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Khattak</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Umar K. Khattak"> <meta name="keywords" content="Umar K. Khattak"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Umar K. 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Khattak"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 158</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Umar K. Khattak</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Library Anxiety among Library and Information Science Students at Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak, Pakistan: A Bostick Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Ullah%20Jan">Saeed Ullah Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafaq"> Shafaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumbul"> Sumbul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anxiety is one of the most common emotions and is a normal reaction to danger or a threat. It is a normal reaction to stress and can be beneficial in some situations. It can alert us to dangers and help us prepare and pay attention. The prime aim of this study was to examine the level of anxiety of Library and Information Science students at the Department of Library and Information Science, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak. A survey method was used for the completion of this study. The response of male respondents was better than female LIS students at the Department of Library and Information Science, Khushal Khan Khattak University Karak. The librarians should have to focus on the information needs of the university students. Special training needs to be arranged for female students to improve their library usage and readership rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library-anxiety" title="library-anxiety">library-anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library%20anxiety-students" title=" library anxiety-students"> library anxiety-students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library%20anxiety%20-students-Pakistan" title=" library anxiety -students-Pakistan"> library anxiety -students-Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144309/library-anxiety-among-library-and-information-science-students-at-khushal-khan-khattak-university-karak-pakistan-a-bostick-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Selection of Appropriate Classification Technique for Lithological Mapping of Gali Jagir Area, Pakistan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khunsa%20Fatima">Khunsa Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20K.%20Khattak"> Umar K. Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allah%20Bakhsh%20Kausar"> Allah Bakhsh Kausar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Satellite images interpretation and analysis assist geologists by providing valuable information about geology and minerals of an area to be surveyed. A test site in Fatejang of district Attock has been studied using Landsat ETM+ and ASTER satellite images for lithological mapping. Five different supervised image classification techniques namely maximum likelihood, parallelepiped, minimum distance to mean, mahalanobis distance and spectral angle mapper have been performed on both satellite data images to find out the suitable classification technique for lithological mapping in the study area. Results of these five image classification techniques were compared with the geological map produced by Geological Survey of Pakistan. The result of maximum likelihood classification technique applied on ASTER satellite image has the highest correlation of 0.66 with the geological map. Field observations and XRD spectra of field samples also verified the results. A lithological map was then prepared based on the maximum likelihood classification of ASTER satellite image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASTER" title="ASTER">ASTER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat-ETM%2B" title=" Landsat-ETM+"> Landsat-ETM+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite" title=" satellite"> satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20classification" title=" image classification"> image classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3823/selection-of-appropriate-classification-technique-for-lithological-mapping-of-gali-jagir-area-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Developing Norms for Sit and Reach Test in the Local Environment of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazratullah%20Khattak">Hazratullah Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Waheed%20Mughal"> Abdul Waheed Mughal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inamullah%20Khattak"> Inamullah Khattak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is envisaged as vital contribution as it intends to develop norms for the Sit and Reach Test in the Local Environment of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, for the age group between 12-14 years which will be used to measure the flexibility level of early adolescents (12-14 years). Sit and Reach test was applied on 2000 volunteers, 400 subjects from each selected district (Five (5) Districts, Peshawar, Nowshera, Karak, Dera Ismail Khan and Swat (20% percent of the total 25 districts) using convenient sampling technique. The population for this study is comprised of all the early adolescents aging 12-14 years (Age Mean 13 + 0.63, Height 154 + 046, Weight 46 + 7.17, BMI 19 + 1.45) representing various public and private sectors educational institutions of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. As for as the norms developed for Sit and Reach test, the score below 6.8 inches comes in the category of poor, 6.9 to 9.6 inches (below Average), 9.7 to 10.8 inches (Average), 10.9 to 13 inches (Above average) and above 13 inches score is considered as Excellent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness" title="fitness">fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=norms" title=" norms"> norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sit%20and%20reach" title=" sit and reach"> sit and reach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74867/developing-norms-for-sit-and-reach-test-in-the-local-environment-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Population Dynamics of Auchenoglanis Occidentalis From Dadin-Kowa Dam, Gombe State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazeef">Nazeef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleiman"> Suleiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar"> Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danladi%20Muhammad"> Danladi Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ja%27afar%20Ali"> Ja'afar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaliha%20Adamu%20Umar"> Zaliha Adamu Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The population dynamics of Auchenoglanis occidentalis from the Dadin-Kowa reservoir were studied. Population dynamic parameters such as growth, mortality and recruitment patterns were analyzed using length frequency data over a 12-month period employing FiSAT II software. Findings revealed that LWR (b - constant) = 2.88, K = 0.72 -yr., L∞ = 40.91 cm and Tmax = 3.57 years and Ɵ’ = 3.14. Mortality indices revealed that natural mortality (M = 1.39), fishing mortality (F = 0.22) and exploitation ratio (E = 0.14), Lc/L∞ = 0.48, Emax = 0.64, while Lopt = 26.4 cm. Uni-modal recruitment peak observed with Lm = 27.3 cm. A restocking program is suitable to ensure its continuous existence as it seems to have a low population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20population%20dynamics" title="fish population dynamics">fish population dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auchenoglanis%20occidentalis" title=" auchenoglanis occidentalis"> auchenoglanis occidentalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FISAT%20II" title=" FISAT II"> FISAT II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20mortality" title=" natural mortality"> natural mortality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186189/population-dynamics-of-auchenoglanis-occidentalis-from-dadin-kowa-dam-gombe-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> A Piebald Cladistic Portray of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Haplogroups in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahzad%20Bhatti">Shahzad Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aslamkhan"> M. Aslamkhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Abbas"> Sana Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcella%20Attimonelli"> Marcella Attimonelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hikmet%20Hakan%20Aydin"> Hikmet Hakan Aydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erica%20Martinha%20Silva%20de%20Souza"> Erica Martinha Silva de Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="> </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite being situated at the crossroad of Asia, Pakistan has gained crucial importance because of its pivotal role in subsequent migratory events. To highlight the genetic footprints and to contribute an enigmatic picture of the relative population expansion pattern among four major Pashtun tribes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa viz., Bangash, Khattak, Mahsuds and Orakzai, the complete mitochondrial control region of 100 Pashtun were analyzed. All Pashtun tribes studied here revealed high genetic diversity; that was comparable to the other Central Asian, Southeast Asian and European populations. The configuration of genetic variation and heterogeneity further unveiled through Multidimensional Scaling, Principal Component Analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. The results revealed that the Pashtun is a composite mosaic of West Eurasian ancestry of numerous geographic origin. They received substantial gene flow during different invasions and have a high element of the Western provenance. The most common haplogroups reported in this study are: South Asian haplogroup M (28%) and R (8%); whereas, West Asians haplogroups are present, albeit in high frequencies (67%) and widespread over all; HV (15%), U (17%), H (9%), J (8%), K (8%), W (4%), N (3%) and T (3%). Herein we linked the unexplored genetic connection between Ashkenazi Jews and Pashtun. The presence of specific haplotypes J1b (4%) and K1a1b1a (5%) point to a genetic connection of Jewish conglomeration with Khattak tribe. This was a result of an ancient genetic influx in the early Neolithic period that led to the formation of a diverse genetic substratum in present day Pashtun. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mtDNA%20haplogroups" title="mtDNA haplogroups">mtDNA haplogroups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20region" title=" control region"> control region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KPK" title=" KPK"> KPK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title=" ethnicity"> ethnicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47522/a-piebald-cladistic-portray-of-mitochondrial-dna-control-region-haplogroups-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Effects of Changes in LULC on Hydrological Response in Upper Indus Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ammar">Ahmad Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Khan%20Khattak"> Umar Khan Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Majid"> Muhammad Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Empirically based lumped hydrologic models have an extensive track record of use for various watershed managements and flood related studies. This study focuses on the impacts of LULC change for 10 year period on the discharge in watershed using lumped model HEC-HMS. The Indus above Tarbela region acts as a source of the main flood events in the middle and lower portions of Indus because of the amount of rainfall and topographic setting of the region. The discharge pattern of the region is influenced by the LULC associated with it. In this study the Landsat TM images were used to do LULC analysis of the watershed. Satellite daily precipitation TRMM data was used as input rainfall. The input variables for model building in HEC-HMS were then calculated based on the GIS data collected and pre-processed in HEC-GeoHMS. SCS-CN was used as transform model, SCS unit hydrograph method was used as loss model and Muskingum was used as routing model. For discharge simulation years 2000 and 2010 were taken. HEC-HMS was calibrated for the year 2000 and then validated for 2010.The performance of the model was assessed through calibration and validation process and resulted R2=0.92 during calibration and validation. Relative Bias for the years 2000 was -9% and for2010 was -14%. The result shows that in 10 years the impact of LULC change on discharge has been negligible in the study area overall. One reason is that, the proportion of built-up area in the watershed, which is the main causative factor of change in discharge, is less than 1% of the total area. However, locally, the impact of development was found significant in built up area of Mansehra city. The analysis was done on Mansehra city sub-watershed with an area of about 16 km2 and has more than 13% built up area in 2010. The results showed that with an increase of 40% built-up area in the city from 2000 to 2010 the discharge values increased about 33 percent, indicating the impact of LULC change on discharge value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LULC%20change" title="LULC change">LULC change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HEC-HMS" title=" HEC-HMS"> HEC-HMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indus%20Above%20Tarbela" title=" Indus Above Tarbela"> Indus Above Tarbela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCS-CN" title=" SCS-CN "> SCS-CN </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13038/effects-of-changes-in-lulc-on-hydrological-response-in-upper-indus-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Reliable Multicast Communication in Next Generation Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muazzam%20Ali%20Khan%20Khattak">Muazzam Ali Khan Khattak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Next Generation Network is combination of different networks having different technologies. Due to mobile nature of nodes the movement of nodes occurs from one network to another network. Multicasting in such networks is still a hot issue of research because the user in today's world wants reliable communication wherever it lies. Due to heterogeneity of NGN it is very difficult to handle reliable multicast communication. In this paper we proposed an improved scheme for reliable multicast communication in next generation networks. Because multicast communication is very important to deliver same data packets to multiple receivers and minimize the network traffic. This new scheme will make the multicast communication in NGN more reliable and efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=next%20generation%20networks" title="next generation networks">next generation networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=route%20request" title=" route request"> route request</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPT" title=" IPT"> IPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NACK" title=" NACK"> NACK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARQ" title=" ARQ"> ARQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTN" title=" DTN"> DTN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1931/reliable-multicast-communication-in-next-generation-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Socio-Economic Factors Influencing the Use of Coping Strategies among Conflict Actors (Farmers and Herders) in Giron Masa Village, Kebbi State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Umar">S. Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20F.%20Umar"> B. F. Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted at Giron Masa village, located 30 km from Yauri town. The study determines the socio-economic factors influencing the use of coping strategies among farmers and herders during post-conflict situation. Simple random sampling was employed to select one hundred respondents (50 farmers and 50 herders) from the study area. Logistic regression analysis (LR) was used to ascertain the socioeconomic variables that influenced the use of the coping strategies. The results of the study shows that age, income, family size and farming experience were individually significant and thus influenced the use of POCS by farmers. Annual income and production system influenced the use of POCS by herders. Age, farm size and farming experience were found to be individually significant in influencing the use of EOCS among farmers. Specifically, years of occupation experience among the herders increased the use of emotion oriented coping strategies among herders. The use of SSCS among farmers was influenced by educational level; farm size and farming experience, while the variables are not collectively significant in influencing the use of SSCS among the herders. The research recommends a need to adopt the strategy of community coping to cope with stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers" title="farmers">farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herders" title=" herders"> herders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title=" conflict"> conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping%20strategies" title=" coping strategies"> coping strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14926/socio-economic-factors-influencing-the-use-of-coping-strategies-among-conflict-actors-farmers-and-herders-in-giron-masa-village-kebbi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Maximum Entropy Based Image Segmentation of Human Skin Lesion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheema%20Shuja%20Khattak">Sheema Shuja Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gule%20Saman"> Gule Saman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Khan"> Imran Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdus%20Salam"> Abdus Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Image segmentation plays an important role in medical imaging applications. Therefore, accurate methods are needed for the successful segmentation of medical images for diagnosis and detection of various diseases. In this paper, we have used maximum entropy to achieve image segmentation. Maximum entropy has been calculated using Shannon, Renyi, and Tsallis entropies. This work has novelty based on the detection of skin lesion caused by the bite of a parasite called Sand Fly causing the disease is called Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shannon" title="shannon">shannon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20entropy" title=" maximum entropy"> maximum entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renyi" title=" Renyi"> Renyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsallis%20entropy" title=" Tsallis entropy"> Tsallis entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19990/maximum-entropy-based-image-segmentation-of-human-skin-lesion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Drivers of Farmers' Contract Compliance Behaviour: Evidence from a Case Study of Dangote Tomato Processing Plant in Northern Nigeria.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Shehu%20Umar">Umar Shehu Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contract farming is a viable strategy agribusinesses rely on to strengthen vertical coordination. However, low contract compliance remains a significant setback to agribusinesses' contract performance. The present study aims to understand what drives smallholder farmers’ contract compliance behaviour. Qualitative information was collected through Focus Group Discussions to enrich the design of the survey questionnaire administered on a sample of 300 randomly selected farmers contracted by the Dangote Tomato Processing Plant (DTPP) in four regions of northern Nigeria. Novel transaction level data of tomato sales covering one season were collected in addition to socio-economic information of the sampled farmers. Binary logistic model results revealed that open fresh market tomato prices and payment delays negatively affect farmers' compliance behaviour while quantity harvested, education level and input provision correlated positively with compliance. The study suggests that contract compliance will increase if contracting firms devise a reliable and timely payment plan (e.g., digital payment), continue input and service provisions (e.g., improved seeds, extension services) and incentives (e.g., loyalty rewards, bonuses) in the contract. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contract%20farming" title="contract farming">contract farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliance" title=" compliance"> compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers%20and%20processors." title=" farmers and processors."> farmers and processors.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smallholder" title=" smallholder"> smallholder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180897/drivers-of-farmers-contract-compliance-behaviour-evidence-from-a-case-study-of-dangote-tomato-processing-plant-in-northern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Litho-Structural Variations and Gold Mineralization around Wonaka Schist Belt, North West Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Sambo%20Umar">Umar Sambo Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Isah%20Haruna"> Ahmad Isah Haruna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Sadik%20Maigari"> Abubakar Sadik Maigari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bello%20Abubakar"> Muhammad Bello Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Schist belts in Nigeria occur prominently west of longitude 80 E and sporadic to the east, they are upper Proterozioc low-medium grade deformed metasediments and metavolcanics that were intruded by Pan-African granitoids. The Wonaka schist belt, though reportedly distinctive in composition and metamorphism, is the least understood; the host for primary gold were not defined, structures which may control primary enrichment have not been delineated. The aim of this work is to determine the relationship between litho-structures and the gold around Wonaka schist belt through geological field mapping, petrographic studies and structural data analysis via ArcGis 10.2, Surfer 11.0 and Stereopro 2.0. The results show that the major rock types are mica schist and migmatites, muscovites detected during microstructural analysis suggests low-grade metamorphism in the metapelites. The shear zones identified were trending North Northeast – South Southwest (NNE-SSW), fractures trend mostly Northeast-Southwest (NE-SW) perpendicular to planes of gneissic foliations, these conform to the late Pan-African deformational episode. Pegmatite lodes, net self-cross cutting quartz veins as well as the quartz stringers hosted by both migmatites and schist are delineated as targets for primary gold mineralization, while major confluences of the streams serve as zones for secondary (placer) gold targets since the streams are dendritic and intermittent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20mineralization" title="gold mineralization">gold mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migmatites" title=" migmatites"> migmatites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wonaka%20schist%20belt" title=" Wonaka schist belt"> Wonaka schist belt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95992/litho-structural-variations-and-gold-mineralization-around-wonaka-schist-belt-north-west-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Single Fly Over as a Solution to Congestion of Intersection Junction: Case Study of Jalan Jatingaleh Semarang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachmat%20Mudiyono">Rachmat Mudiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sumiati"> Siti Sumiati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the next few years, traffic will happen most of the time. This was triggered by the growing rate of vehicles againts the road capacity which is not balance. All the time the congestion in the city of Semarang has been occured at peak hours. Congestion also occured in between Teuku Umar and Setia Budi road Jatingaleh because of a plot intersection (Kesatrian intersection, PLN intersection and Jatingaleh intersection) with the Toll Road. Jatingaleh is located in the southern city of Semarang which is a central meeting point between the upper and lower Semarang where the vehicle flows in through a combination of local current and regional traffic, and the flow of vehicles coming in and out from highway. The main cause of the problems that occurred in the area of Jatingaleh is due to the numbers of vehicles movement that occurs at the intersections. With the above issues, it is necessary to analyse the existing conditions and look into some solutions. Before carrying out an analysis of field surveys at peak hours for example morning (06:00 to 08:00 am) and for the afternoon (04:00 to 06:00 pm)should be conducted, then the number of vehicles is counted manually with “short-breakcounting” according to types of vehicles. From the analysis we found that the degree of saturation (DS) is 1.61 between Teuku Umar and Setia Budi road during the morning peak hours and 1.56 during the afternoon peak hours. This means that the capacity of the existing road is no longer able to accommodate the traffic flow. One of the solutions for the congestion that occurs at the intersection of Jatingaleh is to apply the efficiency of the intersection that is not in a plot with a Fly over, Underpass and the combination of Fly Over-Underpass. Base on the flow reduction calculation with 3 comparative modeling it shows that the Fly Over is the most technically efficient to be applied in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20fly%20over" title="single fly over">single fly over</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection" title=" intersection"> intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interchange" title=" interchange"> interchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16536/single-fly-over-as-a-solution-to-congestion-of-intersection-junction-case-study-of-jalan-jatingaleh-semarang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Studies on the Histomorphometry of the Digestive Tract and Associated Digestive Glands in Ostrich (Struthio camelus) with Gender and Progressing Age in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaima%20Umar">Zaima Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20S.%20Qureshi"> Anas S. Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeel%20Sarfraz"> Adeel Sarfraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saqib%20Umar"> Saqib Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Umar"> Talha Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman"> Muhammad Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ostrich has been a good source of food and income for people across the world. To get a better understanding of health and health-related problems, the knowledge of its digestive system is of utmost importance. The present study was conducted to determine the morphological and histometrical variations in the digestive system and associated glands of ostrich (Struthio camelus) as regard to the gender and progressive age. A total of 40 apparently healthy ostriches of both genders and two progressive age groups; young one (less than two year, group A); and adult (2-15 years, group B) in equal number were used in this study. Digestive organs including tongue, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small and large intestines and associated glands like liver and pancreas were collected immediately after slaughtering the birds. The organs of the digestive system and associated glands of each group were studied grossly and histologically. Grossly colour, shape consistency, weight and various dimensions (length, width, and circumference) of organs of the digestive tract and associated glands were recorded. The mean (± SEM) of all gross anatomical parameters in group A were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) different from that of group B. For microscopic studies, 1-2 cm tissue samples of organs of the digestive system and associated glands were taken. The tissue was marked and fixed in the neutral buffer formaldehyde solution for histological studies. After fixation, the sections of 5-7 µm were cut and stained by haematoxylin and eosin stain. All the layers (epithelium, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa and tunica muscularis) were measured (µm) with the help of automated computer software Image J®. The results of this study provide valuable information on the gender and age-related histological and histometrical variations in the digestive organs of ostrich (Struthio camelus). The microscopic studies of different parts of the digestive system revealed highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among the two groups. The esophagus was lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum showed similar histological structures. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the thickness of different tunics of the gastrointestinal tract in adult birds (up to 15 years) as compared with young ones (less than two years). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a gradual but consistent growth in the observed digestive organs mimicking that of other poultry species and may be helpful in determining the growth pattern in this bird. However, there is a need to record the changes at closer time intervals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ostrich" title="ostrich">ostrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestive%20system" title=" digestive system"> digestive system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histomorphometry" title=" histomorphometry"> histomorphometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grossly" title=" grossly"> grossly</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105522/studies-on-the-histomorphometry-of-the-digestive-tract-and-associated-digestive-glands-in-ostrich-struthio-camelus-with-gender-and-progressing-age-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Cross Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gwani%20M.">Gwani M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20M.%20Kangiwa"> Umar M. Kangiwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bello%20A.%20Umar"> Bello A. Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gado%20A.%20Abubakar"> Gado A. Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven significant interest in the development of innovative designs of wind turbines. The horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) are the dominant type of wind turbine used for power generation. However, these turbines have their respective merits and demerits, which affect their performance. This study introduces a Hybrid Cross Axis Wind Turbine (HCAWT), which integrates the blades of both horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in a cross-axis configuration with a Savonius rotor to form a hybrid system. The HCAWT combines the self-starting capabilities of Savonius rotors with the high-efficiency characteristics of Darrieus rotors and HAWT, aiming to optimize performance across a range of wind conditions. The performance of the HCAWT was tested and evaluated against a cross-axis wind turbine (CAWT) and a conventional VAWT under similar experimental conditions. The study’s results indicate that the HCAWT outperformed both the CAWT and the conventional VAWT. The power coefficient (Cp) of the HCAWT increases by 83% and 132% compared to that of the CAWT and conventional VAWT, respectively. The findings show that the HCAWT offers better start-up performance and maintains higher efficiency at lower wind speeds compared to CAWT and conventional VAWT. The findings suggest that the HCAWT offers significant improvements in energy capture, particularly in turbulent wind conditions, and greater adaptability to changing wind conditions, making it a viable option for both urban and rural energy applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" cross axis wind turbine"> cross axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193554/design-development-and-performance-evaluation-of-hybrid-cross-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of Okra Seed and Soy Beans Oil with Crude Enzyme Extract from Malted Rice </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduzor%20Esther">Eduzor Esther</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uhiara%20Ngozi"> Uhiara Ngozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya%E2%80%99u%20Abubakar%20Umar"> Ya’u Abubakar Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anayo%20Jacob%20Gabriel"> Anayo Jacob Gabriel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Ahmed"> Umar Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the characteristic effect of treating okra seed and soybeans seed oil with crude enzymes extract from malted rice. The oils from okra seeds and soybeans were obtained by solvent extraction method using N-hexane solvent. Soybeans seeds had higher percentage oil yield than okra seed. 250ml of each oil was thoroughly mixed with 5ml of the malted rice extract at 400C for 5mins and then filtered and regarded as treated oil while another batch of 250ml of each oil was not mixed with the malted rice extract and regarded as untreated oil. All the oils were analyzed for specific gravity, refractive index, emulsification capacity, absortivity, TSS and viscosity. Treated okra seed and soybeans oil gave higher values for specific gravity, than the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans oil respectively. The emulsification capacity values were also higher for treated oils, when compared to the untreated oil, for okra seed and soybeans oil respectively. Treated okra seed and soybeans oil also had higher range of values for absorptivity, than the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans respectively. The ranges of T.S.S values of the treated oil were also higher, than those of the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans respectively. The results of viscosity showed that the treated oil had higher values, than the untreated oil for okra seed and soybeans oil respectively. However, the results of refractive index showed that the untreated oils had higher values ranges of than the treated oils for okra seed and soybeans respectively. Treated oil show better quality in respect to the parameters analyst, except the refractive index which is slightly less but also is within the rangiest of standard, the oils are high in unsaturation especially okra oil when compared with soya beans oil. It is recommended that, treated oil of okra seeds and soya beans can serve better than many oils that presently in use such as ground nut oil, palm oil and cotton seeds oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title="extract">extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malted" title=" malted"> malted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=okra" title=" okra"> okra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed" title=" seed"> seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soybeans" title=" soybeans "> soybeans </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28903/comparative-analysis-of-the-treatment-of-okra-seed-and-soy-beans-oil-with-crude-enzyme-extract-from-malted-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Haematological Changes and Anticoccidial Activities of Kaempferol in Eimeria Tenella Infected Broiler Chickens </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya%27u%20Muhammad">Ya'u Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Umar%20A.%20Mallammadori"> Umar Umar A. Mallammadori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Mansur"> Dahiru Mansur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of kaempferol on haematological parameters in two weeks old broiler chickens with experimental Eimeria tenella infection was evaluated in this study. Sixty-day old broilers were randomly allotted into six groups (I-VI) of ten broilers each and brooded for two weeks with commercial broiler feed (vital feed®) and provided water ad libitum. At two weeks of age broilers in group 1 were neither infected nor treated. Broilers in groups II-VI were infected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocyst (104/ml) via oral inoculation. After infection was established, broilers in groups II-IV were treated orally with 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg of kaempferol, respectively. Broilers in group V were treated for five days with amprolium, 1.25 g/L in drinking water. Broilers in group VI were administered normal saline, 5 ml/kg per os for five days. Five days post infection; all broilers were sacrificed by severing their jugular veins. Blood sample from each bird was collected in EDTA container for haematology. Caecal contents were harvested and used to determine the lesion score and caecal Oocyst count respectively. Data obtained was analyzed using pad prism version 5.0. Mean Packed Cell Volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) count significantly (P < 0.05) increased in groups II, III, and IV in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, PCV, Hb concentration, and RBC count significantly (P < 0.05) increased in groups II, III, and IV when compared to VI. No significant (P > 0.05) difference in the mean values of PCV, Hb and RBC count were recorded between groups treated with kaempferol and group V. Caecal Oocyst counts and lesion scores reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in groups II, III, and IV in a dose dependent manner. It was therefore observed in this study that kaempferol improved haematological parameters and reduced Oocyst count as well as the lesion scores in broilers infected with Eimeria tenella. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broilers" title="broilers">broilers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eimeria%20tenella" title=" Eimeria tenella"> Eimeria tenella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaempferol" title=" kaempferol"> kaempferol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesion%20scores" title=" lesion scores"> lesion scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oocyst%20count" title=" oocyst count"> oocyst count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125429/haematological-changes-and-anticoccidial-activities-of-kaempferol-in-eimeria-tenella-infected-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Model Based Fault Diagnostic Approach for Limit Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Mahmood">Zafar Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surayya%20Naz"> Surayya Naz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazir%20Shah%20Khattak"> Nazir Shah Khattak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The degree of freedom relates to our capability to observe or model the energy paths within the system. Higher the number of energy paths being modeled leaves to us a higher degree of freedom, but increasing the time and modeling complexity rendering it useless for today’s world’s need for minimum time to market. Since the number of residuals that can be uniquely isolated are dependent on the number of independent outputs of the system, increasing the number of sensors required. The examples of discrete position sensors that may be used to form an array include limit switches, Hall effect sensors, optical sensors, magnetic sensors, etc. Their mechanical design can usually be tailored to fit in the transitional path of an STME in a variety of mechanical configurations. The case studies into multi-sensor system were carried out and actual data from sensors is used to test this generic framework. It is being investigated, how the proper modeling of limit switches as timing sensors, could lead to unified and neutral residual space while keeping the implementation cost reasonably low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost%20limit%20sensors" title="low-cost limit sensors">low-cost limit sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnostics" title=" fault diagnostics"> fault diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Single%20Throw%20Mechanical%20Equipment%20%28STME%29" title=" Single Throw Mechanical Equipment (STME)"> Single Throw Mechanical Equipment (STME)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parity-space" title=" parity-space"> parity-space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25825/model-based-fault-diagnostic-approach-for-limit-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">617</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Transformation of the Traditional Landscape of Kabul Old City: A Study for Its Conservation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Umar%20Azizi">Mohammad Umar Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuya%20Ando"> Tetsuya Ando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the transformation of the traditional landscape of Kabul Old City through an examination of five case study areas. Based on physical observation, three types of houses are found: traditional, mixed and modern. Firstly, characteristics of the houses are described according to construction materials and the number of stories. Secondly, internal and external factors are considered in order to implement a conservation plan. Finally, an adaptive conservation plan is suggested to protect the traditional landscape of Kabul Old City. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title="conservation">conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=district%201" title=" district 1"> district 1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabul%20Old%20City" title=" Kabul Old City"> Kabul Old City</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20houses" title=" traditional houses"> traditional houses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107694/transformation-of-the-traditional-landscape-of-kabul-old-city-a-study-for-its-conservation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> A Study on the Vegetative and Osmolyte Accumulation of Capsicum frutescens L. under Zinc Metal Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ja%E2%80%99afar%20Umar">Ja’afar Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Aliyu%20Aliero"> Adamu Aliyu Aliero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant growth, biochemical parameters, zinc metal concentrations were determined for Capsicum frutescens L. in response to varied concentration of zinc metal. The plant exhibited a decline in the vegetative parameters measured. Free proline and glycine betaine content increases with increasing concentration of zinc metal and differ significantly (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the osmolyte (pro and GB) accumulations, and high length of stem and wide leaf expansion are possible indicator of tolerance to heavy metals (Zinc) in Capsicum frutescens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20metal" title="zinc metal">zinc metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmolyte" title=" osmolyte"> osmolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Capsicum%20frutescens" title=" Capsicum frutescens"> Capsicum frutescens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28287/a-study-on-the-vegetative-and-osmolyte-accumulation-of-capsicum-frutescens-l-under-zinc-metal-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Effect of Bilateral and Unilateral Castration on Feed Utilization and Carcass Characteristics of Growers Rabbit (Orytolagus cunniculus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Dikko">A. H. Dikko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N%20Tsado"> D. N Tsado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20T.%20Rita"> M. S. T. Rita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Umar"> D. S. Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted on eighteen (18) New Zealand and chinchilla breeds of rabbits were used. The rabbits were allotted to 3 treatments with each treatment having six (6) animals with two (2) replicates. T1 were castrated, which both testes was removed (Bilateral); T2 were castrated, which only one testes was removed (unilateral) and T3 were not castrated (control). In nutrient digestibility, T1 and T2 (p>0.05) has a higher rate than T3. There was no significant (p<0.05) difference in live weight and dressing weight among the treatment groups. There is a significant (p > 0.05) difference in visceral organs in the treatment groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chinchilla" title=" chinchilla"> chinchilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castration" title=" castration"> castration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral" title=" bilateral"> bilateral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unilateral" title=" unilateral"> unilateral</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15420/effect-of-bilateral-and-unilateral-castration-on-feed-utilization-and-carcass-characteristics-of-growers-rabbit-orytolagus-cunniculus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">659</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Islam, Forced Marriages and Pakistani Culture: An Analytical Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naseem%20Akhter">Naseem Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozina%20Khattak"> Rozina Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Munir"> Arshad Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Islamic social and family system is very clear concerning will, choice, consent and negation of compulsion and force in human life. Marriage is not only a civil contract but also a religious and spiritual contract between spouse (man and woman), which allows them for each other to live gladly, joyfully and legally in the society. It is an immortal and perpetual association between man and woman, which is filled with sympathetic affection, kindness, compassion and security. Islam gives specific rights to parents and guardians to set up the marriage ceremony and get done it as a respectful family occasion, confer their blessing and advice for a life partner of their children. The rights of parents and guardians are summed up in the term of "Willayah”. Islam does not permit parents, guardians and other relatives to compel their children regarding the marriage of their choice, because the groom and the bride are the real parties of the contract. Therefore, their willingness is of prime importance in order to spend whole life with each other. The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibits forcing a virgin to marriage without her permission, whether this is her father or someone else. The right of free consent to choose a life partner is the basic right for the human which is God (Allah) gifted. Unfortunately, forced marriage is a common practice in Pakistani society that has no link with Islam. This article is being written in the same context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice" title="choice">choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consent" title=" consent"> consent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20marriage" title=" forced marriage"> forced marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam" title=" Islam"> Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spouse" title=" spouse"> spouse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49967/islam-forced-marriages-and-pakistani-culture-an-analytical-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Survival Data with Incomplete Missing Categorical Covariates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madaki%20Umar%20Yusuf">Madaki Umar Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Rizam%20B.%20Abubakar"> Mohd Rizam B. Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The survival censored data with incomplete covariate data is a common occurrence in many studies in which the outcome is survival time. With model when the missing covariates are categorical, a useful technique for obtaining parameter estimates is the EM by the method of weights. The survival outcome for the class of generalized linear model is applied and this method requires the estimation of the parameters of the distribution of the covariates. In this paper, we propose some clinical trials with ve covariates, four of which have some missing values which clearly show that they were fully censored data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20algorithm" title="EM algorithm">EM algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incomplete%20categorical%20covariates" title=" incomplete categorical covariates"> incomplete categorical covariates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignorable%20missing%20data" title=" ignorable missing data"> ignorable missing data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20at%20random%20%28MAR%29" title=" missing at random (MAR)"> missing at random (MAR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20Distribution" title=" Weibull Distribution"> Weibull Distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43520/survival-data-with-incomplete-missing-categorical-covariates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Soil-Geopolymer Mixtures for Pavement Base and Subbase Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khattak">Mohammad Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikash%20Adhikari"> Bikash Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sambodh%20Adhikari"> Sambodh Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals with the physical, microstructural, mechanical, and shrinkage characteristics of flyash-based soil-geopolymer mixtures. Medium and high plastic soils were obtained from local construction projects. Class F flyash was used with a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution to develop soil-geopolymer mixtures. Several mixtures were compacted, cured at different curing conditions, and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), linear shrinkage, and observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the study demonstrated that the soil-geopolymer mixtures fulfilled the UCS criteria of cement treated design (CTD) and cement stabilized design (CSD) as recommended by the department of transportation for pavement base and subbase layers. It was found that soil-geopolymer demonstrated either similar or better UCS and shrinkage characteristics relative to conventional soil-cement mixtures. The SEM analysis revealed that microstructure of soil-geopolymer mixtures exhibited development and steady growth of geopolymerization during the curing period. Based on mechanical, shrinkage, and microstructural characteristics it was suggested that the soil-geopolymer mixtures, has an immense potential to be used as pavement subgrade, subbase, and base layers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-geopolymer" title="soil-geopolymer">soil-geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20base" title=" pavement base"> pavement base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength"> unconfined compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20morphology" title=" and morphology"> and morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91879/soil-geopolymer-mixtures-for-pavement-base-and-subbase-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> A Survey of Some Technology Enhanced Teaching and Learning Techniques: Implication to Educational Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Bn%20Umar">Abdullahi Bn Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years curriculum planners and researchers in education have continued to seek for ways to improve teaching and learning by way of varying approaches to curriculum and instruction in line with dynamic nature of knowledge. In this regards various innovative strategies to teaching and learning have been adopted to match with the technological advancement in education particularly in the aspect of instructional delivery through Information Communication Technology (ICT) as a tools. This paper reviews some innovative strategies and how they impact on learner’s achievement and educational development in Nigeria. The paper concludes by recommending innovative approach appropriate for use in Nigerian context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20delivery" title=" instructional delivery"> instructional delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20laboratory" title=" virtual laboratory"> virtual laboratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20design" title=" educational design"> educational design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23780/a-survey-of-some-technology-enhanced-teaching-and-learning-techniques-implication-to-educational-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Real-Time Aerial Marine Surveillance System for Safe Navigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinesh%20Thiruchelvam">Vinesh Thiruchelvam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Mumtaz%20Chowdry"> Umar Mumtaz Chowdry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathish%20Kumar%20Selvaperumal"> Sathish Kumar Selvaperumal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prime purpose of the project is to provide a sophisticated system for surveillance specialized for the Port Authorities in the Maritime Industry. The current aerial surveillance does not have a wide dimensioning view. The channels of communication is shared and not exclusive allowing for communications errors or disturbance mainly due to traffic. The scope is to analyze the various aspects as real-time aerial and marine surveillance is one of the most important methods which could ensure the domain security of the sailors. The system will improve real time data as obtained for the controller base station. The key implementation will be based on camera speed, angle and adherence to a sustainable power utilization module. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time" title=" real time"> real time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GUI" title=" GUI"> GUI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20industry" title=" maritime industry "> maritime industry </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6760/real-time-aerial-marine-surveillance-system-for-safe-navigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Coffee Consumption: Predictors, Prevalence, Awareness, and Trend among Saudi University Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasiruddin%20Khan">Nasiruddin Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Alfawaz"> Hanan A. Alfawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sobhy%20M.%20Yakout"> Sobhy M. Yakout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malak%20N.%20K.%20Khattak"> Malak N. K. Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20A.%20Alsaikhan"> Amani A. Alsaikhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Areej%20A.%20Almousa"> Areej A. Almousa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taghreed%20A.%20Alsuwailem"> Taghreed A. Alsuwailem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taghreed%20M.%20Almjlad"> Taghreed M. Almjlad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20A.%20Alamri"> Nada A. Alamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20G.%20Alshammari"> Sahar G. Alshammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20M.%20Al-Daghri"> Nasser M. Al-Daghri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The consumption of coffee as a beverage is increasing in every part of the world. However, its excessive intake might exert negative effects. Our objective was to demonstrate the prevalence and awareness of coffee consumption among Saudi students and its determinants among this section of the population. Nine hundred thirty female students participated from various departments of King Saud University in a survey-based study using a face-to-face interview. The study demonstrates a high prevalence of coffee consumption (88.2%) among students in the Riyadh region. Certain situations such as exams were associated with increased frequency of coffee intake combined with unhealthy dietary habits of adding other ingredients such as sugar and spices in amount more than needed. Unmarried and fresh year students with high academic grades were associated with higher coffee consumption. The main determinants of coffee consumption among university students were high BMI and increased family income level. Continued awareness and basic knowledge, along with understanding the importance of reading food labels, should be provided to young generations. The university students must be cautioned to limit excessive coffee consumption and maintain healthy dietary habits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title="academic performance">academic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI" title=" BMI"> BMI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coffee" title=" coffee"> coffee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20awareness" title=" health awareness"> health awareness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141197/coffee-consumption-predictors-prevalence-awareness-and-trend-among-saudi-university-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Development of Fem Code for 2-D Elasticity Problems Using Quadrilateral and Triangular Elements </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Kiani">Muhammad Umar Kiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Sakawat"> Waseem Sakawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the development of FEM code using Quadrilateral 4-Node (Q4) and Triangular 3-Node (T3) elements. Code is formulated using MATLAB language. Instead of using both elements in the same code, two separate codes are written. Quadrilateral element is difficult to handle directly, that is why natural coordinates (eta, ksi) are used. Due to this, Q4 code includes numerical integration (Gauss quadrature). In this case, complete numerical integration is performed using 2 points. On the other hand, T3 element can be modeled directly, by using direct stiffness approach. Axially loaded element, cantilever (special constraints) and Patch test cases were analyzed using both codes and the results were verified by using Ansys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20code" title="FEM code">FEM code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20integration" title=" numerical integration"> numerical integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title=" ANSYS"> ANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2344/development-of-fem-code-for-2-d-elasticity-problems-using-quadrilateral-and-triangular-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid in Different Political Regimes of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Hayat">Umar Hayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Ali"> Shahid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lala%20Rukh"> Lala Rukh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foreign aid is one of the critical variables that promote economic growth. This paper is an attempt to examine the long-run relationship between foreign aid and economic growth for Pakistan over the period of 1972 to 2021. This study uses Johnson's co-integration technique to investigate the long-run relationship among the variables in the model. For short-run dynamics, we utilized the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). The results strongly support the conventional view about aid-led growth. The analysis of the impact of aid on growth both at the micro and the macro levels generally gives different results. The result shows that in the short run inference of foreign aid under the nondemocratic form of government is significant negatively, while foreign aid does not affect economic growth in the case of democratic government. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20aid" title="foreign aid">foreign aid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20regimes" title=" political regimes"> political regimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20economy" title=" developing economy"> developing economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186284/the-effectiveness-of-foreign-aid-in-different-political-regimes-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maikudi%20Umar">Maikudi Umar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper conceived Vocational and Technical Education as those aspects of educational process, in addition to general education leading to acquisition of practical skills, attitudes as well as basic scientific knowledge as it relates to occupations in various sectors of the economic and social life. The paper therefore viewed Vocational and Technical education as those aspects of educational training designed to provide the recipient with the skills abilities and understanding needed for efficient performance in chosen occupational carrier for self reliance. The paper also examined some major inhibitions to the attainment of self reliance through VTE. The paper also recommended a change of attitudes by governments in Nigeria by providing adequate equipment so as to meet up with the challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20education" title="vocational education">vocational education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20education" title=" technical education"> technical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skills%20and%20self%20reliance" title=" skills and self reliance"> skills and self reliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=issues%20and%20challenges" title=" issues and challenges "> issues and challenges </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22946/vocational-and-technical-education-in-nigeria-issues-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Application of Facilities Management Practice in High Rise Commercial Properties: Jos in Perpective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Ahmad%20Aliyu">Aliyu Ahmad Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Ahmad"> Abubakar Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Bello"> Muhammad Umar Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozilah%20Kasim"> Rozilah Kasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Martin"> David Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article studied the application of facilities management practice in high rise commercial properties. Convenience sampling technique was used in administering questionnaires to the 60 respondents who responded to the survey. It was found out that the extent of application of facilities management in the subject properties is better described as below average. Similarly, the most frequently tools of facilities management in use and employed in the properties were outsourcing and in-house sourcing. This was influenced by the level of their familiarity with the tools. Planned and Preventive maintenance should be taken regularly in other to enhance the effectiveness of the facilities management and to satisfy both the owner and customers of the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20properties" title="commercial properties">commercial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities%20management" title=" facilities management"> facilities management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20buildings" title=" high-rise buildings"> high-rise buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%20metropolis%20and%20outsourcing" title=" Jos metropolis and outsourcing"> Jos metropolis and outsourcing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275/application-of-facilities-management-practice-in-high-rise-commercial-properties-jos-in-perpective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20K.%20Khattak&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20K.%20Khattak&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20K.%20Khattak&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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