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</div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Israeli_couscous" title="Israeli couscous">Israeli couscous</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the possum species, see <a href="/wiki/Cuscus" title="Cuscus">Cuscus</a>. For the ancient Chilean village, see <a href="/wiki/Cuz_Cuz" title="Cuz Cuz">Cuz Cuz</a>. For the French film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_the_Grain" title="The Secret of the Grain">The Secret of the Grain</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Couscous (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: كُسْكُس, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: kuskus) is a traditional North African dish<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> of small<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steaming" title="Steaming">steamed</a> granules of rolled <a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">semolina</a><a href="#cite_note-notpasta-8">[7]</a> that is often served with a <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a> spooned on top. <a href="/wiki/Pearl_millet" title="Pearl millet">Pearl millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">bulgur</a>, and other cereals are sometimes cooked in a similar way in other regions, and the resulting dishes are also sometimes called couscous.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-milletCC-10">[9]</a>: 18 <a href="#cite_note-codex-11">[10]</a> <table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Couscous</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroccan_cuscus,_from_Casablanca,_September_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Moroccan_cuscus%2C_from_Casablanca%2C_September_2018.jpg/235px-Moroccan_cuscus%2C_from_Casablanca%2C_September_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Moroccan_cuscus%2C_from_Casablanca%2C_September_2018.jpg/353px-Moroccan_cuscus%2C_from_Casablanca%2C_September_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Moroccan_cuscus%2C_from_Casablanca%2C_September_2018.jpg/470px-Moroccan_cuscus%2C_from_Casablanca%2C_September_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1191"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Couscous served with vegetables and chickpeas</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Kesksou, Seksu, Ta'ām, Barboucha, Aberbouch, Kosksi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data">Main course, side dish or dessert</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolens-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">Moghrabieh, maftoul</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Food energy</a> (per 1/4 cup, dry serving)</div></th><td class="infobox-data nutrition">150 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">kcal</a> (628 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a>)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">Nutritional value</a> (per 1/4 cup, dry serving)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.75em;padding-right:0.35em;line-height:1.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.75em;padding-right:0.35em;line-height:1.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">0 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.75em;padding-right:0.35em;line-height:1.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">30 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></a> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Couscous" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Couscous">Cookbook: Couscous</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Couscous" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Couscous">Media: Couscous</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Couscous is a <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">Maghrebi cuisines</a> of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Naylor2015-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-soletti-13">[12]</a>: 250 It was integrated into French and European cuisine at the beginning of the twentieth century,<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> through the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pied-Noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Pied-Noir">Pieds-Noirs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> In 2020, couscous was added to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">Intangible Cultural Heritage list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Preparation">3 Preparation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Recognition">4 Recognition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Local_variations">5 Local variations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Algeria">5.1 Algeria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Tunisia">5.2 Tunisia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Libya">5.3 Libya</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Malta">5.4 Malta</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Mauritania">5.5 Mauritania</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Similar_foods">6 Similar foods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Dishes_with_similar_names">7 Dishes with similar names</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The word "couscous" (alternately cuscus or kuskus) was first noted in early 17th century French, from Arabic kuskus, from kaskasa 'to pound', and is probably of <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> origin.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[20]</a> The term seksu is attested in various Berber dialects such as <a href="/wiki/Kabyle_people" title="Kabyle people">Kabyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rifians" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifians">Rifain</a>, while Saharan Berber dialects such as <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Touareg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghadam%C3%A8s_language" title="Ghadamès language">Ghadames</a> have a slightly different form, keskesu. This widespread geographical dispersion of the term strongly suggests its local Berber origin, lending further support to its likely Berber roots as Algerian linguist <a href="/wiki/Salem_Chaker" title="Salem Chaker">Salem Chaker</a> suggests.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[18]</a> The Berber root *KS means "well formed, well rolled, rounded."<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[19]</a> Numerous names and pronunciations for couscous exist around the world.<a href="#cite_note-foucauld-22">[21]</a>: 919 </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg/220px-Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="1022"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 272px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg/220px-Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg/330px-Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg/440px-Algerian_couscous_from_Kabylia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> couscous from <a href="/wiki/Kabylia" title="Kabylia">Kabylia</a>.</figcaption></figure> It is unclear when couscous originated. Food historian Lucie Bolens believes couscous originated millennia ago, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Masinissa" title="Masinissa">Masinissa</a> in the ancient kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bolens-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-25">[24]</a> Traces of cooking vessels akin to <a href="/wiki/Couscoussier" title="Couscoussier">couscoussiers</a> have been found in graves from the 3rd century BC, from the time of the berber kings of <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a>, in the city of <a href="/wiki/Tiaret" title="Tiaret">Tiaret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Couscoussier" title="Couscoussier">Couscoussiers</a> dating back to the 12th century were found in the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Igiliz" title="Igiliz">Igiliz</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Sous" title="Sous">Sous</a> valley of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> According to food writer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perry_(food_writer)" title="Charles Perry (food writer)">Charles Perry</a>, couscous originated among the <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> of Algeria and Morocco between the end of the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirid dynasty</a>, modern-day <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, and the rise of the 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad Caliphate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[20]</a> The historian Hady Idris noted that couscous is attested to during the <a href="/wiki/Hafsid_dynasty" title="Hafsid dynasty">Hafsid dynasty</a>, but not the Zirid dynasty.<a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[20]</a> In the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Maghrebi</a> cooks were preparing dishes of non-mushy grains by stirring flour with water to create light, round balls of couscous dough that could be steamed.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> The historian <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Rodinson" title="Maxime Rodinson">Maxime Rodinson</a> found three recipes for couscous from the 13th century <a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature#Culinary" title="Arabic literature">Arabic cookbook</a> Kitab al-Wusla ila al-Habib, written by an <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> author,<a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[20]</a> and the anonymous Arabic cooking book <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al_tabikh_fi-l-Maghrib_wa-l-Andalus_fi_%60asr_al-Muwahhidin,_limu%27allif_majhul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitab al tabikh fi-l-Maghrib wa-l-Andalus fi `asr al-Muwahhidin, limu'allif majhul">Kitab al tabikh</a> and Ibn Razin al-Tujibi's Fadalat al-khiwan also contain recipes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-25">[24]</a> Couscous is believed to have been spread among the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula by the Berber dynasties of the 13th century, though it is no longer found in traditional Spanish or Portuguese cuisine. In modern-day <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, the dish is still made to the medieval recipe of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusian</a> author Ibn Razin al-Tujibi. Ligurian families that moved from <a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> brought the dish with them to <a href="/wiki/Carloforte" title="Carloforte">Carloforte</a> in the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Known in France since the 16th century, it was brought into French cuisine at the beginning of the 20th century via the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> and the Pieds-Noirs. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG/220px-Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG/220px-Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG/330px-Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG/440px-Tunisian_brown_couscous_with_vegetables.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Brown couscous with vegetables in Tunisia.</figcaption></figure> Couscous is traditionally made from semolina, the hardest part of the grain of durum wheat (the hardest of all forms of wheat), which resists the grinding of the millstone. The semolina is sprinkled with water and rolled with the hands to form small pellets, sprinkled with dry flour to keep them separate, and then sieved. Any pellets that are too small to be finished, granules of couscous fall through the sieve and are again rolled and sprinkled with dry semolina and rolled into pellets. This labor-intensive process continues until all the semolina has been formed into tiny couscous granules. In the traditional method of preparing couscous, groups of people come together to make large batches over several days, which are then dried in the sun and used for several months. Handmade couscous may need to be rehydrated as it is prepared; this is achieved by a process of moistening and steaming over stew until the couscous reaches the desired light and fluffy consistency.<a href="#cite_note-asbell-30">[29]</a> In some regions, couscous is made from <a href="/wiki/Farina_(food)" title="Farina (food)">farina</a> or coarsely ground <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pearl_millet" title="Pearl millet">pearl millet</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Couscoussier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Couscoussier.jpg/220px-Couscoussier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 266px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Couscoussier.jpg/220px-Couscoussier.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="266" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Couscoussier.jpg/330px-Couscoussier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Couscoussier.jpg/440px-Couscoussier.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A kiskas (French: <a href="/wiki/Couscoussier" title="Couscoussier">couscoussier</a>), a traditional steamer for couscous.</figcaption></figure> In modern times, couscous production is largely mechanized, and the product is sold worldwide. This couscous can be sauteed before it is cooked in water or another liquid.<a href="#cite_note-asbell-30">[29]</a> Properly cooked couscous is light and fluffy, not gummy or gritty. Traditionally, North Africans use a <a href="/wiki/Food_steamer" title="Food steamer">food steamer</a> (called a taseksut in the <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber language</a>, a كِسْكَاس kiskas in Arabic or a <a href="/wiki/Couscoussier" title="Couscoussier">couscoussier</a> in French language). The base is a tall metal pot shaped like an oil jar, where the meat and vegetables are cooked as a stew. On top of the base, a steamer sits where the couscous is cooked, absorbing the flavours from the stew. The steamer's lid has holes around its edge so steam can escape. It is also possible to use a pot with a steamer insert. If the holes are too big, the steamer can be lined with damp <a href="/wiki/Cheesecloth" title="Cheesecloth">cheesecloth</a>. The couscous that is sold in most <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery stores</a> is usually pre-steamed and dried. It is typically prepared by adding 1.5 measures of boiling water or stock to each measure of couscous and then leaving it covered tightly for about five minutes. Pre-steamed couscous takes less time to prepare than regular couscous, most dried pasta, or dried grains (such as rice). Packaged sets of quick-preparation couscous and canned vegetables, and generally meat, are routinely sold in European grocery stores and supermarkets. Couscous is widely consumed in France, where it was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> immigrants<a href="#cite_note-auto-31">[30]</a> and voted the third most popular dish in a 2011 survey.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> In December 2020, Algeria, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia obtained official recognition for the knowledge, know-how, and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. The joint submission by the four countries was hailed as an "example of international cooperation."<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Local_variations">Local variations</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg/220px-Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="836"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 255px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg/220px-Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg/330px-Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg/440px-Couscous_Tfaya_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Moroccan couscous with <a href="/wiki/Tfaya" title="Tfaya">tfaya</a> and roasted chicken.</figcaption></figure> Couscous proper is about 2 mm in diameter, but there also exists a larger variety (3 mm more) known as berkoukes, as well as an ultra-fine version (around 1 mm).<a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[20]</a> In Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, it is generally served with vegetables (<a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnips</a>) cooked in a spicy or mild <a href="/wiki/Broth" title="Broth">broth</a> or stew, usually with some meat (generally, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken (food)">chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb, or mutton</a>).<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MoroccanCouscous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MoroccanCouscous.jpg/220px-MoroccanCouscous.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MoroccanCouscous.jpg/220px-MoroccanCouscous.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MoroccanCouscous.jpg/330px-MoroccanCouscous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/MoroccanCouscous.jpg/440px-MoroccanCouscous.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Couscous with vegetables, meat, and <a href="/wiki/Tfaya" title="Tfaya">tfaya</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algeria">Algeria</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg/220px-Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg/220px-Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg/330px-Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg/440px-Algerian_Couscous_from_Biskra.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Algerian couscous from Biskra.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Algerian_couscous" title="Algerian couscous">Algerian couscous</a> is a traditional staple food in Algeria, and it plays an important role in Algerian culture and cuisine. It is commonly served with vegetables, meat, or fish. In Algeria, there are various types of couscous dishes.<a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah,_Tunisia,_August_16th,_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Fish_couscous_from_Kerkenah%2C_Tunisia%2C_August_16th%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Fish couscous from Tunisia.</figcaption></figure> In Tunisia, couscous is usually spicy, made with <a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">harissa</a> sauce, and served commonly with vegetables and meat, including lamb, fish, seafood, beef, and sometimes (in southern regions) camel. <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a> couscous is a Tunisian specialty and can also be made with <a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">octopus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">squid</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> in a hot, red, spicy sauce. Couscous can also be served as a dessert. It is then called Masfuf. Masfuf can also contain raisins, grapes, or pomegranate seeds. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libya">Libya</h3></div> In Libya, couscous is mostly served with lamb (but sometimes <a href="/wiki/Camel_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel meat">camel meat</a> or, rarely, beef) in Tripoli and the western parts of Libya, but not during official ceremonies or weddings. Another way to eat couscous is as a dessert; it is prepared with dates, sesame, and pure honey and is locally referred to as maghrood. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3></div> In Malta, small round pasta slightly larger than typical couscous is known as kusksu. It is commonly used in a dish of the same name, which includes broad beans (known in <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> as ful) and ġbejniet, a local type of cheese.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritania">Mauritania</h3></div> In Mauritania, the couscous uses large wheat grains (mabroum) and is darker than the yellow couscous of Morocco. It is cooked with lamb, beef, or camel meat together with vegetables, primarily onion, tomato, and carrots, then mixed with a sauce and served with <a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a>, locally known as dhen. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Similar_foods">Similar foods</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> Couscous is made from crushed wheat flour rolled into its constituent granules or pearls, making it distinct from pasta, even pasta such as <a href="/wiki/Orzo" title="Orzo">orzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Risoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Risoni">risoni</a> of similar size, which is made from ground wheat and either molded or extruded. Couscous and pasta have similar nutritional value, although pasta is usually more refined.<a href="#cite_note-notpasta-8">[7]</a> Several dishes worldwide are also made from granules, like those of couscous rolled from flour from grains or other milled or grated starchy crops. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atti%C3%A9k%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Attiéké">Attiéké</a>, a staple food in Côte d'Ivoire and surrounding regions of West Africa, is made from granulated grated <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>.</li> <li>Cuscuz (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Portuguese pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[kusˈkus]</a>) is a couscous-like dish from the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast Region of Brazil</a>. It is made out of <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a> and eaten hot with meat and cold with milk.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> In the state of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> the cuscuz is pressed into a mold decorated with orange slices, in a dish called "cuscuz Paulista," a variation of the original version made by locals after migrant waves from the Northeast Region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dambou" title="Dambou">Dambou</a> is a couscous-like dish from Niger. It may be made from semolina for special occasions but is often made with rice, millet, or other grain. <a href="/wiki/Moringa_(genus)" title="Moringa (genus)">Moringa</a> leaves are traditionally included in the dish.<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-CCRP-39">[38]</a> In France, this Nigerien dish has been adapted as a specific variant (called couscous aux épinards) of the Maghreb-syle couscous commonly found there, often using spinach in place of the moringa.<a href="#cite_note-rec-40">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fregula" title="Fregula">Fregula</a> is a type of pasta from Sardinia. It is similar to North African Berkoukes and Middle Eastern Moghrabieh. Fregula comes in varying sizes but typically consists of semolina dough rolled into balls 2–3 mm in diameter and toasted in an oven.</li> <li>Kouskousaki (Κουσκουσάκι (in Greek) or kuskus (in Turkish) is a pasta from Greece and Turkey, that is boiled and served with cheese and walnuts.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_couscous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palestinian_couscous.jpg/220px-Palestinian_couscous.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palestinian_couscous.jpg/220px-Palestinian_couscous.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palestinian_couscous.jpg/330px-Palestinian_couscous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palestinian_couscous.jpg/440px-Palestinian_couscous.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Maftoul, a Palestinian variety of couscous that is made with bulgur.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In the Levant, the dish known as moghrabieh (a reference to the Maghreb region) uses the same durum-based semolina flour but rolled into larger (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>5–6 mm or 3⁄16–1⁄4 in in diameter) 'pearls' to create a dish that is popular across Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost-42">[41]</a> The pearls are either cooked as part of a stew or flavored with cinnamon and served alongside a chicken and chickpea broth.</li> <li>Palestinian maftoul uses granules that are larger than the North African variety but smaller than moghrabieh pearls (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">2–3 mm or 1⁄16–1⁄8 in in diameter) and made with <a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">bulgur</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simolina (page does not exist)">Simolina</a>, or a mix of both.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> It is similarly served alongside a chicken and chickpea broth. "Maftoul" is an Arabic word derived from the root "fa-ta-la," which means to roll or to twist, describing the hand-rolling method used to make the granules.<a href="#cite_note-asbell-30">[29]</a></li> <li>Wusu-Wusu is a couscous that is prepared out of <a href="/wiki/Fonio" title="Fonio">fonio</a> in the Hausa region of Nigeria, Benin, Togo and Ghana.<a href="#cite_note-Martin_Brink,_Getachew_Melese_Belay-44">[43]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Dishes_with_similar_names">Dishes with similar names</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_couscous" title="Israeli couscous">Israeli couscous</a> is an extruded and toasted pasta and does not share main ingredients or method of production with couscous.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Couscous" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Couscous">Couscous</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Couscous" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Couscous"> Couscous</a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="North African cuisine">North African cuisine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_dishes" title="List of Middle Eastern dishes">List of Middle Eastern dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_dishes" title="List of African dishes">List of African dishes</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Usually about <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">2 mm (1⁄16 in) in diameter, though a finer (1 mm) and larger varieties (3 mm or more) also exist in North Africa. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Chemache, Loucif, Farida Kehal, Hacène Namoune, Makhlouf Chaalal, and Mohammed Gagaoua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352618118300714?via%3Dihub">"Couscous: Ethnic making and consumption patterns in the Northeast of Algeria."</a> Journal of Ethnic Foods 5, no. 3 (2018): 211-219. “Couscous or seksu (Image 1) in Berber language or kuskus in Arabic is by origin a Numidian (the Berber population of Numidia) dish…” </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Hammami, Rifka, Reine Barbar, Marie Laurent, and Bernard Cuq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/foods/foods-11-00902/article_deploy/foods-11-00902-v2.pdf?version=1648102991">"Durum Wheat Couscous Grains: An Ethnic Mediterranean Food at the Interface of Traditional Domestic Preparation and Industrial Manufacturing."</a> Foods 11, no. 7 (2022): 902. pp.1-2. “Part of the origin of couscous is related to Numidians, the Berber population of Numidia. The culinary historian Lucie Bolens describes primitive pots that closely resemble the main cooking utensil of couscous, which is the couscoussier, found in Kabylia in tombs coming from the period of Berber king Massinissa” </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolens-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bolens_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bolens_3-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBolens1990" class="citation book cs1">Bolens, Lucie (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k6QEOwAACAAJ">La cuisine andalouse, un art de vivre: XIe-XIIIe siècle</a>. Albin Michel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782226041005" title="Special:BookSources/9782226041005"><bdi>9782226041005</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+cuisine+andalouse%2C+un+art+de+vivre%3A+XIe-XIIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9782226041005&rft.aulast=Bolens&rft.aufirst=Lucie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk6QEOwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/benefits-couscous">"Health Benefits of Couscous"</a>. 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Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CCAF+Cookbook&rft.btitle=Adaptive+Farms%2C+Resilient+Tables%3A+Building+secure+food+systems+and+celebrating+distinct+culinary+traditions+in+a+world+of+climate+uncertainty&rft.pages=66&rft.date=2017-06&rft.au=United+Nations+Development+Programme+-+Climate+Change+Adaption+Facility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fpublications%2Fadaptive-farms-resilient-tables-building-secure-food-systems-and-celebrating-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCRP-39"><a href="#cite_ref-CCRP_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollaborative_Crop_Research_Program" class="citation web cs1">Collaborative Crop Research Program. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccrp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Food-Processing-W.pdf">"Nutrition for Agriculture: Food Processing 2009-2017"</a> (PDF). The McKnight Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024011334/https://www.ccrp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Food-Processing-W.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nutrition+for+Agriculture%3A+Food+Processing+2009-2017&rft.pub=The+McKnight+Foundation&rft.au=Collaborative+Crop+Research+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccrp.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F08%2FFood-Processing-W.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rec-40"><a href="#cite_ref-rec_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recettesvegetales.com/couscous-aux-epinards/">"Couscous aux épinards - Dambou (Niger)"</a>. Recettes Vegetales. June 18, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recettes+Vegetales&rft.atitle=Couscous+aux+%C3%A9pinards+-+Dambou+%28Niger%29&rft.date=2017-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecettesvegetales.com%2Fcouscous-aux-epinards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammamiSissons2020" class="citation book cs1">Hammami, Rifka; Sissons, Mike (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34163-3_15">"Durum Wheat Products, Couscous"</a>. In Igrejas, Gilberto; Ikeda, Tatsuya M.; Guzmán, Carlos (eds.). Wheat Quality for Improving Processing and Human Health. Springer International Publishing. pp. 347–367. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-34163-3_15">10.1007/978-3-030-34163-3_15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-34163-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-34163-3"><bdi>978-3-030-34163-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216234604">216234604</a>. Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Durum+Wheat+Products%2C+Couscous&rft.btitle=Wheat+Quality+for+Improving+Processing+and+Human+Health&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E347-%3C%2Fspan%3E367&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216234604%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-34163-3_15&rft.isbn=978-3-030-34163-3&rft.aulast=Hammami&rft.aufirst=Rifka&rft.au=Sissons%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-34163-3_15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WashPost-42"><a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutcherson2021" class="citation news cs1">Hutcherson, Aaron (May 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2021/05/14/couscous-moroccan-pearl-israeli/">"A guide to couscous: The history, different types and how to cook with it"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+guide+to+couscous%3A+The+history%2C+different+types+and+how+to+cook+with+it&rft.date=2021-05-14&rft.aulast=Hutcherson&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ffood%2F2021%2F05%2F14%2Fcouscous-moroccan-pearl-israeli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttolenghi2013" class="citation web cs1">Ottolenghi, Yotam (April 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/apr/26/maftoul-couscous-recipes-yotam-ottolenghi">"Yotam Ottolenghi's maftoul recipes"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Yotam+Ottolenghi%27s+maftoul+recipes&rft.date=2013-04-26&rft.aulast=Ottolenghi&rft.aufirst=Yotam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2013%2Fapr%2F26%2Fmaftoul-couscous-recipes-yotam-ottolenghi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin_Brink,_Getachew_Melese_Belay-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_Brink,_Getachew_Melese_Belay_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Brink,_Getachew_Melese_Belay2006" class="citation book cs1">Martin Brink, Getachew Melese Belay (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3uww3qB94sC&pg=PA60">Céréales et légumes secs</a>. PROTA. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5782-172-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5782-172-1"><bdi>978-90-5782-172-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%C3%A9r%C3%A9ales+et+l%C3%A9gumes+secs&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=PROTA&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-5782-172-1&rft.au=Martin+Brink%2C+Getachew+Melese+Belay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3uww3qB94sC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaunt2008" class="citation web cs1">Gaunt, Doram (May 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2008-05-09/ty-article/ben-gurions-rice/0000017f-e310-df7c-a5ff-e37aef0e0000">"Ben-Gurion rice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Ben-Gurion+rice&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft.aulast=Gaunt&rft.aufirst=Doram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2008-05-09%2Fty-article%2Fben-gurions-rice%2F0000017f-e310-df7c-a5ff-e37aef0e0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouscous" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Couscous&oldid=1274075203">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Couscous&oldid=1274075203</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Couscous&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 5 February 2025, at 10:22 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كسكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كسكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basi" title="Basi – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Basi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8" title="কুসকুস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুসকুস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Кус-кус (страва) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кус-кус (страва)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Кускус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кускус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouskous" title="Kouskous – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kouskous" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusc%C3%BAs" title="Cuscús – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cuscús" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88" title="كسكسو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كسكسو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskuss" title="Kuskuss – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuskuss" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82" title="Κουσκούς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κουσκούς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusc%C3%BAs" title="Cuscús – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuscús" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskuso_(man%C4%9Da%C4%B5o)" title="Kuskuso (manĝaĵo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kuskuso (manĝaĵo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kus-kus" title="Kus-kus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kus-kus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کوسکوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوسکوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusc%C3%BAs" title="Cuscús – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuscús" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="쿠스쿠스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠스쿠스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Կուսկուս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուսկուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kus-kus" title="Kus-kus – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kus-kus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskuso" title="Kuskuso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kuskuso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BAsk%C3%BAs" title="Kúskús – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kúskús" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuscus" title="Cuscus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cuscus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קוסקוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסקוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კუსკუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუსკუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuscus" title="Cuscus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cuscus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskuss" title="Kuskuss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kuskuss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskusas" title="Kuskusas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kuskusas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuszkusz_(%C3%A9tel)" title="Kuszkusz (étel) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kuszkusz (étel)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Кускус – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кускус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كسكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كسكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="クスクス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クスクス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosc%C3%B3s" title="Coscós – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coscós" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuscuz" title="Cuscuz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cuscuz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%C8%99_cu%C8%99" title="Cuș cuș – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cuș cuș" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кускус (кулинария) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кускус (кулинария)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuscusu" title="Cuscusu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cuscusu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Кус-кус – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кус-кус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Couscous" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sksu" title="Sksu – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Sksu" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksu" title="Seksu – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Seksu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Кускус – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кускус" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="กุสกุส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กุสกุส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0)" title="Кускус (крупа) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кускус (крупа)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کسکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کسکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuscus" title="Cuscus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cuscus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couscousse" title="Couscousse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Couscousse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kuskus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3" title="古斯米 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古斯米" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF" title="庫斯庫斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="庫斯庫斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93" title="ⵙⴽⵙⵓ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵙⴽⵙⵓ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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