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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-唇龈同位异音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#唇龈同位异音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>唇龈同位异音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-唇龈同位异音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">唇齦音</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。5种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensonenn_gweuz-logigo%C3%B9" title="Kensonenn gweuz-logigoù – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kensonenn gweuz-logigoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Labial–coronal consonant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial-alveolaro" title="Labial-alveolaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Labial-alveolaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_labio-alveolar" title="Consonante labio-alveolar – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consonante labio-alveolar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Губно-переднеязычные согласные – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Губно-переднеязычные согласные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2884232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%94%87%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div 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data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>唇齦音</b>是一类有双唇、龈两个<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%8D" title="调音部位">调音部位</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>。尼日利亚<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔吉语（页面不存在）">马尔吉语</a>和布拉语等语言有此音位。然而，大多数学者都将它们解释为是唇音和舌冠音的组合，这种模式在非洲常见得多。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="巴布亚新几内亚">巴布亚新几内亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="羅塞爾島">罗塞尔岛</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E6%B6%85%E8%AA%9E" title="耶里多涅語">耶里多涅语</a>似乎区分<b>唇齿龈音</b>和<b>唇龈后音</b>，下详(齿龈音前移，龈后音只轻微后移。因此最好不要将后者视作是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="卷舌音">卷舌音</a>。) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: small; height: 2em"> <th>耶里多涅语中的塞音 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈音">齿龈音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齦後音">龈后音</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">软腭音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">paa</span></td> <td>一侧</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">taa</span></td> <td>刀</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t̠oo</span></td> <td>舌</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kaa</span></td> <td>矛 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:small; text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="预鼻化（页面不存在）">预鼻化</a>塞音 </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mbee</span></td> <td>抗</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nde</span></td> <td>食物</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n̠d̠e</span></td> <td>柴</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋɡaa</span></td> <td>树 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">maa</span></td> <td>路</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nii</span></td> <td>果汁</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n̠aa</span></td> <td>宴会</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋa</span></td> <td>租 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: small; height: 2em"> <th>耶里多涅语中的塞音 </th> <th colspan="2">唇-齿龈 </th> <th colspan="2">唇–龈后 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="唇软腭音">唇软腭音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t͡pənə</span></td> <td>肺</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t̠͡pənə</span></td> <td>角</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">k͡pene</span></td> <td>椰子袋 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:small; text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="预鼻化（页面不存在）">预鼻化</a>塞音 </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n͡md͡boo</span></td> <td>浆</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n̠͡md̠͡boo</span></td> <td>多</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ͡mɡ͡bo</span></td> <td>雾 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:small; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n͡mo</span></td> <td>鸟</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n̠͡mo</span></td> <td>我们</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ͡mo</span></td> <td>乳房 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="唇龈同位异音"><span id=".E5.94.87.E9.BE.88.E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E5.BC.82.E9.9F.B3"></span>唇龈同位异音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%87%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：唇龈同位异音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="达巴尼语">达巴尼语</a>和Nzema语等加纳语言拥有<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="唇软腭音">唇软腭音</a>的颚化同位异音，有时被误作唇齿龈音，实际上是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齦後音">龈后音</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E9%A1%8E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="硬顎音">硬颚音</a>。 </p><p>几种<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="西北高加索语系">西北高加索语系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="东北高加索语系">东北高加索语系</a>语言如<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿布哈兹语">阿布哈兹语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="拉克語">拉克语</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="唇化">唇化</a>齿龈音也有相似表现。尽管双重调音的形式实际上可能更普遍，一般仍认为它们是唇化齿龈音，因为唇的接触非常微弱、发生在唇内侧，这与发[w]相似，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="圓唇元音">凸唇圆唇</a>的特点。这与这些语言中[p]的发音相当不同。另外唇的接触也可能实现为颤音。比较尤比克语下列<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94" title="最小對立體">最小对立体</a>： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">da</span></td> <td>现在</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">dʷa ~ d͡ba ~ d͡ʙa</span></td> <td>锥子</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ba</span></td> <td>如果 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ta</span></td> <td>怀孕</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʷa ~ t͡pa ~ t͡ʙa</span></td> <td>樱桃</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pa</span></td> <td>织 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʼə</span></td> <td>公羊</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʷʼə ~ t͡pʼə ~ t͡ʙʼə</span></td> <td>取出</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="宏语">宏语</a>部分方言存在双唇搭嘴音<span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E6%90%AD%E5%98%B4%E9%9F%B3" title="不送氣雙唇搭嘴音">ʘ</a>/</span>在部分环境下的唇齿音变体<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʘ͡ǀ]</span>(或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʘ͡ʇ]</span>)(Traill 1985: 103–104)。 </p><p>若将<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AD%E5%98%B4%E9%9F%B3" title="搭嘴音">搭嘴音</a>视作软腭/舌气流机制而不是双重调音，那么世界上几乎所有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%87%8D%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双重调音辅音（页面不存在）">双重调音辅音</a>都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="唇软腭音">唇软腭音</a>。部分<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乍得语支（页面不存在）">乍得语支</a>语言的唇龈音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/tp/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/db/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/nm/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/dɓ/</span>实际上是跨音节的组合，而非单辅音。(参见<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔吉语（页面不存在）">马尔吉语</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%87%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996" class="citation book"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" class="extiw" title="en:Ian Maddieson">Maddieson, Ian</a>. The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1996. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-631-19814-8" title="Special:网络书源/0-631-19814-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-631-19814-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%94%87%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-631-19814-8&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div id="noteTA-842c1f92" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="腭"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="width: auto; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background: #ccf;"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%8D" title="调音部位">调音部位</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left; padding: .5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="双唇音">雙唇</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">        </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="唇软腭音">唇軟腭</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">        </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">唇齦</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="唇齒音">唇齒</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="齒唇音">齒唇</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="雙齒音">雙齒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E5%86%A0%E9%9F%B3" title="舌冠音">舌冠</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="舌唇音">舌唇</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齒間</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齒</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齒齦音">齒齒齦</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈音">齒齦</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="舌冠軟腭音" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coronal–velar consonant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8C%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舌冠軟腭音（页面不存在）">舌冠軟腭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal%E2%80%93velar_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Coronal–velar consonant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coronal–velar consonant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦後音">齒齦後</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">        </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%A6%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="齦硬腭音">齦硬腭</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">        </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌音">捲舌</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E8%83%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="舌背音">舌背</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦後音">齒齦後</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">        </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="龈腭音">齦腭</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭音">硬腭</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">        </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="唇硬腭音">唇硬腭</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">軟腭</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="小舌音">小舌</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">        </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%9C%83%E5%8E%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="小舌會厭音">小舌會厭</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E9%9F%B3" title="喉音">喉</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E9%9F%B3" title="咽音">咽</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E5%8E%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="會厭音">會厭</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門音">聲門</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="周邊輔音" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peripheral consonant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E9%82%8A%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="周邊輔音（页面不存在）">周邊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Peripheral consonant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peripheral consonant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align: center; background: #ddf;"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="舌形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tongue shape"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8C%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舌形（页面不存在）">舌形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue_shape" class="extiw" title="en:Tongue shape"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tongue shape</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left; padding: .5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%96%E9%9F%B3" title="舌尖音">舌尖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%96%E4%B8%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="舌尖下音">舌尖下</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="舌端音" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laminal consonant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8C%E7%AB%AF%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舌端音（页面不存在）">舌端</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminal_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Laminal consonant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laminal consonant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沟化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sulcalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%9F%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沟化（页面不存在）">沟化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcalization" class="extiw" title="en:Sulcalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sulcalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圓頂音" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Domed consonant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%93%E9%A0%82%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圓頂音（页面不存在）">圓頂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domed_consonant" class="extiw" title="en:Domed consonant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Domed consonant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">邊</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align: center; background: #ddf;"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="次發音" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Secondary articulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次發音（页面不存在）">次發音</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_articulation" class="extiw" title="en:Secondary articulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Secondary articulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left; padding: .5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="唇音化">唇音化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%BA%A6" title="元音圓唇度">元音圓唇度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">腭音化</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">    </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="唇硬腭音">唇硬腭化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%8C%96" title="軟腭化">軟腭化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%8C%96" title="小舌化">小舌化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%8C%96" title="咽化">咽化</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align: center; background: #ddf;"> 參見</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align: left; padding: .5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3" title="调音">调音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="调音语音学">调音语音学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%90%8C%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3" title="协同调音">协同调音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%8D%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" title="雙调音部位輔音">雙调音部位輔音</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="声门化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glottalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="声门化（页面不存在）">声门化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalization" class="extiw" title="en:Glottalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glottalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" title="调音方法">调音方法</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;padding-right: 0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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