CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.sagepub.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9135b1260c26ce4b',cH: 'yQDjpqEApIphakLxYbq9WD0BwL7BiWgyvqGvMi0Nz8g-1739794412-1.2.1.1-dDIZ92N4cwMWDvo_EaHSTEU_a_EqdThRrwMWjsSEWatjWtjEGcmgd3O1UwRUeNEX',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/2321023017727968?__cf_chl_tk=InXVUv7BbB0Tu59Rrf0W6olalpJKQHJkINfqc8WvzfE-1739794412-1.0.1.1-5aVDVz58C9BlrLgpJ16Q.Sbno2dMRyIrn1n87YSGZuQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794412',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/2321023017727968?__cf_chl_f_tk=InXVUv7BbB0Tu59Rrf0W6olalpJKQHJkINfqc8WvzfE-1739794412-1.0.1.1-5aVDVz58C9BlrLgpJ16Q.Sbno2dMRyIrn1n87YSGZuQ",md: "XYr_LDkKkAiodNJcJ76BT_fgYr1PkbQyUNzdUpbQZLA-1739794412-1.2.1.1-eNiVZywcLdBr4L0H9.6HgFaK9mGcSZ37GJKjSWSRUKJv2zggs8jwX7dJKIipW.1._NXmQIJjcUJ1ZXV72DTBhu4zASlBRLwlzICCyv06RonuNgO0IP7CrHta3jt_OqNVoXUruzfTjOyOJri8s4SF5l7TwFmmqn44LmvIFhZMENVSnzsZOkTmFG76elPeYungnCzTLnWfsnablJ3pGIV4yTOc07hoOB.Ah7nE0CexhmjxsN7HCJX8JrGPeACIlGkaxP5EQMeexiTYUsAkfbnTVrlJzyRkLDmT8B.1wv07ilnpTGJasKjCnSmsSUQLUdb9fwn7V14b2Jq0QSko9I0H9XKgF1uFftWW9uCKDfbaWr9nodw_0hVuU_6xUGzdf5haF.y7maieZzbXml5XVnQPNunyf316RrGAi5QLA.GW_Y5fY8yOCRj488KxYnMBMwbF8x8sHJQOABRx9fvFhjzVWc6KsEQkohED1ltbchJZN7KSSyR5MZdggiuY9em29X_GO0sBPIMWdPCwhUBjzaBZ9tWSw3q1QKUkgyjmcAnh_ARzCiV2p2cIr7VtYaXD_NWapy86dtK65tlnvtQr1fl0n3xoyZa_rM3fS_wGUp9fAEX_cVyi07rf0JMmpULmpqKdScZ5KGPfoIQYhczVjKxgm3xLMP3pYUdb34IJO.5s672bTKaw4FekB4dcaaP.lzX2PHiS_uYnMafy0dbHm_SSSITx043oUZD0hmO4ZHIhkRlKhev_lWGjtcOuizLIfcydgBbIiVm206SrS6HaTt1oaX0yw9tXD7KrVidTSQD.qtr5048EYBc6Z3K66PXUjSdvScEzrEF.wgSpLWC.qvtNo1vqlJ7vZsxJrT5w5pv86QxA33I2GIqYowkLY4vNzz4txM2t2HcNdrTu1L6_hZVcXVG.PbMlCnFjCT1oy6dCwj8bpjoXkvTxofsXgxYwJ7ntdijeGbapkJe59jPR0uNklmDQrJF9mz7FXgoiRVvTssgraTytlVGrNhiSppc2.xhJ0Rhv.CTHK1Bna.AhMtF0JDyo97un6mhnQpcJ4Enx_6ah2l_hnPxdyspi5Xg3HwMtBuhZaB2AlwHYtfa8deyRs_S.misPL0IwkHNRliRNGN5.sfV59BA_xdFdqWvfBx48uQGN2BSJxPYOnU2PlkMuv3DkRm92_bUmoHNLvNFXglR6Obk1udhxadlS.zN8O7AJJfKGeq.iM4if3Kzp.oqYTrTEzbKTXrYI1lsvUxlfyaDTLRN3QVgjdU3f_sGv4enHkRFunvQj8ntYwMhKz9TFciH8G3UjOCVU2Er116830nlwN1N5l4hx2om0in3NiX6PVhTKaMx7mDcitFJRPZkUA8Ivv7oAAi_MTLOzEH3WJFiRLnOABIn3daHYMM2lrFmpapfUKl5A_0Znz3U5GdrvE4ewtylKZBps5Nflr9v8KnpO1eukMD4NQ5_o36HH_l1Wh9QZjSwkXA1BFl4G0c5ZZKGPceUm8tnVjvZT16.V_6Jet5K6QQW11fL7sGr.pBezUwfwFJw8cMTjegTZtQZ49_xvMiHkOVxK7G9p3VX470zd9g50jsFoGbes57PQEN1CRuncAsPcovwIPjKZUUFZD7tgLAmzb8jVW7S9cgC.BNg8F8wqG.Pkm7PutNM6A5pzCLHXSf_hwcwR_WAQl7aCQIRtyd3GooVQ6RTjfjbp._SL3Ql23OHz2kPr0YivUaLAtAsiBgamPX0vKtjQlXUY1uNlH3PkM2PYmBe2iCRpya3vgjoifjQNSYGX2ZDIQFbl80Bw893ff4bWHxTsOzG3ei3CkQOH0YHTTOCBBtKZNula3.MIV_Us4agcTXa7uTklDpR8DtU6jdqqoKlSKXApJf2oe7yl0fOCEpqzvzYk6NGY3mTvDw2VseVUezkmPCGSc95wK7l3epsXZ5q276_sudCcJDtF.f84WzVvQAU.cMyhLJiSYocF3tsOykv3AaLpj2FzLJhzftVEApXPfZ6o.0uGhC3R4s8_LruOYNSNOenWId6UyDGfZfO1vw4TE2DokFKcmH1M1e36fxo9OpKcZs8uI5Q6LDKcke1Iri3iikhfl5JWxFCwbb192fcNZpy5poDenQpB.Q0slyfuJvSRye7jwMztWNkOQxK_93c4B2xi0VZcGTlWdmYi60Wp0HFq92KUVjGT_CdKKiwUYt2twNoPtmKhmcXix6sLpUVClMdlLSbrM7wSChjB2.QjTgpU5h82F8lh5xGu_ArIWMHcGbbsI.vjn1CwQcJRcaYqj2hnmWQ5IWY2P7UGr_OH.uuRXCl1K1cEloTUa._Ypvc9BKQq.zoaGIIG0w4aOvGukH17US.icMzeaSugvPn_kJqdqg.V279uSNy2e2IxzEddvn_hQdspDAewXiOI.7FI3D2056GFRvE67m.oMlQvHbGJUxZ6Dk6nZ.FPhT31UrhmxuNSByr6aKdSgs_lVmknbWWT75ZJAEuCna8sdAWOdigV.KH04UI0kh98LOsdALPoZox3ydXkU73d_wVzU6rss1xkuFGEfgCsieSad93pc4QqJvoKJmH3ZCiedhHY1g_C7nH9MUOS.J8VWg.SubYmmLI",mdrd: "6knn9zfe2YyrtFGpm_W5BGri5MKQ.23IHAFMWX.Bceo-1739794412-1.2.1.1-_1o95Vn_658wFi4ESVjoarOp_PFTvpRIAg7JE67ubEEpxRntQlXR6g12CR3fLqEtQx3IW4l7TCoaB3J9IBUp3AqBFBtgPTUQ_3nH1jgrexFe_.j9LVRIQ8XNg61SmDQdm84iWO1knQo9yejrQcAdofAiQdRAwRCp3eFc_uH2CN0bZDrkwuejWZXbPBGe9lkfiH.K3TnorAyIEiFBPv8KA4U144XbGX4K.yL4HuBRuMrVyGCOFxTodQKW4gmoALLmLNmeaRFqSvDp_ddN4jZsVwo.RVq0dhnWEqQkW6Vtw9W6SKAtQbwQFIm9RhTnahAav4JVSNy2sTgcHU4sWrtCQ49vpqdZsi8Ab5Sb2vyEFD6jqDglchPDQaj2Olzvjg8.Mijps6nfTJ8fBwGOI8CREXLBLShphlfb6LZfEPgaNtDZj3gIckbXTV_xS_ZA0O1gLTswnisgs.16tjqkoudC6kvFXLaYOczx2w8ATrma8JGfl1_2Z2mEZezw3olvUOrZymhjy1SyUVZAsxyBVG6oAjfacPNY0AohbuetQC6CKKATmWCfLAnV20RpoD1hTleP2CZjP1TyKpn9rlDkpdrCBZJf3kWcU45ZGUvSholTKeHhXpiXej4UH.EeF1n43K5mbAWx.v_PvHhDRF.MP0EajLbMefmUnPfVIf2hpEfHtjJXJSdRIJ7pZlxKJgDqEXZU4vXV.imX8Kvssiv4MFYD9ste5UK9SBeF3yY0rYrI.9mdmochilziR9hkVgMMIizFK_jtvoi0nb5tlrvFGJBa_HP65xT01Vwow7MmAEWtdkwcM8yWTiC4rJiITAJGNoxD49aSk2il3nXbs1P7Mu8s5mRUnKw9kOaBR3CJpFi4_XTe5fEGY7_usuXpp9PfAkKSZZhJhwGXW1HXcU6ksaBqgbDkhEs8FtJj2en9Udpty2I1KcDhFxbRYDZQS85s3wEq2hhMcAF2fyj7AUbdK0npL.ElVk5a6k5A8TDLyCbl7P4CpiYkbS5wTaT_3d5lRoPv8F0TFyRT0zPD.pZlNfVryyqyhGuW.Xi7eiS6a2EEPSHGEiGaZ6ABj8idBuZcV4JbipFRHRoHXy2ryUhY0SSyDHsq.Atqzj.ETktXi2pOAc8IqAfn_LPX1s1SvlraA4mDHwYo.8qutnnYJevNAvrYVLwdPOkfAiOgTSJTeLv.9UwDER7S_u96Ab1dOiRc6AzM.YRbNBFTEuJlfbZiJnmFqkuIkUH1BhUaB.G5Y0cM_g2DOEGNcEUWe.vQwKXObKLVfpbYW0TT06O5Qw6Gh_ufNsKtVg.Kx1quwDz1D2ziiX74e5lowIRrtmnHv11Jm3F0knQsm_3vYCtmfuEGUCiQ27f5VyFeN6pz87ip4uF0GvJmtG4c7eubAPAZ6nh3kxZzxRyS4DccYVFrKExPw2zZvLGUKmAhYixb_9JXzHS9DKpDJIIHKSBe5r5CKyQ_9FCN3tRt9twwQlFCxzMEgaTbCsH9G5VUPKJUyuPqJwU86Z6c7Pp4WPje3MA_ppY0Euk.fxvX06WNig7UJHzN3XvvWFecnyWPX1.VK0Am362PzYoIpOB9anuXrJzQfGjC0mBGMBLk_sEDSdODDuS9xMiTwZIxnAlWCtH1swl6EN57xRK4028IC463adMepkvWbUbAUvRyXQl9BbM3PqFY_Zhj3LyiSOxVvqmIbx84B0GQaV.YQivMlY7Rv2HTxBFPbek4dWyWg.Nfe_DFg8vb2XKoOz36NjCiPR6iGBhGomE2pa3MYwM4wrlc3wU0sZL6Hr73Swd9I6d_A.eIM2aEXLoqlSS.exYEFOuAiyqEMzrbNsHFG5lAWMaZbNDwQxBf4dnjRjPOcNQxHXUB9Q7g1L7Uh3dUHaPZ0Mp2C9m4Z9GzdgicPneLH8HmuJ8fDGfHW6qRbqAlrQ.4hzzes1cubriUJmfDLsH0anjLMO4yQUUmNmGo5ms6j65UwKWshBWIp84KsvlGYc0ST30YBTM8_yzFWg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135b1260c26ce4b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/2321023017727968?__cf_chl_rt_tk=InXVUv7BbB0Tu59Rrf0W6olalpJKQHJkINfqc8WvzfE-1739794412-1.0.1.1-5aVDVz58C9BlrLgpJ16Q.Sbno2dMRyIrn1n87YSGZuQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>