Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Revised Guidelines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Counseling, Testing, and Referral: Targeting HIV Specialists | Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Euclid, Campus Box 8051, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093 (<a href="mailto:wpowderl@im.wustl.ed" target="_blank">wpowderl@im.wustl.ed</a>).</div> </div> <div class="info-card-search-label"> Search for other works by this author on: </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-internal"> <a href="/cid/search-results?f_Authors=William+G.+Powderly" rel="nofollow">Oxford Academic</a> </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-pubmed"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Powderly W">PubMed</a> </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-google"> <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=author:%22Powderly William G.%22">Google Scholar</a> </div> </div> </span> </span> <span class="al-author-name-more js-flyout-wrap"> <button type="button" class="linked-name js-linked-name-trigger btn-as-link">Kenneth H. 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Mayer </div> </div> <div class="info-card-affilitation"> <div class="aff"><span class="label title-label">2</span><div class="institution">Division of Infectious Diseases, Brown University and Miriam Hospital</div>, <div class="addr-line">Providence, Rhode Island</div></div><div class="aff"><span class="label title-label">3</span><div class="institution">Fenway Community Health</div>, <div class="addr-line">Boston, Massachusetts</div></div> </div> <div class="info-card-search-label"> Search for other works by this author on: </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-internal"> <a href="/cid/search-results?f_Authors=Kenneth+H.+Mayer" rel="nofollow">Oxford Academic</a> </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-pubmed"> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Mayer K">PubMed</a> </div> <div class="info-card-search info-card-search-google"> <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=author:%22Mayer Kenneth H.%22">Google Scholar</a> </div> </div> </span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="pub-history-wrap clearfix js-history-dropdown-wrap"> <div class="pub-history-row clearfix"> <div class="ww-citation-primary"><em>Clinical Infectious Diseases</em>, Volume 37, Issue 6, 15 September 2003, Pages 813–819, <a href='https://doi.org/10.1086/378279'>https://doi.org/10.1086/378279</a></div> </div> <div class="pub-history-row clearfix"> <div class="ww-citation-date-wrap"> <div class="citation-label">Published:</div> <div class="citation-date">15 September 2003</div> </div> <a href="javascript:;" class="history-label js-history-dropdown-trigger st-article-history at-ArticleHistory"> <span>Article history</span><i class="icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </a> </div> <div class="ww-history js-history-entries-wrap at-history-entries-wrap"> <div class="history-entry at-history-entry"> <div class="wi-state">Received:</div> <div class="wi-date">26 June 2003</div> </div> <div class="history-entry at-history-entry"> <div class="wi-state">Published:</div> <div class="wi-date">15 September 2003</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function () { $('.article-top-widget').on('click', '.ati-toggle-trigger', function () { $(this).find('.icon-general-add, .icon-minus').toggleClass('icon-minus icon-general-add'); $(this).siblings('.ati-toggle-content').toggleClass('hide'); }); // In Chrome, an anchor tag with target="_blank" and a "mailto:" href opens a new tab/window as well as the email client // I suspect this behavior will be corrected in the future // Remove the target="_blank" $('ul.wi-affiliationList').find('a[href^="mailto:"]').each(function () { $(this).removeAttr('target'); }); }); </script> </div> <div class="widget widget-ArticleLinks widget-instance-OUP_Article_Links_Widget"> </div> <div class="article-body js-content-body"> <div class="toolbar-wrap js-toolbar-wrap"> <div class="toolbar-inner-wrap"> <ul id="Toolbar" role="navigation"> <li class="toolbar-item item-with-dropdown item-views"> <a class="at-views-dropdown drop-trigger" href="javascript:;" data-dropdown="FilterDrop" aria-haspopup="true"> <i class="icon-menu_views"></i> <div class="toolbar-label"> <div class="toolbar-text">Views</div> <i class="icon-general-arrow-filled-down arrow-icon"></i> </div> </a> <ul id="ViewsDrop" class="f-dropdown js-dropdown-content" data-dropdown-content aria-label="submenu"> <div class="arrow-up"></div> <li class="article-content-filter js-article-content-filter" data-content-filter="article-content"> <a href="javascript:;"><span>Article contents</span></a> </li> <li class="at-figures-tables article-content-filter js-article-content-filter" data-content-filter="figures-tables"> <a href="javascript:;"><span>Figures & tables</span></a> </li> <li class="article-content-filter js-article-content-filter" data-content-filter="video"> <a href="javascript:;"><span>Video</span></a> </li> <li class="article-content-filter js-article-content-filter" data-content-filter="audio"> <a href="javascript:;"><span>Audio</span></a> </li> <li class="article-content-filter js-article-content-filter" data-content-filter="supplementary-data"> <a href="javascript:;"><span>Supplementary Data</span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toolbar-item item-cite js-item-cite"> <div class="widget widget-ToolboxGetCitation widget-instance-OUP_Get_Citation"> <a href="#" class="js-cite-button at-CiteButton" data-reveal-id="getCitation" data-reveal> <i class="icon-read-more"></i> <span>Cite</span> </a> <div id="getCitation" class="reveal-modal js-citation-modal" data-reveal> <h3 class="modal-title">Cite</h3> <div class="oxford-citation-text"> <p>Kenneth H. 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id="jumplink-ref1"></span>1]. However, recent data from San Francisco raise the specter of resurgence in some high-risk populations [<span class="xrefLink" id="jumplink-ref2"></span>2]. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV has also been significantly reduced with the use of prophylactic antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, labor, and the perinatal period.</p><p class="chapter-para">Despite these declines, the rate of new HIV infections in the United States remains at an estimated 40,000 per year, a number that has essentially been unchanged in the past decade [<span class="xrefLink" id="jumplink-ref1"></span>1]. Because there is still no cure for HIV infection and an effective vaccine is not yet on the horizon, prevention related to HIV risk reduction remains the best and major strategy for reducing this rate. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Atlanta, GA) is focusing on enhancing collaborations with <em>all</em> health care providers to participate in prevention strategies with a goal of reducing what is considered an unacceptably high rate of new infection. In 2000, the CDC launched a national 5-year plan, “HIV Prevention Strategic Plan through 2005” [<span class="xrefLink" id="jumplink-ref1"></span>1], as part of its prevention efforts. The overarching goal of the plan is to reduce the annual number of new HIV infections by 50%—to 20,000 per year—through use of prevention interventions. Another major goal of this plan is to increase the proportion of HIV-infected people in the United States who are linked to appropriate prevention, care, and treatment services from the current estimate of 50% [<span class="xrefLink" id="jumplink-ref3"></span>3] to 80%; it is hoped that is will reduce further the morbidity and mortality associated with AIDS by facilitating earlier access to the health care system. The third major goal is to increase, through voluntary counseling and testing, the percentage of HIV-positive patients who know they are infected from the currently estimated 70%–95%.</p>  <div class="widget widget-ArticlePubStateInfo widget-instance-OUP_ArticlePubStateInfo"> </div> </section> <div class="article-metadata-panel clearfix at-ArticleMetadata"></div> <div class="article-metadata-standalone-panel clearfix"></div>  <span id="UserHasAccess" data-userHasAccess="False"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget widget-SolrResourceMetadata widget-instance-OUP_Article_ResourceMetadata_Widget"> <div class="article-metadata-panel solr-resource-metadata js-metadata-panel at-ContentMetadata"> <div class="article-metadata-tocSections"> <div class="article-metadata-tocSections-title">Issue Section:</div> <a href="/cid/search-results?f_TocHeadingTitleList=HIV%2fAIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> <span class="article-metadata-tocSections-delimiter">></span> <a 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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Revised Guidelines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Counseling, Testing, and Referral: Targeting HIV Specialists | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic