CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913469841883ce49',cH: 'NJrk_dp7VBRj4d9.RJnv6ZXXCbHe.nV_vVqEucJEGe4-1739780992-1.2.1.1-Dc8Rub9YACKcF0VdU4knx08fSgOuc5IcNA4sbUpG5mfDVf._E.fujHVkCFBu4eai',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Energy%20Efficiency&__cf_chl_tk=4jX4SXb66s6.nOIR4uGXej5kqDcaRTPftRv86W9aqlk-1739780992-1.0.1.1-2FoF6PNPwmZOJwMrujae1Jzg_oq5rhcb9q7BdkSUeJ8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739780992',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Energy%20Efficiency&__cf_chl_f_tk=4jX4SXb66s6.nOIR4uGXej5kqDcaRTPftRv86W9aqlk-1739780992-1.0.1.1-2FoF6PNPwmZOJwMrujae1Jzg_oq5rhcb9q7BdkSUeJ8",md: "Q_Mf84VeF0zSsZGIMt8YkTJdBoBPRtwPw7JHfEu7cWU-1739780992-1.2.1.1-v.CBFpFLqzuJybipxuTBAQmtjcmm33RCeK6mGyY05sEkPiM3wAOpsoixMt7nsA1L5JRevEKW4oVBeLXBYr4WTlec6Yjwz7A4eqy52Bt_8MuucH2CjtkZHuQJ6B8B4qOAgDTOgZUbdpYPjmtH6eJjygmaIQPKPQa4Tn4SnDdViS7TlKoLehnRzuHZZVsITKnPMp4CIsncL4FZikLkW6vLRjZk2GBx9_ficWhomN9dCp7SUXRgbqjyaEb0MJ0tqyC0nuXmpzKCkftU6F9Tq3xy.sX1IqLb.SsArvxJpBn.3VsK2ganFRZRAHe1fUt6vf52KSfH27xOJIpVgGkEnNU9hnXcMp2Yal6VHbPaFjuod0L_q660wnRf0zzt4n51omuUmIC_lBlXmONKSzuxRrPbqlxDMw6FUWNdF2e_91rN4O4eU3F93HotPFT4ryOPbjLVG2JrCvtEIBi7oiclyrXZojutKiDpbZ4HKiaB2333uoPp8R.kVEeX4lZt8UBw8QFi0kpiO8LmZejcuSJWL10q4glSputINFL0kjvWxJOjP1Aj_VGiEbgV8PbmFPutZbfTLUFpcUVTn2Rvb7XTTETEK0xpaFYcy9Uhj2A3T8IfLXwe3hCgCYKYhAu1tnp39SoAZwSoV183otxCDUzd4vruzG_cNxq9a84USNPkJp9g4O6tomxRYLnvxPLW9Xs2VO11Ss_qfjSioqK_0hJDO.ngkayYgJJsjWwigg7XwnCVJdZeoh1F2Fg.9YyxABaKB_OZBSxBkp2tyXPnk7GcXlQ6MRWZz7GPgGf_j9Tdkj9ajT9nnTxBzP3MIwxgNixUyTTPSTjWPr1.LDGtL.HJA4IIcbPn3lWEtez2fzEkXB2Vdsu.E173UlwJefKa_4cfATyeaTfX9WmQX5sebl01NrWkmAVmEgNQZGi2H5ZN5e4hj23J3GGK1KfPB4.33kHS0DzAltmeg_8w5SIUi8TUJo88Gl7JSSxVXqC_FIKgPV2zixOTp4f09W5e9wYn1vqtppNReap1XjoAvdjYTrCbvnDYITc.O1sHGOXbVCBPDmfuXvH88VSdri6DSz_HibFTvt0XERfrVmYt6Zuw7.SHBNR1kJOISyceELhZRXdtbf5X0IshLNzobhRxDqoJKmql_JKjTiF1ZU5U3pGus_UH7NFoByo4s_lwI6QL7ps0olZt5ZIP.hkzjWfdGv7axW1i_Ha_GbhHauJESa_yt.OHrADtAZM7pqUaOOrZnDwH0bGUSRwOXVphDxkUYtnfMC4HjHfsKnit_Qc4rzcOW8czYG.xIZ7.0Gq_OrpslHnaajDmi5zT6Rn6FF3K47t0_wbdG5wuEklxAFf0MD01Ox6L8lZ0MiobW7DXuoCATBDaFaN6D4096nbga1nsFfJWdGXUkRCdq5bD49..koe8ID_8Eo5ZR9JHychUu9OGy5O6_A4AuNWQMN5Cdoaa1yzKldglXPm_ykx9xh4l0CpOnDHJdyIr6.IL7ruaYarVUbamW_D9rrRP28PCyQS4wsSU0tiM980awuT8H81wzvb3OyFS_iH6RN7mX2kQ30DTIyhiNzYoZffOWhduMaMopOGxv.Y5j.q44bHvB6wjXwKJYvaecn4PnEgK1MS87wBhlHqz9Yw5o87lquZpYPVRg7v1J5mbfjhBQjSOUuGSqBC0u4nLkTzwmC3vg3dooBwkhs6AIw2.hBjRD71zzJ6R7W2I1hRGQN7MlnE3MqykPLiNhwqmB.0eT06MC2qtieM5GB6AXWZwapU_fwmXn1GBG_vVXPUA7NmolcIoYMbwgqg4rWJ__TsV5z5YG2y.4f_4iei2cou2fSmc8nGntPcsaDD5vlh9r5UE4tTVfUrcY6iqwgXHcSRSdMtqLNrLCuu_YN9Poo8ghBgKYus4uWN8AfvgZT7hJFyTkxNDx6jyHI.rYemB7joSuw",mdrd: "grn5q7BzrywiRG6VehA2gqeMU0NlpXVp5IWWckNIma8-1739780992-1.2.1.1-jvnbAcNpnEDgQmyPuZUOWJu_CoqEEG8CK8dyA4mBqnrehLcRtcHuJaGo6Z.o8OURDUF4o7eGA7EaCgJvuEZCCiwcJaezP2KFfc0bENs01.PWlSz7EkmayQvmvWmEDXgukpVZDOmoA3ska9jMrTSWfwb3EZ.C168xAkiGQGcXIzZPbhvXstPv9pDpljmSb8Y_utIA1n.3Qu3kA3pdjKnr7LHfAD1xv3ATCwMOaqIhN8sXt7bbx.dJIDHfGJCiAOitW0eX48Qxw3FKbfNWPTchITklUHRH9ujb8JlxlRbuzbyrMwMkMMnIhtUYE1NUeE9JZZxEyzMuRLVE9U8KN3yUYVxHwFQ3D.ZxR.d9JhTsluBHyGMV_44M9IpbO_hQUmdUvg26OCxJ1FZ7wTVorJieKgbDBcs13XHalmuo4pBKvPLSoqdFQfTdMUm9TLqQjiy5hjeNAvQRAyXPzmkf1DtpyGizItGJYEgFl7Sg04mk2DPNYU04QwC4oChOWxpi1nRE6Oc8Yvg24dKAzv0DmIk7K2M3J7cBa5xCPACVi_QREX_tLdswsaB0jQ9N_AOgfnXG.ZzRPsvU5qGUWKn4ciFu53Fu5g2.0LrkGiPoRF12.q7R1KgPSZ8aC1tzX6XS4BTwBB7zSE9JzejlfYtHbISDSZAMB2yIfod5WgoLNb_.9m9pf5b62mWIj45bxmrjy.KHgXmI_be6BJ7dxvmghUOX7yTOlZxne99QWviFHuSNE2Yuzuiohc7K01iVTCo3iVXE4r8h5VwnIqJ9GbzUt0xUizfu2MOaMNQRSHA5Lwmel8tQ6gwj8hrukHYTO81Nu6HagcDZzhnNibmbUwdkO2ugANs_bcoBvEcqJm.kLHL5wBaB6_I8Lyo85JPG7RWkIwGDKXE3XbMScFj1_1lWE3jJ.zngRTAS3B9iKqLB3E39y_hDYfPavte9Ax5nfxsOgaM3pc3ozXH78PKCiK6iJYp2gmaqPUFpnFrJljw3vwF6dVVDN6w3R34_P5osqrI.VKwnbIHoc7Dm_S4oOrQh4HslBiU9jc3OLe13rxXhHrc9uW2cuAogLndRWTUd15ByAnTdJ881vDOd.QKfM0zCAMi6v5gYRNjY3AzUIXpV6TIVVArfb.gg3CccMcDQMEDpIVCVPow2vIZSWThKmOsU5ig8MtDkLgGez5Nh0j.OX2o_AI1JZ3WaAUpIbR8bIeMftZy1USR7mqkcjPd6qf.skt1dZMmiYqw3jXejsGIdmnaPnFV_jCGj2Rkx6DZhrkfPO8ZXsl2KmSm1YY6PIRw9JIOMQL6y_prazzEQ82mf8CNvPoznys9cxotdZ7vMsJkv.c9SlZBJMOOdJl.bh0OMO_X29WM.0W0fWv4Zf0w.nm372mlXJIMX4q6FoqnQ5UTljNT_bhVWrKyTGyKtEX2HskynBJkoeq4IbkFloYTdPVJ9OyKarqpz.N8Ave3Ep6YYXEVkuWmF164Zljk6_MHUmteIG8OOWGZ0efL3Mn1AS2t.e2tZAJJ1WU0d8wXJQLOgCJ7kIYplmfdLvkAJxaY03kREGaT8RA45_3MC9ei4reMCEDBup7lly_Me8ZVbf0FOUYMcJhI233xrHs9rffjtln6OBQN3shYVe7oxRjfE0HbHaJnXyovvsU.IDhIYRRfZS0TPSLK9IiUs9EKBTg.43.YDTyoAXwrembPjoXggDJCpOkqieKTEuCq5eHOnx0tXxqPCZgEnq4DpzhQmxfjxCtCJJEc.MGW05eeZFSKgkT61ixg8SknW5Jo5r3kDMEgVlO7276K_kJlYEbiiRO9P0IGwp8cjKt8PKz7K9QWitz0wspQZVkDH_8iiZgjZnbCCaO69WFDNOOdVQaQX7SBat8hIcNW3NKYLojHVHzZyk83yuyEkOfciBwDxYH0MQmHX3EbgnL80Yb90FIttCVcoIndXcBt6.57Qn57Mdn5_9rg14ajyjbqDNIOiQr8tkUZh1iRz"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913469841883ce49';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Energy%20Efficiency&__cf_chl_rt_tk=4jX4SXb66s6.nOIR4uGXej5kqDcaRTPftRv86W9aqlk-1739780992-1.0.1.1-2FoF6PNPwmZOJwMrujae1Jzg_oq5rhcb9q7BdkSUeJ8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>