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>+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shenjian" >Shen Jian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhong-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhong-jing" >Zhong Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="su-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="su-shu" >Su Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="xinyu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="xinyu" >Xin Yu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="duduan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="duduan" >Du Duan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="caizhong-langji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="caizhong-langji" >Cai Zhong Lang Ji</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47085" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47085" href="mohism" >Mohism</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=11446&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); 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style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wenzi" >Wenzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wenshi-zhenjing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wenshi-zhenjing" >Wen Shi Zhen Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lie-xian-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lie-xian-zhuan" >Lie Xian Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yuzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yuzi" >Yuzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="heshanggong" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="heshanggong" >Heshanggong Laozi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47087" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47087" href="legalism" >Legalism</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47382&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="hanfeizi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="hanfeizi" >Hanfeizi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=58972&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shang-jun-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shang-jun-shu" >Shang Jun Shu</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" 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class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guanzi" >Guanzi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47088" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47088" href="school-of-names" >School of Names</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=81868&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gongsunlongzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gongsunlongzi" >Gongsunlongzi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47089" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47089" href="school-of-the-military" >School of the Military</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47376&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="art-of-war" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="art-of-war" >The Art of War</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41728&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wu-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wu-zi" >Wu Zi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" 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class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47091" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47091" href="miscellaneous-schools" >Miscellaneous Schools</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=58481&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="huainanzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="huainanzi" >Huainanzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lv-shi-chun-qiu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lv-shi-chun-qiu" >Lü Shi Chun Qiu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gui-gu-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gui-gu-zi" >Gui Gu Zi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41628&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yin-wen-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yin-wen-zi" >Yin Wen Zi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41676&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="deng-xi-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="deng-xi-zi" >Deng Xi Zi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47092" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47092" href="histories" >Histories</a><br /> <span 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href="lost-book-of-zhou" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lost-book-of-zhou" >Lost Book of Zhou</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guo-yu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guo-yu" >Guo Yu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yanzi-chun-qiu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yanzi-chun-qiu" >Yanzi Chun Qiu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wu-yue-chun-qiu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wu-yue-chun-qiu" >Wu Yue Chun Qiu</a><br /> <span style="float: right; 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>+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yan-tie-lun" >Yan Tie Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lie-nv-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lie-nv-zhuan" >Lie Nü Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guliang-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guliang-zhuan" >Guliang Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gongyang-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gongyang-zhuan" >Gongyang Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="han-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="han-shu" >Han Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qian-han-ji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="qian-han-ji" >Qian Han Ji</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dong-guan-han-ji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="dong-guan-han-ji" >Dong Guan Han Ji</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="hou-han-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="hou-han-shu" >Hou Han Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhushu-jinian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhushu-jinian" >Zhushu Jinian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mutianzi-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="mutianzi-zhuan" >Mutianzi Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gu-san-fen" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gu-san-fen" >Gu San Fen</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yandanzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yandanzi" >Yandanzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="xijing-zaji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="xijing-zaji" >Xijing Zaji</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47093" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47093" href="ancient-classics" >Ancient Classics</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47370&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="book-of-poetry" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="book-of-poetry" >Book of Poetry</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47372&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shang-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shang-shu" >Shang Shu</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47374&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="book-of-changes" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="book-of-changes" >Book of Changes</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="rites-of-zhou" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="rites-of-zhou" >The Rites of Zhou</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="chu-ci" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="chu-ci" >Chu Ci</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yili" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yili" >Yili</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shan-hai-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shan-hai-jing" >Shan Hai Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jiaoshi-yilin" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jiaoshi-yilin" >Jiaoshi Yilin</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jingshi-yizhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jingshi-yizhuan" >Jingshi Yizhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shishuo" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shishuo" >Shi Shuo</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47104" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47104" href="etymology" >Etymology</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shuo-wen-jie-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shuo-wen-jie-zi" >Shuo Wen Jie Zi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="er-ya" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="er-ya" >Er Ya</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41630&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shi-ming" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shi-ming" >Shi Ming</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=108158&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="fang-yan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="fang-yan" >Fang Yan</a><br /> 　<a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m279526" href="jijiupian" >Ji Jiu Pian</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x80226" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m80226" href="chinese-medicine" >Chinese Medicine</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="huangdi-neijing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="huangdi-neijing" >Huangdi Neijing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="nan-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="nan-jing" >Nan Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shang-han-lun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shang-han-lun" >Shang Han Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinkui-yaolue" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jinkui-yaolue" >Jinkui Yaolue</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x82944" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m82944" href="excavated-texts" >Excavated texts</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guodian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guodian" >Guodian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mawangdui" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="mawangdui" >Mawangdui</a><br /> </span></span> <br /> <div class="menuitem listhead"><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m89488" href="post-han" >Post-Han</a><br /> </div><span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90478" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90478" href="wei-jin-and-north-south" >Wei, Jin, and North-South</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90561&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<a class="menuitem" id="m90479" href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu" >道德真經註</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shi-shuo-xin-yu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shi-shuo-xin-yu" >世說新語</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yan-shi-jia-xun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yan-shi-jia-xun" >顏氏家訓</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wenxin-diaolong" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="wenxin-diaolong" >文心雕龍</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="baopuzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="baopuzi" >抱朴子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="renwuzhi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="renwuzhi" >人物志</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinlouzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="jinlouzi" >金樓子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shui-jing-zhu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shui-jing-zhu" >水經注</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shen-xian-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shen-xian-zhuan" >神仙傳</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="sanguozhi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="sanguozhi" >三國志</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gaoshizhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="gaoshizhuan" >高士傳</a><br /> 　<a class="menuitem" id="m649377" href="shenyijing" >神異經</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dongmingji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="dongmingji" >洞冥記</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x278826" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m278826" href="sui-tang" >Sui-Tang</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qunshu-zhiyao" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="qunshu-zhiyao" >群書治要</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yiwen-leiju" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yiwen-leiju" >藝文類聚</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="tongdian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="tongdian" >通典</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yilin" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yilin" >意林</a><br /> 　<a class="menuitem" id="m649043" href="yinfujing" >黃帝陰符經</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90471" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90471" href="song-ming" >Song-Ming</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90476&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="si-shu-zhang-ju-ji-zhu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="si-shu-zhang-ju-ji-zhu" >四書章句集注</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90742&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90563" href="three-character-classic" >Three Character Classic</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lunyu-zhushu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="lunyu-zhushu" >論語注疏</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="xiyouji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="xiyouji" >西遊記</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="sanguo-yanyi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="sanguo-yanyi" >Romance of the Three Kingdoms</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinpingmei" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="jinpingmei" >金瓶梅</a><br /> 　<div 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class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="taiping-guangji" >太平廣記</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhuzi-yulei" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="zhuzi-yulei" >朱子語類</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yingwengong" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yingwengong" >宋景文公筆記</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qijing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="qijing" >棋經</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yulizi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yulizi" 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Scholars</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90473" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90473" href="republican-era" >Republican era</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=52382&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mo-jing-jiao-shi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="mo-jing-jiao-shi" >墨經校釋</a><br /> </span></span> <div class="menuitem listhead opt"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="notes">Notes</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="resource.pl?node=3925&if=en">Resources</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="dictionary.pl?if=en">Dictionary</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="discuss.pl?if=en">Discussion</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="library.pl?if=en">Library</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="wiki.pl?if=en">Wiki</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="datawiki.pl?if=en">Data Wiki</a></div></div> <div id="search"> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="text.pl"> Search <select name="node" class="booklistbox"><option value="3925" >Pre-Qin and Han</option> <option value="47084" >Confucianism</option> <option value="1081" > The Analects</option> <option value="1602" > Mengzi</option> <option value="9479" > Liji</option> <option value="12245" > Xunzi</option> <option value="20992" > Xiao Jing</option> <option value="21511" > Shuo Yuan</option> <option value="22853" > Chun Qiu Fan Lu</option> <option value="39642" > Han Shi Wai Zhuan</option> <option value="44430" > Da Dai Li Ji</option> <option value="52839" > Bai Hu Tong</option> <option value="53345" > Xin Shu</option> <option value="53728" > Xin Xu</option> <option value="60991" > Yangzi Fayan</option> <option value="83378" > Zhong Lun</option> <option value="84338" > Kongzi Jiayu</option> <option value="84867" > Qian Fu Lun</option> <option value="280221" > Lunheng</option> <option value="283871" > Tai Xuan Jing</option> <option value="284846" > Fengsu Tongyi</option> <option value="285366" > Kongcongzi</option> <option value="601774" > Shen Jian</option> <option value="646727" > Zhong Jing</option> <option value="646765" > Su Shu</option> <option value="646861" > Xin Yu</option> <option value="646956" > Du Duan</option> <option value="648405" > Cai Zhong Lang Ji</option> <option value="47085" >Mohism</option> <option value="101" > Mozi</option> <option value="37562" > Mo Bian Zhu Xu</option> <option value="47086" >Daoism</option> <option value="2712" > Zhuangzi</option> <option value="11591" > Dao De Jing</option> <option value="37397" > Liezi</option> <option value="50769" > He Guan Zi</option> <option value="58487" > Wenzi</option> <option value="279897" > Wen Shi Zhen Jing</option> <option value="285604" > Lie Xian Zhuan</option> <option value="647075" > Yuzi</option> <option value="648877" > Heshanggong Laozi</option> <option value="47087" >Legalism</option> <option value="1879" > Hanfeizi</option> <option value="47107" > Shang Jun Shu</option> <option value="47108" > Shen Bu Hai</option> <option value="47109" > Shenzi</option> <option value="47384" > Jian Zhu Ke Shu</option> <option value="48150" > Guanzi</option> <option value="47088" >School of Names</option> <option value="11553" > Gongsunlongzi</option> <option value="47089" >School of the Military</option> <option value="20908" > The Art of War</option> <option value="41678" > Wu Zi</option> <option value="41730" > Liu Tao</option> <option value="43273" > Si Ma Fa</option> <option value="43348" > Wei Liao Zi</option> <option value="50828" > Three Strategies</option> <option value="47090" >Mathematics</option> <option value="45173" > Hai Dao Suan Jing</option> <option value="51058" > The Nine Chapters</option> <option value="52053" > Sunzi Suan Jing</option> <option value="59424" > Zhou Bi Suan Jing</option> <option value="47091" >Miscellaneous Schools</option> <option value="3022" > Huainanzi</option> <option value="23107" > Lü Shi Chun Qiu</option> <option value="39963" > Gui Gu Zi</option> <option value="41543" > Yin Wen Zi</option> <option value="41632" > Deng Xi Zi</option> <option value="47092" >Histories</option> <option value="4474" > Shiji</option> <option value="16949" > Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan</option> <option value="24161" > Lost Book of Zhou</option> <option value="24449" > Guo Yu</option> <option value="43540" > Yanzi Chun Qiu</option> <option value="47648" > Wu Yue Chun Qiu</option> <option value="49118" > Yue Jue Shu</option> <option value="49462" > Zhan Guo Ce</option> <option value="52405" > Yan Tie Lun</option> <option value="53989" > Lie Nü Zhuan</option> <option value="55039" > Guliang Zhuan</option> <option value="56444" > Gongyang Zhuan</option> <option value="61664" > Han Shu</option> <option value="68780" > Qian Han Ji</option> <option value="69121" > Dong Guan Han Ji</option> <option value="71480" > Hou Han Shu</option> <option value="282742" > Zhushu Jinian</option> <option value="283502" > Mutianzi Zhuan</option> <option value="646779" > Gu San Fen</option> <option value="647105" > Yandanzi</option> <option value="647120" > Xijing Zaji</option> <option value="47093" >Ancient Classics</option> <option value="13985" > Book of Poetry</option> <option value="21030" > Shang Shu</option> <option value="25002" > Book of Changes</option> <option value="36554" > The Rites of Zhou</option> <option value="51791" > Chu Ci</option> <option value="54566" > Yili</option> <option value="83479" > Shan Hai Jing</option> <option value="85326" > Jiaoshi Yilin</option> <option value="280082" > Jingshi Yizhuan</option> <option value="283542" > Shi Shuo</option> <option value="47104" >Etymology</option> <option value="26160" > Shuo Wen Jie Zi</option> <option value="37567" > Er Ya</option> <option value="40087" > Shi Ming</option> <option value="45207" > Fang Yan</option> <option value="279526" > Ji Jiu Pian</option> <option value="80226" >Chinese Medicine</option> <option value="80228" > Huangdi Neijing</option> <option value="81934" > Nan Jing</option> <option value="281911" > Shang Han Lun</option> <option value="647268" > Jinkui Yaolue</option> <option value="82944" >Excavated texts</option> <option value="82945" > Guodian</option> <option value="82987" > Mawangdui</option> <option value="89488" >Post-Han</option> <option value="90478" >Wei, Jin, and North-South</option> <option value="90479" > 道德真經註</option> <option value="90746" > 世說新語</option> <option value="91913" > 顏氏家訓</option> <option value="108160" > 文心雕龍</option> <option value="277835" > 抱朴子</option> <option value="279273" > 人物志</option> <option value="287513" > 金樓子</option> <option value="568082" > 水經注</option> <option value="585926" > 神仙傳</option> <option value="601873" > 三國志</option> <option value="604745" > 高士傳</option> <option value="649377" > 神異經</option> <option value="649426" > 洞冥記</option> <option value="278826" >Sui-Tang</option> <option value="278827" > 群書治要</option> <option value="539864" > 藝文類聚</option> <option value="552245" > 通典</option> <option value="566532" > 意林</option> <option value="649043" > 黃帝陰符經</option> <option value="90471" >Song-Ming</option> <option value="89489" > 四書章句集注</option> <option value="90563" > Three Character Classic</option> <option value="92202" > 論語注疏</option> <option value="93274" > 西遊記</option> <option value="97135" > Romance of the Three Kingdoms</option> <option value="100830" > 金瓶梅</option> <option value="285817" > 封神演義</option> <option value="288029" > 廣韻</option> <option value="361551" > 孝經注疏</option> <option value="361857" > 太平御覽</option> <option value="570777" > 太平廣記</option> <option value="586142" > 朱子語類</option> <option value="649226" > 宋景文公筆記</option> <option value="649494" > 棋經</option> <option value="649521" > 郁離子</option> <option value="90472" >Qing</option> <option value="10473" > Mozi Jiangu</option> <option value="103345" > Hong Lou Meng</option> <option value="108540" > Quan Tang Shi</option> <option value="317453" > Kangxi Zidian</option> <option value="565462" > The Scholars</option> <option value="90473" >Republican era</option> <option value="52326" > 墨經校釋</option> </select> for:<br /> <input type="hidden" name="if" id="if" value="en" /> <input type="text" name="searchu" size="20" value="" class="searchbox" /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> <span class="etext"><a href="search.pl?if=en">Advanced</a></span></form> </div> <div id="searchbooks"> <a href="searchbooks.pl?if=en">Title search</a><span class="opt">:<br /> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="searchbooks.pl"> <input type="hidden" name="if" value="en" /> <input type="text" name="searchu" size="20" value="" class="searchbox" /><br /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </form> </span></div> <script type="text/javascript"> function applyfilter(topicid) { var x=document.getElementById("categoriesform"); var y=document.getElementById("filtervalue"); y.value = topicid; x.submit(); } </script> <div id="logininfo"> <a href="account.pl?if=en&return=%2Ftools%2Fapi" rel="nofollow">Log in</a></div> </div> <div id="content"><div class="noprint opt" style="height: 47px; margin: 5px; float: right; text-align: right;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Chinese-Text-Project/112118272147647" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/facebook.gif" border="0" width="44" height="44" alt="Follow us on Facebook to receive important updates" title="Follow us on Facebook to receive important updates" /></a> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/chinesetextproj" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/twitter.gif" width="45" height="44" border="0" alt="Follow us on Twitter to receive important updates" title="Follow us on Twitter to receive important updates" /></a> <a href="http://weibo.com/ctext" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/xinlang.gif" border="0" width="44" height="44" alt="Follow us on sina.com's microblogging site to receive important updates" title="Follow us on sina.com's microblogging site to receive important updates" /></a> <a href="https://site.douban.com/137325/" rel="nofollow"><img src="icons/douban.png" border="0" width="44" height="44" alt="Follow us on Douban to receive important updates" title="Follow us on Douban to receive important updates" /></a></div> <table id="titleline" border="0"> <tr><td valign="top"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="https://ctext.org/" class="sprite-logo" title="Chinese Text Project" >Chinese Text Project<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td> <td valign="middle"><font size="+3">Chinese Text Project</font></td> </tr> </table> <div id="ad2"> <table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td></td><td align="right"></td></tr></table></div> <script type="text/javascript"> var tids=document.getElementById('m651604'); if(tids) { tids.className = 'menuselected'; } var tids2=document.getElementById('x80199'); if(tids2) { tids2.setAttribute('class','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.setAttribute('className','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('span')[0].style.display="inline"; } var tids2=document.getElementById('x4463'); if(tids2) { tids2.setAttribute('class','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.setAttribute('className','sprite-unexpand'); tids2.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('span')[0].style.display="inline"; } </script> <div id="content3"><h2>CTP API</h2> <p>The Chinese Text Project Application Programming Interface (CTP API) provides methods for integrating content and functionality of the CTP with other web-based or web-aware sites and applications. The API consists of two main components: a <a href="tools/api#plugin">plugin API</a> which integrates external functionality into the CTP, and a <a href="tools/api#JSON">JSON API</a> which allows CTP functionality to be integrated into external sites.</p> <p>This page contains technical documentation for those interested in creating their own plugins. If you would like to learn how to use existing plugins from a user perspective, you may wish to read the <a href="tools/plugins">Plugins</a> page first.</p> <h3 id="plugin">Plugin API</h3> <p>The plugin API defines functional link points within the CTP, allowing these to be connected to external websites and user-defined tools. Users can then choose to <a href="tools/plugins">install these plugins</a> without requiring technical knowledge. Some examples of existing plugins are shown below. </p> <table class="restable"><tr><th class="colhead">Plugin</th><th class="colhead">Description</th><th class="colhead">Type</th><th class="colhead">Example</th><th class="colhead">Install</th></tr><tr><td class="resrow">Text tools</td><td class="resrow">Tools for textual analysis.</td><td class="resrow"><abbr title="A chapter or section of a text">chapter</abbr>, <abbr title="A top-level textual item such as a book">book</abbr></td><td class="resrow"> [<a href="https://ctext.org/plugins/texttools/#ngram|urn=ctp:analects/xue-er" target="_blank">Text tools</a>] </td><td class="resrow">[<a href="account.pl?if=en&installplugin=https%3A%2F%2Fctext%2Eorg%2Fplugins%2Ftexttools%2Fplugin%2Exml" rel="nofollow">Install</a>]</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">Annotate</td><td class="resrowalt">Tools for textual annotation.</td><td class="resrowalt"><abbr title="A chapter or section of a text">chapter</abbr></td><td class="resrowalt"> [<a href="https://ctext.org/plugins/annotate/#urn=ctp:analects/xue-er|if=en" target="_blank">Annotate</a>] </td><td class="resrowalt">[<a href="account.pl?if=en&installplugin=http%3A%2F%2Fctext%2Eorg%2Fplugins%2Fannotate%2Fplugin%2Exml" rel="nofollow">Install</a>]</td></tr><tr><td class="resrow">Text tools (beta version)</td><td class="resrow">Tools for textual analysis (beta version).</td><td class="resrow"><abbr title="A chapter or section of a text">chapter</abbr>, <abbr title="A top-level textual item such as a book">book</abbr></td><td class="resrow"> [<a href="https://ctext.org/plugins/texttoolsbeta/#ngram|urn=ctp:analects/xue-er" target="_blank">Text tools (beta version)</a>] </td><td class="resrow">[<a href="account.pl?if=en&installplugin=https%3A%2F%2Fctext%2Eorg%2Fplugins%2Ftexttoolsbeta%2Fplugin%2Exml" rel="nofollow">Install</a>]</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">Plain text</td><td class="resrowalt">Export as plain text.</td><td class="resrowalt"><abbr title="A top-level textual item such as a book">book</abbr>, <abbr title="A chapter or section of a text">chapter</abbr></td><td class="resrowalt"> [<a href="http://ctext.org/plugins/textexport/#en||ctp:analects/xue-er" target="_blank">Plain text</a>] </td><td class="resrowalt">[<a href="account.pl?if=en&installplugin=http%3A%2F%2Fctext%2Eorg%2Fplugins%2Ftextexport%2Fplugin%2Exml" rel="nofollow">Install</a>]</td></tr><tr><td class="resrow">TextRef</td><td class="resrow">List editions of a title on TextRef.org.</td><td class="resrow"><abbr title="A top-level textual item such as a book">book</abbr></td><td class="resrow"> [<a href="https://textref.org/textref.pl?method=search&title=論語" target="_blank">TextRef</a>] </td><td class="resrow">[<a href="account.pl?if=en&installplugin=http%3A%2F%2Fctext%2Eorg%2Fplugins%2Ftextref%2Fplugin%2Exml" rel="nofollow">Install</a>]</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">MHDB</td><td class="resrowalt">MHDB character lookup.</td><td class="resrowalt"><abbr title="A single Chinese character">character</abbr>, <abbr title="A single dictionary word">word</abbr></td><td class="resrowalt"> [<a href="http://mhdb.mh.sinica.edu.tw/dictionary/search.php?searchStr=%E4%BB%81&titleOnlyBtn=true" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">MHDB</a>] </td><td class="resrowalt">[<a href="account.pl?if=en&installplugin=http%3A%2F%2Fmhdb%2Emh%2Esinica%2Eedu%2Etw%2Fdictionary%2Fplugin%2Exml" rel="nofollow">Install</a>]</td></tr></table> <p>[<a href="tools/plugins/list">More...</a>]</p> <p>Technically, a plugin is a description in XML of a programmatic way of linking to an external resource. Plugins must be valid XML conforming to the <a href="plugins/ctpplugin.dtd">CTPPlugin DTD</a>. An example plugin XML file is as follows: <pre> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE CTPPlugin PUBLIC "CTPPlugin" "http://ctext.org/plugins/ctpplugin.dtd"> <CTPPlugin xmlns="http://schema.ctext.org/Plugin"> <Plugin> <ShortName xml:lang="en">Plain text</ShortName> <ShortName xml:lang="zh">全文輸出</ShortName> <Description xml:lang="en">Export a chapter as plain text.</Description> <Description xml:lang="zh">輸出原典全文。</Description> <Url template="https://ctext.org/plugins/textexport/#{textRef}" pluginType="chapter" fieldEncoding="utf8" method="get" /> <Update src="https://ctext.org/plugins/textexport/plugin.xml" /> </Plugin> </CTPPlugin> </pre> The XML source of the current version of this plugin can be downloaded from the <a href="https://ctext.org/plugins/textexport/plugin.xml">specified update URL</a>. </p> <p>To create your own plugin, start with this template and modify the appropriate elements as follows: <ul> <li><b>ShortName</b> - a name to use as the title of your plugin. Maximum 20 characters.</li> <li><b>Description</b> - a description of the main purpose of your plugin. Maximum 250 characters.</li> <li><b>URL</b> - describes a schematic URL to GET or POST to execute this plugin. Attributes for this element: <ul> <li><b>template</b> (required) - a schema into which data is inserted as described below.</li> <li><b>pluginType</b> (required) - a comma separated list of the types of data this plugin can accept. Valid values are "character", "word", "string", "chapter" and "book". </li> <li><b>fieldEncoding</b> - one of the following values: <table> <tr><th class="colhead">Value</th><th class="colhead">Meaning</th><th class="colhead">Example (仁)</th></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">utf8 (default)</td><td class="resrow">UTF-8 encoding</td><td class="resrow">%E4%BB%81</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrowalt">gb</td><td class="resrow">GB18030 encoding</td><td class="resrow">%C8%CA</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">big5</td><td class="resrow">Big5 encoding</td><td class="resrow">%A4%AF</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrowalt">big5.hex</td><td class="resrow">Big5 encoding, expressed as lowercase hexadecimal<sup>*</sup></td><td class="resrow">a4af</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">big5.HEX</td><td class="resrow">Big5 encoding, expressed as uppercase hexadecimal<sup>*</sup></td><td class="resrow">A4AF</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrowalt">codepoint.hex</td><td class="resrow">Unicode codepoint, expressed as lowercase hexadecimal<sup>*</sup></td><td class="resrow">4ec1</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">codepoint.HEX</td><td class="resrow">Unicode codepoint, expressed as uppercase hexadecimal<sup>*</sup></td><td class="resrow">4EC1</td></tr> </table> <sup>*</sup> N.B. "fieldEncoding" values marked with "*" above are only applicable to "character" plugins.</li> <li><b>method</b> - one of "get" (default) or "post".</li> </ul> </li> <li><b>Update</b> - an HTTP resource containing the XML plugin data for this plugin. If present, the src attribute must contain the URL. The Chinese Text Project system will poll this URL at regular intervals; if the code available at this URL changes (and is still a valid CTP Plugin), the plugin will automatically be updated for users who have enabled automatic updates for this plugin.</li> </ul> </p> <p>If you wish to provide different names and descriptions for English and Chinese users, the elements ShortName and Description can be repeated with xml:lang set to "en" for English, and "zh" for Chinese as shown in the above example. </p> <h3>URL schemas</h3> <p>The "template" element of a plugin must contain the "src" attribute, specifying a URL schema allowing the CTP to programmatically generate appropriate links to the specified resource. The "src" attribute contains a URL containing one or more of the following fields, into which are substituted the appropriate data. <table> <tr><th class="colhead">Field</th><th class="colhead">Applicable types</th><th class="colhead">Contents</th><th class="colhead">Example</th></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">searchTerms</td><td class="resrow">character, word, string</td><td class="resrow">One or more Unicode characters.</td><td class="resrow">仁</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrowalt">character.hanyudazidian</td><td class="resrowalt">character</td><td class="resrowalt">The page number on which a character appears in the Hanyu Da Zidian.</td><td class="resrowalt">107</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">character.gsr</td><td class="resrow">character</td><td class="resrow">The page number on which a character appears in Grammata Serica Recensa.</td><td class="resrow">388</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrowalt">textRef</td><td class="resrowalt">book, chapter</td><td class="resrowalt">The CTP URN corresponding to a textual object.</td><td class="resrowalt">ctp:analects/xue-er</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">title</td><td class="resrow">book</td><td class="resrow">The title of a top-level textual object.</td><td class="resrow">韓非子</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrowalt">authority-ctext</td><td class="resrowalt">data</td><td class="resrowalt">The identifier corresponding to an entity or date in the Data Wiki.</td><td class="resrowalt">ctext:291374</td></tr> </table> </p> <h3 id="install">Installing plugins</h3> <p>Each CTP user has their own personal plugin file, which is an XML file consisting of a list of zero or more CTP plugins. You can view and edit your own plugin file via the <a href="account.pl?if=en#plugins">Plugins</a> section of the Settings page. Installing a plugin simply means adding it to a user's plugin file.</p> <p>In order to provide an intuitive user experience for users, a request can be made for a CTP plugin available as an XML file via HTTP to be installed to a user's account by opening a URL in the user's web browser. To request that a user install a particular plugin, first ensure that your plugin code is valid XML, confirms to the CTP plugin format, and is available via HTTP. Then to request that a user installs your plugin, direct the user to a link composed as follows: <pre>https://ctext.org/account.pl?if=en&installplugin=<i>[Plugin URL]</i> </pre> If you wish the user to return to your website after installing the plugin, you may also pass the additional parameter <i>return</i>, with the value set to the URL you wish them to be redirected to after they have installed the plugin.</p> <p>A user following the link and who does not have the specified plugin installed will be given the opportunity to install it. If the user already has the specified plugin installed and a <i>return</i> URL is specified, the user will be redirected to that URL.</p> <p>Please note that, if specified, the <i>return</i> URL must be on the same domain as the referring URL.</p> <h3 id="JSON">JSON API</h3> <p>CTP API functions are primarily intended to be called from client-side JavaScript applications using CORS in conjunction with the Plugin system. Please note that usage restrictions and other terms and conditions apply to all usage of the API.</p> <p>If you would like to write code using the JSON API, please start by reading the <a href="plugins/apilist">documentation</a>. Please note that as this is a pre-release version, functions, parameters, and response formats may change slightly with future updates.</p> <h3 id="urn">CTP URNs</h3> <p>CTP URNs are unique identifiers describing textual items such as books or parts of books. The CTP API deals with textual information by exchanging these identifiers. For example, textual plugins pass a URN to an external website or tool to uniquely identify the textual item that a user wishes to manipulate; this URN can then be passed to JSON API functions to obtain textual data and metadata about the text. API users must treat these as opaque identifiers and must not attempt to parse them in any way, as new identifiers will be created in the future that may be dissimilar to current URNs.</p> <p>Some examples of CTP URNs are: <ul> <li><a href="https://api.ctext.org/getlink?urn=ctp:analects/li-ren&redirect=1">ctp:analects/li-ren</a></li> <li><a href="https://api.ctext.org/getlink?urn=ctp:ws832238&redirect=1">ctp:ws832238</a></li> </ul> As shown in these examples, you can easily transform a CTP URN into a direct link to the corresponding text by linking directly to the <a href="plugins/apilist#getlink">getlink</a> API function with "redirect" set to 1. To obtain the URN corresponding to a https://ctext.org URL programmatically, use the <a href="plugins/apilist#readlink">readlink</a> API function. </p> <h3 id="textformat">Textual data response format</h3> <p>Textual data is obtained by passing a CTP URN to the <a href="plugins/apilist#gettext">gettext</a> function. This function returns one or more of the following three elements: <ul> <li><b>title</b> - the title in Chinese of the requested item.</li> <li><b>fulltext</b> - an ordered list of paragraphs of text.</li> <li><b>subsections</b> - an ordered list of URNs for subsections of the requested item. This element is only available to authenticated users (i.e. subscribers or those accessing with a valid API key).</li> </ul> </p> <p>Requests for chapters of text, e.g. ctp:analects/xue-er, will return a fulltext element, while requests for larger works or parts of larger works, e.g. ctp:analects, will typically return a subsections element if the client is authenticated, or ERR_REQUIRES_AUTHENTICATION if not. </p> <p>If a client application is designed to handle only the "fulltext" element, it should use the "chapter" pluginType only; if it can handle both "fulltext" and "subsections", it should use a pluginType of "book,chapter". </p> <h3 id="errors">Error handling</h3> <p>If an API request cannot be fulfilled, an "error" object is returned in place of the normal response body. This object contains the following fields: </p> <table> <tr><th class="colhead">Field</th><th class="colhead">Content</th></tr> <tr><td class="resrow">code</td><td class="resrow">a constant (see table below) describing the type of error and which does not vary with user interface selection or other factors</td></tr> <tr><td class="resrowalt">description</td><td class="resrow">human readable description of the error in html (which may include links to help pages or resolution methods)</td></tr> </table> <p>Applications should use the "code" field to handle application-specific responses, and display the html-formatted "description" field to the end user where necessary - this is particularly recommended in the case of errors such as ERR_REQUEST_LIMIT that may require end user action to resolve.</p> <p>Possible error codes are as follows:</p> <table><tr><th class="colhead">Code</th><th class="colhead">Example text</th></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED</td><td class="resrowalt">Not supported.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrow">ERR_INVALID_URN</td><td class="resrow">Invalid <a href="https://ctext.org/tools/api#urn">URN</a>.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">ERR_UNDEFINED_URN</td><td class="resrowalt">Resource does not exist.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrow">ERR_MISSING_PARAM</td><td class="resrow">______: Missing required parameter '______'.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">ERR_REQUEST_LIMIT</td><td class="resrowalt">Request limit reached. Please <a href="http://ctext.org/account.pl?if=en">log in</a> to allow access to more data.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrow">ERR_INVALID_VALUE</td><td class="resrow">'______' is not a valid value for parameter '______'.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">ERR_INVALID_PARAM</td><td class="resrowalt">______: '______' is not a valid parameter for this function.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrow">ERR_INVALID_FUNCTION</td><td class="resrow">Unknown function.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">ERR_INVALID_APIKEY</td><td class="resrowalt">The apikey parameter was supplied, but the key was invalid or expired.</td></tr><tr><td class="resrow">ERR_GENERIC</td><td class="resrow">[Some other error condition.]</td></tr><tr><td class="resrowalt">ERR_REQUIRES_AUTHENTICATION</td><td class="resrowalt">The requested function requires authentication to continue. Please access the API from a <a href="http://ctext.org/tools/subscribe">registered IP address</a> or supply a valid API key.</td></tr></table> <h3>Rate limiting</h3> <p>The primary purpose of the CTP API is to allow the creation of client-side applications which extend CTP functionality in innovative ways, and to allow offline use of reasonable amounts of textual data. All users are welcome to make use of the API; however the frequency of API requests for textual data is limited according to user group:</p> <ul> <li><b>Unauthenticated users</b> - Users who have not logged in to an account and are not accessing the site from a subscribing institution will be able to access a limited amount of data.</li> <li><b>CTP account users</b> - Users who are logged in to their CTP account will be able to access to a larger amount of data.</li> <li><b>Institutional <a href="tools/subscribe">subscribers</a></b> - Users accessing the API from registered IP addresses will be granted access as provided by their institutional agreement.</li> </ul> <p>To determine the current status of a user, use the <a href="plugins/apilist#getstatus">getstatus</a> function.</p> <h3 id="libraries">Client libraries</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ctext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ctext</a> - Python library for CTP API access.</li> </ul> <p>A series of tutorials using this module, aimed primarily at newcomers to Python, is available <a href="https://digitalsinology.org/classical-chinese-digital-humanities/">on the Digital Sinology site</a>.</p> <h3>JavaScript access</h3> <p>JavaScript clients can access the API using the Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) mechanism. In order to allow the API server to grant additional access privileges to logged in users, it is recommended that you set the "withCredentials" property of the XMLHttpRequest object to "true" before making your request. For instance: <pre>var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('GET', 'https://api.ctext.org/getstatus', true); xhr.withCredentials = true; xhr.send(null); </pre> </p> </div> <div id="footer"><hr /> <table width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table border="0"><tr><td class="etext"><b>Enjoy<span class="opt"> this site</span>? <a href="help-us">Please help</a>.</b></td><td class="etext"><i>Site design and content <a href="faq#copyright">copyright 2006-2024</a>.<span class="opt"> When quoting or citing information from this site, please link to the corresponding page or to <a href="https://ctext.org">https://ctext.org</a>. 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