal" title="Dorsaal">dorsaal</a>) weg getrokken. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_trapezius" title="Musculus trapezius">musculus trapezius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_latissimus_dorsi" title="Musculus latissimus dorsi">musculus latissimus dorsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_rhomboides_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculus rhomboides major">musculus rhomboides major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musculus_rhomboides_minor" title="Musculus rhomboides minor">musculus rhomboides minor</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sleutelbeen">Sleutelbeen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sleutelbeen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sleutelbeen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De bewegingen in het sleutelbeen (<i>lat: clavicula</i>) gebeuren in twee gewrichten: enerzijds het gewricht tussen het borstbeen (<i>lat: sternum</i>) en het sleutelbeen en anderzijds het gewricht tussen het <a href="/wiki/Acromion" title="Acromion">acromion</a> van het schouderblad en het sleutelbeen. De bewegingen zijn <a href="/wiki/Elevatie_(anatomie)" title="Elevatie (anatomie)">elevatie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depressie_(anatomie)" title="Depressie (anatomie)">depressie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protractie" title="Protractie">protractie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Retractie" title="Retractie">retractie</a>. Daarnaast kan het sleutelbeen nog om zijn lengte-as draaien. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Beweging </th> <th>Beschrijving </th> <th>Spieren </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Elevatie_(anatomie)" title="Elevatie (anatomie)">Elevatie</a> </td> <td>De laterale claviculapunt wordt naar boven (<a href="/wiki/Craniaal" title="Craniaal">craniaal</a>) getrokken. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Musculus_trapezius" title="Musculus trapezius">musculus trapezius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Depressie_(anatomie)" title="Depressie (anatomie)">Depressie</a> </td> <td>De laterale claviculapunt wordt naar beneden (<a href="/wiki/Caudaal" title="Caudaal">caudaal</a>) getrokken. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Protractie" title="Protractie">Protractie</a> </td> <td>De laterale claviculapunt wordt naar voren (<a href="/wiki/Ventraal" title="Ventraal">ventraal</a>) getrokken. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Retractie" title="Retractie">Retractie</a> </td> <td>De laterale claviculapunt wordt naar achteren (<a href="/wiki/Dorsaal" title="Dorsaal">dorsaal</a>) getrokken. </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Verder zorgt de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_subclavius" title="Musculus subclavius">musculus subclavius</a> ervoor dat het sleutelbeen tegen het borstbeen gefixeerd wordt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathologie">Pathologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Pathologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Pathologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bursitis_subacromialis" title="Bursitis subacromialis">Bursitis subacromialis</a> of slijmbeursontsteking van de schouder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendinitis_calcarea" title="Tendinitis calcarea">Tendinitis calcarea</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Peesontsteking" title="Peesontsteking">peesontsteking</a> veroorzaakt door kalk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impingementsyndroom" title="Impingementsyndroom">Impingementsyndroom</a>: Bij dit syndroom treedt inknelling op van de <a href="/wiki/Pees_(anatomie)" title="Pees (anatomie)">pees</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Musculus_supraspinatus" title="Musculus supraspinatus">musculus supraspinatus</a> onder het schouderdak.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhesieve_capsulitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhesieve capsulitis">Adhesieve capsulitis</a> (<i>eng.: frozen shoulder</i>): Hierbij treedt pijn en immobilisatie op door een ontsteking van het gewrichtskapsel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schouderluxatie" title="Schouderluxatie">Schouderluxatie</a>: Hierbij is de kop van het opperarmbeen (<i>lat.: humerus</i>) uit de gewrichtskom geraakt. Men spreekt ook wel van een "ontwrichte" schouder. In de overgrote meerderheid der gevallen (95%) verplaatst de humeruskop zich hierbij naar voren (= anterior schouderluxatie). Hierbij kunnen verdere beschadigingen optreden: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill-sachslaesie" title="Hill-sachslaesie">Hill-sachslaesie</a>: Ook wel impressiefractuur genaamd. Door de ontwrichting is de relatief zachte bekleding van de humeruskop beschadigd geraakt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankartlaesie" title="Bankartlaesie">Bankartlaesie</a>: Door de ontwrichting is de bindweefselring die rondom de gewrichtskom zit, het labrum glenoidicum, beschadigd geraakt.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuurverwijzingen">Literatuurverwijzingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuurverwijzingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schouder&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuurverwijzingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Raven1959-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Raven1959_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raven, C.P. (1959). <i>Anatomische atlas. Ten gebruike bij het onderwijs aan verplegenden en bij de opleiding voor eerste hulp bij ongelukken.</i> Amsterdam: Scheltema & Holkema N.V.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coëlho1965-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Coëlho1965_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kloosterhuis, G. (1965). <i>Praktisch verklarend zakwoordenboek der geneeskunde</i> (9de druk). Den Haag: Van Goor Zonen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCAT-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FCAT_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). <i>Terminologia Anatomica</i>. Stuttgart: Thieme</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoulders#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shoulders">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoulders#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shoulders">Shoulders</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Skelet"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_skelet" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie skelet"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_skelet&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Skelet" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Skelet" title="Skelet">Skelet</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a href="/wiki/Schedel" title="Schedel">schedel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wervelkolom" title="Wervelkolom">wervelkolom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ribbenkast" title="Ribbenkast">borstkas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Borstbeen" title="Borstbeen">borstbeen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Schoudergordel" title="Schoudergordel">schoudergordel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arm_(ledemaat)" title="Arm (ledemaat)">arm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bekken_(anatomie)" title="Bekken (anatomie)">bekkengordel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Been_(ledemaat)" title="Been (ledemaat)">been</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bot_(anatomie)" title="Bot (anatomie)">bot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gewricht" title="Gewricht">gewricht</a> · <a href="/wiki/Botten_van_de_mens" title="Botten van de mens">botten van de mens</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/schouder" class="extiw" title="wikt:schouder">WikiWoordenboek</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div>Zoek <i><b><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/schouder" class="extiw" title="wikt:schouder">schouder</a></b></i> op in het <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">WikiWoordenboek</a>.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schouder&oldid=67395388">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schouder&oldid=67395388</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Arm" title="Categorie:Arm">Arm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Extern_zichtbaar_lichaamsdeel" title="Categorie:Extern zichtbaar lichaamsdeel">Extern zichtbaar lichaamsdeel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Gewricht" title="Categorie:Gewricht">Gewricht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Schoudergordel" title="Categorie:Schoudergordel">Schoudergordel</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 18 apr 2024 om 07:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schouder&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-2fq2z","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.121","walltime":"0.410","ppvisitednodes":{"value":462,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":6822,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1028,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2828,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 87.797 1 -total"," 43.34% 38.049 1 Sjabloon:Commonscat"," 38.64% 33.921 2 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box"," 24.93% 21.892 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_skelet"," 23.70% 20.808 1 Sjabloon:References"," 22.50% 19.756 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie"," 10.23% 8.981 2 Sjabloon:First_non_empty"," 7.72% 6.774 1 Sjabloon:Wikt"," 6.00% 5.272 2 Sjabloon:InterProject"," 4.18% 3.667 1 Sjabloon:Bewerklinks"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.008","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":690106,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c479b968-pqzmg","timestamp":"20241116064533","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Schouder","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schouder","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16363","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16363","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-03-18T11:21:57Z","dateModified":"2024-04-18T06:25:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/70\/%C3%89paule_mus%C3%A9e_arch%C3%A9ologique_de_Naples.jpg","headline":"deel van het lichaam"}</script> </body> </html>