Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films, American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, Science Publishing Group

<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films, American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, Science Publishing Group</title> <meta name="description" content="This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using <i>laguminosae-paplionodeae</i> extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells."> <meta name="Keywords" content="Organic Thin Film, Silver Nanoparticles, Titanium Dioxide, Annealing, Blend AgNPs:TiO<sub>2</sub>, Optical Properties"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/js/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <meta name="dc.title" content="Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Sunday Wilson Balogun"><meta name="dc.creator" content="Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid"><meta name="dc.creator" content="Yekini Kolawole Sanusi"><meta name="dc.creator" content="Adedokun Oluwaseun"> <meta name="dc.source" content="American Journal of Nano Research and Applications 2019, Volume 7, Page 1"> <meta name="dc.date" content="2019-04-22"> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11"> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2019 The Author(s)"> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2019 The Author(s)"> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="service@sciencepublishinggroup.com"> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/pdf"> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"> <meta name="dc.description" content="This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using <i>laguminosae-paplionodeae</i> extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells."> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Organic Thin Film"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Silver Nanoparticles"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Titanium Dioxide"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Annealing"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Blend AgNPs:TiO<sub>2</sub>"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Optical Properties"> <meta name="prism.issn" content="2575-3738"> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="American Journal of Nano Research and Applications"> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2019-04-22"> <meta name="prism.volume" content="7"> <meta name="prism.number" content="1"> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="1"> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="5"> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2019 The Author(s)"> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="service@sciencepublishinggroup.com"> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://www.sciencepg.com/article/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11"> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2575-3738"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Nano Research and Applications"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Am. J. Nano Res. Appl."> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/04"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2019/04/22"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="7"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="5"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""> <meta name="citation_language" content="En"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sunday Wilson Balogun"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yekini Kolawole Sanusi"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Adedokun Oluwaseun"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="doi:10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11"> <meta name="citation_id" content="2261089"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/nano.20190701.11"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Atwater H. 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Nanomater. nanotechnol., 2012, Vol. 2, Art. 8: 2012."><meta name="citation_reference" content="Eric M. A (1998). Synthesis and Growth of ZnO Nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 5566-5572."> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/nano.20190701.11"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.sciencepg.com/article/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11"> <meta property="og:title" content="Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films"> <meta property="og:description" content="This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using <i>laguminosae-paplionodeae</i> extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells."> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/font.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/common.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/selectJournalForm.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/all.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/problem_feedback.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <script src="/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script src="/js/clipboard/clipboard.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script src="/js/common.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.sticky-sidebar.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script src="/js/customsize-validate.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script src="/ajax/libs/layer/layer.min.js?v=20241122084834"></script> <script 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left"> <input type="hidden" id="articleUniqueID" value="j.nano.20190701.11"> <div class="article_header"> <div class="article_header_top"> <a href="/journal/226/open-access" target="_blank"><img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa"></a> <span>|</span> <a href="/journal/226/peer-review-at-sciencepg" style="color: #00599c; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">Peer-Reviewed</a> </div> <h3 class="ArticleTitle">Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films</h3> <div class="article_author"> <span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author0" class="AuthorName" >Sunday Wilson Balogun</a>,  <div class="author_item person-info" id="author0" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Sunday Wilson Balogun</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria</p> </div> </span><span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author1" class="AuthorName" >Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid</a>,  <div class="author_item person-info" id="author1" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Physics, School of Science, Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria</p> </div> </span><span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author2" class="AuthorName" >Yekini Kolawole Sanusi</a>,  <div class="author_item person-info" id="author2" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Yekini Kolawole Sanusi</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria</p> </div> </span><span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author3" class="AuthorName" >Adedokun Oluwaseun</a> <div class="author_item person-info" id="author3" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Adedokun Oluwaseun</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria</p> </div> </span> </div> <div class="published"> <span>Published in </span> <a href="/journal/226/home" target="_blank"><i>American Journal of Nano Research and Applications</i></a> (<a href="/journal/226/archive/2260701" target="_blank">Volume 7, Issue 1</a>) </div> <div class="article_time"> <span>Received: </span>16 February 2019     <span>Accepted: </span>26 March 2019     <span>Published: </span>22 April 2019 </div> <div class="vd"> <input type="hidden" id="downloadTotalizationUrl" value="https://w.sciencepublishinggroup.com/"> <span>Views:</span> <span class="spanViews"></span>      <span>Downloads:</span> <span class="spanDownloads"></span> </div> <div class="operation clearfix"> <div class="view_more left"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="downLoadArticle(10037594, "https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", '.spanDownloads', "https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", "pdf\/nano.20190701.11", false)" > <i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>Download PDF </a> </div>  <div class="add_ope share_btn left"> <a href="javascript:;" id="toggleButton"> <img src="/img/share_icon.png">Share This Article </a> <div class="share_item toggle-div" id="myDiv"> <div class="s-popup__arrow"></div> <div class="share_list"> <ul> <li> <a id="twitterUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/twitter_icon.png">Twitter</a> </li> <li> <a id="linkedInUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/LinkedIn_icon.png">Linked In</a> </li> <li> <a id="facebookUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/facebook_icon.png">Facebook</a> </li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> var twitterUrl = "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + twitterUrlEncode("Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films"); twitterUrl += "&hashtags=" + twitterUrlEncode("Science Publishing Group"); twitterUrl += "&url=" + twitterUrlEncode(location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.nano.20190701.11"); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title=" + encodeURIComponent("Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films"); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent("&source=" + location.origin + "&summary=" + getMoreContentShow("This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin\u2013coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using <i>laguminosae-paplionodeae<\/i> extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO<sub>2<\/sub>:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50\u00B0C to 425\u00B0C with 10\u00B0C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375\u00B0C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO<sub>2<\/sub>:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 \u2009rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115\u2009nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375\u00B0C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375\u00B0C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells.", 200)) linkedInUrl += "&url=" + encodeURIComponent(location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.nano.20190701.11"); var facebookUrl = "https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" + location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.nano.20190701.11"; </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_body"> <div class="section" id="abstract"> <div class="Abatract">Abstract</div> <p class="AbatractContent">This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using <i>laguminosae-paplionodeae</i> extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO<sub>2</sub>:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells.</p> </div> <div class="article_basic_info"> <table> <tr> <td> <span>Published in</span> </td> <td> <a href="/journal/226/home" target="_blank"><i>American Journal of Nano Research and Applications</i></a> (<a href="/journal/226/archive/2260701" target="_blank">Volume 7, Issue 1</a>) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>DOI</span> </td> <td> <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11" target="_blank">10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Page(s)</span> </td> <td>1-5</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Creative Commons</span> </td> <td> <p class="basic_copyright"><img src="/img/copyright_icon2.png"></p> <p>This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Copyright</span> </td> <td> <p>Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pre_next_article clearfix"> <div class="pre"> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.nano.s.2017050301.24"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-left"></i><span>Previous article</span></a> </div> <div class="next"> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.12"><span>Next article</span><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="keywords"> <div class="Keywords">Keywords</div> <p class="KeywordsContent">Organic Thin Film, Silver Nanoparticles, Titanium Dioxide, Annealing, Blend AgNPs:TiO<sub>2</sub>, Optical Properties</p> </div> <div class="section" id="references"> <div class="Heading1">References</div> <div class="references"> <table class="normal_table"> <tbody> <tr class="References"> <td>[1] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Atwater H. A., Polman A. (2010). Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices. 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Kim D., Lee K., Spiecker E., Schmuki p. (2010). TiO2 nanotubes and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nanoscale., 2, 45. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[7] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Linsebigler A. L., LuG., J. T. Yates J. T. (1995). Photocatalysis on TiOn Surfaces: Principles, Mechanisms, and Selected Results. Chem. Rev. 95, 735-758. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[8] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Fujishima A., Honda K. (1972). TiO2 photoelectrochemistry and photocatalysis. Nature. Vol. 238, pp 37–38. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[9] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Wang X, Fujimaki M, Awazu K. (2005). "Photonic crystal structures in titanium dioxide (TiO2) and their optimal design," Opt. Express 13, 1486-1497. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[10] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> M. Anpo, Catal. (1997). Photocatalysis on titanium oxide catalysts: Approaches in achieving highly efficient reactions and realizing the use of visible light, Surv. Jpn Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp 169–179. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[11] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Kim H. M., KokuboT., MiyajiF., NakamuraT. (1996). JBiomed. Mater. Res. 32, 409. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[12] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Mann S. (2001). Biomineralization: Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistry (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford). </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[13] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Abhishek G., Sharad V., Pramod K. S., Nitin K. (2011). Formulation, Characterization and Application on Nanoparticle: A Review Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2 (2): 17-26 www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[14] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Saravanana P., Ganapathyb M., Charlesc A., Tamilselvana S., Jeyasekarand R., Vimalane M. (2016). Electrical properties of green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 7 (3): 158-168 www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[15] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Sakshum K., Kushagra K., Gauravi X., Prakhar K. (2016). Plasmonic Study of Nanoparticles in Organic Photovoltic Cells: A Review. J Org Inorg Chem., 3: 1 DOI: 10.21767/2472-1123.100022. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[16] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Bardaxoglou G., Rouleau C., Pelletier E. (2017). High Stability and Very Slow Dissolution of Bare and Polymer Coated Silver Nanoparticles Dispersed In River and Coastal Waters. J AquatPollutToxicol. Vol. 1 No. 2: 15. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[17] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Picconi F. F, Gottshalk F, Seeger S, Nowark B (2012). Industrial production quantities and uses of ten ingineered nanomaterials in Europe and the world. J Nanopart Res 14: 1-11. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[18] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Echegoyen Y, Nerín C (2013) Nanoparticle release from nano-silver antimicrobial food containers. Food ChemToxicol 62: 16-22. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[19] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Mackevica A, Olsson ME, Hansen SF (2017). The release of silver nanoparticles from commercial toothbrushes. J Hazard Mater 322: 270-275. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[20] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Matsuhisa N, Inoue D, Zalar P, Jin H, Matsuba Y, et al. (2017). Printable elastic conductors by in situ formation of silver nanoparticles from silver flakes. Nat Mater 16: 834-840. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[21] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Reidy B, Haase A, Luch A, Dawson KA, Lynch I (2015) Mechanisms of silver nanoparticles release, transformation and toxicity: A critical review of current knowledge and recommendations for future studies and applications. Materials 6: 2295-2350. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[22] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Huang L, Dai T, Xuan Y, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR (2011) Synergistic combination of chitosan acetate with nanoparticle silver as a topical antimicrobial: Efficacy against bacterial burn infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 3432-3438. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[23] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Le Ouay B, Stellacci F (2015). Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles: A surface science insight. Nano Today 10: 339-354. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[24] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Vasireddy R, Paul R., Krishna M. A (2012). Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and the Study of Optical Properties. Nanomater. nanotechnol., 2012, Vol. 2, Art. 8: 2012. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[25] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Eric M. A (1998). Synthesis and Growth of ZnO Nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 5566-5572. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="cite_this_article" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <div class="Heading1" style="margin-bottom: 26px;">Cite This Article</div> <div class="cite_article"> <div class="mt-tabpage" js-tab="2"> <div class="mt-tabpage-title"> <a class="mt-tabpage-item mt-tabpage-item-cur">Plain Text</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">BibTeX</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">RIS</a> </div> <div class="mt-tabpage-count"> <ul class="mt-tabpage-cont__wrap"> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">APA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info apa-copy-src">Sunday Wilson Balogun, Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adedokun Oluwaseun. (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films. <i>American Journal of Nano Research and Applications</i>, <i>7</i>(1), 1-5. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11'>https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="apa-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".apa-copy-src" href="javascript:;" ><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.apa.txt", '.apa-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">ACS Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info acs-copy-src">Sunday Wilson Balogun; Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid; Yekini Kolawole Sanusi; Adedokun Oluwaseun. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films. <i>Am. J. Nano Res. Appl.</i> <b>2019</b>, <i>7</i>(1), 1-5. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="acs-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".acs-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.acs.txt", '.acs-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">AMA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info ama-copy-src">Sunday Wilson Balogun, Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adedokun Oluwaseun. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films. <i>Am J Nano Res Appl</i>. 2019;7(1):1-5. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-src main_content_citetext">@article{10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11, author = {Sunday Wilson Balogun and Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid and Yekini Kolawole Sanusi and Adedokun Oluwaseun}, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films}, journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11}, abstract = {This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using laguminosae-paplionodeae extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO2:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO2:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells.}, year = {2019} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.bib", '.bib-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-src main_content_citetext">TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films AU - Sunday Wilson Balogun AU - Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid AU - Yekini Kolawole Sanusi AU - Adedokun Oluwaseun Y1 - 2019/04/22 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11 DO - 10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11 T2 - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications JF - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications JO - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3738 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11 AB - This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using laguminosae-paplionodeae extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO2:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO2:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells. VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.ris", '.ris-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="author_information" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 50px;"> <div class="Heading1" style="margin-bottom: 26px;">Author Information</div> <div class="author_information"> <ul> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Sunday Wilson Balogun</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria</p> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Physics, School of Science, Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria</p> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Yekini Kolawole Sanusi</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Physics and Materials Science, Kwara State University Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria</p> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Adedokun Oluwaseun</p> <p class="Affiliation">Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria</p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_position right"> <div class="article_content_right"> <div class="toggle-close clearfix"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></div> <input type="hidden" id="articleID" value="10037594"> <div class="right_content_btn download_right"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="downLoadArticle(10037594, "https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", '.spanDownloads', 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href="javascript:;" class="mt-tabpage-item">BibTeX</a> <a href="javascript:;" class="mt-tabpage-item">RIS</a> </div> <div class="mt-tabpage-count_puple puple_cite"> <ul class="mt-tabpage-cont__wrap"> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">APA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info apa-copy-pop-src">Sunday Wilson Balogun, Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adedokun Oluwaseun. (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films. <i>American Journal of Nano Research and Applications</i>, <i>7</i>(1), 1-5. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11'>https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="apa-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".apa-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.apa.txt", '.apa-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">ACS Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info acs-copy-pop-src">Sunday Wilson Balogun; Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid; Yekini Kolawole Sanusi; Adedokun Oluwaseun. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films. <i>Am. J. Nano Res. Appl.</i> <b>2019</b>, <i>7</i>(1), 1-5. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="acs-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".acs-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.acs.txt", '.acs-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">AMA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info ama-copy-pop-src">Sunday Wilson Balogun, Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid, Yekini Kolawole Sanusi, Adedokun Oluwaseun. Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films. <i>Am J Nano Res Appl</i>. 2019;7(1):1-5. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-pop-src">@article{10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11, author = {Sunday Wilson Balogun and Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid and Yekini Kolawole Sanusi and Adedokun Oluwaseun}, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films}, journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11}, abstract = {This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using laguminosae-paplionodeae extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO2:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO2:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells.}, year = {2019} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.bib", '.bib-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-pop-src">TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films AU - Sunday Wilson Balogun AU - Afolabi Bola Abdulhamid AU - Yekini Kolawole Sanusi AU - Adedokun Oluwaseun Y1 - 2019/04/22 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11 DO - 10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11 T2 - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications JF - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications JO - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3738 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20190701.11 AB - This research investigates effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of titanium dioxide loaded with silver nanoparticles (TiO2: AgNPs) thin films deposited on glass substrate by spin–coating technique. Silver nanoparticles was prepared using laguminosae-paplionodeae extracts as a reducing agent for silver nitrate and commercially available titanium (iv) oxide was used. Deposition of TiO2:AgNPs blend solution was done in different volume ratio. The blend solution volume ratio of (1:0.2) was deposited at 7 different thicknesses with different speed of revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30 seconds. Annealing of 16 samples deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate was carried out at temperature range of 50°C to 425°C with 10°C interval in a tubular furnance. It is observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375°C in the visible range of the wavelength spectrum. Optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO2:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. Optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at annealed temperature of 375°C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 a u. The band gap energy of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375°C in the visible range of wavelength spectrum. It is revealed from the result that the light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (iv) oxide film could be enhanced using silver nanoparticles. The results can be therefore used as a guideline for improving the design and fabrication of organic solar cells. VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.nano.20190701.11.ris", '.ris-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="downloadValidationModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalScrollableTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-scrollable modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title">Verification Code</h5> <button type="button" class="close" 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Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium (iv) Oxide Loaded with Silver Nano Particles Thin Films, American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, Science Publishing Group